Analysis of the poem Pushkin A. S. " Winter morning»

pushkin2stihi/pushkin/pushkin2Poem "Winter Morning"

Analysis of the poem - Winter morning

Pushkin's poetry is surprisingly true to Russian

reality, does it depict a Russian

nature or Russian character...

V. G. Belinsky.

Among Pushkin's poems, an important role is played by those in which the poet lovingly draws pictures of his native nature. The incomparable painter perceived her with the heart of an ardent patriot. Since childhood, love for his native nature has firmly entered his soul. She grew stronger, and was reflected in poems, poems and the novel "Eugene Onegin".

In Pushkin's lyrics, a prominent place belongs to the poem "Winter Morning", written on December 3, 1829 in the village of Pavlovsky. It is imbued with a sunny mood, accurately conveys the feelings that overcame the author.

There are two heroes in the work: the so-called lyrical hero, and the beauty to whom the poem itself is dedicated, which is the monologue of the lyrical hero. It is this beauty that the author calls "charming friend" and "dear friend."

The poem begins with the exclamation "Frost and sun; a wonderful day!", And immediately evokes a feeling of joy in the reader. "Open your closed eyes with bliss" - this is how the author refers to the beauty in the first stanza, using a metaphor.

For amplification artistic expressiveness The author resorts to antithesis. The contrasting description of "today" and "evening" occupies the main place in the poem. The splendor of the winter morning is felt even more acutely in comparison with yesterday's storm, which is described just as accurately.

The most poetic landscape is in the second stanza, it is full of comparisons and personifications, although it causes sadness of the heroine. He only describes the sky:

"... the blizzard was angry,

In the cloudy sky, a haze hovered;

The moon is like a pale spot

Turned yellow through the gloomy clouds,

And you sat sad -

And now look out the window!”

The third stanza is a winter landscape. The picture created by the poet is saturated with color: it is blue (“under blue skies”), and black (“one transparent forest turns black”), and green (“spruce turns green through frost”). Everything sparkles, shines; in the stanza they repeat twice cognate words "shining" and "glittering".

The third and fourth stanzas are connected with the word “shine”: “The whole room is illuminated with amber brilliance.” Only the brilliance is no longer winter, but warm, amber. The author smoothly moves from admiring the beauty of nature to describing the decor of the room in which he is. “crackling crackling” is justified, and thanks to it we hear the crackling of a flooded furnace.

The poet’s sense of joy grows and requires movement, he wants to visit “empty fields.” The strongest attachment that the author admits in this poem is “the shore, dear to me.” This epithet, most likely, should be understood as native, dear places. In my opinion, the main magnet of the work lies in the last line. After all, the whole poem is a monologue of a person persuading a "dear friend" to wake up in order to immediately go to the shore, dear to the poet.

Alexander Sergeevich devoted a very significant place in his work to lyrical works. Pushkin treated Russian customs, legends and myths with special respect, but he especially loved, therefore, he repeatedly endowed the sea, sky, trees, steppes with human character traits, feelings and desires. The poet, like an artist, tried to masterfully convey all the colors of a spring garden, a summer meadow, an autumn forest. The poem "Winter Morning" was written by Pushkin in 1829. This work is considered one of the most clear examples lyrics, because it is saturated with optimistic mood, joyful, bright feelings.

Just a few lines - and before the reader's eyes appears the delightful beauty of nature, created by an interesting duet of sun and snow. An analysis of the poem "Winter Morning" by Pushkin allows us to understand the mood of the author. The work is built on contrast, the poet says that yesterday a snowstorm raged, the sky was covered with haze and it seemed that there would be no end to endless snowfalls. But morning came, and nature itself pacified the blizzard, the sun peeked out from behind the clouds. Each of us knows that feeling of delight when, after a night blizzard, a clear morning comes, filled with blessed silence.

An analysis of the poem "Winter Morning" by Pushkin allows us to understand how open the poet was in his feelings. His fellow writers in those days tried to hide their admiration behind restrained and pretentious phrases. In the poem of Alexander Sergeevich, one can clearly hear the call to go for a walk, and not sit at home in front of the fireplace. Not enjoying the beauty of winter nature to the fullest seems like a real crime. The mood rises from the sight of a snow-white blanket that covered the fields, from the river sleeping under the ice, the forest, dressed in hoarfrost sparkling in the sun.

The poem "Winter Morning" is written very easily, melodicly and naturally. Pushkin shows the absence of allegory and hidden meaning) in his work he tried to embody the maximum of beauty, light and tenderness. Here, although there is a description of bad weather, the colors do not thicken, so the blizzard is not able to overshadow the onset of a clear, filled with calmness and peace.

An analysis of the poem "Winter Morning" by Pushkin reveals the true feelings of the poet in relation to Russian nature. He is fascinated by her and bows before the endless wisdom. Alexander Sergeevich is very surprised by the dramatic changes that have taken place in just one night. It seems that yesterday a blizzard howled, the snowfall did not stop, but today everything has calmed down, a sunny, quiet and calm day has come.

An analysis of Pushkin's poem "Winter Morning" makes it possible to understand that the poet perceives nature in the form of a sorceress who tamed a snowstorm and gave people a delightful gift in the form of a morning filled with creaking snow, frosty freshness and a snow-white veil pleasing to the eye, shimmering with all the colors of the rainbow under the rays of the sun. In such weather, you want to run out into the street and fully feel the happiness of contemplating the changeable, but such a beautiful nature.

Among all the works of the great Russian poet, those in which he describes natural scenes play a special role. It is known that from the very early years Alexander Sergeevich was characterized by love for his native nature. Over time, it only intensified, and was reflected in numerous works of the poet, for example, in "Eugene Onegin". “Winter Morning” is one of the brightest poems by A. S. Pushkin. It was written in 1829, at the very beginning of his literary activity.

History of creation

In the analysis of the poem "Winter Morning", the student may mention that it was not written at the very best period the poet's life. At that time, A. S. Pushkin was in exile in Mikhailovsky. However, these years were filled not only with a sense of loneliness, but also with happy feelings associated with sincere friendship and love, a surge of creative inspiration. The poem was a pleasant surprise for the friends of the great poet and critics. "Winter Morning" was written by Pushkin very quickly, in one day. The work can be called one of the most successful poems of the poet in the genre of landscape lyrics.

Structure

The poem "Winter Morning" is one of the most popular poetic works of the great Russian poet. You can start analyzing the poem "Winter Morning" by describing its first line. The poem begins with an exclamation of complete admiration: “Frost and sun; wonderful day!" And after that, the lyrical hero immediately uses pleasant and warm words to address his beloved: “beauty”, “charming friend”. The vocabulary well conveys the mood of the narrator, and therefore the poem can rightfully be called lyrical. Bright, inspirational images of the morning are closely intertwined with the theme of love. The natural picture can be compared with the feelings of a lyrical hero in love.

In the analysis of the poem “Winter Morning”, the student can also tell that, according to its structure, it is divided into five stanzas. Each of them is a six-line. At the beginning of the work, the poet conveys his delight in the Russian winter and gently calls his beloved to wake up. In the second stanza, the mood changes - the lyrical hero recalls a gloomy yesterday, which was full of indignation of the natural elements, a riot of bad weather. IN lyrical analysis poem "Winter Morning" can be mentioned that such a contrast gives even more admiration for the beauty of nature in the morning. After the beauty of the winter landscape has been described, the reader returns to the warm room, hears the crackling of logs in the stove.

Basic information about the poem

In his poem, the great Russian poet describes the beauty of his native nature, the winter morning that replaced the winter night. This is the theme of the work that needs to be mentioned in the analysis of the poem "Winter Morning". The idea is that the poet wants to show the extraordinary charm of winter landscapes, to express his love and admiration for his homeland and its nature. As for the size, the poet used iambic tetrameter to create his work. The rhyme in the poem is mixed. The lyrical plot in the work is poorly expressed. It is based on the narrator's contemplation of the beauties of nature, which became his impulse to action. The work belongs to the genre of landscape lyrics and belongs to the literary movement called romanticism.

Analysis of the poem "Winter Morning" according to plan

Sometimes it is required not just to write an essay, but to prepare a structured analysis of the work. An approximate plan according to which the student will analyze the work can be as follows:

• The history of the creation of the poem.
• Theme and main idea.
• Composition.
• How does the poet represent the lyrical hero.
• Artistic means.
• Size, rhyme.
• My opinion about the poem "Winter Morning".

This is an approximate algorithm for analyzing the poem "Winter Morning" by Pushkin according to the plan. The student can add his own points to it.

Language means of expression

There are many positively colored epithets in the poem. These are the expressions "transparent forest", "amber shine", "dear friend" and many others. There are also epithets with a negative emotional connotation: “cloudy sky”, “gloomy clouds”, “empty fields”. The poet also uses the method of metaphor: "the moon turned yellow." The reader meets the personification: "the blizzard was angry." Comparison in the poem: "The moon is like a pale spot ...".

Syntactic means

At the beginning of the poem, the reader discovers declarative sentences. It is with their help that the poet expresses the calm intonation of his work. But gradually the voice of the lyrical hero becomes more restless and agitated. Despite the fact that there are practically no exclamatory sentences in the poem, the narrator's external calmness hides the depth of his emotional experiences. There is also an interrogative sentence in the poem - this is a rhetorical question.

Phonetics of the work

The great Russian poet also uses the technique of alliteration, which is also worth mentioning to a schoolboy when analyzing Pushkin's poem "Winter Morning". This is manifested in the injection of hissing w, h, w, h. Voiced consonants are also used - b, c, p, l, n. The assonance technique is also used in the poem - the vowel sounds a, o, and, e are forced. With the help of these sound means, the poet seeks to convey the horse's trampling, the creak of snow in the cold, the sound of ice.

Lexical features of the first two stanzas

In the first stanza, it is worth paying attention to the 4th and 6th lines. In them, the reader can see two examples of the use of obsolete grammar. Analyzing Pushkin's poem "Winter Morning", we can talk about these features. Firstly, this is the phrase "open ... eyes." Currently the last word used in a completely different way. The gaze can be lowered, averted, or directed, but not opened in any way. The fact is that the poem has obsolete value- "eyes". And it is in this sense that it is used in many poems of poets of the first half of XIX century.

Also of interest is another word - "closed". It is a truncated participle - its use is one of the favorite liberties of many poets of the time.

The line below also awaits the reader Interesting Facts which require further explanation. First, the poet mentions the word "Aurora". It is written with a capital letter, but here it is not a proper name, but a common noun. A. S. Pushkin uses the name of the goddess of dawn to denote the dawn itself. On the other hand, according to the rules of the Russian language, it should be in dative case: "Towards the northern Aurora." However, there is no typo or error here - this is an obsolete form. Once the preposition to meet, according to the rules of grammar, required genitive, and for Alexander Sergeevich and his contemporaries this was the norm.

It is also worth mentioning that the phrase "star of the north" is not used here in its direct meaning - "celestial body", which means "the most beautiful and worthy lady of St. Petersburg." In the second stanza, the words "evening" and "darkness" are mentioned. The first means "last night". The word "mist" in its usual meaning means darkness or gloom. A. S. Pushkin uses this word to refer to snow, which hides everything around in its fog, like a veil.

Third and fourth stanzas

It describes the winter landscape. And the picture that the poet describes is largely created by describing flowers: “under blue skies”, “the forest alone turns black”. In the third stanza of the poem there are no obsolete forms, it does not need additional explanations. In the last stanza, there is an unusual word form "forbid" instead of the usual "harness". This is poetic liberty, which is allowed by the poet for rhyming, which can also be mentioned when analyzing Pushkin's poem "Winter Morning". A diligent student is unlikely to be able to briefly describe all the outdated grammatical means, therefore, if you need to provide concise analysis, you can mention one or two.

The last two stanzas are connected by the word "brilliance", with the help of which the reader even more clearly imagines both the natural landscape and the comfort of a warm room. If in the third stanza the shine is winter, then in the last it is warm, amber. Pushkin also uses tautology, but in this case she is completely justified. Hearing the expression "crackling crackling", the reader seems to hear the sound of a flooded furnace.

So we have considered brief analysis Poem "Winter Morning" The feeling of the poet's joy increases towards the end of the work. He wants to visit the "fields", "forests" and "shore" more and more. The latter should not be understood literally as a river bank - rather, the poet wanted to talk about those places that are close and dear to him.

The poem "Winter Morning" from the first line immerses the reader
body into the atmosphere have a wonderful day: “Frost and sun;
wonderful day! ", And then - an appeal, an appeal,
an invitation to a walk through the sparkling winter
snow. The poet chooses the form of dialogue in order to re-
giving intonations of easy conversation.
Everything in this poem is built on contrasts.
and on the change of dissimilar pictures. And every picture
full of simple, but at the same time very expressive
solid details.
The second and third stanzas are built on the reception
contrasts: the second stanza is "yesterday",
and the third is "today." Yesterday the blizzard was angry
the moon was barely visible through the clouds, and "you are sad
was sitting." And today the sky is blue, and the snow sparkles on
bright sun. During the night there was a drastic change
and everything around became unrecognizable. But these two lines
phs are also, in turn, opposed to far-

next image. From the picture that is visible
from the window of a village house, the poet takes us back to
a room where it is warm and cozy and cheerfully crackles
flooded oven. Good at home! But isn't it better
order to give a sleigh and "indulge in the run of an impatient
horse"? A variety of expressions have been used
nye means of language. Talking about yesterday
year, the poet chooses such epithets: the sky is cloudy;
the moon is a pale spot; you are sad - everything is painted
in a sad tone. In addition, Pushkin uses pro-
a vague but telling metaphor: “The blizzard has poured in. .
And in the third stanza, everything is already flooded with bright light
fine morning and you can see such details that
Rykh could not be seen during yesterday's blizzard.
Sonorous and vivid epithets emphasize the contrast with
yesterday afternoon (the sky is blue; carpets of snow are great
stucco; transparent forest), and also convey joy,
which overwhelms the poet (wonderful day; friend pre-
flattering). It creates beautiful visual images:
spruce greening through the hoarfrost, a river shining under
ice. In the third stanza, repetition is used - ana-
handicap (N spruce - N river):
And the spruce turns green through the frost,
And the river under the ice glitters.
And in the fourth stanza, the reader not only sees
room, illuminated by an amber brilliance, but also heard
shit like a flooded stove cracks, because the poet
uses the technique of sound writing (alliteration) - they play
its role solid sounds: t, r. Transferred feeling
peace and tranquility of the hearth.
40

in the last stanza, Pushkin uses interest
epithet: "Let's indulge in the run of an impatient horse."
Why did the author call the horse impatience
Answering this simple question, one can imagine
real living picture. Probably not worth the horse
in place, because the frost is pinching him, he, too,
embraced by the feeling of a cheerful winter morning and is torn
forward. Only one skillfully told about all this
word chosen by the author.
The feeling of joy of the poet in the poem all the time
grows and requires movement - now he wants to
visit places dear to your heart.
The poet connects the words different styles: high,
book (Aurora, charming, illuminated, bliss, gaze,
come), colloquial (couch, sled, filly),
dialectal (evening, forbid). And the author of the poem
creation appears before us kind, simple,
a person close to the people - this has been achieved and the language
com (the vocabulary chosen by the poet, the use
short sentences and addresses), and topic, and
general TONE.
The whole work is written in light, life-
rich colors, so characteristic of
creativity of A. S. Pushkin.
The poem is written in iambic tetrameter.

In the poem "Winter Morning" (Pushkin), which we will analyze, the motive of movement is transmitted primarily with the help of temporary details. Evening (yesterday evening) a blizzard was chalk, clouds were rushing, the moon looked “ pale spot”, barely “yellowed” against the background of the “cloudy sky”, everything saddened and depressing, I didn’t even want to look out the window.

The night passed and the storm subsided. The poem begins with the onset wonderful morning when memories of bad weather seem like a dream, from which it is “time” to wake up.

Another artistic means that gives dynamism to the lyrical outpouring is dialogue. The landscape arises in a conversation with a beloved - a beauty, a charming friend, a sweet friend. She is still dozing, but a meeting is close, similar to a date with a goddess (“the star of the north” is comparable to Aurora herself - in Roman mythology, the goddess dawn). The lyrical hero addresses her with compliments (from the French “flattering remark”), calling the dream bliss, the eyes the gaze, the charm of the earthly woman as divine beauty.

Both planes, both sublime and everyday, are equivalent; they are present in the text to completion. The rest of the goddess is in fact a room with a heated stove, a bed of bliss is a couch, an impatient horse, the run of which the heroes are going to “indulge in”, is a brown filly, the Russian sledge turns out to be a chariot. Yes, and a conversation with the northern Aurora, perhaps, is a fiction of a lyrical hero who "It's nice to think by the couch." But his imagination is capable of performing miracles: in an everyday episode, discover beauty and diversity, illuminate the “whole room” with brilliance divine fire, turn a village filly into a fabulous horse, carrying you to fields, forests, to the far shore. In the context of the analyzed poem "Winter Morning" by Pushkin, the epithet "wonderful" gets an expanded interpretation. The work begins with ordinary praise for a fine day, but later evidence appears that among the modern Russian winter nature for the author (snow, hoarfrost, spruce, a river covered with ice), fabulous events take place. At the very beginning, the possibility of merging in reality of opposites, poles opens up:

Frost and sun; wonderful day!

There are other contrasts (evening - now, moon - sun, turbidity - transparency, haze - light, pallor - brightness, sadness - fun), but they do not become antitheses. The harmony of nature is due to the eternal change of sunsets and sunrises, night and day, seasons ("Forests, recently so dense ..."). The motive of running a horse becomes the third of artistic means to add dynamism to the image. The winter landscape is concrete, visible “through the window” (“And now ... look out the window ...”) and at the same time there is generalization in it. Calling for a closer look at how evenly the snow fell, how the fir branches were frosted, how the river ice glitters against the background of the shadows from the trees in the forest, the lyrical hero includes these details in a patterned picture, similar to a complex ornament (from Latin “decoration”, pattern, consisting of ordered components). It uses a rich palette of colors (French, selection, set means of expression): black (“haze hovered”, “gloomy clouds”), pale yellow, their “muddy” mixture, characteristic of the evening; during the day, bright colors that create the impression of splendor - blue, white, green.

All of them appear in combination (“The transparent forest alone turns black”, “spruce through the hoarfrost”, “river under ice”), shimmer, shine in the light of the sun, contrasting with the darkness of the night. The static nature (from the Greek “standing”) of the daytime landscape makes it possible to consider its beauty in detail. The motif of a "muddy" evening, when everything was mixed up in an evil whirlwind, is developed in Pushkin's poem "Demons" (1830), where the blizzard turns into a hellish round dance. This opposition adds another shade to the assessment of a wonderful day, as it marks the victory of good, bright forces.

The warmth and light of the sun find a match in the "amber sheen" of the fire in the stove, illuminating the room. New colors appear in the picture - amber-yellow, fiery red:

The whole room amber gleam

Enlightened. Cheerful crackling

The heated oven crackles.

The final words of the first and second lines of the fourth stanza stand out due to the transfer (mismatch between the end of the phrase and the verse, which highlights the word that is at the junction of the lines). This is not accidental, since it draws attention to another feature of the poem "Winter Morning" (Pushkin), the analysis of which interests us. Not only colors make up the "magnificent carpet" of the text - phonic contrasts make it possible to present harmony as the consistency of various impressions and emotions. There is no dominant alliteration in the sound, deaf and voiced, melodious and rolling consonants alternate. Their combination in groups of words that are integral in meaning, for example, in combinations of the defined and the definition (noun and adjective), contributes to the manifestation, intensification of the effect. Already in the title of the poem, in addition to a meaningful oxymoron (from the Greek "witty-stupid", a stylistic turn expressing an unexpected semantic unity; also used in the sound of "oxymoron"), consisting of a combination of words that call the winter dying of nature and the awakening of a new day, there is also a sound contrast: a winter morning.” A similar impression is left by combinations of "l" and "p" in the expressions: "magnificent carpets", "transparent forest", "amber sheen", "cheerful crackling", as well as "n" and "p" - "morning snow", etc. All three sounds of different emotional coloring are found in the word “impatient”, which stands out in the fifth stanza due to the fact that its volume (6 syllables) violates the regularity of the iambic tetrameter with which the poem is written (the same effect is produced by detaining attention in the third stanza due to the rhythmic pause the word "magnificent", which also contains 6 syllables).

The composition of the poem, as well as figurative, sound, visual (from Latin "visual") levels, plays an important role in achieving the artistic goal. The text contains five stanzas (six-line, rhyming scheme: aabvvb), of which the first is similar in meaning to the exposition, describing the place and participants in the action (lyrical hero, "beauty", nature). The second gives a recent background, the third and fourth characterize the miracles of the day that has come, which are not enough for the lyrical hero. Not only from the closed space of a warm room, but even from the magnificent panorama of the winter landscape, he strives to escape. The opposing union “but”, separating the picture, visible “today ... through the window”, from the expression of a cherished desire, strange, incomprehensible to others, shows that the openness of the inner world is felt as an individual originality:

But you know: do not order to the sled

Ban the brown filly?

In the fifth stanza, the soul of the lyrical hero is fully revealed, since innermost desires are expressed in it (“let us run”, “we will visit”), in the last line the emotional impression associated with the landscape is evaluated.

Running in the context of the poem is both movement in space and the passage of time. From memories of a sweet shore, of yesterday's bad weather, the lyrical hero turns to the contemplation of the beauty of nature, understanding both its eternal meaning and instant charm, seeing phenomena one “through” (“the spruce turns green through the hoarfrost”) another, opening hiding places (“river under ice shines”), striving to overcome the limitations, one-sidedness of time and feeling. In a landscape painting, which actually resembles an emblem (from the Greek “relief decoration”, a conditional image of a concept, an idea) of the harmony of his worldview, he also finds a philosophical aspect. Its expression becomes the image of "the fields are empty."

Parallelism ( artistic technique, allowing to reveal the similarity or identity of the elements of the work; from the Greek “walking next to me”) of natural and human, outlined in the second stanza (“darkness hovered” - “And you sat sad ...”), is translated into a metaphor “we will visit the empty fields”. Man can fill the void in nature by drawing from the treasury of his personality. At the same time, it is not her exclusivity that is important, but the attention to individual traits inherent in a sensitive and benevolent “friend” (address to a companion, repeated in stanzas 1, 5), among which the main one is the ability to peer into the environment, discovering in the usual beauty, diversity, fullness of life . Its variability in comparison with the unshakable romantic ideal appears not only as a sign of reality (evening-today), but also as a philosophical conclusion that gives hope for change and the coming victory of light and goodness. There is no shade of finality in it either, the movement continues. For the lyrical hero, "impatiently" striving to get rid of everything that he experienced "recently", that was "pleasant" yesterday, it is important that along with the dynamics in life there is constancy. If in nature the seasons alternate, then impressions are preserved in the soul (“forests, recently so dense” - “shore, dear to me”), acquiring a new meaning over time, becoming the subject of reflection and generalization. The inner world is not only a reflection of the outer, but the whole universe, they coexist, are really parallel, are located side by side, influencing, depending on each other. The idea of ​​world harmony is being developed, expressed not in speculative reasoning, but in the figurative, phonic, pictorial originality of Pushkin's poem "Winter Morning", which we have analyzed.