A systematic and intense cough can provoke the development of pulmonary emphysema, hypertension in the pulmonary circulation and cause an increase in intrathoracic pressure. Medications that suppress the cough reflex help to get rid of frequent coughs.
Most popular cough medicines
The most popular non-narcotic drugs for cough are the following:
- Glaucin.
- Libeksin.
- Oxeladine (Tusuprex).
- Falimint.
Each of them has its own characteristics that must be considered when treating an obsessive and intense cough.
Glaucin
Glaucine is a drug of the alkaloids group. When taken, the spasm of the muscles of the bronchi weakens, the nervous system calms down. Usually Glaucin is prescribed for acute bronchitis, pharyngitis, whooping cough. The medicine is produced both in the form of tablets and pills, and in the form of a syrup.
Libexin
Libexin is a synthetic cough suppressant. Its impact occurs both peripherally and centrally. When taking Libeksin, the activity of the cough reflex is suppressed, spasms in the bronchi are eliminated, and pulmonary tension receptors are blocked. The antitussive effect of Libeksin can be compared with the effect of Codeine, with the difference that the former is not addictive and does not depress the respiratory system. The action of this drug lasts 3-4 hours. Libeksin tablets are not chewed.
Oxeladine (Tusuprex)
This anti-cough medicine is available in tablets, capsules (for adults only), and also as a syrup. The medicine lowers the sensitivity of the cough center to the impulses given by the cough receptors, as a result, the attacks are blocked. The drug is effective for dry reflex spasm, acute bronchitis, tracheitis.
Falimint
Falimint is available in the form of a dragee for resorption, it has pronounced antitussive and analgesic properties.
In addition to the above drugs, there are drugs that block cough attacks that have a narcotic effect (Codeine, Codipront, Demorphan, etc.).
For what cough is it advisable to take stopping drugs
Medicines that block the involuntary movements of the diaphragm should be taken only in the absence of sputum, but if the attacks are accompanied by abundant mucus, such drugs are categorically contraindicated, since, retaining phlegm in the lungs and bronchi, they can cause a relapse of the disease and lead to rather serious consequences.
The correct choice of antitussive therapy is always based on a good knowledge of the mechanisms of action of drugs with antitussive effect, which is the prerogative of the doctor.Cough(tussis) - it is a reflex act aimed at clearing the airways of sputum or foreign particles.
Considering that cough is one of the manifestations, often the only one, of any disease or pathological condition attempts to eliminate this symptom without explaining its cause are certainly wrong... When establishing the nature of cough, it is first of all necessary to carry out etiotropic or pathogenetic treatment of the underlying disease. In parallel, symptomatic therapy of cough can be carried out, which is either antitussive, that is, preventing, controlling and suppressing cough, or expectorant (cough), that is, providing greater efficiency of cough.
General principles of cough treatment:
cough treatment should be started by eliminating its cause
it is necessary to determine which cough is dry or wet
an individual approach to cough therapy, taking into account the diagnosis, clinical manifestations of diseases, the individual characteristics of the patient and the properties of the prescribed drugs
Antitussive therapy is indicated in cases where the cough does not help clear the airways... In this case, we can talk about specific antitussive therapy, which is essentially etiotropic or pathogenetic (for example, quitting smoking, eliminating the causes of postnasal drip). Nonspecific antitussive therapy is rather symptomatic, and it is given a limited place due to the high probability of identifying the cause of the cough and prescribing targeted treatment.
The decision to prescribe antitussive drugs should be justified by the presence of a painful cough that causes the patient to have significant physical and psychological discomfort that deprives him of sleep... The choice of an antitussive drug should be made individually, taking into account the mechanism of action, antitussive activity of the drug, the risk of side effects, the presence of concomitant pathology, and possible contraindications.
Causes of cough
Acute cough:
aspiration - ingestion of foreign objects into the respiratory tract;
inhalation of irritants(house and library dust, chemical products, powders)
SARS is the most common cause of acute cough, which is accompanied by nasal congestion and discharge, pain or a sore throat, and general malaise. After ARVI, the cough can persist for several weeks.
acute bronchitis - begins with an increase in temperature and is manifested by a cough with mucous sputum
whooping cough - a painful, unproductive cough in children and some adults;
pneumonia - begins acutely with a rise in temperature and is manifested by general weakness, malaise, headache
pleurisy - associated with pain in the flank that gets worse with deep breathing
Chronic cough:
Lung cancer - excruciating cough, chest pain, hemoptysis, shortness of breath, weight loss
Chronical bronchitis- prolonged productive cough
bronchial asthma- unproductive cough with the release of a small amount of mucous, viscous sputum
left ventricular failure arising against the background of ischemic heart disease or heart defects - the cough is accompanied by the separation of mucous sputum, often mixed with blood. It is necessary to pay attention to the presence of other signs of heart failure: shortness of breath, edema, weakness
gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD) - one of the symptoms is a cough without sputum secretion. Often the patient feels pain and a burning sensation behind the sternum or in the epigastric region, heartburn at night and in the morning
mental disorders- coughing occurs in stressful situations (for example, when speaking in front of a large audience
taking certain medications- taking ACE inhibitors, -blockers, cytostatics can provoke a cough. The cough usually disappears after drug withdrawal.
DRY COUGH TREATMENT
Antitussives are used to treat dry coughs.
Such funds inhibit the cough center in the medulla oblongata or reduce the sensitivity of the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract to irritants:
drugs that suppress the cough center- products containing codeine, dectromethorphan, paxeladine, tusuprex, butamirate
drugs that reduce the sensitivity of the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract to irritants- libexin
Centrally acting antitussives (narcotic)
Antitussives of central action suppress the function of the cough center of the medulla oblongata. The most famous drug in this group is codeine, a natural narcotic analgesic from the group of opiate receptor agonists.
Methylmorphine (codeine) Expressedly reduces the excitability of the cough center. It provides the duration of the blockade of the cough reflex for 4-6 hours. Currently, codeine is used infrequently and is used in short courses due to its ability to depress the respiratory center, which leads to a decrease in ventilation. May cause drowsiness, constipation. With prolonged use, it can cause addiction and drug dependence. Contraindicated during pregnancy and children under 2 years of age. It is not recommended to combine with alcohol, sleeping pills, analgesics, psychotropic.
Method of administration and dosage Inside, for adults with pain - 15-60 mg every 3-6 hours, with diarrhea - 30 mg 4 times a day, with a cough - 10-20 mg 4 times a day; for children, these doses are respectively 0.5 mg / kg 4-6 times a day, 0.5 mg / kg 4 times a day and 3-10 mg / kg 4-6 times a day. IM is administered in the same doses as for enteral administration. The highest daily dose is 120 mg.
Dextromethorphan The synthetic analogue of codeine is not inferior to it in antitussive activity. The ability to depress the respiratory center, cause constipation, addiction is significantly less than that of codeine. Contraindicated during pregnancy and children under 2 years of age. Cannot be combined with alcohol, sleeping pills, analgesics, psychotropic (pronounced depression of the central nervous system, respiration), amiodarone (toxicity increases).
Currently, new antitussives are more often used, free from these disadvantages (they do not cause constipation, addiction and addiction, do not depress respiration, do not affect intestinal motility), the so-called non-narcotic antitussives. These include glaucine, which has a selective central action.
Centrally acting antitussives (non-narcotic)
They inhibit sensitive receptors and tension receptors of the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract and partially suppress the central link of the cough reflex, without inhibiting the respiratory center. It should be noted that for oxeladine and butamirate, in addition to antitussive action, bronchodilator is characteristic. Butamirate also exhibits secretolytic and anti-inflammatory effects. The group of antitussive non-narcotic drugs of central action is also indicated for cough associated with irritation of the mucous membranes of the upper (supraglottic) parts of the respiratory tract, irritation of the mucous membranes of the nasopharynx and oropharynx, due to infectious or irritative inflammation.
Oxeladin (Tusuprex, Paxeladin) Synthetic antitussive agent that selectively acts on the cough center. When applied, nausea, vomiting, drowsiness are rarely possible.
Method of administration and dosage Inside. Adults - 1 caps. 2-3 times or 2-5 scoops per day, children (only syrup) - 1 scoop of syrup per 10 kg of body weight per day; children under 4 years old - 1-2, from 4 to 15 - 2-3 measuring spoons per day.
Butamirate Antitussive agent that selectively acts on the cough center. It has a moderately pronounced expectorant and anti-inflammatory effect, reduces airway resistance, improves respiratory function. Take before meals. In rare cases, when applied, nausea, diarrhea, dizziness are possible. Not recommended in the first trimester, during lactation. Children over 3 years old can be prescribed syrup, over 12 years old - tablets.
Method of administration and dosage Inside, the dose is determined depending on the age.
Antitussives of peripheral action (non-narcotic)
To suppress cough, peripheral agents are also used. These include tablets for sucking in the mouth or syrups and teas containing plant extracts of eucalyptus, acacia, licorice, wild cherry, linden, etc., glycerin, honey, which have an enveloping effect and create a protective layer on the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract ( mostly upper sections).
Prenoxdiazine (Libexin) Combined synthetic antitussive drug. Slightly inhibits the cough center, without oppressing breathing. It has a local anesthetic, direct antispasmodic effect, reduces the excitability of peripheral receptors, and prevents the development of bronchospasm. The tablets should be swallowed without chewing (otherwise numbness, numbness of the oral mucosa may occur). In pregnancy, it should be administered with extreme caution.
Method of administration and dosage Inside, without chewing (to avoid numbness of the oral mucosa), 3-4 times a day: adults - usually 100 mg (in severe cases - 200 mg), children - depending on age and body weight, usually 25 –50 mg. In preparation for bronchoscopy: 1 hour before the study - 0.9-3.8 mg / kg, in combination with 0.5-1 mg of atropine.
WET COUGH TREATMENT
In the presence of viscous sputum, the patient can be advised to drink plenty of fluids, including herbal remedies. Herbal remedies are used that have anti-inflammatory, enveloping, expectorant, bronchodilator effects, reduce irritation of the bronchial mucosa, and increase the cough threshold. In the absence of contraindications, for example, vasomotor rhinitis, inhalation of water vapor is also used, by itself or with the addition of sodium chloride or benzoate, sodium bicarbonate - soda, ammonium chloride, plant extracts. It helps to moisturize the mucous membrane, has a mild analgesic, anesthetic effects, reduces reflex stimulation of the cough center, improves the rheological properties of secretions and relaxes the smooth muscles of the bronchi.
Along with this, such drugs as thermopsis, ipecacuana increase the gag and cough reflexes, therefore, in children of the first months of life and in patients with damage to the central nervous system, they should not be used: they can cause aspiration, asphyxia, the formation of atelectasis or increase vomiting associated with a cough.
Expectorants
The mechanism of action of expectorants is based on a decrease in the viscosity of mucus by increasing its volume and, as a result, the removal of bronchial secretions from the respiratory tract. Most of them actively increase mucus secretion due to reflex irritation of the glands of the bronchial mucosa. Iodides, ammonium chloride, sodium bicarbonate, essential oils have a direct secretomotor and secretolytic effect, stimulating proteolysis and sputum hydrolysis.
Among the expectorants, there are:
reflexive drugs- thermopsis, marshmallow, licorice, terpinhydrate, essential oils - when taken orally, they irritate the stomach receptors and reflexively increase the secretion of the salivary glands and mucous glands of the bronchi
resorptive drugs- sodium and potassium iodide, ammonium chloride, sodium bicarbonate - are absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract, excreted by the bronchial mucosa and increase bronchial secretion, thus thinning phlegm and facilitating expectoration
Muco-regulating agents
Carbocisteine is only active when taken orally. Carbocisteine, in contrast to acetylcysteine, bromhexine and ambroxol, has a mucoregulatory effect, reducing the synthesis of neutral and increasing the production of acidic mucins. It also helps to increase the synthesis of IgA by epithelial cells and, significantly reducing the number of goblet cells, especially in the terminal sections of the bronchioles, reduces mucus production, therefore, carbocisteine is not recommended to be combined with drugs that reduce the secretion of bronchial mucus, with poor sputum production, as well as with a tendency to constipation ... Carbocisteine restores the normal viscosity and elasticity of mucus, facilitating its excretion, and also reduces the secretion of phlegm. In terms of clinical and pharmacological properties, it is close to acetylcysteine. Liquefies phlegm by breaking disulfide bonds in glycosaminoglycans. Suppresses the local effects of inflammatory mediators. Promotes the penetration of antibiotics into the bronchial secretions.
Method of administration and dosage Inside. Adults - 2 caps. or 15 ml (3 teaspoons) 5% syrup 3 times a day; after improvement - 1 caps. or 10 ml (2 tsp) 5% syrup 3 times a day. Children from 2 to 5 years old - 2.5-5 ml (1 / 2-1 tsp) 2.5% syrup 4 times a day, from 5 to 12 years old - 10 ml of 2.5% syrup (2 tsp. spoons) 4 times a day.
Bromhexine reduces the viscosity of sputum if it is not very pronounced. Currently, bromhexine is being replaced by the drug of its active metabolite - ambroxol (Ambrohexal). Ambroxol not only increases the level of phlegm, but also promotes better excretion. Bromhexine, when metabolized in the liver, turns into an active substance - ambroxol. Thus, ambroxol is an active metabolite of bromhexine. They fragment glycoproteins and glycosaminoglycans of bronchial secretions. They have mucolytic (secretolytic) and expectorant effects. Provide a weak antitussive agent. Bromhexine and ambroxol have the ability to stimulate the production of endogenous pulmonary surfactant, and ambroxol also slows down its degradation. The surfactant ensures the stability of alveolar cells during respiration, prevents the alveoli from collapsing, protects them from external adverse factors, and improves the "sliding" of bronchopulmonary secretions along the epithelium of the bronchial mucosa. Reducing the viscosity of mucus, improving its sliding significantly increases the fluidity of sputum and facilitates its release from the respiratory tract.
Method of administration and dosage Inside, inhalation, i / m, s / c, i / v slowly. Inside: adults and children over 14 years old - 8-16 mg 3-4 times a day; children under 14 years old - depending on age.
!!! one of the disadvantages of acetylcysteine, carbocysteine and partly bromhexine is their ability to enhance bronchospasm, therefore, the use of these drugs in the acute period of bronchial asthma is not shown
Mucolytic agents
Mucolytics normalize the secretion of bronchial secretions and thereby improve the excretion of mucus from the bronchi. Mucolytics can be used to treat diseases of the lower respiratory tract, both acute (tracheitis, bronchitis, pneumonia) and chronic (chronic bronchitis, bronchial asthma, cystic fibrosis). The appointment of mucolytic agents is also indicated for diseases of the ENT organs, accompanied by the release of mucous and mucopurulent secretions (rhinitis, sinusitis). Mucolytics are often the drug of choice in children in the first three years of life.
Acetylcysteine (ACC) is one of the most active mucolytic drugs. ACC breaks the bonds of mucopolysaccharides of sputum, which helps to reduce the viscosity of mucus, dilute it and facilitate excretion from the bronchial tract, without significantly increasing the volume of sputum. In addition, ACC increases the protection of cells against free radical oxidation inherent in the inflammatory response. ACC is a promising drug for the treatment of not only acute, but also chronic bronchopulmonary diseases, as well as for the prevention of adverse effects of xenobiotics, industrial dust, smoking, including the oncological incidence of these groups of patients. Antioxidant action helps to reduce inflammation in the bronchi, reduce the severity of disease and minimize the frequency of exacerbations. To date, only preparations containing acetylcysteine combine the properties of a mucolytic and an antioxidant.
Indications for the use of the drug are acute, recurrent and chronic diseases of the lower respiratory tract, accompanied by the formation of viscous sputum, without or in the presence of a purulent inflammatory process - acute and chronic bronchitis, pneumonia, bronchiectasis, cystic fibrosis, and other chronic diseases of the respiratory tract. ACC is available in several dosage forms: tablets, powders, solutions, ampoules for injections. This allows you to choose the treatment individually for each patient.
Applied by ACC in an average daily dose of 600 mg. After oral administration, the effect of the drug begins in 30-90 minutes. Usually, ACC is well tolerated, in rare cases, mild dyspeptic disorders are possible.
Additional medicines used to treat cough
For coughs associated with irritation of the upper respiratory tract, use is indicated antitussives with local anesthetic activity... Lozenges containing diclonin are a means of symptomatic therapy in the treatment of inflammatory processes in the pharynx (tonsillitis, pharyngitis) and larynx (laryngitis). The drugs reduce the feeling of soreness and irritation in the throat, sensitivity to various irritating factors (temperature, chemical), disrupting the development of the cough reflex. The drug eliminates dry paroxysmal, barking cough, chest pain associated with cough.
If a cough occurs due to an allergic reaction, an appointment is indicated antihistamines(loratadine, terfenadine, cetirizine, fexofenadine) and mast cell membrane stabilizers (sodium cromoglycate, sodium nedocromil).
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Useful tips for coughing:
humidify the air; quit smoking or smoke less, and avoid areas that are heavily smoked
avoid sudden temperature changes (for example, quickly leaving a warm room in the cold)
avoid vapors of chemical products (aerosols, dishwashing detergents, powders)
inhale and moisturize the nasal mucosa
cough up - it helps to clear the bronchi
Folk remedies for cough:
Pour 1 lemon with water and boil over low heat for 10 minutes, after the lemon has cooled, cut it in half and squeeze the juice out of the lemon into a 200 gram glass, add 2 tablespoons of glycerin (for ingestion), pour honey to the rim of the glass and that's it mix. Take 2 teaspoons of the mixture 3 times daily before meals and at night.
In equal parts, mix carrot or radish juice with milk, take 6 times a day, 1 tablespoon.
Mix 2 yolks, 2 tablespoons of butter, 2 teaspoons of honey and 1 teaspoon of wheat flour, take up to 1 teaspoon many times a day.
Mix the walnuts crushed in a mortar with honey in equal parts, dilute one teaspoon of the resulting mass in 100 ml of warm water and drink in small sips.
Pour 1 tablespoon of sage herb with 1 cup of boiling water, let it brew, strain, dilute the resulting broth with milk in a 1: 1 ratio, take 1/2 cup of the mixture warm, you can add honey or sugar.
Pour 200 ml of boiling water with 50 g of raisins, let it brew for 30 minutes, add the onion and squeeze the juice out of it, drain the water from the raisins and add 3 tablespoons of squeezed juice to it, drink in small sips in 1 dose, preferably at night.
Cut seven pieces of radish into thin slices, sprinkle each slice with sugar and leave for 6 hours, take 1 tablespoon of radish juice every hour.
100 g of viburnum berries pour 200 g of honey and cook over low heat for 5 minutes, then cool at room temperature and take 2 tablespoons of the mixture 5 times a day.
Pour 200 ml of boiling water over one tablespoon of red clover, cover, let it brew for 3-5 minutes, drink warm in small sips (expectorant).
Boil 500 g of peeled chopped onions, 50 g of honey, 400 g of sugar in 1 liter of water for 3 hours over low heat, after which the liquid must be cooled, poured into a bottle and corked, take 1 tablespoon 5 times a day with a strong cough.
Cough is a complex reflex protective act aimed at clearing the airways of foreign particles or phlegm. Irritation of the cough center in medulla oblongata (section of the brain) or the lining of the respiratory tract causes involuntary coughing. This cough occurs with many respiratory diseases. The zones most sensitive to irritation are in the larynx, trachea, large and medium bronchi. In addition, cough can be induced or suppressed voluntarily, since the formation of the cough reflex is under the control of the cerebral cortex.
The cough is productive (with phlegm) and non-productive (dry). Since an annoying, unproductive cough is useless, it is best to suppress it. It is for this that they are used antitussives .
Depending on the point of application, antitussive drugs of central and peripheral action are distinguished.
Antitussives of central action suppress the cough reflex, inhibiting the corresponding areas of the medulla oblongata. The main agents of this group are morphine derivatives - codeine and ethylmorphine , butamirate , glaucine , oxeladine and prenoxdiazine... It is very important that the respiratory center, which is also located in the medulla oblongata, remains unaffected. In addition to codeine and ethylmorphine, other drugs in this group do not depress the respiratory center. Prenoxdiazine also reduces the sensitivity of the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract (local anesthetic effect), where areas sensitive to irritation are located.
Antitussives of peripheral action affect the sensitive endings in the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract. They have a softening and local anesthetic effect, reducing the flow of "cough stimuli" from the larynx, trachea and bronchi. A typical example of such a drug is acetylaminonitropropoxybenzene .
In connection with the undesirable side effects of codeine and ethylmorphine (oppression of the respiratory center, a decrease in tidal volume, the possibility of painful addiction, and so on), more and more selective antitussives, both central (glaucine, oxeladine, prenoxdiazine and others) and peripheral (acetylaminonitropropoxybenzene, tipepidine) actions. These drugs are not addictive, so they are sometimes collectively referred to as "non-narcotic antitussives."
Have you noticed that in theaters, concert halls, coughing is constantly heard, and it seems that the number of coughing is increasing all the time. The way it is. This is another side of voluntary cough control. Agitation or anxiety about the inappropriateness of the cough provokes it. Such factors are called psychogenic. In these cases, drugs that have a sedative (sedative) effect can help.
The ability to soften, soothe a cough, some antihistamines , in particular diphenhydramine better known as diphenhydramine .
Antitussives are often included in combination medicines for the common cold and flu, which we discuss later in this chapter.
Individual antitussives are listed below, more details about all drugs in this group can be found on the website.
[Tradename(composition or characteristic) pharmachologic effect dosage forms firm]
Codelac(herbal remedy) antitussive, expectorant tab. ICN Pharmaceuticals(USA), manuf .: IC N Tomskhimfarm (Russia)
Libexin(prenoxdiazine) antitussive, antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory, local anesthetic tab. Sanofi-Synthelabo(France)
Sinekod(butamirate) antitussive drops for oral administration for children; syrup Novartis Consumer Health SA(Switzerland)
Drugs that weaken the cough reflex; are used to relieve dry (unproductive) cough in various diseases of the lungs and upper respiratory tract. According to the mechanism of action, all antitussives are divided into drugs:
- central action - depressing effect on the cough center located in the medulla oblongata;
- peripheral action - suppress cough by inhibiting the nerve endings of the respiratory tract.
Central antitussives
Cough medicines with a central type of action are divided into two groups: narcotic (capable of causing addiction) and non-narcotic. Narcotic antitussives have a strong antitussive effect, inhibiting the center of the cough reflex, but at the same time they have pronounced side effects. Due to the severity of side effects and the possible development of addiction, these medications should be taken strictly as directed by the doctor. Non-narcotic cough medicines are not addictive. These funds can have both a central effect (butamirate, glaucine, pentoxiverin, etc.) and peripheral (libexin, bitiodin).
Narcotic antitussives
Narcotic antitussives have a strong antitussive effect, inhibiting the center of the cough reflex, but at the same time they have pronounced side effects. Due to the severity of side effects and the possible development of addiction, these medications should be taken strictly as directed by the doctor.
Codeine- antitussive agent of central action, opium alkaloid. The strong antitussive effect of codeine is due to the suppression of the cough nerve center; the duration of action is 4-6 hours.
Side effects of codeine: drug dependence, withdrawal syndrome, respiratory depression, arrhythmia, bradycardia, hypotension, headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, dry mouth, bowel obstruction, constipation, pruritus, allergic reactions, urticaria, etc.
Contraindications to the use of codeine: hypersensitivity, arrhythmia, hypotension, collapse, pneumonia, respiratory failure, bronchial asthma, alcohol poisoning, epilepsy, traumatic brain injury, impaired liver and kidney function, low blood clotting, intoxication diarrhea, pregnancy.
Taking the drug excludes breastfeeding. Codeine is not prescribed for children under 2 years of age.
Ethylmorphine- a narcotic antitussive agent, similar in action to codeine. Acting on the opioid receptors of neurons, ethylmorphine reduces the excitability of the cough center. The drug also has an analgesic effect. As a cough medicine, ethylmorphine is prescribed for various diseases of the respiratory tract - bronchitis, bronchopneumonia, pulmonary tuberculosis, pleurisy, etc.
The side effects of ethylmorphine are similar to those of codeine: drug dependence, allergic phenomena, constipation, nausea, vomiting, etc.
The use of the drug is contraindicated in elderly people, with states of general exhaustion.
Non-narcotic antitussives
Butamirat- centrally acting cough medicine; the drug reduces the excitability of the cough nerve center, and also has a moderate anti-inflammatory, bronchodilatory and expectorant effect. Butamirate is prescribed for acute and chronic cough of any etiology.
Among the side effects of the drug are noted: dizziness, allergic phenomena, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, exanthema.
Contraindications to the use of the drug: I trimester of pregnancy, breastfeeding period. In the II and III trimesters, the drug is prescribed with caution only if the expected benefit to the mother outweighs the risk to the fetus. Butamirate is also contraindicated for myasthenia gravis and children under 12 years of age.
Glaucin- antitussive drug of central action; an alkaloid of the plant Glaucium flavum. Unlike codeine, it does not depress respiration and does not suppress intestinal peristalsis, does not cause addiction. Glaucin is prescribed for the treatment of coughs of various etiologies.
Side effects are possible: general weakness, dizziness, nausea, lowering blood pressure, allergic phenomena.
The drug is contraindicated in myocardial infarction, arterial hypotension, sputum hyperproduction.
Ledin- a non-narcotic antitussive agent of central action; also has a bronchodilator effect. The drug is prescribed for various diseases of the lungs and upper respiratory tract with frequent, unproductive cough. In the presence of sputum, treatment is supplemented by the appointment of expectorants.
Of the side effects after using Ledin, allergic reactions can be noted; in this case, the drug is discontinued.
Antitussives of peripheral action
Libexin- peripheral antitussive agent; the drug soothes cough by blocking the peripheral links of the cough reflex. Libeksin does not cause drug dependence, does not depress the respiratory center. The medicine has a bronchodilator and local anesthetic effect. The duration of the antitussive action of libexin is 3-4 hours.
The drug is prescribed for various diseases of the respiratory system, accompanied by an unproductive cough: bronchitis, laryngitis, pharyngitis, ARVI, bronchopneumonia, bronchial asthma, pulmonary emphysema, dry pleurisy, spontaneous pneumothorax, pulmonary infarction.
Side effects may include: allergic phenomena, nausea, constipation, dry mouth.
The use of libexin is contraindicated for hypersecretion of mucus in the respiratory tract.
Bitiodin- cough medicine of peripheral action; affects the receptor apparatus of the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract. By the strength of the therapeutic effect, bitiodine is close to codeine, but does not show the side effects characteristic of the latter, in particular, it does not cause drug dependence. The drug is prescribed for the treatment of cough in various diseases of the respiratory organs.
As side effects of the medication, allergic phenomena and constipation are possible.
Combined antitussives
On the pharmaceutical market there are also combined cough medicine, the therapeutic effect of which is due to the action of their constituent components.
Stopussin- an antitussive drug based on butamirate and guaifenesin (mucolytic agent). Thanks to guaifenesin, which is part of the drug, the antitussive effect of the drug is complemented by an expectorant effect.
Side effects of stopussin, as well as its therapeutic effect, are due to its composition. May be noted: abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dizziness, headache, urticaria.
The use of stopussin is contraindicated: in the first trimester of pregnancy and during the period of breastfeeding, in the second and third trimesters, the drug is prescribed with extreme caution. Stoptussin is not prescribed for myasthenia gravis.
Bronchodilator- cough syrup; contains glaucine hydrobromide and ephedrine hydrochloride. The drug has an antitussive and bronchodilator effect. Bronholitin is used as a cough medicine in the complex therapy of various diseases of the respiratory organs: pneumonia, acute and chronic bronchitis, bronchial asthma, whooping cough, COPD, etc.
Side effects of bronchodilator: increased blood pressure, tachycardia, extrasystole, dizziness, tremor, agitation, insomnia, nausea, blurred vision, constipation, dysmenorrhea, etc.
The drug is contraindicated in the following conditions: hypersensitivity, childhood (up to 3 years), I trimester of pregnancy, lactation period, arterial hypertension, coronary heart disease, heart failure, insomnia, thyrotoxicosis, prostatic hyperplasia, pheochromocytoma.
Attention! To avoid negative health effects, cough medicine should only be used as directed by a physician.
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Antitussives for children and adults are prescribed to suppress the cough reflex. Their action is directed at receptors in the brain or the periphery, which is responsible for coughing. Such remedies do not remove the cause of the disease, but only temporarily eliminate the unpleasant symptom.
When using drugs that suppress cough, there is an effect on the medulla oblongata. Despite the fact that this group of funds is intended only to relieve symptoms, it is also needed at the moment when a dry cough significantly spoils the patient's life.
Coughing up an unproductive type leads to irritation of the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract. During this process, the tension of the abdominal wall occurs, which makes it difficult to fully communicate with people and get a good night's sleep.
When appoint
Cough suppressants are prescribed for:
- bronchitis. Prescribed in those situations if the infectious disease is not associated with the separation of viscous sputum;
- tracheitis. A dry, unproductive cough occurs as a result of mucosal tissue atrophy. With each inflammation, they become thinner, which leads to the formation of ulcers;
- heart failure. With this disease, cough is not associated with sputum production. Against the background of poor-quality work of the heart muscle and a lack of blood flow, the development of oxygen starvation is observed. Often torments the patient at night;
- pharyngitis. There is an inflammation of the pharyngeal mucosa. The symptoms of inflammation in pharyngitis are painful sensations in the throat, soreness, and an uncomfortable feeling when swallowing.
Prescription for the use of antitussives can also include laryngitis, colds, flu infection. Only a doctor should prescribe them, since they affect the receptors of the mucous membrane and the cerebral centers of the cough.
Types of antitussive medicines
Currently, pharmacological companies offer a wide range of effective medicines for respiratory diseases. Suppression of cough in adults should be taken very seriously. Most often, doctors in such cases prescribe medicines in tablet form.
A child (antitussive agent for children) is prescribed when he reaches the age of three. If the condition of a young baby is in a critical condition, as with laryngitis, false croup or whooping cough, then the medicine can be prescribed, but in a small dosage. It is impossible to take them on your own without the recommendation of a doctor, since they depress the nervous system.
Medicines in this group have a large list of adverse reactions. Some of them are considered very dangerous, as they have a narcotic effect on the respiratory center and are addictive.
The classification of drugs differs in:
- mechanism of action. This group is usually subdivided into drugs of central action, as well as peripheral action. The first type of medication has an effect on the cough center, which is located in the medulla oblongata. Thanks to this, the symptom is completely eliminated. The second group of drugs acts directly on the receptors that are located in the respiratory tract. The manifestation of the symptom is reduced, but not completely;
- composition. A medication that blocks, blocks, tablets that block (cough) an unpleasant symptom in its composition may contain components of a synthetic and natural appearance. The first group of drugs is considered more effective, but it has an aggressive effect and has side effects. The second group is based on medicinal herbs. When using natural medicines, there is a mild effect. There are practically no side reactions, except for the presence of an allergy to one of the components;
- form of release. Medicines with this effect (centrally acting antitussives) are sold in several forms: tablets, syrup, suspension, lozenges, drops, suppositories for rectal administration. Thanks to this form of release, medicines can be taken not only by adults, but also by children;
- the presence of narcotic components. This classification applies only to those funds that have a central impact. Narcotic medications are considered powerful but quickly addictive.
When choosing a medicine, it is very important to pay attention to what components are included in the composition.
The best drugs to treat dry cough
The most popular cough suppressant is pills. When administered orally, the maximum concentration of the substance is ensured. Tablet forms are often prescribed for adults and children over 6 years of age.
There are also combination cough medicines. But there is no universal drug. One medication will be effective for heart failure, another for bronchitis or tracheitis.
The drugs are selected in each case individually, depending on the age of the patient and the type of disease.
The most popular are:
- Libexin... The active ingredient is prenoxdiazine. It has a peripheral effect. Removes attacks of dry cough, and also exhibits mild analgesic and bronchodilator properties. Effective for laryngitis, pleurisy, bronchitis, pneumonia. The average cost is from 410 to 460 rubles.
- Stopussin... Combined cough medicine, which has not only an antitussive, but also an expectorant effect. Does not provoke the production of bronchial mucus. But it can cause side reactions: a disturbance in the functioning of the digestive organs, allergic reactions, a disorder of the nervous system. An inexpensive tool, the price of which is 108-220 rubles.
- Bitiodin. The active ingredient is tipepidine. Its effect is aimed at suppressing the receptors of the respiratory tract. Refers to strong drugs, while it has a minimum of side effects.
Other antitussive drugs for dry cough include:
- Tusuprex;
- Oxeladin.
Which drug to choose can only be suggested by a doctor based on the symptoms and the type of disease that manifests itself.
Antitussives with expectorant action
To provide a moderate antitussive effect and remove sputum from the bronchi and lungs, medications of a combined type are prescribed.
This group of funds includes:
- Sinekod... An excellent remedy that is sold in the form of drops, tablets and syrup. The action of the active ingredients is aimed at influencing the cough center. It also exhibits expectorant, anti-inflammatory and bronchodilatory properties. Contraindicated in women at the stage of gestation and breastfeeding. The syrup is prescribed for children over three years old. Drops can be given to babies from 2 months. The price ranges from 220 rubles.
- Bronchicum... The medication is available in three forms: syrup, elixir, lozenges. The syrup contains extracts of thyme primrose root. As quickly as possible, it converts a dry cough into a wet one. It is forbidden for babies under six months old, as well as for patients with hepatic and renal insufficiency, for pregnant and lactating women. The cost of the medicine is 270 rubles.
- Prospan. An effective remedy for both wet and dry coughs. It contains natural ingredients in the form of ivy extract. The advantage of the medicine is that it is allowed to give it to babies from the first days of life. But it is relatively expensive - about 350 rubles.
It should be borne in mind that each drug has contraindications and side effects. Therefore, doctors advise to read the instructions before use.
General contraindications for use
The main contraindications are:
- gestation stage and lactation period. Their use is possible only if they are made on the basis of herbs and are really necessary for treatment;
- sputum discharge. For diseases accompanied by abundant secretion of mucus from the bronchi, it is prohibited to take such medications. If you suppress the cough reflex, then sputum will accumulate and lead to an increase in the inflammatory process;
- diseases of the kidneys and liver. The disintegration of the components occurs precisely in the liver, after which they enter and are excreted by the kidneys. With renal and hepatic insufficiency, an overdose will occur;
- childhood. Usually, antitussives are not prescribed for babies under 3 years old. But there are combination preparations based on herbs that can be taken in young children.
The secrets of the success of the treatment lie in the correct intake of pills and syrups. If you do not follow the instructions, then patients develop a withdrawal syndrome. That is, if the funds are not received, the patient's condition deteriorates sharply.
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