Folic acid and cancer cells. Folic acid: Reception rules, dosage, risks of cancer. Features of folic acid

Modern world, in addition to achievements and progress in the treatment of many serious diseases, collided with the rapidly developing pathological change in cells - cancer. The use of heavy drugs, carrying out chemotherapy blocks, the features of the general state lead to a sharp deterioration of well-being and immunity. Many specialists advise to take complexes based on micro and macroelements to maintain the normal functioning of the internal systems of the body. In order not to apply greater harm to health, the group vitamins in the oncology from the list recommended by the specialist should be correctly selected.

Vitamins for oncology: testimony and contraindications

Useful substances of synthetic or natural origin are necessarily included to ensure the fullness of complex disease therapy.

Normal arrival of micro and macroelements contribute:

• Restoration of vital processes and internal organ functions;
• Support for a good level of resistance, especially after the use of cytostatics and chemistry blocks;
• Ensure the stability of enzymatic and hormonal exchanges;
• Cleans the body, preventing intoxicing changes.

The selection of complexes or non-amateur drugs is necessarily consistent with the oncologist, since some compounds provoke growth, active development of tumors and the spread of metastases. Properly chosen medications normalize metabolism, disinfecting processes.

Patients dispensers require special attention to the use of vitamins, especially for cancer patients with localization of neoplasms in the gastrointestinal organs: stomach, intestine.

It must be borne in mind that any microelements and vitamins of group B during oncology may have contraindications.

• Retinol - Provitamin A is a strong antioxidant, promoting physiological regeneration of affected cells. Recent studies have confirmed the effectiveness of turning on VIT. A in therapy and application for cancer prevention. Beta carotene, licopene injected in an injection path, and a diet saturated with compound contribute to the facilitation of the flow of certain types of oncological formations in the prostate, breast;
• The group B - a variety of components contributes to the aggregate effect, which normalizes vital processes: metabolism, transmission of neural impulses, restores protein, carbohydrate and fat balance. But in the occurrence of cancer, it should be used with great care, the fertile effect affects the activation of cell growth;
• Ascorbic acid - vitamin C is considered an excellent preventive tool for supporting and strengthening immunity, as well as protecting healthy calves from mutations and damage. It is recommended as a means that reduces side results and complications in the treatment of cancer cytostatics, radiation radiation, hormones. Restores membrane structures, destroys free radicals;
• Calciferol - Vitamin D3 - the full flow of the compound strengthens the immunity, normalizes the synthesis of t cells, improves the state of blood vessels and permeability. Normalizes calcium balance;
• Tocopherol - Vit. E - applied solely in the complex with other trace elements. Assigned to prevent recurrence to facilitate the rehabilitation process. Restores regenerative capabilities at the cellular level due to power antioxidant properties;
• Laoutaral - in 17 amygdalin - contributes to the destruction of the neoplasm with the help of an enzyme-synthesized by the affected by the cyanide breakdown. For healthy structures is completely safe.

All microelegen-based medicines are prescribed with great care with accurate dosage compliance.

Connections are contraindicated in large quantities in cancer therapy:

• Thiamine;
• Methylkobalamin (B12);
• Tocopherol in capsules;
• Honey is eliminated, as well as some liquid vitamin components, reinforcing cell regeneration, metabolism;
• Iron-containing drugs.

In most cases, the norm of vitamins remains at the level of the physiological need, which is necessary for the normal functioning of the internal systems.

Vitamin C and products in which it contains

The benefits of ascorbic acid are incomparably huge. In addition to the prevention of colds, very often full consumption and the assimilation of the trace element warns the development of cancer neoplasms.

When oncology Vit. C promotes:

• Raising immune functions;
• Accelerate protein metabolism;
• Increasing the activity of regeneration processes;
• Protects healthy cells from damage when applying chemistry, radiation therapy.

Ascorbinka is contained in many foods. Especially high content in:

• Rosehip fruits;
• Berries of a black sinter;
• Citrus
• Luke and garlic;
• Celery;
• Fresh vegetables bright colors.

Also a large amount of vitamin C is contained in chicken meat, beef liver.

Vitamins Group B.

Connections related to the class of water-soluble useful trace elements playing an important role in ensuring the normal process of cellular metabolism, has unique properties in support of health.

For patients oncological dispensaries, special attention is required when prescribing vitamin components.

Useful for cancer:

• Riboflavin - B2 - participates in the formation of erythrocytes, steroid hormones, helps to spread oxygen over the tissues;
• Pyridoxin - B6 - slows down the division of the affected calf;
• Folic acid - B9 - improves blood formation, maintains a natural genetic form;
• Amigdalin - B17 - oppress the neoplasm, warning metastases.

The receipt of a sufficient number of vitamins of the group contributes:

• Normalization of metabolic processes;
• Restores regenerative capabilities;
• Strengthens immunity;
• Improves blood formation;
• Increases the synthesis and absorption of amines;
• We warn the disorder of the Functions of the CNS, the gastrointestinal tract.

Sources of useful trace elements are:

• A balanced diet enriched with high-conditioned products in;
• Synthetic complexes;
• Biologically active additives, which can be received only on the recommendation of the doctor.

Vitamins of the Group in the oncology of contraindications are strictly observed dosage. The excess of which can provoke a tumor growth.

Unambiguously drink it, I will not be more, unless in food. For example green onions, and additives neither

The study showed that excess of folic acid can increase the risk of cancer

Norwegian researchers found that patients taking folic acid and vitamin B12 in the composition of food additives or multivitamin complexes, more often than others were cancer and died.

After it was found that the additional reception of vitamin B12 increases the likelihood of cancer, scientists raised the question of the safety of additives containing folic acid.

Norwegian researchers found that patients with heart defects receiving combination preparations containing simultaneously folic acid and vitamin B12 were more likely to cancer and died than patients who do not receive these vitamins during treatment.

In Norway, in contrast to the United States and Canada, the presence of folic acid is not approved in the composition of any products. Since in Norway, the market for the sale of vitamin supplements is relatively small, and the study participants categorically prohibited to take any drugs without the knowledge of the researchers, scientists have a unique opportunity to carry out the most pure experiment and very accurately assess the impact on patients of large doses of folic acid. An article published in the journal of the American Medical Association (AMA) on November 18, 2009, strengthened the concerns of scientists on the fact that mandatory nutritional supplements containing folic acid can cause unpredictable consequences.

"Adding to food and vitamin complexes of folic acid is not so safe, as previously assumed," said Marta Ebbing, the lead author of the project and the Hawkeland University Hospital (Hawkeland University Hospital).

The article in the journal AMA is the result of the scrupulous surveys and the hot definition of recent years in the medical community: an increasing number of studies suggested that a large amount of folic acid accelerates the growth of cancer cells in people with genetic predisposition to cancer.

The study is complicated by the fact that folic acid, if a pregnant woman takes it, significantly reduces the risk of nervous tube defects in newborns (for example, spine cleft).

In order to evaluate all possible risks and understand whether any changes in public health policies need a lot of work, researchers warn.

Folic acid (vitamin B9) is a synthetic form of folate, water-soluble vitamin B, in natural form contained in dark green leaf greenery and other vegetables and fruits. The Federal Government of Canada since 1998 recommends that producers of food add folic acid into top grade flour, vitamined pasta and corn flour products so that women receive a sufficient amount of this vitamin to reduce the number of nervous tube defects in newborns. Separate manufacturers voluntarily enriched with folic acid and other products, such as cereals.

Although the amount of vitamin added to food is not very large, some scientific workers are alarmed by the fact that Canadians taking nutritional supplements and multivitamins can be too large dose of folic acid.

"We are concerned that the nutritional supplements of folic acid actually contribute to increasingly spreading cancer," said Yang-in Kim (Young-in Kim), Professor of Medicine and Healthy Nutrition of the University of Toronto (University of Toronto) and Gastroenterologist of the Hospital of St. Michael (St. Michael "s HOSPITAL)." But we must be extremely careful with the conclusions, since adding vitamins to food gives excellent results. "

A new study consists of observation of 6000 patients with heart defects separated into two groups: the first was obtained a combination of folic acid and other vitamins B, the second placebo. Patients receiving vitamins per day were obtained 0.8 mg of folic acid, 0.4 mg of vitamin B12 and 40 mg of vitamin B6. At the same time, some tests were given no combination of vitamins, but only vitamin B6 or only folic acid.

After more than six years of medical observation, the researchers discovered an increased number of cancer diseases and deaths among those who received vitamin B12 simultaneously with folic acid. Vitamin B6 turned out to be not related to any changes in morbidity.

Dr. Ebinge announced: The study showed that folic acid, and not vitamin B12, most likely is responsible for increasing the risk of incidence of cancer, because it was she who was offered to patients in too much dosage.

When the period of medical observation was completed, scientists found that 10 percent of the group of taking patient's folic acid was diagnosed with cancer, while in a group that does not accept any vitamins B, this percentage was 8.4. Among cases of increased diagnosis of cancer, cases of lung cancer were leading. The researchers counted 56 cases of lung cancer in the group of taking folic acid and 36 in the one that did not receive this vitamin.

Canadian women planning to take a pregnancy for at least 0.4 mg of folic acid, and some "health lawyers" (people uniting organizations to support the rights of patients and strengthen health policies - approx. Transl.) Strongly advise the government to change Recommendation towards an increase in dosage.

At the same time, he says Dr. Kim, Middle Canadza is completely easy to achieve a daily dose of 0.8 milligrams, which was taken for research, or even exceed it. Dr. Kim worries about people taking food additives, since they already contain 0.4 milligrams of folic acid. Add to them enriched with folic acid products - and we easily get the notorious 0.8 milligrams.

And although it may seem that the percentage on which the incidence of cancer increased during the study is negligible, it turns out to be very significant if we take into account the population of the whole country. This is one of the reasons why more and more specialists have anxiety about the problem of additional reception of folic acid and its overweight.

"You can't fix everything with a tablet," says Dr. Ebing. - It happens that there is a good limit. "

According to scientists containing folic acid additives may cause the growth of malignant cells formed in the milk glands. Specialists from Toronto conducted special studies that confirmed this assumption. In particular, the relationship between the activity of cancer and precancerous cells with folic acid allowed to confirm experiments on rodents.

As shown by these experiments, folic acid is really dangerous. For example, during the dosage five times a day, two and a half milligrams there was a significant stimulation of carcinogenic cells available in the composition of the moles. The experts recognized that if the patient suffering from breast cancer would take additives containing folic acid, then the growth of malignant cells can accelerate significantly.

Under the name folic acid hides vitamin B9, and oncologists have not mentioned it for the first time due to the deterioration of patients suffering from cancer of this species. According to some studies, the substance this substance can create protection against breast cancer, and previously considered many scientists. But new studies of Canadian scientists unequivocally indicate that when taking food additives having in B9, and, in a significant dose, can contribute to the active development of cancer.

Currently, scientists are worrying that during the last fifteen years, women began to consume more folic acid. As you know, the Government of America and Canada has long demanded that product producers include folic acid into the recipe of all products so that women consume more vitamin B9.

Doctors advise women to take this vitamin before pregnancy, and do not forget to use and after. Thus, the development of certain defects in the infant is prevented. Statistics says that at least forty percent of the population uses additives containing folic acid to ensure health a certain benefit, although the benefits of this prevention is not fully proven. Doctors believe that the survey on the dangers of folic acid is especially important, as people who survived the removal of the tumor actively use various nutritional supplements, the benefits of which are not fully confirmed. Folic acid requires additional study, as it affects breast cancer, has not yet been detected.

Folic (peeroilglutamine) acid is another name for a water-soluble, vital compound B9 (Sun), which scientists are referred to as "Vitamin of Good Mood." This is due to the fact that the folacine is needed to produce happiness hormones, providing excellent psycho-emotional state.

Given the fact that the substance in a significant amount is contained in the leaves of plants, it has acquired its name from the word "Folium", which translated from Latin means "Sheet".

The structural formula of vitamin B9 (M) is C19H29N7O6.

Folic acid participates in the synthesis of DNA, hemoglobin, exchange processes, blood formation, maintaining immunity affects conception.

An important role is played for pregnant women, having an impact on the formation of the nervous tube of the fetus and the placenta, preventing the development of its defects.

The lack of a substance may lead to the emergence of serious deviations in the neural system of the kid, from the second week of the "interesting" position. Often, in this period, women still do not realize the conception of the child, while the BB9 deficiency in the mother's body is negatively displayed on the development of the fetus.

Scientists have proven that pealglutamine acid participates in DNA replication. Its lack of a growing organism increases the risk of oncology, the emergence of congenital deviations of mental activity. Therefore, when planning a pregnancy, a woman should regularly, for half a year before conception, take 200 milligrams of substances of natural (with food) or synthetic (in tablets) daily or synthetic (in pills).

The systematic flow of folic acid for 9 months to the mother's body, reduces the likelihood of premature birth by 35%.

The healthy intestinal microflora is capable of synthesize some amount of vitamin B5 alone.

Historical information

The discovery of folic acid is associated with the search for the method of treating megaloblastic anemia.

In 1931, scientists found that the addition of hepatic extracts, yeast to the diet of the patient contributes to the elimination of symptoms of illness. In the following years, research was recorded that a state similar to macrocytic anemia progresses in chimpanzees, chickens when feeding their refined food. At the same time, the pathological manifestations of the disease managed to eradicate by adding alfalfa leaf, yeast to the food, liver extracts. It was clear that these products contain an unknown factor, whose deficit in the body of experimental animals leads to a violation of blood formation.

As a result of three-year-old attempts to gain an active principle in its pure form, in 1941, scientists were identified from spinach leaves, yeast extract, liver of substances of the same nature, which were called: folic acid, vitamin BC, factor U. Over time it turned out that the compounds were identical Friend.

The period, from the discovery of a folacine before washing it in its pure form, is characterized by intensive studies of the compound, starting with the study of its structure, synthesis, ending with the definition of coenchant functions, exchange processes in which the substance takes part.

Chemical and physical properties

The composition of the vitamin connection molecule B9:

• P-aminobenzoic acid;
• derivative of pterydine;
• L-glutamic acid.

Due to the fact that the concept of "pealglutamic acid" denotes an extensive group of compounds, during the studies it caused some inconveniences, since not all categories of substances represented biological activity for living organisms, in particular for a person. Therefore, scientists decided to concretize concepts. Thus, the combination of compounds that contain the core of the pteroic acid, the Committee of the International Society assigned the name "pholate", and substances with the biological activity of tetrahydropteroylglutamic acid - the term "folacine".

Thus, the concepts of "folic" and "pteroilglutamine" group are synonyms. At the same time, folates are the chemical name of "related" connections vitamin B9.

Folic acid is a yellow small crystalline powder, there is no taste, smell. When heated, the compound leaflet is slowly dark, but not melted, the further increase in temperature to 250 degrees leads to their charring.

Vitamin B9 quickly decomposes into the light. At a temperature of 100 degrees in 100 milliliters of water, 50 milligrams of substances dissolve, at zero - one unit. Flacin is easily cleaved in caustic alkalis, poorly in dilute hydrochloric, acetic acids, air, chloroform, alcohol, acetone, benzene, organic solvents. Silver, zinc, lead salts vitamin B9 insoluble in water.

Flacin is well adsorbed by fullere earth and activated carbon.

Consider than useful folic acid:

1. Participates in the production of red blood cells, namely, in carbon exports for protein synthesis in hemoglobin.
2. Stimulates the production of hydrochloric acid in the stomach.
3. Provides the proper functioning of the nervous system (regulates the transmission of pulses, braking / excitation processes), head, spinal cord. It is part of the liquor.
4. Takes part in the synthesis of proteins, DNA and RNA, nucleic acids, as well as in the formation of purines, in particular, cell cores.
5. Stabilizes emotional background. Folic acid affects the level of production of norepinephrine and serotonin, reduces the negative impact of stress, improves the mood, helps to get rid of postpartum depression.
6. Smoothes menopacteric disorders.
7. Reduces the risk of premature births.
8. Beneficially affects the digestive system, liver health, leukocyte functionality.
9. Reduces chromosomal sperm defects, enhances the activity of male genital cells.
10. It is necessary for women and men to improve fertility. Systematic reception of high vitamin connection products helps to avoid deterioration of the reproductive function.
11. Reduces the risk of developing heart diseases, vessels, metabolic syndrome in a child. However, in the presence of heart pathologies, non-controlled intake of vitamin B9 may lead to the onset of myocardial infarction, angina.
12. Adjusts the concentration of homocysteine, due to this decreases the risk of stroke. Daily reception 5 milligrams of folacine, as a dietary supplement, has a prophylactic effect on the body.
13. Reduces the likelihood of colorectal cancer. However, as a result of a large-scale screening of the disease, scientists found that it is impossible to apply the compound for the prevention of breast oncology, since folates have a negative impact on the development of breast modified cells. Vitamin B9 plays an important role for men, regular consumption of a useful connection reduces 4 times the risk Prostate cancer development.
14. Reduces the "bad" cholesterol in blood serum.
15. Normalizes blood pressure.
16. Supports the immune system, increases the number of leukocytes.
17. Improves memory, mastering vitamins of group V.
18. Increases performance.
19. Pulls the onset of menopause, which is especially important for women.
20. Accelerates mental activity.

In addition, you should not forget about the value of folic acid for conception and tooling a healthy child. Regular admission of nutrient at the planning stages (200 micrograms per day) and during pregnancy (300-400 micrograms per day) by 70% reduces the risk of developing congenital pathologies in the embryo.

Vitamin B9 is a real panacea in cosmetology. It helps from acne, hair loss, serves as a universal means to level the skin tone, eliminate pigmentation, red spots.

Signs of Folate deficit in the body

In the event of a lack of vitamin B9, the human body loses the ability to transfer a useful nutrient to the brain, which leads to problems with vision, movement, coordination, seizures begin. At the same time, adults increase the risk of anemia, glossite, ulcerative colitis, psoriasis, gingivitis, osteoporosis, neuritis, atherosclerosis, osteoporosis (in women), stroke, infarction, and even cancer.

The connection deficit in pregnant women can harm the baby. In particular, there is a risk of having a premature child with a small weight with violations of the development of the nervous system.

Chronic lack of a compound in the body of children leads to a slowdown in general development, in adolescents - to the delay in puberty.

Characteristic symptoms of vitamin B 9 deficit in the body:

• forgetfulness;
• irritability due to insufficient generation of serotonin and norepinephrine;
• headaches;
• confusion of consciousness;
• diarrhea;
• depression;
• loss of appetite;
• apathy;
• high blood pressure;
• fatigue;
• insomnia;
• labored breathing;
• red tongue;
• hOW;
• reduction of cognitive functions;
• anxiety;
• inability to focus;
• memory problems;
• disorders of digestion due to insufficient production of hydrochloric acid;
• hair loss;
• lamination of the nail plate;
• pallor, due to the reduction of hemoglobin, which "falls" as a result of insufficient transportation of oxygen to peripheral tissues, organs;
• weakness;
• the lack of muscle mass occurs because of the poor absorption of proteins, due to the low acidity of the stomach.

The hypovitaminosis of folic acid is often observed in people with intestinal diseases, which have a suction process of useful substances. In addition, during pregnancy, breastfeeding, the need for substance increases 1.5 - 2 times.

The lack of vitamin B9 aggravates alcohol, which interferes with the folate metabolism, preventing the connection to the connection to the destination (to fabrics).

The level of folic acid in the human body is diagnosed by analyzing. 3 Folate micrograms in the serum liter of serum testifies to the lack of vitamin and the need to replenish the reserves of the useful connection.

Often signs of vitamins of B9 and B12 in the body are identical. To distinguish a lack of one compound from the other, the level of methylmalone acid (MMK) should be measured. Increased value indicates a lack of B12 in the body, normal (within the normal range) indicates a lack of folic acid.

How much to drink vitamin B9 to fill the shortcomings of the connection?

Therapeutic daily dose of folic acid depends on the severity of the manifestation of symptoms and the presence of side diseases caused by a substance deficiency. To correctly establish the norm, you should pass the survey and seek help for your doctor.

As a rule, the reception of vitamin B9 in medicinal purposes varies in the range of 400 - 1000 micrograms per day.

With megaloblastic anemia, treatment should also begin to check the level B9, B12 in the body. This is due to the fact that with the deficiency of cyanocobalamin, the addition of folic acid can not only facilitate the symptoms of the disease, but also worsen existing neurological problems.

In 80% of cases, people with an active lifestyle, lovers to sunbathe, patients with celiac and obesity, with a body mass index for 50. In addition, the B12 deficiency can lead to a lack of folates, which increases the level of homocysteine, creating a favorable soil for Development of cardiac, vascular diseases.

The lack of folate contributes to changes in the bone marrow, peripheral blood.

Consider the process of developing pathologies in detail.

Changes in peripheral blood and in the bone marrow

A characteristic feature of the emergence of megaloblastic anemia at an early stage is the formation of hyperseganized multi-core leukocytes in the blood: basophils, eosinophils, neutrophils.

As a result of the experiment, after the translating of a person on a scarce diet with folan deficiency, after 7 weeks of the subject, Pelgian-Ra Hueta anomaly appeared. Namely, an increase in the amount of heavy (threads) connecting the segments of the nucleus. Normally, this indicator is equal to one, in megaloblastic neutrophils - two or three.

In addition, pernicious anemia is accompanied by a sharp decrease in blood erythrocytes, and macrocytosis appears in the later stages of the disease.

There are cases when the insufficiency of iron is combined with the lack of folate in the body, in this situation an abnormally large red blood cells in peripheral blood may not be. The only characteristic indicators of combined anemia (iron-deficient and folic) are increased metamielocytosis in the bone marrow, hypersegmentation. Heavy stages of folate failure can lead to thrombocytopenia and leukopenia.

The typical forms of megaloblastic changes in the bone marrow are manifested in 3 sprouts: megacariocyte, myeloid, erythrocyte. Often in patients deviations affect all the degrees of maturation. At the same time, the main change in the nucleus forms of the erythrocyte series is a clearer detection of chromatin.

A typical sign of manifestation of megaloblastic anemia is considered a relatively low number of megaloblasts. With a combination of foliage failure and impaired hemoglobin synthesis, bone marrow cells may not have a change characteristic of megaloblasts.

Overdose of folic acid

Vitamin B9 has a low toxicity risk, excess compound is output with urine. However, the systematic reception of high doses of a substance (1000 and more micrograms per day) masks the effects of anemia, which, like any disease, is better to detect at the first stages of education.

Consider what side effects causes hypervitaminosis in adults:

1. Hyperplasia of the epithelial cells of the kidneys, hypertrophy.
2. Increased excitability of the CNS.
3. Reducing the concentration of cyanocobalamin in blood (in the case of long-term reception of large doses of pteroidglutamic acid).
4. Dispersion.
5. Sleep disorder.
6. Anorexia.
7. Disorders of the digestive organs (intestinal disorder).

The overdose of vitamin B9 in pregnant women can lead to asthma in a newborn.

The long-term use of folic acid Over 500 micrograms per day reduces the concentration of B12 in the blood, thus, the oversupplication of one connection causes the lack of another.

Indications for appointment and contraindications

Consider why drink Vitamin B9:

1. For prevention of anemia.
2. In the case of taking bactericidal, contraceptive, diuretic, anticonvulsants, analgesics, erythropoietin, sulfasalazine, estrogen.
3. For weight loss.
4. In order to stimulate the growth of red blood cells.
5. When poisoning with methyl alcohol, alcohol.
6. During lactation.
7. With depressive states, crown disease, mental disorders.
8. During pregnancy. Often, the question arises among women: to what period of drinking folic acid. Doctors recommend to use the connection throughout the entire period of pregnancy, in order to prevent the development of infant nervous tube defects.
9. With psoriasis.
10. Newborn with low weight (up to two kilograms).
11. In the case of the development of hypo- and avitaminosis B9, hemodialysis, gastrectomy, intermittent fever of gastrointestinal diseases (hepatic insufficiency, persistent diarrhea, gluten enteropathy, alcoholic cirrhosis, malabsorption syndrome, tropical SPRU).
12. During intensive training (especially in bodybuilding).
13. With unbalanced nutrition.
14. To strengthen hair.

Contraindications for the use of pealglutamic acid:

• malignant neoplasms;
• cobalamin deficiency;
• hemosiderosis, hemochromatosis;
• increased sensitivity (allergy) to the drug;
• pernicious anemia.

How much do you need to use vitamin B9 per day?

If it is necessary to include folic acid into the diet for children up to 3 years, enter the connection should be neatly small doses. According to the FAO / WHO expert group, the daily rate for a child from birth to 6 months is 40 micrograms, 7-12 months - 50 units, from 1 to 3 years - 70, from 4 to 12 years - 100. From 13 years old dose for Teenage and adult equals 200 micrograms per day.

However, it is worth considering that the daily rate of folic acid is purely individual. The minimum dose for an adult is 200 milligrams, the maximum - 500. During pregnancy, this indicator increases to 400 units, during breastfeeding period - up to 300.

Vitamin B9 spread in nature

Folic acid can be included in a complex of multivitamine preparations or separately. Synthetic forms of vitamin B9 are 2 times more active than natural.

What is the difference between "medicinal" and "natural" folates from products?

Interestingly, higher plants and most microorganisms are able to synthesize the folates, while, in the tissues of birds, mammals, these connections are not formed. A minor part of the pteroid monoglutamic acid was found in plant, animal cells. The main amount of folates in them is part of conjugates (di-, tri-, polyglutamates), which have additional glutamic acid molecules. They, in turn, are combined with a solid amide bond, according to peptide.

In bacteria, the predominant form of folate - pteroiditriglutamine acid containing 3 glutamate molecules in yeast - a complex with 6 particles, wearing the name of the gep taglutamate.

Often, the "connected" folacine, which is included in the food products, is represented by polyglutamats, while the "free" group (CASEI mono-, di- and triggetamates) is no more than 30%.

Which products contain folic acid Name Product-containing Vitamin B9 in micrograms (per 100 grams)

Mung beans	625
Cranberry beans	604
Agar dried	580
Nut.	557
Yeast	550
Mint curly dried	530
Lentil	479
Pink beans	463
Soy-dried	375
Basil dried	310
Wheat embryos	281
Peas	274
Coriander (kinza) dried	274
Mayran dried	274
Thyme (chamber) dried	274
Sage hammer	274
Estragon (Tarkhun) dried	274
Green Asparagus	262
Beef liver	253
Peanut	240
Chicken liver	240
Oregano (Orego) dried	237
Sunflower seeds	227
Pork liver	225
Soy protein	200
Spinach	194
Dips leaves	194
Mustard leaves	187
Bay leaf	180
Parsley dried	180
Laminaria (sea cabbage)	180
Wheat bread with bran	161
Rye toasts	148
Yolk chicken	146
Artichoke ice cream	126
Bran oatmeal	120
Parsley (Fresh)	117
Forest / Hazel	113
Cod liver	110
Beet (raw)	109
Sesame	105
Walnut	98
Wild Rice (Cycia)	95
Spirulina dried	94
Flax seeds	87
Kidney cow	83
Avocado	81
Beet (boiled)	80
Rice bran	63
Cocoa powder	45
Journey chicken egg	44
Oystered Oyshemka	38
Garnet	38
Brynza	35
Watermelon	35
Chees Feta	32
Milk dry	30
Orange	30
Buckwheat	28
Salmon	27
Champignon	25
Blackberry	25
Pomegranate juice	25
Kiwi	25
Strawberry	25
Pearl cereals	24
Corn	24
Cauliflower	23
Raspberries	21
Banana	20
Topinambur	18,5
Eggplant	18,5
A pineapple	18
Honey	15
Tomatoes	11
Lemon	9
Bulb onions	9
Potatoes	8
Milk	5

The list of products containing vitamin B9 is useful for the preparation of a balanced daily diet that provides the organism with the necessary amount of beneficial substances.

In the process of laying the menu, important nuances should be taken into account:

• when cooking vegetables, meat is destroyed by 80 - 90% of folates;
• when grilled grains - 60 - 80%;
• when roasting offal, meat - 95%;
• when freezing fruits, vegetables - 20 - 70%;
• when cooking eggs - 50%;
• when preserving vegetables - 60 - 85%;
• when pasteurization, boiling pair milk - 100%.

Thus, the culinary processing of products with a high content of folic acid leads to a partial or complete loss of a useful connection. To enrich the diet with vitamin B9, greens, vegetables, fruits should be in the raw form .. In addition, in winter, it is recommended to feed the body with food additives, vitamin complexes, which includes a daily dose of folates.

In order for the intestinal flora to better synthesize B9, it is recommended to eat yogurt daily, biocofer, preparations with bifidobacteriums.

Suction of folic acid

Consider detail the description of the absorption of Folatav.

In observations of people and experiments over the animals, it was found that Vitamin B9 adopted by Per OS (orally) is almost completely absorbed in the body as quickly as possible. With the introduction of 40 micrograms with a labeled pteroid glutamic acid per kilogram of body weight, the level of absorption of the substance in 5 hours reaches 98.5% of the administered dose. 50% of the total amount is excreted in the morning after the preparation.

The absorption of folic acid is carried out in the proximal part of the small intestine and the duodenum.

Of particular interest is the process of suction of food fouls, which are mainly contained in the form of polyglutamates, their produced (methyl, formyl).

Monoglutamates in the body are absorbed easily. In this case, the polyglutamates are absorbed by enzymes produced in the intestines (conjugase, gamma-glutamylcarboxypeptidase) solely after elimination of excess glutamic acid.

In the intestine B9, it is first reduced to tetrahydrofoliic acid (THFC) under the influence of dihydrofolatide, then methylated. In some diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (Malabsorption syndrome, children's non-infectious diarrhea, the SPRU, idiopathic steatheree) is disturbed by the absorption of folates. This leads to an absorption of a substance, the development of foliage failure, which may result in a decrease in enzyme-formative, hoc dispositive functions, destruction of the intestinal epithelium.

In the process of studying the absorption of tetrahydrofolic acid derivatives (formyl and methyl), the following is established: N-methyl-THFC is absorbed by simply diffusion without changing in the process of absorption. Upon admission to N-formyl-THFK (folin) acid into the human body, during the assimilation, it almost completely turns into methylterahydrofolate in the intestine.

After suction, the folates enter the gland of the external secretion - the liver, where they gradually accumulate, are transformed into active forms. There are about 7 - 12 milligram of this compound in the human body. At the same time, of which 5 - 7 units are concentrated directly in the liver. Some part of the folates occupy polyglutamates, of which more than 50% of folic acid derivatives are represented as methyltetrahydrofoliic acid. Scientists referred to it as a spare form of B9 liver.

Studies have shown that with the addition of pteroid glutamic acid into the diet of animals, the amount of folates in the gland increases significantly. Pholacine liver, unlike derivatives of other fabrics, very labile. The accumulated reserves of folate in the gland are capable of replenishing the useful compound in the body for 4 months, preventing the development of anemia. In addition, in the human body (intestinal mucosa, kidney mucosa) contains a certain reserve of vitamin B9.

The amount of folates in the liver is 4 times larger than in the urica organs. However, its ability to accumulate, to spend a useful connection directly depends on providing the organism with vitamins, amino acids, proteins. For example, as a result of an experiment conducted on rats, scientists found that the deficiency of cyanocobalamin (B12), methionine, biotin in the diet leads to a decrease in folates, especially polyglutamates, as well as the ability to turn them into THFC.

Do not cost to underestimate the important properties of the liver in the exchange of derivatives of folic acid. The functional state of the organ affects the level of absorption of folates, the flow of reactions with the participation of Vitamin B9 coenses. Fatty infiltration, liver cirrhosis violate its ability to accumulate, spend the connection. Often as a result of such lesions, severe disease is developing - megaloblastic anemia.

From the human body, the recycled residues of folic acid are removed with urinet, feces. At the same time, the amount of folates in the urine, in most cases, does not correspond to their flow with food. Namely, it is displayed more than coming.

Medicinal doses of vitamin B9

The best means of preventing folic failure - meals with inclusion in the daily menu of fresh vegetables, fruits. With a shortage of folates in food, it is recommended to additionally use 150 - 200 vitamin micrograms daily.

If the lack of pteroidglutamic acid is caused by a violation of the absorption of vitamin, due to the disease gastrointestinal disease, the number of compound should be increased to 500-1000 units per day. Often, this dose guarantees the assimilation of the required level of the drug. An example of this kind of shortage is a severe disease of the SPRU (Netropic, Tropical), in which the absorption of beneficial substances is sharply deteriorating, atrophy of the mucous membrane of the small intestine. The introduction into the diet of patient folic acid has a positive therapeutic effect, which contributes to the improvement of the clinical picture, facilitating the state of the person.

With complete gastrectomy and atrophy of the gastric mucosa, megaloblastic anemia is observed, due to the deficit rather than the cyanocobalamin than folates. Daily reception 200 - 500 micrograms B9, in combination with a disposable intramuscular administration of 300 - 500 micrograms B12, have a favorable therapeutic effect. To eliminate megaloblastic anemia, arising against the background of alcohol intoxication, pregnancy, infection, the patient is prescribed an increased dose of folic acid - from 500 to 1000 micrograms per day.

During the treatment of leukemia antagonists of vitamin B9, there is a violation of the absorption of folates. These substances block the conversion of a useful connection to active tetrahydroform. As a result, long use of drugs cause severe complications, represents a potential threat to human life. For the treatment of patients, the active forms of folates are used: injections of N5-formyl-THFC (300 micrograms per day). In case of violation of the formation of the enzyme dihydropholatetase, it is recommended to use folinic acid.

Consider how to drink folic acid with specific diseases (testimony for use):

1. Aphtose Stomatitis. The deficiency in the organism of micronutrients, vitamins (iron, B9, B12) participating in hemopoiesze leads to the formation of cracks on lips and ulcers on the mucous membrane of the mouth (AFTU). To eliminate the disease, it is recommended to take 3 times a day 500 micrograms of folic acid and 1000 units of iron glycinet. The duration of treatment depends on the severity of the ailment and varies from 120 to 180 days. Throughout this period, once a month, the patient should make injections of 100 micrograms of cyanocobalamin. In the process of treatment, it is important to monitor the level of vitamin B12 in the blood.
2. Atherosclerosis. The daily reception of 500 folic acid micrograms for 14 days (with a further transition to 100 units) binds "bad" cholesterol in the intestines, strengthens the walls of the vessels, turns the amino acid included in the homocysteine \u200b\u200bin methionine, preventing the body sealing of the body. Compliance with diet, refusal to take alcoholic beverages, conducting a healthy lifestyle, regular use of folate, as part of a group of vitamin complex B, leads to an improvement in the health of the patient and complete recovery.
3. Gingivitis and periodontitis. To remove the gum inflammation, the folic acid should be used orally at 100 micrograms per day. At the same time, it is necessary to add treatment with a daily rinse of the oral cavity with a 1% vitamin solution in the morning and in the evening. The course of therapy is 2 months.
4. Viral hepatitis. Vitamin M (B9), in the treatment of inflammation of the liver tissue, is used as an auxiliary drug. The recommended supporting dose for the first 10 days of therapy is 1500 micrograms per day (500 units in the morning, at lunch, in the evening), then it decreases to one-time reception of 500 units during the day.
5. Osteochondrosis. Folates take part in the formation of a frame of collagen, on which, in turn, calcium salts accumulate. Without a "bonding" substance, the bone does not gain the required strength. The use of vitamin B9 enhances the effectiveness of the main operating components (muscle relaxants of the central exposure, anti-inflammatory drugs, analgesics). Folates affect generative processes occurring in joints, creating favorable conditions for accelerated tissue regeneration. Due to this, the educated inflammatory process between the vertebrae is suppressed. How to take: before or after meals? The recommended dosage of folic acid in the treatment of osteochondrosis is 500 micrograms per day, pyridoxine - 50, vitamins in a complex (for example, neuromulititis, ping) - 50. Tablets B9 take immediately after the meal, drinking with a small amount of water (100 milliliters).
6. Spasm colon. The characteristic symptoms of the disease - the bloating, colic, alternation of confusion and diarrhea. For suppression of spasms, the patient introduces 1000 micrograms of folic acid per day. If after 2-3 weeks, progress is not observed, for therapeutic purposes, the dose increases to 2000 - 6000, until the patient's condition improves. After the occurrence of the positive effect (remission of the disease), the consumption of vitamin is gradually reduced to 500 micrograms. Simultaneously with Taking B9, vitamins of the B-complex of 10,000 micrograms per day should be used. Throughout the therapy, it is necessary to systematically check the level of cyanocobalamin.
7. Epilepsy. After the appearance of a convulsive attack, the amount of folates in the brain drops to a critical value. In addition, its concentration in the blood plasma reduces anti-kvulsants. As a result, the deficiency of B9 causes side effects - the participation of attacks. To reduce the risk of frequent seizures, specialists are prescribed to use 500 folate micrograms per day.

Remember, regardless of the type of disease, the therapeutic dose of vitamin B9 depends on the state of the patient and is chosen individually to the attending physician.

Folic acid in cancer

During the research of the useful properties of vitamin B9, it was revealed that the connection warns the development of oncology. However, if the disease has already begun, it is prohibited to take the drug. Otherwise, folates spur the process of dividing cancer cells.

Instructions for the use of the drug in the treatment of malignant tumor

First of all, medicines that inhibit folic acid activity, in particular, methotrexate are used. The benefits of this drug lies in the fact that it slows down the process of increasing the tumor.

To eliminate and prevent disorders of metabolism, patients prescribe folinic acid - an analogue of vitamin B9.

Where is it contained?

Drug leukovorin is successfully used by specialists in chemotherapy oncological diseases. The drug eliminates the severity of intoxication (damage to bone marrow fabric, vomiting, diarrhea, hyperthermia), which manifests itself after taking cytostatic drugs.

Given the fact that the risk of developing cancer in the elderly 2 - 3 times higher than that of young people, to use the pholta pensioners without recommendation of the doctor is not recommended.

At the end of the 20th century, scientists in the United States conducted a number of studies for the identification of the dependence between the progression of the tumor of the large intestine and the intake of vitamin B9. As a result of the information collected, the specialists concluded that in 75% of cases of digestive organ cancer, if the prophylactic doses of folic acid systematically use (200-400 micrograms per day).

Moreover, the tumor met in people who regularly took vitamin complexes for 10 years.

Vitamin B9 and male health

Folic acid is needed not only for children up to a year, women to get pregnant and endure a child, but also to men. Chronic nutritional deficiency in the body of a strong gender increases the risk of developing megaloblastic anemia, as well as pathologies from the sexual system, up to infertility. The daily intake of vitamin B9 in the therapeutic dose completely eliminates these complications.

The main indicator of male health is the state of spermatozoa. So, nucleic acids and protein are needed for the synthesis of germ cells. The lack of folates leads to a violation of the production, deterioration of the state, a decrease in the concentration and mobility of spermatozoa. In addition, the deficiency of the vitamin compound may cause the formation of an improper amount of chromosomes in the seed fluid, which can lead to the emergence of hereditary diseases in a child (for example, Down syndrome).

Why do you need folic acid in a male organism?

Hormone Testosterone, Vitamin B9 causes the correct development of sperm. A particularly important role of folates play in the pubertal period, when the intensive process of the development of sexual signs begins (the appearance of hair on the face, body, cutting of the voice, intense growth).

The interaction of folic acid and medical drugs

Consider compatibility of vitamin B9 with other nutrients, drugs:

1. Corticosteroid hormones wash folates from the body. At the same time take these drugs is not recommended.
2. Vitamin C, B12 enhance the effect of folic acid.
3. Nitrofuran drugs violate the exchange of a peerilglutamine compound.
4. High doses of aspirin reduce the level of folates in the body.
5. Antimetabolites, sulfonamides, alcohol-containing drugs, anti-hyperlipidemic drugs worsen the absorption of vitamin B9.
6. Estrogenance therapy, taking anti-tuberculosis, anti-epileptic means (Derivatives of Gidantoin, Barbiturates) causes a strong shortage of folates.

Thus, folic acid is a vital nutrient, which is a starter, the controller of the synthesis of amino acids DNA, RNA and proteins, is involved in the construction of cells. The human body does not produce vitamin B9 in sufficient quantities. Therefore, to meet the need for the connection, it mines it from food.

Given the fact that folates have rapid metabolism, they practically do not accumulate in the body, and quickly output from then, urine.

Normally, the concentration of pteroid glutamic acid in the blood plasma is 7.0 - 39.7 nano liter. For the normal intrauterine development of the fetus, the minimum level of substance in the mother's body should not be lower than 10 nano liter.

To satisfy the daily need of the body in vitamin, you need to saturate the diet with products rich in B9 or additionally use folic acid preparations with a prophylactic dose of the compound. These include: Folazin, Folio, Vitrum Prenatal, Mantna, Elevit, Prognavit, Multi-Tab Pirinal. In the absence of folate deficit in the body, no additional adoption is required.

foodAndhealth.ru.

High folic acid consumption prevents the body to deal with cancer

January 18, 2016 at 14:11

Many are well aware of how important folic acid for pregnant women is - it helps prevent violations of the development of the nervous system in the fetus. But a new study shows that excessive consumption of the vitamins of the group B (to which folic acid belongs is also vitamin B9) can lead to negative changes in the immune system, reducing the body's ability to fight cancer.

Folic acid is contained in products such as green and leaf vegetables, legumes, eggs, cereals, fish. The body uses it daily to create new healthy cells, so each person constantly needs folic acid.

According to scientists, some people use too large amounts of folic acid (including in biologically active additives), which exceed the maximum permissible figure of 1,000 μg per day.

During previous studies, it was already shown that excessive amounts of folic acid lead to a decrease in immune defense. This time, scientists decided to figure out which negative effects can cause an excess of this vitamin in the immune system.

With age, the immune system is weakening

For research, scientists used older mice. Natural killers (NK) are observed object, is a kind of immune cells, they are vital to protect the organism from viral infections and cancer. Natural killers are able to detect infected cells and attack them.

The violation of the NK cell function can lead to an increase in disease vulnerabilities. In the elderly, these cells are particularly important, since the immune system is weakened with age, and the body becomes more defenseless before infections and cancer.

As an indicator of immune functions in the elderly, scientists used the cytotoxicity of NK cells - their ability to destroy other cells.

During the study, mice from the control group were given folic acid in an amount equivalent to the daily daily rate for a person. Other mice obtained vitamin at a dose, which is 20 times more recommended daily rate.

Scientists noted that a person never happens such a strong overdose, but the body of mice utilizes folic acid much faster, therefore such high doses were taken to study.

The causal relationship between excessive folic acid consumption and a decrease in NK cell activity

The results of the study showed that the mice were given by elevated doses of vitamin, had higher concentrations of non-discovered folic acid in the blood plasma, as well as in the spleen, compared with mice from the control group.

In addition, in mice from the observation group decreased activity of natural killers. According to researchers, this proves the causal relationship between excessive folic acid consumption and a decrease in NK cell activity in the elderly mice.

Now, when scientists have discovered the effect of excessive folic acid consumption to the work of immunity, it is necessary to figure out how this affects susceptibility to infections.

"In cases where the increase in NK cells to combat infections may be required to revise the use of folic acid. Elderly people should take biologically active additives only when Folate deficiency in the body has been proven. "

Earlier, in 2005, scientists found that 78% of healthy women in postmenopausal in blood plasma contains non-destructive folic acid, which indicates its redundant consumption. They also had a lower activity of NK cells.

This study once again shows how ambiguous the role of various vitamins and biologically active additives as means of preventing cancer and supplement to antitumor treatment. In the European clinic, you can take screening and get a consultation oncologist.

Folic acid, one of the vitamins of the group B, before nothing stand out among his vitamins. But in the last two or three years, she has become a real calm outrage. It is a disadvantage in the body of a Folate's human body (this acid is so also called) now the emergence of the main disease of civilization (atherosclerosis) and several severe innate defects are explained.

The administration of food control and drugs and drugs recently published an application for the possible connection of Down syndrome with a lack of folic acid in the mother's body.

Down syndrome is a severe genetic disease in which the child receives an extra 21 chromosome from his parents. For this, children pay dememorability, slow motion and other congenital vices. Down syndrome is occupied by about one of the seven of the newborn. According to the biochemistry of Jill James, in mothers who give birth to such children, enzymes involved in the transformation of folic acid differ from normal.

With a lack of folate, such heavy defects are also associated with an anencephalia (lack of or strong underdevelopment of the brain) and the spinal cleft, in which the spinal cord is partially not covered. In the first disease, children are born dead or incapable of life, with the second - appear on heavy disabled people with paralysis and violations of pelvic functions. True, there are also light variants of the disease - various spinal curvatures.

Today in the most respectable medical journals, many articles about the theory of homocysteine \u200b\u200borigin of atherosclerosis are printed. The natural compound of homocysteine \u200b\u200bmakes the inner surface of the vessels more loose, "SHASHAVA". On such a surface, cholesterol and calcium are minimized, which form an atherosclerotic plaque. But, unlike cholesterol, homocysteine \u200b\u200bis not contained in products. It is formed in our body, lives very not long, as it is quickly destroyed. And it occurs in two ways: or with the help of folic acid and vitamin B12, or with the participation of vitamin B6. Now, imagine that the vitamins in the body lacks. Homocysteine \u200b\u200bis destroyed slowly, time to harm vessels. In this essence of the homocysteine \u200b\u200btheory of atherosclerosis. It is estimated that if it is confirmed, Folic Acid will save more than 50 thousand lives every year.

general information

On the benefits of folic acid (vitamin B9), people know a long time ago, but in the past 10 years, doctors have become actively promoting prophylactic folic acid reception courses for pregnant women and suffering from iron deficiency. Folic acid takes part in the metabolism, in the production of DNA, plays an important role in the synthesis of immune blood cells, normalizes the function of the digestive tract. For pregnant women, folic acid is essential because it plays an important role in the development of the nervous tube of the fetus. At the normal level of vitamin B9, the likelihood of malformations in the fetus is significantly reduced. In addition, it is necessary for the normal growth and development of the placenta.

History opening

In 1926, the microbiologist V. Efremov discovered in pregnant women a specific form of Malokrovia - Megaloblastic anemia. Then the vitigiousness has developed rapidly, many scientists conducted research in this area of \u200b\u200bknowledge. Most of all appeared on the food factor. Efremov accurately determined the presence of a certain anti-diamemine factor in the liver tissue - in patients who received food from the liver, significant improvements were observed. In 1932, the British Wils Doctor, who worked in India for many years, found that some pregnant women suffering from megaloblastic anemia did not have an improvement in the use of purified liver cell extract. However, these women were fully recovered after eating a crude extract. From here Wils concluded that when purified, some important factor caused by recovery was destroyed. This substance was soon allocated and received the name - the Wils factor. It was later called Vitamin M. In 1941, it was found that the leaves of spinach and parsley are rich in this substance - therefore it was renamed to folic acid (translated from the Latin Folium list).

Mechanism of action

Finding into the body, Vitamin B9 turns into tetrahydrofolate, which serves as a component of many enzymes, and also participates in a number of biochemical reactions, such as protein exchange. As a result, the organism is synthesized for the formation of amino acid proteins, epinephrine and some other factors. Also, Vitamin B9 has an effect similar to estrogen - determines the correct development of the reproductive system of the woman. It is well known that the first and most important phase of dividing any cell is dividing the DNA molecule. It is in the process of replication DNA Vitamin B9 takes an active part. In addition, it plays an important role in the process of RNA synthesis, amino acids, improves iron absorption. Therefore, the lack of folic acid is primarily dangerous for rapidly divided cells. The mood also depends on the level of folic acid. It takes part in the metabolism of such neurotransmitters as serotonin and adrenaline, which have a significant impact on the work of the nervous system. Folic acid stimulates appetite and takes part in the release of hydrochloric acid in the stomach.

Folic acid need

In the liver of a person, a certain amount of folacine is usually contained, which can prevent hypovitaminosis within 3-6 months. The organism of an adult needs 0.4 mg of folic acid per day, during pregnancy and during lactation - 0.4-0.6 mg, the child of the 1st year of life is 0.04-0.06 mg. In the normal state of the intestinal flora, Vitamin B9 can be made endogenously.

Folic acid and pregnancy

Daily maintenance of a normal level of folic acid a few months before pregnancy helps to reduce the risk of congenital malformations of the fetus. Clinical studies have demonstrated that 80% of cases of malformations can be warned if the woman starts to replenish the lack of vitamin B9 before pregnancy. In the Russian Federation it is assumed that the need for pregnant women without symptoms of the lack of this micronutrient is 0.4 mg per day. In the period of breastfeeding, the need is 0.6 mg per day. During pregnancy, the body of a woman consumes much more folic acid than before pregnancy. Vitamin B9 is not postponed about the reserve, so it is important to get it daily from external sources. It is very important to maintain the necessary level of folic acid in the first trimester when the nervous system of the fetus develops. The most important role of vitamin B9 for the fetus is the development of the nervous tube. It also takes part in the update and mitosis of the cells of the mother's organism, in particular cells of the internal organs that must be constantly updated. Already in the second week of pregnancy, the embryo begins to actively develop a brain. It is at that time that even a short vitamin B9 deficiency threatens serious, often irreparable consequences.

Since this micronutrient is needed in the mitosis process, which is extremely important for rapidly divided and developing cells (to them, first of all, neurons and other cells of nervous tissue include, its lack, first of all, affects the developing nervous system. Folic acid is involved in the production of basic blood cells (erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets), which is important both for the body of the mother and for the fetus. For the normal course of pregnancy, maintaining the health of women and the fetus, doctors are recommended to start receiving folic acid in the form of tablets for another 2-3 months before the planned pregnancy, and continue until childbirth. When using vitamin B9, it is necessary to adhere to the doses recommended by the attending physician, since the excess of this micronutrient is also dangerous as its deficit. Postpartum depression, apathy, strength decay leads to a decrease in the number of breast milk. The deficiency of folic acid during the lactation period leads to its insufficient concentration in milk and, in subsequent, to its insufficient consumption by the child. With a lack of vitamin B9 in the first years of life, a child may have anemia, an insufficient mass set, psychomotor inhibition, immunity weakness, intestinal impairment. Vitamin B9 is the only micronutrient whose role in pregnancy does not even undertake opponents of synthetic vitamin preparations and general medicines. Therefore, even if you avoid any drugs during pregnancy, do not refuse Vitamin B9, at least for prevention purposes, it will save you and your child from a variety of unjustified risks. Although sometimes you should compare the dosage appointed by the doctor with the needs of the body in folic acid.

Folic acid deficiency and its consequences

With thermal processing of food, a loss of up to 90% of vitamin B9 is possible, which is part of the raw products. For example, with frying meat, up to 95% vitamin B9 is destroyed, during cooking meat and products of plant origin - from 70 to 90%, during the cooking eggs - about half. Vitamin B9 deficiency can develop due to its low content in the diet, the absorption of micronutrients in the intestine, or with an increase in the need for this substance (pregnancy, lactation period). The common cause of this hypovitaminosis is the regular use of alcoholic beverages. The lack of folic acid is the most common symptom in pregnant women and children of the first year of life. The lack of vitamin B9 in the fetus develops as a result of its lack in the mother's body, and in infants - due to insufficient maintenance in breast milk. The deficiency of folic acid in the body of a pregnant woman can serve as a factor in a number of serious disorders: unbearable of the fetus; discontinuation of the placenta; miscarriage; congenital malformations; mental retardation; Pulk development of the nervous tube; hydrocephalus; anencephalia; brain hernia; Spinal cleavage (in the fetus); the defects of the circulatory system; hunger lip or wolf mouth; Gestosis; anemia. Symptoms of the lack of vitamin B9 can manifest itself in 8-30 days, depending on the diet. The first symptoms of this hypovitaminosis - the decline, nervousness and poor appetite. We should not forget about the replenishment of vitamin B 9 deficiency during breastfeeding, since the body supports the necessary level of this vitamin in milk even to the detriment of itself. Therefore, with a lack of folic acid in the diet of a nursing mother, the above symptoms often arise, which strengthen the postpartum depression. The lack of vitamin B9 is not always accompanied by obvious symptoms. At the same time, according to the results of studies, a lack of folic acid is present in 20-100% of people, depending on the place of residence. This is one of the most common hypovitaminosis. However, even in the lack of certain clinical symptoms, the likelihood of a heart attack and stroke increases significantly, immunity falls. Folic acid deficiency often leads to the development of pernicious anemia in premature children. The growth of Vitamin B9 needs with a number of pathologies: leukemia, hemolytic anemia, chronic infectious diseases, carcanosis. First of all, the lack of vitamin B9 develops megaloblastic anemia. At the same time, the Type of Malokrovia not only falls the content of erythrocytes in the blood, but also their activities are disturbed, since most of them do not ripen in the bone marrow. If not to fill the lack of folic acid, such symptoms are developing as a decrease in appetite, nervousness, decay of forces. Later vomiting, diarrhea, alopecia joined. Morphological skin disorders are possible, the appearance of ulcers in the oral cavity and a sip. If you do not proceed to treatment in time, megaloblastic anemia can lead to death. In recent years, a number of clinical trials have been carried out, as a result of which it was established that vitamin B 9 deficiency, violating the metabolism of sulfur amino acids, leads to a delay in the blood of the amino acid of homocysteine. Homocysteine \u200b\u200bhas a negative impact on the intimidation of the vessels, which leads to the appearance of atherosclerotic plaques and increases the risk of heart attacks and strokes. Vibrant Vitamin B9 absorption may occur during the diseases of the stomach, gastroectomy, when the body is lacking a deficit of anti-anemic factors (Castale factors) synthesized in the stomach. Folic acid can only be bored with anti-diamemine factors, respectively, with their deficiency, the level of folic acid in the blood drops. In addition to folic acid, the Castle factor carries the cyanocobalamine into the blood. Therefore, the prolonged reception of vitamin B9 drugs in an increased dosage can lead to a shortage of cyanocobalamin. Also lack of vitamin B9 is observed with heavy liver pathologies. It is in the liver that vitamin is transformed into tetrahydrofolate, which takes part in biochemical reactions. Folic acid in primary form is useless for the body. If the body has a deficiency of vitamin B9, the work of the hematopoease system can be disturbed: the erythrocytes are dissolved, and defective cells are ejected into the blood, which are not capable of transporting oxygen. This is one of the reasons for the malformation of the nervous system in the fetus, since neurons cannot fully grow and develop under hypoxia. Together with erythrocytes, the synthesis of leukocytes and platelets is disturbed, which can provoke a decrease in immunity and disrupt blood intake. In pregnant women, vitamin B9 deficiency may be accompanied by iron deficiency. It increases the risk for both the mother and for the child. Vitamin B9 deficiency can develop with a lack of vitamins in the diet, starvation, compliance with unbalanced diets for weight loss. However, the most common factor in the lack of vitamin B9 - dysbacteriosis. Dysbacteriosis develops as a result of prolonged, often uncontrolled reception of antibiotic drugs, incl. No appointment of a doctor. In the United States, the law acts, according to which the manufacturer is obliged to add a certain amount of vitamin B9 in flour, in order to prevent the lack of this substance in consumers. In the US, the preventive dose of vitamin B9 is two times higher than in the Russian Federation.

Folee products containing folic acid

Vitamin B9 is part of all tissues of man, animal, plants and microorganisms. The human body is not capable of producing folic acid. Therefore, it turns out from food, or is made by the microflora of the colon. Therefore, in disruption of intestinal functions or dysbacteriosis, vitamin B9 production may be insufficient. Such situations require an additional source of this micronutrient.

Vitamin B9 is contained in large quantities in vegetable food: spinach, onions, dill, parsley, beans, peas, buckwheat, oats, bran, bananas, walnut, grapefruit, kuraga, melon, yeast, pumpkin, mushrooms, beets, turnips, etc. Also, the source of folic acid is meat and animal products: beef, lamb, pork, liver, kidneys, birds, milk, eggs, trout, perch, cheese, etc. The plate of cereal porridge with milk and a glass of orange Freasha fill 50% daily The needs of the body in Vitamin B9. The use of bifidobacteria stimulates the endogenous formation of folic acid in the intestine. Vitamin B9 is quite quickly disintegrating under the influence of sunlight and simply with long-term storage of food, as well as in the temperature processing of products. Foliatic acid contained in vegetable food is destroyed faster. Folic acid in meat is more stable. Therefore, to preserve vitamin in products, it is recommended to consume raw products. Vegetables are best consumed in the form of raw salads. In such a salad, it is best to add a garden cabbage, parsley, dill, beet leaves, mint or dandelion. It is also useful to add young nettle to salad. From the juice of Lushcha to drink orange and tomato - they contain the most folic acid. Among meat products, the most folic acid is contained in the liver. The liver can be slightly frying and notably cook - with vitamin B9, which is part of its composition, is not destroyed.

Drugs containing folic acid

Folic acid tablets are the most convenient dosage form for dosing (one tablet contains 1 mg of substance). In addition, today it is the most economical option. To fully fill the deficit of a pregnant woman in vitamin B9, it is enough to use 1 tablet per day. However, given the prevalence of folic acid deficiency, which may not appear externally, 2-3 months before pregnancy and in the first trimester you can take 2-3 tablets per day. Such a dosage is recommended by doctors, since an overdose from such a quantity is impossible, and the consequences of the lack of folic acid are extremely dangerous. In this situation, doctors resort to justified reinsurance. Folic acid is produced in the form of a drug of folacine. In one tablet of the drug contains 5 mg vitamin B9. It is much more daily norm even for a pregnant woman. Excess folic acid does not have a positive or negative effect, but simply excreted from the body.

1 Apot-folka tablet also contains 5 mg vitamin B9. Considering the increased maintenance of the substance in the tablet, folacine and the apo folik apply only with acute and heavy vitamin deficiency. In order to prevent these drugs are not recommended. In one tablet, the drug folio contains 0.4 mg of vitamin B9 and 0.2 mg of iodine. The advantage of this dosage form is that it contains two micronutrients, so there is no need for an additional use of iodine preparations. The dose of vitamin B9 in one tablet is low, so it is recommended as a preventive preparation. Folio is not appointed with an acute deficit or with an increased need for folic acid. Vitamin B9 is part of the polyvitamin preparations for pregnant women. The content of folic acid in one tablet of each drug - Miscellaneous: Mantna - 1 mg; Elevit - 1 mg; Vitrum Prenatal - 0.8 mg Vitrum Prenatal Forte - 0.8 mg Multi-Tab perinatal - 0.4 mg Print - 0.75 mg. In all complexes there is a prophylactic dose, so the dosage of vitamin B9 should be calculated taking into account its content in the vitamin complex. At a normal level of folic acid in the body, there is no need for its preparations if a pregnant woman already accepts any multivitamin complexes. Vitamin B9 is absorbed significantly better from drugs than from food. In addition to pharmaceutical preparations, folic acid can be obtained from biologically active additives.

Indications

Folic acid is shown in the following states: folio-effective anemia; drug anemia; radiation anemia; anemia as a complication after gastroectomy; SPRA (tropical diarrhea); chronic intestinal inflammation; intestinal tuberculosis; pregnancy; lactation period; Vitamin B9 deficiency. The reception of the drug in therapeutic doses (exceeding the daily need) is shown in two cases: if pronounced signs of folic acid deficiency are observed (in this case, the dosage is calculated by the attending physician individually); If there are factors that increase the need for vitamin B9, or stimulating it from the body. Cases under which the therapeutic doses of the drug are needed: the use of combined oral contraceptives before conception; consumption of maalox or phosphhalugel; acceptance of anticonvulsants during the planning period and during pregnancy; Protein diet before conception; lack of plant food in nutrition; violation of the digestive tract; vomiting during pregnancy. Folic acid is used in the treatment of tropical diarrhea (SPRA). SPRA is the progressive inflammation of the small intestine, accompanied by diarrhea, disruption of intestinal absorption, dystrophic state, symptoms of megaloblastic anemia, impaired of the functions of endocrine glands and the progressive calcium deficiency. The main factors causing tropical diarrhea: infection, avitaminosis, protein deficiency in the diet in the excess of saccharides. With this pathology, vitamin B9 takes 5 mg per day in order to normalize the process of erythrocyte synthesis. Clinical trials demonstrated that Vitamin B9 can have a positive effect in the prevention of Alzheimer's disease. In persons with this pathology, as a rule, the content of folic acid and cyanocobalamin is reduced.

Method of application and dose

If a woman has any of the above factors, then in the period of pregnancy planning and in the first trimester, it is necessary to consume 2-3 mg vitamin B9 per day. Also, the reception of the drug in increased dosage is necessary at a high probability of violation of the development of the nervous tube. Such a risk is present in women with epilepsy, diabetes, as well as in the presence of such violations in relatives in a straight line. The need for folic acid during pregnancy - 0.4 - 0.8 mg per day. However, with a deficient state, the dosage increases significantly in order to compensate for the lack of vitamin. The neural tube of the embryo begins to develop on the 3-5 week of pregnancy. At this time, a woman may not know about pregnancy, and not to pass a timely rate for compensation for folic acid deficiency. Therefore, Vitamin B9 must be taken another 1-3 months to the expected pregnancy. It is most important to maintain the necessary level of folic acid in the first trimester. Folic acid must be taken during lactation in an amount of 0.3 mg per day (it is possible in the form of a multivitamin complex). This serves as a prophylactic course for both mom and baby. If you use a drug in elevated doses (for example, 1 mg), then the extra vitamin amount is simply excreted from the body of a woman, without harming neither to her nor the baby. It is important to observe the regularity in the use of vitamin B9. However, given the fact that in any drug contains a dose that exceeds the daily need in vitamin, the pass of one reception should not cause anxiety. Below are the recommendations on the reception of vitamin B9 drugs at various diseases: atherosclerosis. 5 mg vitamin B9 per day for two weeks, then 1 mg. It is recommended to use in the form of a vitamin complex of the B-Group. Aphtose Stomatitis. As a rule, AFTs (ulcers on the mucous membrane) appear together with cracks on the lips with a shortage of vitamins and micronutrients participating in hemopoiessee. Among them: Vitamin B9, iron and cyanocobalamin. The recommended dosage is 5 mg of vitamin B9 3 times a day and 10 mg of iron glycinat for 120-180 days. Once in 30 days to make injections of cyanocobalamin - 1 mg. In the course of treatment, it is necessary to regularly check the level of cyanocobalamin. Viral hepatitis. Folic acid is used as auxiliary. It is recommended to take 5 mg 3 times a day for 10 days, then 5 mg times per day. Gingivitis and periodontitis. Take orally 1 mg vitamin B9 times a day, to make rinsing of the oral cavity 2 times a day for one minute with a 1% vitamin solution for 60-70 days. Depression. It is often observed in individuals with a deficiency of folic acid. Admission of 2-5 mg every day in a complex with vitamins B-Group. Osteochondrosis. Vitamin B9 is involved in the formation of the collagen framework, which accumulates calcium salt. Without a collagen frame, the bone does not acquire the necessary strength. Recommended dosage - once a day of 5 mg vitamin B9, 50 mg of vitamin B6, 50 mg of vitamins in the complex. Tough intestinal tumor. If any of your relatives in a straight line sought this oncological disease, it is strongly recommended to take 1-5 mg of vitamin B9 and 100 mg of vitamins in the complex. Spasm colon. It is manifested in the form of alternating conservation and diarrhea, colic and bloating. The lack of vitamin B9 may result in chronic confusion, which leads to a colon spasm. It is necessary to start with 10 mg of vitamin once a day. If 15-20 days of progress is not observed, it is necessary to increase the dose to 20-60 mg per day before the occurrence of a positive effect. Next, the dosage is gradually reduced. At the same time, it is recommended to take 1 time per day at 0.1 g of vitamins in the complex. During the course, it is necessary to regularly check the level of cyanocobalamin. In the diet, it is recommended to include oat bran containing water-soluble fiber. Wheat bran in this case are not suitable, since their fiber is insoluble. Epilepsy. After an attack of epilepsy, the level of vitamin B9 in the brain is reduced. Anticonvulsants also reduce its blood plasma concentration. As a result, attacks are rapidly. Usually, when epilepsy is assigned 5 mg times per day. However, take the drug only after consulting with the doctor.

Overdose

Overdose happens very rarely. For this, the body should receive hundreds of times larger than the required amount of folic acid (20-30 mg). With a minor exceeding the required amount of the drug, excess of folic acid is derived, without having no harm to the body. At the same time, as any medication, vitamin B9 drugs can cause allergies. A serious minus of prolonged reception of vitamin B9 drugs is that it hides the symptoms of megaloblastic anemia, but does not stop neurological disorders characteristic of this disease. Therefore, with prolonged reception of vitamin B drugs, it is possible a hidden progression of heavy neurological disorders due to the lack of cyanocobalamin. Just 10 years ago it was considered that the overdose of this micronutrient does not happen. However, studies are now known, which indicate that pregnant women who have long used vitamin B9 drugs in high dosage, children with a weak immunity are born, a tendency to bronchial asthma and colds.

Hypervitaminosis

Increased doses of vitamin B9 can provoke a dyspepsia from a child or increased excitability. Prolonged use of vitamin in increased dosage is not recommended, as this may lead to a drop in the blood content of cyanocobalamin.

Side effects

Depending on individual tolerability, folic acid preparations can cause allergic manifestations, bronchial spasm, leather redness, hyperthermia, rash. Vitamin B9 does not have toxic impact on the human body. Clinical studies were conducted on the long-term use of vitamin B9 in the dosage of 15 mg per day (40 times higher than the daily need of the body). According to the results of studies, the drug did not have any toxic effect. However, the prolonged reception (more than 90 days) vitamin B9 in an increased dosage can lead to a drop in the level of cyanocobalamin in the blood, which can provoke anemia. Increased doses of vitamin can provoke disorders of the digestive tract, increase excitability, cause imbalance in the work of the kidneys. No negative effects of folic acid on genetic material in doses used in the Russian Federation are not registered.

Interaction

Some drugs reduce the effect of folic acid preparations, stimulating their excretion from the body. Among them: painkillers; anticonvulsants; antacids; cholestyramine; sulfonamides; antibiotic drugs; Cytostatic drugs. Some medicines can affect the absorption, removal and accumulation of vitamin B9 in the body. Folic acid is recommended to combine with the preparations of cyanocobalamin and ascorbic acid. The use of bifidobacteria stimulates the production of vitamin B9 in the intestine. Some drugs reduce the content of vitamin B9 in the blood plasma. Among them: acetylsalicylic acid (in high dosage); nitrofurans (taken with urinary tract infections); Combined oral contraceptives; glucocorticoids.

Folic acid and male health

Vitamin B9 is necessary for both women and men. In the chronic shortage of vitamin, men can develop a number of pathologies, including infertility and megaloblastic anemia. The technique of folic acid in the therapeutic dosage excludes such complications. The main indicator of male health is considered to be the state of sperm. Sperm - these are the same cells, protein and nucleic acids are needed for their synthesis. In the absence of vitamin B9, the synthesis of spermatozoa is broken. With a lack of vitamin, the concentration of spermatozoa decreases, and their condition deteriorates: spermatozoa can have an unnatural shape or not to have a tail, which reduces their mobility. But the worst thing is that in such spermatozoids there may be an irregular number of chromosomes, and this is the main factor in hereditary diseases in children (for example. Down syndrome). Vitamin B9 and hormone testosterone cause the normal development of spermatozoa. Folic acid is extremely important for men in the pubertal period, since it is one of the factors for the development of secondary sexual signs (voices flaking, vegetation on face and body, intense growth).

Folic acid in the treatment and prevention of oncological diseases

Vitamin B9 warns oncological diseases. But if the disease has already begun, it is impossible to use the drug, since folic acid will contribute to division and cancer cells. In such situations, medicines are used that inhibit the activity of vitamin B9, for example, methotrexate. It slows down the magnification of the tumor. In order to prevent the metabolic disorders, the drug is prescribed, replacing vitamin B9 - folinic acid. Given the higher risk of cancer in the elderly, it is not recommended to use folic acid preparations without the recommendation of the doctor. Loveukorin is a drug-based drug based, successfully used in the composition of chemotherapy oncological diseases. It reduces the severity of intoxication after the use of cytostatic drugs (vomiting, diarrhea, hyperthermia, bone marking tissue damage). Recent studies of scientists in the United States have proven the relationship between the reception of vitamin B9 preparations and the progression of the tumors of the large intestine. Since 1980, at Harvard, a survey was organized every 2 years, in which approximately 90,000 women with children participated. Questions related to nutrition and, individually, receiving vitamin complexes. In 1994, the collected information was carefully studied for the incidence of a thick bowel cancer - a third-party cancer among women in the United States. These surveys have shown that women who have taken a sufficient amount of vitamin B9 - more than 0.4 g mg per day, less often suffered from this disease. Scientists concluded: 75% of the cases of the tumor of the large intestine in women can be avoided if they can use prophylactic doses of vitamin B9 during life. Studies allowed to take another important conclusion. Less frequently, the Tolstoy Intestinal Tumor met in women, who for the last 10-15 years regularly used the vitamin complexes.

Folic acid and prevention of atherosclerosis

Recently, doctors are increasingly inclined to the belonging that folic acid is effective in the prevention of atherosclerosis - the main factor of the disease of the cardiovascular system. Today in the West countries, the new theory of pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is popular. According to this theory, the main reason for the progression of atherosclerosis is the high level of blood not to all known cholesterol, and the other bioactive factor is homocysteine. Homocysteine \u200b\u200bis an endogenous amino acid. Under the influence of enzymes in the body, it is transformed into an indispensable fatty amino acid methionine involved in the production of protein. If the body is lacking for the corresponding enzymes, homocysteine \u200b\u200baccumulates in the blood and destroys the walls of blood vessels, causing inflammation. Cholesterol participates in this process at later stages. Supporters of the new theory argue that without homocysteine, even at an elevated level of cholesterol in the blood, atherosclerosis does not progress. What is the role of folic acid in this key? The fact is that it is it necessary for the synthesis in the organism of enzymes transforming homocysteine \u200b\u200bto methionine. Vitamin B9 deficiency causes a deficit of the corresponding enzyme. As a result, extra homocysteine \u200b\u200bis accumulated in the blood, which leads to the progression of atherosclerosis, and then to its complications - the ischemia of the heart muscle, infarction, stroke.

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