1 ampoule contains lincomycin hydrochloride in terms of lincomycin - 300 mg (0.3 g);
Excipients: disodium salt of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (Trilon B) sodium hydroxide solution 0.1 M, water for injection.
Release form
Injection.
Pharmacological group
Macrolides and lincosamides. ATC code J01F F02.
Pharmacological properties
Pharmacological. Lincomycin hydrochloride in therapeutic doses inhibits the development of gram-positive microorganisms: staphylococci, including those producing penicillinase, streptococci (including pneumococci), diphtheria corynebacteria and some anaerobes (causative agents of gas gangrene, tetanus). Lincomycin is active against microorganisms, especially staphylococci that are resistant to other antibiotics. It is also active against bacteroids and mycoplasmas.
Most gram-negative bacteria, fungi and viruses are not affected. Resistance of microorganisms to lincomycin develops slowly. However, cross-resistance to it and clindomycin has been established.
Pharmacokinetics. It is well absorbed, penetrates into various organs and tissues, including bone, as well as into the placenta. Poorly penetrates the blood-brain barrier, but permeability increases with meningitis.
After the introduction of 600 mg of lincomycin, the maximum concentration (20 μg / ml) in the serum is observed after 30 minutes, the MIC is maintained for 14 hours.
Binds to proteins by 25 - 75%.
Lincomycin is partially metabolized in the liver, excreted in the bile.
The period of napivvedeniya is 5 - 6 hours, increases with impaired liver and / or kidney function.
Indications
Lincomycin hydrochloride is used in the treatment of pyoinflammatory diseases caused by gram-positive bacteria that are sensitive to its action, and especially in the treatment of severe diseases caused by these microbes that are resistant to the action of other antibiotics.
Lincomycin hydrochloride is prescribed for acute and chronic osteomyelitis, staphylococcal and streptococcal septicemia, pneumonia (especially staphylococcal), for purulent infections of the skin and soft tissues, erysipelas, purulent pleurisy, septic complications after operations on the vessels and heart, inflammation of the middle uterus arthritis, as an additional remedy in the treatment of diphtheria.
Method of administration and dosage
Lincomycin is administered intramuscularly and intravenously. Adults - 600 mg intramuscularly 1 - 2 times a day. Intravenous drip is injected at 600 mg in 250 ml of isotonic sodium chloride or glucose solution 2 - 3 times a day (duration of infusion - at least an hour).
Children are injected intravenously (at a rate of 60-80 drops / min) at a dose of 10-20 mg / kg every 8-12 hours.The daily dose of lincomycin for children when administered is 15-30 mg / kg and is divided into two at intervals of 12 hours.
The duration of treatment is determined by the clinical course of the disease and is usually 7-14 days.
With reduced renal function, lincomycin is prescribed in a dose of 25-30% of the usual (daily dose should not exceed 1.8 g).
Side effect
With prolonged use of lincomycin, an increase in transaminase activity of blood serum is possible, nausea and vomiting can be observed candidomycosis, therefore, it is recommended that weakened patients prophylactically prescribe nystatin or levorin simultaneously with lincomycin. When treatment is discontinued, side effects usually disappear.
From the side of hematopoiesis: neutropenia, leukopenia, agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenic purpura, very rarely - aplastic anemia and pancytopenia.
On the part of the skin and mucous membranes: itching, rash, urticaria, vaginitis, in some cases - exfoliative and vesicular dermatitis.
From the liver: in isolated cases - jaundice, increased activity of serum transaminases.
Contraindications
Pregnancy (except when it is necessary for health reasons); in severely impaired liver or kidney function, the drug is used with caution in reduced doses. Lincomycin should not be used for myasthenia gravis. You should not prescribe the drug during lactation (it crosses the placenta and is excreted in breast milk), children under 1 month of age.
Overdose
In case of an overdose, there may be side effects from the gastrointestinal tract (abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea). You should provoke vomiting, wash out the stomach. No specific antidotes are known.
Application features
Lincomycin should not be administered in undiluted form as a bolus; infusion should be carried out at the rate indicated in the "Dosage and Administration" section. In case of prolonged diarrhea, the drug should be discontinued. With long-term treatment, it is necessary to periodically examine the function of the liver and kidneys, as well as the blood count. The prescription of drugs that suppress intestinal motility should be avoided. Although lincomycin penetrates into the cerebrospinal fluid during meningitis, its concentration may be insufficient, therefore, the drug should not be used to treat meningitis. Lincomycin injection should not be given to premature babies. In the case of mixed aerobic-anaerobic infections, lincomycin therapy can be combined with the use of other antimicrobial drugs.
The discovery of antibiotics has saved many lives. Some of these drugs are already outdated; new generations of drugs have come to replace them. Lincomycin is among those whose efficacy has allowed it to be used for many years.
This drug is available in several forms - in tablets, capsules, in the form of a solution for injection and ointment.
Lincomycin is convenient to use and comes in two different dosages. 1 tablet or capsule may contain 250 or 500 mg of the active substance - lincomycin hydrochloride. Starch, calcium stearate and gelatin are used as auxiliary substances.
It is effective against a variety of bacterial microorganisms, including Shigella, which causes bacterial dysentery. Reception of funds for viral, fungal and protozoan lesions is absolutely ineffective and even harmful, since it is intended to fight bacterial infections.
Indications for use
Lincomycin tablets are active against microorganisms sensitive to it, it is prescribed for the following diseases and conditions:
- Infections of the upper respiratory tract and ENT organs (, inflammation,). It is also used as an adjuvant in the treatment of diphtheria.
- Lower respiratory tract infections (in the acute stage, chronic bronchitis at the time of exacerbation of the disease, pneumonia).
- Skin and soft tissue infections (wound infection, erysipelas, furunculosis and acne, abscess, panaritium, lymphadenitis, mastitis).
- Infections of joints and bones (purulent form of arthritis, osteomyelitis).
- Bacterial disinfection.
Dosage for different ages
For children under the age of 14, lincomycin is prescribed at a dosage of 30 mg per kilogram of body weight per day. This dose should be divided into 3 to 4 doses. In severe cases, it is permissible to increase the dose to 60 mg per kg of the child's weight per day. The decision on the appointment of the drug to children and the required dosage is made exclusively by the doctor.
Adults are given 500 mg of the drug 3 times a day, maintaining equal intervals between doses (8 hours). For complex infections, the daily dose can be increased to 2 g, divided into 4 doses.
If the patient has kidney or liver problems, the dosage is reduced by a third or half and the intervals between doses are increased. To act faster and more efficiently, you do not need to eat for 1-2 hours before and after ingestion.
The doctor decides on the duration of treatment, but in severe cases it can last from 10 days to 3 weeks.
Contraindications:
- Allergic reactions and hypersensitivity to lincomycin.
- Myasthenia gravis.
- Severe kidney and liver damage.
Lincomycin tablets may cause
Like other branches of medicine, dentistry has a list of classic drugs that are used more often than others. There are some that have not yet been replaced. For this reason, Lincomycin is an indispensable remedy in dentistry, because it helps against inflamed gums, toothache and even purulent processes. For what diseases and how is it necessary to take the drug? The recommendations below will help you understand this issue.
Indications for the use of Lincomycin
The list of everything from which lincomycin is used in dentistry includes a large number of items. This medication is indicated for the following situations or illnesses:
- herpes;
- dental implantation;
- periostitis with abscesses and fistulas;
- bleeding and inflammation of the gums, teeth and their roots;
- purulent accumulations in periodontal pockets;
- severe ulcerative gingivitis;
- osteomyelitis;
- periodontal disease;
- alveolitis;
- periodontitis;
- caries.
In addition, lincomycin is used in dentistry to relieve swelling after tooth extraction or cleaning the enamel from stones. Such events often lead to inflammatory processes that require immediate treatment. Antibiotics after tooth extraction reduce the risk of such consequences, which also applies to "Lincomycin". In addition to existing diseases, the drug is used for their prevention, for example, after surgery. As an analgesic for teeth, lincomycin is used in dentistry together with lidocaine.
Instructions for use
Dental antibiotic "Lincomycin" has several forms of release, which are convenient to use for a particular dental disease:
- Ointment. In addition to treating gums, it is used in the fight against herpes to neutralize viruses and bacteria.
- Solution for injection, intramuscular and intravenous. In this form, the drug is used in difficult cases, for example, with the destruction of bone tissue.
- Tablets, capsules. It is taken orally as a pain reliever or anti-inflammatory, for example, after the extraction of a wisdom tooth.
- Patch. It is used for both dental and orthopedic or surgical purposes. The preparation itself consists of 2 layers - hydrophilic and hydrophobic. The first is resistant to moisture, and the second protects the damaged area from the ingress of hazardous substances. This form of the drug is very convenient to use - the film is glued to the place of damage for 6-8 hours, and then removed.
Lincomycin ointment
The ointment is called Lincomycin Akos. Refers to antibiotics included in the group of lincosamides. It has a bactericidal effect due to the suppression of protein synthesis in the bacterial cell. You need to apply it up to 3 times daily, spreading it in a thin layer over the sore gums or applying compresses with a soaked cotton swab. It is recommended to use it carefully for those who have been diagnosed with ringworm or other fungal skin lesions. The price of a tube with 2% ointment weighing 15 g is from 30 to 50 rubles.
Injections
Lincomycin in ampoules is administered intravenously or intramuscularly. It is indicated for more severe forms of dental disease. The package contains 5, 10 or 100 ampoules. Their price is from 50 rubles. Lincomycin hydrochloride solution is administered in the following dosage:
- intramuscularly - 600 mg for adults twice a day and 10-20 mg for children per 1 kg of weight;
- intravenously - up to 3 times daily at 600 mg, diluting 250-300 ml of glucose or sodium chloride solution.
Pills
This form of "Lincomycin" is a white-yellow capsule. Each contains 250 mg of powder. Packages are available in 10, 20 and 360 tablets. The dosage for adults should not exceed 500 mg. You need to take 3 or 4 times every day. For children from one month to 14 years old, the dose is calculated as 30-60 mg per kilogram of weight. Treatment can take 1 to 2 weeks. The exception is osteomyelitis. For him, the course of therapy lasts 3 or more weeks. It is recommended to swallow the capsule several hours before meals with plenty of water. Price from 170 rubles.
Features of the use of an antibiotic in dentistry
The difference between this drug is that its absorption depends on the amount eaten before meals. On an empty stomach, the absorption of the drug reaches 30%. For comparison, after eating, this figure decreases to 5%, and this concentration has absolutely no effect. Lincomycin is not used for inhalation anesthesia, allergic reactions, or drugs to relax the muscles. Similarly, alcohol should not be consumed during drug treatment.
After tooth extraction
Lincomycin is used in dentistry to speed up wound healing after tooth extraction and to exclude infection. Without an antibiotic, the risk of developing inflammation and swelling increases, especially if a person intensively rinsed his mouth immediately after the procedure, and the doctor did not warn about the consequences of such actions. After 2-3 days, the pain begins to increase, and the wound itself becomes inflamed. This complication is called alveolitis. To avoid it, after washing and stitching the hole, the doctor prescribes taking Lincomycin for 5 days, 1 capsule three times a day.
For toothache
When patients are allergic to penicillin, "Lincomycin" is used. The correct dosage of the drug stops the multiplication of bacteria, strengthens the enamel, eliminates the inflammatory process that causes pain. The medicine starts working 40 minutes after taking it. It is not recommended to use the drug to relieve toothache during pregnancy or lactation. Cannot be used by people with intolerance to "Lincomycin" and "Clindamycin".
For inflammation of the gums and teeth
For the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity, injections in ampoules are more often used. "Lincomycin" is effective for problems with the ligaments, with the help of which the teeth are held in their socket. In addition, the drug has a beneficial effect on the inflamed periodontal tissues. An antibiotic solution is used for serious purulent inflammations, which are characterized by damage to the jaw bones.
With flux
The peculiarity of the use of the antibiotic "Lincomycin" with a flux is that you cannot stop taking it even with some improvements. It is necessary to complete the prescribed course in order to avoid the development of gum abscess and phlegmon, shown in the photo. Together with Lincomycin, the doctor can prescribe anti-inflammatory, decongestant or pain relievers. Among these are used "Diazolin", "Diclofenac" and.
Analogs
Any medicine has more modern analogues that can be taken in case of intolerance or other restrictions:
- Ekolinkom. It is also an antibiotic of the lincosamide group. It is indicated for wound infection, osteomyelitis, sepsis. The dosage is 0.5 g 2-3 times daily 2 hours before meals. Price from 200 rubles.
- Neloren. Antibiotic of the lincomycin group. It is indicated for skin infections and soft tissue inflammation. Produced in tablets or ampoules. It is necessary to take 0.5 g up to 4 times daily before meals. Price from 80 rubles.
- Clindamycin. Refers to the lincosamide group. It is used for osteomyelitis, infectious and inflammatory diseases. The medication is taken 1 tablet at intervals of 6 hours, but no more than 4 times a day. Price from 160 rubles.
- Linkocin. The drug is from the group of antibiotics-lincosamides. The pharmacy can offer both tablets and injection. The daily dose for adults is 1.8 g. It must be divided by 3 times, i.e. to 0.6 g. Price from 100 rubles.
Drugs called Lincomycin are antibacterial medicines. Available in the form of capsules for oral administration, ointments for external use and solutions for both intramuscular and intravenous administration. Here are the instructions for using the injection form.
Lincomycin contains the main substance - lincomycin hydrochloride monohydrate. It is produced in ampoules in the form of a ready-made sterile solution for parenteral administration in two volumes:
- in ampoules, 1 ml of solution, with an active substance content of 300 mg;
- 2 ml, with a dosage of 600 mg of lincomycin in the total volume of liquid.
Manufacturers are different. Ampoules are packed in cardboard boxes of 10 pcs.
Pharmacological properties
In therapeutic concentrations, Lincomycin has a bacteriostatic effect (inhibits the growth of microorganisms sensitive to the substance). In the case of using an increased dosage, the drug exhibits a bactericidal effect and leads to the death of microorganisms. Lincomycin belongs to the group of lincosamides.
Sensitive to lincomycin:
- aerobic gram-positive bacteria: staphylococci, streptococci, corynebacteria;
- anaerobic gram-positive bacteria: clostridia, bacteroids;
- intracellular mycoplasma.
The drug is not effective against most gram-negative bacteria, fungi, viruses, protozoa. Resistance to sensitive strains develops slowly.
Cross-resistance has been reported between lincomycin and clindamycin. This means that if one of these drugs is ineffective, the other will also not cope with the infection.
After administration, the medication is distributed in various body fluids, penetrates into the bones, from mother to fetus, into breast milk. The metabolic process takes place in the liver. The medicine is excreted in the feces and urine. The duration of elimination increases in patients with impaired renal function.
Indications
Reserve antibiotic. Lincomycin injections are prescribed in the following severe infectious and inflammatory situations:
- sepsis;
- osteomyelitis;
- septic endocarditis;
- pneumonia;
- lung abscess;
- empyema of the pleura;
- wound infection.
It is prescribed by doctors in case of ineffectiveness to penicillins and other antibiotics.
Contraindications
- individual intolerance to the medication;
- ineffectiveness of clindamycin;
- the period of bearing the baby and breastfeeding.
Dosage
- Intramuscularly. Adults 500-600 mg 2 times a day, in severe cases - 3 times a day with an interval of 8 hours. For children - a daily dose of 15–30 mg per kilogram in 12 hours¹.
- The solution is injected intravenously drip. Adults - 2 ml (600 mg) diluted in 250 ml of glucose saline solution. Injections should be performed 2-3 times a day. For children under 14 years of age, the dose is calculated on the basis of the formula 10 mg per kilogram of body weight per day, every 8-12 hours².
The course of treatment is 7-10 days. In severe cases - up to 1 month. Only as directed by a doctor.
In case of liver pathologies, the interval of administration of the drug is increased. Control over the state of the organ is required.
Overdose
The state of overdose is accompanied by an increase in side effects.
Side effects
- jaundice, a significant increase in the activity of liver enzymes;
- a decrease in the number of leukocytes in the blood;
- thrombocytopenia with bleeding;
- anaphylactic shock, Quincke's edema;
- candidiasis;
- phlebitis (with intravenous administration);
- with rapid introduction into a vein: general weakness, decreased blood pressure, relaxation of skeletal muscles.
To old people
There are no restrictions.
Speed and response
Lincomycin can provoke the occurrence of various side effects (dizziness, hearing problems, rapid fatigue), which can lead to unpleasant consequences when driving.
With alcohol
There is no data.
Interaction
- the risk of developing respiratory failure and possible respiratory arrest increases with the combined use of Lincomycin with;
- medicines for diarrhea, together with Lincomycin, provoke the onset of colitis;
- the drug is not allowed to be taken together with anesthetics and muscle relaxants.
Active substance: lincomycin hydrochloride;
one capsule contains lincomycin hydrochloride, in terms of lincomycin 0.25 g; excipients: colloidal anhydrous silicon dioxide, calcium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose.
Description
Hard gelatin capsules with white body and lid; the contents of the capsules are white or almost white powder.
pharmachologic effect
Antibiotic of the lincosamide group. In therapeutic doses, it acts bacteriostatically, at high doses it has a bactericidal effect. The antibacterial mechanism is based on the principle of reversible binding of lincomycin to the 5 0S subunit of the ribosome of bacteria, which leads to disruption of the protein synthesis process and destruction of the microorganism.
The drug is active against gram-positive aerobes: Staphylococcus spp., Including strains producing penicillinase; Streptococcus spp. (including Streptococcus pneumoniae), Bacillus anthracis, Corynebacterium diphtheriae; gram-positive anaerobes: Actinomices spp., Bacteroides spp., Clostridium spp., Peptococcus spp., Peptostreptococcus spp .; intracellular pathogens Mycoplasma spp.
It has no effect on Enterococcus faecalis, gram-negative microorganisms, fungi, viruses and protozoa. Resilience develops slowly.
Pharmacokinetics
When taken orally, lincomycin hydrochloride is rapidly absorbed from the digestive tract when taken on an empty stomach. Bioavailability is 20-40% of the dose taken. The drug is distributed throughout the body, penetrates into most fluids and tissues (liver, kidneys, myocardium, lungs, including bone tissue, where it accumulates in relatively high concentrations). It penetrates through the blood-brain barrier in an insignificant amount, but permeability increases with meningitis. It also penetrates the placenta and is excreted in the mother's milk. Partially metabolized in the liver to inactive metabolites. Protein binding decreases with an increase in the concentration of the drug in the blood plasma and, on average, is 70 - 76%. The half-life in patients with normal liver and kidney function is 4-6 hours, in patients with end-stage renal failure 10-20 hours. After a single oral administration of the drug, the maximum concentration in the blood plasma is achieved after 2-4 hours.
It is excreted unchanged and in the form of metabolites in urine, bile and feces (approximately 30-40% of the dose taken orally is excreted in the feces in 72 hours).
Indications for use
Infections caused by microorganisms sensitive to the drug:
Bone and joint infections (osteomyelitis, septic arthritis);
ENT and respiratory tract infections, otitis media, sinusitis, acute bronchitis, pneumonia;
Purulent infections of the skin and soft tissues (furunculosis, abscesses, infected wounds, felon, mastitis), erysipelas.
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to lincomycin or clindamycin.
Pregnancy and lactation
Application during pregnancy is possible in exceptional cases for health reasons. If necessary, use during lactation, breastfeeding should be discontinued.
Method of administration and dosage
The drug is taken orally on an empty stomach 30-60 minutes before meals or 2 hours after meals with plenty of liquid. Capsules cannot be divided, opened.
Children aged 6 to 14 years with a body weight of more than 25 kg are prescribed in a daily dose at the rate of 30 mg / kg of body weight, divided into 3 - 4 doses, in severe cases - 60 mg / kg of body weight per day for 3 - 4 reception.
Adults are prescribed 0.5 g every 8 hours for infections of moderate severity, 0.5 g every 6 hours for severe infections (2 g per day).
The duration of the course of treatment is 7-14 days, with osteomyelitis - 3 weeks or more. In case of impaired liver and / or kidney function, it is necessary to reduce the daily dose of Lincomycin by 1/3 - 1/2 and increase the interval between doses.
Side effect
When using the drug Lincomycin, the following are possible:
From the digestive tract and liver: nausea, vomiting, abdominal discomfort, diarrhea, jaundice, changes in liver function tests (transient increase in the level of hepatic transaminases, bilirubin in the blood plasma), esophagitis;
From the hematopoietic system: reversible leukopenia, neutropenia, agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia, isolated cases of aplastic anemia and pancytopenia are described;
From the side of the cardiovascular system: arterial hypotension;
Allergic reactions: skin rash, itching, urticaria, exfoliative dermatitis, rarely - angioedema, anaphylactic shock, serum sickness, erythema multiforme.
Others: dizziness, muscle weakness.
Overdose
With long-term treatment, pseudomembranous colitis and candidiasis are possible. Treatment. If pseudomembranous colitis develops, treatment with Lincomycin should be canceled.
Interaction with other medicinal products
Narcotic analgesics, as respiratory failure up to apnea is possible;
Means that slow down the peristalsis of the gastrointestinal tract;
Inhalation anesthetics, muscle relaxants;
Cholestyramine, kaolin, vikair, vicalin and other drugs that have adsorbing properties (they reduce the amount of absorption of Lincomycin);
Gtiri reached um and nom. neostigmine, ambenonium, as their effect is weakened;
Levomycetin, erythromycin (weaken the antibacterial effect of Lincomycin);
With clindamycin, doxorubicin, as cases of cross-hypersensitivity have been reported.
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