Igor Rurikovich
Svyatoslav Igorevich
Vladimir Svyatoslavich the Great
Yaroslav Vladimirovich the Wise
Vsevolod Yaroslavich
Vladimir Vsevolodovich Monomakh
Yuri Vladimirovich Dolgoruky
Vsevolod the Big Nest
Yaroslav Vsevolodovich
The main cities and fiefs of the Vladimir-Suzdal Principality
VLADIMIRO-SUZDAL PRINCIPALITY, the largest public education in North-Eastern Rus' of the 10th–13th centuries on the territory between the Oka and Volga rivers. During the process of feudalization, the cities of Rostov, Beloozero, Yaroslavl, Murom, and Suzdal grew here in the 10th–11th centuries. The center of the earth was Rostov. Initially, the connection between the Rostov region and Kievan Rus was expressed only in the payment of tribute. Local squads of different tribes took part in Prince Oleg’s campaigns against Kyiv (about 882) and Constantinople (907). The Kiev prince Vladimir Svyatoslavich tried to more firmly connect the Rostov land with the Kyiv state - his sons Boris and Yaroslav reigned in Rostov, and Gleb reigned in Murom. According to the division of the Kyiv land between the sons of Yaroslav the Wise (1054), the Rostov land went to Vsevolod Yaroslavich. At this time, Suzdal rises, where Vladimir Vsevolodovich Monomakh, with the transition of the region in 1093, placed his sons Yaropolk, then Yuri, as princes. The Suzdal principality had to endure a difficult feudal war with Oleg Svyatoslavich, who tried to take possession of the northern patrimony of Monomakh (1096). In connection with this strife, Vladimir Monomakh founded in 1108 a powerful fortress on the Klyazma River - Vladimir. Yuri Dolgoruky, the first prince of the Suzdal land and the founder of the Vladimir-Suzdal dynasty, strengthened the principality and defended it from the Bulgarians. Under him, new princely cities and fortresses grew, mainly in the black earth center of the principality - “opolye” (Kosnyatin at the mouth of the Nerl River - 1134, Pereyaslavl-Zalessky and Yuryev-Polsky - 1152, Dmitrov - 1154, fortification of Moscow - 1156). His son and successor Andrei Bogolyubsky (1157–1174) continued his father’s political course of strengthening princely power and the hegemony of the principality in the Russian land. However, he considered its center not Kyiv, but Vladimir, which he made the capital of the principality. In 1174, he fell victim to a boyar conspiracy, in the organization of which Gleb of Ryazan apparently participated. The boyar nobility, with the support of Gleb Ryazansky, wanted to establish the princes they liked on the Vladimir throne. In the internecine princely struggle, relying on the support of the townspeople of Vladimir and Suzdal, the brothers of Andrei Mikhalko (d. 1176) and his successor, Vsevolod the Big Nest, gained the upper hand. A subtle diplomat and skillful politician, Vsevolod the Big Nest (1176–1212) continued the political line of his father and brother, successfully fighting the separatism of the local nobility. The boyars were greatly bled dry in the internecine struggle. In 1177 the troops of the Ryazan princes were defeated (Battle of Prusovaya Mountain). As a result of the campaigns of 1180, 1187, 1207, the resistance of Ryazan was broken. The struggle on the eastern borders of the Vladimir-Suzdal principality against the Bulgarians prepared the later exit to the mouth of the Oka. Long and initially successful actions for the subjugation of Novgorod ended with the uprising of the Novgorodians (1207) and its withdrawal from the sphere of Vladimir influence. In Southern Rus', Vsevolod strengthened his influence with the help of diplomatic intrigues, interfering in the internal affairs of the princes, and quarreled them among themselves, which led to a new defeat of Kyiv (1203). The chroniclers called him “great,” the princes called him “lord.”
In 1211, Vsevolod convened a meeting of representatives from all the cities of the principality, which approved the transfer of the reign to his son Yuri. But after the death of Vsevolod (1212), the Rostov boyars began to incite strife between his eldest son Konstantin and Yuri, into which the forces of Novgorod, Pskov and Smolensk were drawn under the leadership of Mstislav the Udal. Konstantin wanted to restore the capital rights of the boyar Rostov, Mstislav wanted to weaken the forces of the Vladimir-Suzdal principality and eliminate its priority. Yuri and his brother Yaroslav, who supported him, were defeated by the Novgorodians in the Battle of Lipitsa (1216). Having taken the throne, Constantine divided the principality between his brothers. The unity of the Vladimir-Suzdal principality was broken, and the principalities of Rostov, Yaroslavl, and Pereyaslavl were formed. After the death of Constantine in 1218, Yuri returned to reign and restored his dominant position and authority of the Vladimir-Suzdal principality. He continued his attack to the east, striking major defeat Bulgarians (1220) and founded at the mouth of the Oka River Nizhny Novgorod(1221). Vladimir's influence was also restored in Novgorod the Great, where Yuri's brother Yaroslav led an active defense of North-Western Rus' from the intensifying onslaught of German knights and Lithuanian feudal lords.
In 1238, Batu's hordes defeated the Vladimir-Suzdal principality, devastated and burned its cities. But the Mongol yoke could not destroy the high cultural and political traditions of the Vladimir land. They were preserved, adopted and developed during the process of “gathering Rus'” by Moscow in the 14th–15th centuries.
Soviet historical encyclopedia. M, 1966.
THE GRAND DUCHY OF VLADIMIR, between the Oka and Volga rivers in the 12th–14th centuries. It was formed in 1157 in connection with the transfer by Grand Duke Andrei Bogolyubsky of the capital of the Rostov-Suzdal Principality from the city of Suzdal to the city of Vladimir on Klyazma. Under Grand Duke Andrei, the territory of the Grand Duchy of Vladimir expanded: in the southeast - to the lower reaches of the Klyazma, in the east - to the Volga, in the northeast - in the Northern Dvina basin. Under Grand Duke Vsevolod the Big Nest, the cities of Ustyug and Unzha were founded in the northeast of the principality, and Zubtsov in the west. After his death (1212), the Rostov, Pereyaslav, Yuryev, Starodub, Suzdal, and Yaroslavl principalities separated from the Grand Duchy of Vladimir. In the 20s of the 13th century, lands along the lower Oka, middle Volga, and territories northeast of Kostroma were annexed. Grand Dukes Andrei Bogolyubsky and Vsevolod the Big Nest pursued an active policy in relation to Murom, Ryazan, Chernigov, Smolensk, Kyiv principalities And Novgorod Republic. Grand Duke Vladimirsky was the eldest in North-Eastern Rus'. He led foreign policy and with the troops of all the Vsevolodovichs, all the escheated principalities went to him. In 1247, after the Mongol conquests (1237–1238), the territory of the Grand Duchy of Vladimir was reduced, but it remained the largest in North-Eastern Rus'.
National history. Encyclopedia. M, 1995.
VLADIMIR, center of the Vladimir region, 190 kilometers northeast of Moscow. Founded in 1108 as a fortress by Prince Vladimir Vsevolodovich Monomakh to protect Rostov-Suzdal Rus' from the southeast. In the middle of the 12th century, Vladimir was the patrimonial possession of Prince Andrei Bogolyubsky, who in 1157 moved the capital of the Vladimir-Suzdal principality here and tried to make Vladimir an all-Russian center.
SUZDAL, in the Vladimir region, regional subordination, regional center, 35 kilometers north of Vladimir. It arose in the 9th–10th centuries on the site of a settlement of the Finno-Ugric tribe Merya. It was first mentioned in the Laurentian Chronicle in 1024, and has been known as a fortified city since 1096. Until the 1st half of the 12th century, Suzdal was the possession of the great Kyiv princes who allocated him as an inheritance younger sons. The first independent prince of Suzdal was Yuri Dolgoruky, under him the city was the capital of the Rostov-Suzdal principality, then it was part of the Vladimir-Suzdal principality. Since the 13th century it has been the capital of the independent Suzdal principality.
ROSTOV, in the Yaroslavl region, regional subordination, district center, 58 kilometers southwest of Yaroslavl. Situated on the low-lying northwestern shore of Lake Nero.
It was first mentioned in the chronicle in 862. In the 10th century, one of the centers (along with Suzdal) of the Rostov-Suzdal land, in the 11th - early 13th centuries it was part of the Vladimir-Suzdal principality, a special flowering of political and cultural life Rostov suffered under Prince Konstantin Vsevolodovich (1186–1219). Since 1207, after the collapse of the Rostov-Suzdal land, it has been the capital of the Rostov principality.
PEREYASLAVL-ZALESSKY, in the Yaroslavl region, regional subordination, the center of the Pereslavl region, 124 kilometers southwest of Yaroslavl. Lake Pleshcheyevo is located on the southeastern shore, at the confluence of the Trubezh River.
Founded in 1152 by Prince Yuri Dolgoruky under the name Pereyaslavl as one of the fortified points that defended the borders of the Rostov-Suzdal principality. In 1175–1302, the center of the Pereslavl (Zalessky) principality, then became part of the Moscow principality.
YAROSLAVL, the center of the Yaroslavl region, 282 kilometers northeast of Moscow. Located on the Volga River. Founded around 1010 by Prince Yaroslav the Wise on the site of the ancient settlement of Medvezhiy Ugol. It was first mentioned in the chronicle in 1071. In the 11th–12th centuries, a border town of the Rostov-Suzdal principality. Since 1218 it has been the capital of the Yaroslavl principality.
UGLICH, in the Yaroslavl region, regional center, 110 kilometers west of Yaroslavl. Known since 937. In the XII - early XIII centuries it was part of the Vladimir-Suzdal principality, from 1207 - the Rostov principality, from 1218 - the capital of the Uglich appanage principality.
BELOZERO – BELOZERSK, district center Vologda region, 214 kilometers northwest of Vologda. Located on the southern low-lying shore of White Lake. It was first mentioned in the chronicle in 862. Since 1238, the center of the Belozersk principality, a trade and craft center.
TVER, the center of the Tver region, 167 kilometers northwest of Moscow. Originated in the 12th century, first mentioned in historical sources under 1164. Initially it belonged to Novgorod, from 1209 - to the Vladimir-Suzdal principality. Since the 40s of the 13th century - the capital of the Great Tver Principality, one of the political and cultural centers Rus'.
NIZHNY NOVGOROD, the center of the Nizhny Novgorod region, 439 kilometers east of Moscow. Located at the confluence of the Oka and Volga. Founded in 1221 by Prince Yuri Vsevolodovich of Vladimir as a fortress.
TOROPETS, a regional center in the Tver region, 332 kilometers west of Tver. It was first mentioned in the Laurentian Chronicle in 1074 as a border city of the Smolensk Principality. Since 1167 - the center of the appanage principality; the first prince of the city was Mstislav Rostislavich the Brave - the son of the Smolensk prince Rostislav. After his death, the city passed to his son Mstislav, nicknamed the Daring One. In 1214, the Novgorod prince Yaroslav, the father of Alexander Nevsky, married the daughter of Mstislav the Udal, Feodosia.
In 1226, a battle took place in the city with the Lithuanians, who were defeated by the troops of the Novgorod prince Yaroslav and the Toropets prince David (brother of Mstislav the Udal).
DMITROV, in the Moscow region, regional subordination, district center, 65 kilometers north of Moscow. Located on the Yakhroma River. Dmitrov was founded in 1154 by Prince Yuri Dolgoruky on the site of ancient Slavic settlements as an outpost of the Vladimir-Suzdal land; named prince after the second ( Christian name son Dmitry (future Prince Vsevolod the Big Nest). At the beginning of the 13th century it went to Pereyaslavl and was in the orbit of internecine wars.
GALICH, in the Kostroma region, regional center, 121 kilometers northeast of Kostroma. It was first mentioned in chronicles in 1238. In the 13th century, Galich was the center of the Galician principality, the first prince of which was Alexander Nevsky’s brother Konstantin Yaroslavich.
KOSTROMA, the center of the Kostroma region, 372 kilometers northeast of Moscow. Founded in the 12th century, presumably by Prince Yuri Dolgoruky. It was first mentioned in the Resurrection and Tver Chronicles in 1213. From the middle of the 13th century it was the center of the Kostroma appanage principality.
Cities of Russia. Encyclopedia. Moscow, 1994.
YAROSLAV
1238-1246
Prince Yaroslav Vsevolodovich (1191-1246) - Prince of Vladimir,
Prince Pereyaslav-Zalessky, Prince Pereyaslavsky,
Prince of Novgorod,
Prince of Vladimir, Grand Duke of Kyiv;
son of Vsevolod the Big Nest, father of Alexander Nevsky.
He took part in civil strife between princes and waged an active struggle for power with numerous relatives.
Yaroslav Vsevolodovich was the first of the Russian princes during the Tatar-Mongol invasion to receive from the Tatar Khan a label to reign in the new capital Ancient Rus'- the city of Vladimir.
Yaroslav Vsevolodovich. short biography
Prince Yaroslav was born in 1191 and was one of the many offspring of Vsevolod the Big Nest. In 1212, after the death of his father, Yaroslav became prince in the city of Pereyaslavl Zalessky, but was soon forced to leave it in order to take part in the struggle for power between his two brothers - Yuri (Yaroslav acted on his side) and Konstantin - in 1213 and 1214.
After the civil strife between the brothers, he took an active part in the struggle for Novgorod, which lasted with varying success from 1215 to 1236 (during this period, Yaroslav acquired and lost the title of Prince of Novgorod several times). In 1236 he became the Prince of Vladimir, coming to bow to the Golden Horde and receiving a label to reign there.
Death overtook Yaroslav during his second trip to the Golden Horde, when he was called to bow to the khan’s mother, where he accepted a treat from her hands. A week later, Yaroslav died. The exact cause of death is unknown, but it is believed that the prince could have been poisoned.
Yaroslav Vsevolodovich's struggle for power
In domestic policy Particularly noteworthy is Yaroslav’s long-term struggle for the right to reign in Novgorod. He was first called upon by the Novgorodians in 1215, when Mstislav Mstislavich left the city. Yaroslav arrived in the city, but was dissatisfied with the unrest that happened there because of his arrival, so he soon left to reign in Torzhok, however, accepting the title of Prince of Novgorod. Yaroslav's governor remained in Novgorod. Some time later, Yaroslav, by cunning and force, tried to win power in Novgorod during the famine that overtook the city, refusing help and sending messengers from Novgorod back. ABOUT difficult situation Mstislav found out in the city and immediately offered Yaroslav to release all the captured Novgorodians, but he refused. Thus began a long-term struggle.
On March 1, 1216, Mstislav, dissatisfied with Yaroslav’s behavior and worried about the Novgorodians, gathered the townspeople and moved to Torzhok with a proposal for a truce. Yaroslav rejected the offer, and Mstislav's army moved towards Tver, destroying all the cities along the way. Soon Mstislav was joined by Yaroslav's brother Konstantin (against whom Yaroslav had fought at one time), Yuri, Svyatoslav and Vladimir sided with Yaroslav. An internecine conflict ensued.
On April 21, 1216, the famous battle took place on the Lipitsa River between the troops of Mstislav and Yaroslav, as a result of which Yaroslav was defeated and was forced to give the title of Prince of Novgorod back to Mstislav.
However, the struggle for Novgorod did not end there. Yaroslav became the Prince of Novgorod several more times: in 1218 he was sent there by his fathers, in 1221 and 1224 he was called to reign by the townspeople themselves. Only after his calling in 1224 did Yaroslav finally remain in Novgorod for a long time with the title of prince and began to rule the city.
Already, together with the Novgorodians, Yaroslav made several successful military campaigns. In 1225, he opposed the Lithuanians, driving them from Russian lands back to the Principality of Lithuania; in 1227, a campaign against Finnish tribes took place on Yam, and in 1228, Yaroslav successfully repelled a retaliatory attack from the Finns.
In 1226, Yaroslav was again forced to prove his right to rule in Novgorod. This time, Prince Mikhail Vsevolodovich of Chernigov opposed him, but the struggle was not successful for Mikhail. Moreover, in 1231 Yaroslav, together with his brother Yuri, gathered an army and invaded Chernigov.
In 1234, Yaroslav opposed the German army near the city of Yuryev, the result of the battle was the defeat of the enemy troops and a peace beneficial for Rus'.
In 1236, Yaroslav received the title of Grand Duke of Kyiv and went to Kyiv, leaving his son in Novgorod.
In 1238, Yaroslav returned to Vladimir and began reigning there. After several years of successful reign, during which Vladimir finally becomes the capital of Rus', Yaroslav receives an order to appear from Khan Batu. From a trip to the Golden Horde, Yaroslav returns with a label for the Great Reign in Vladimir. During this period, Kyiv finally lost its status as the capital of Ancient Rus'.
Results of the reign of Yaroslav Vsevolodovich
During the years of Yaroslav's reign, Vladimir officially became the new capital of Rus', Kyiv lost its power, political and economic. Also, thanks to the activities of Yaroslav, Rus' was able to recover from the attack of the Western crusaders, while maintaining its statehood and not breaking up into separate territories.
In foreign policy, Yaroslav tried to regulate relations with the Golden Horde, as well as to protect the country, which was already in a difficult situation, from attack by the Germans and Lithuanians.
Prince Yaroslav Vsevolodovich one of the three sons of Vsevolod the Big Nest (brothers Yuri and Konstantin) In 1216, Yaroslav and Yuri fought with Konstantin and the Novgorod prince Mstislav the Udal on the Lipetsk field near Yurye-Polsky. Konstantin won.
Yaroslav II (Theodore) Vsevolodovich (1190 - 1246) - Prince of Novgorod, later Grand Duke, father of St. Alexander Nevsky. In 1201, Yaroslav was appointed by his father (Vsevolod III the Big Nest) prince of southern Pereyaslavl. In 1203 he went against the Polovtsians. In 1206, the inhabitants of the city of Galich (in Chervonnaya Rus) elected him prince, but Yaroslav was expelled from there by Prince Rurik Rostislavich and his allies, who decided to give Galich to Vladimir Igorevich, the prince of Seversk. Yaroslav returned to his Pereyaslavl, but from there he was soon expelled by Vsevolod Chermny, the prince of Chernigov. In 1208, Yaroslav was sent by his father to reign in Ryazan, after the campaign of Vsevolod III against the Ryazan principality, in which Yaroslav also took part. The people of Ryazan soon rebelled against Yaroslav, for which Ryazan was burned by Vsevolod, and Yaroslav retired to the Principality of Vladimir. In 1209, Yaroslav was sent by his father along with his older brothers against Novgorod, who wanted to install Mstislav Mstislavich as his prince, which Vsevolod III did not like; the matter ended with a reconciliation between the parties. After the death of Vsevolod III (1212) in the struggle of his older brothers over the great reign, Yaroslav sided with Yuri against Constantine. In 1215, Yaroslav was invited to the princely table by the Novgorodians, where he was solemnly greeted by Archbishop Anthony and the residents. He began to reign with incredible severity and autocracy, seized the Novgorod thousand (Yakun Zubolomich) and the Novotorzh mayor and sent them in chains to Tver, and he himself, settling in Torzhok, stopped the supply of grain to Novgorod. The Novgorodians sent ambassadors to him twice, wanting reconciliation, but Yaroslav continued to act as before. Then Mstislav Udaloy (their former prince) and Yaroslav’s brother Konstantin took the side of the Novgorodians; Yuri stood up for Yaroslav, but both of the latter were completely defeated in the battle on the Lipitsa River (April 21, 1216). In 1222 we again see Yaroslav as the Prince of Novgorod, at the invitation of the Novgorodians. In the same year, Yaroslav went with the Novgorodians to the city of Kolyvan (Revel), ravaged the entire Peipus land, took large booty and was full, but could not take the city. Soon Yaroslav voluntarily left Novgorod (around 1224). In 1225, the Novgorod land was subjected to a devastating raid by the Lithuanians, and Yaroslav, “taking pity” on the Novgorodians, according to the chroniclers, came out with other princes against the Lithuanians; the latter were defeated near Usvyat, their booty was taken from them, and some of their princes were captured. After this, the Novgorodians strongly called Yaroslav to come to them, and he agreed. In the winter of 1226, Yaroslav went to Finland to Yem (Yam), “where, according to the chronicle, not a single Russian prince could visit, and the whole land was taken into captivity.” In 1227, without any violence on his part, he baptized the Korels, Emi’s neighbors. In the same year, Yaroslav quarreled with the Novgorodians over Pskov, which he wanted to completely subjugate to his will; he demanded that the Novgorodians go with him to Pskov, but they refused. Yaroslav left for Pereyaslavl-Zalessky, leaving his sons (Fedor and Alexander) in Novgorod. In the same 1228, Yaroslav took part in the campaign of his brother Yuri against Mordva, then captured the Novgorod volost of Volok; the Novgorodians sent envoys demanding the return of Volok; Yaroslav not only did not give it up, but kept the ambassador captive. In 1230, Yaroslav was again called to reign by the Novgorodians. In 1234, he opposed the Germans who were attacking the Novgorod-Pskov lands; the Germans were defeated and made peace; At the same time, the Lithuanians were also defeated. In 1236, Yaroslav, at the insistence of his brother Yuri (Grand Duke of Vladimir) and Daniil of Galitsky, took the Kiev grand-ducal throne, leaving his son Alexander (Nevsky) in Novgorod. On March 4, 1238, Yuri, the Grand Duke of Vladimir, fell in a battle with the Tatars on the City River, and Yaroslav, by right of seniority, took the grand-ducal throne in Vladimir. At this time, his capital city was a pile of ruins. Yaroslav first of all took care of putting the capital in order, of clearing it of corpses that filled not only courtyards and streets, but even temples; then he tried to gather and encourage the residents who had fled from the Tatar invasion. The Lithuanians, taking advantage of the cramped position in the northeast of Rus', harassed Smolensk. Yaroslav went against them, defeated and captured their prince. The peaceful activities of Yaroslav were disturbed by a new Tatar raid on the Suzdal land (the ruin of Murom) in 1239. Batu, having founded his residence in Sarai, demanded the Russian princes to bow to him. Yaroslav went to Sarai in 1243, and sent his son Constantine to Tartary to the Great Khan. Batu accepted and released Yaroslav with honor and gave him eldership in all of Rus'. In 1245, Yaroslav, together with his brothers (Svyatoslav and Ivan) and nephews, went to the Horde for the second time. His companions returned to their homelands, and Batu sent Yaroslav to the banks of the Amur to the Great Khan. Here he had to endure “a lot of languor,” in the words of the chronicler: judging by some legends, some kind of intrigue was waged against him, actors which are the boyar Fyodor Yarunovich and the khansha, who, under the guise of a treat, brought poison to Yaroslav. The Grand Duke left the khan already sick; a week later (September 30, 1246) he died on the road. Yaroslav's body was brought to Vladimir, where it was buried in the Assumption Cathedral.
Yaroslav played a big role in the history of our country. His reign was noted both positive and negative points. We will talk about all this in this article. We also note that the son of Prince Yaroslav Vsevolodovich, presented below), became famous throughout the country as great commander, and was also canonized by the church. But today we will not talk about him, but about his father, whose reign was eventful.
So, let's begin our story. To begin with, the main dates associated with the name of Yaroslav. He was born in 1191, from 1212 to 1238 - the years of the reign of Yaroslav Vsevolodovich in Pereyaslavl-Zalessky. IN different time he also reigned in Novgorod (1215, from 1221 to 1223, from 1224 to 1228, from 1230 to 1236). Having captured Torzhok, he ruled there from 1215 to 1216. Yaroslav was Kyiv from 1236 to 1238. From 1238 to 1246 Yaroslav Vsevolodovich reigned in Vladimir.
Vsevolod Yurievich died in 1212. He left Pereyaslavl-Zalessky to Yaroslav. Strife immediately began between Vsevolod’s sons, Yuri and Konstantin. Yaroslav took Yuri’s side. He went to his aid twice with his Pereyaslavl people, in 1213 and 1214, but it never came to a battle.
Arrival of Yaroslav in Novgorod, renunciation of reign
In 1215, the Novgorodians invited Yaroslav to reign. Mstislav Mstislavich Udaloy, who had just left this city, left many of his supporters in Novgorod. As soon as he appeared, Yaroslav Vsevolodovich ordered the two boyars to be imprisoned. Then he convened a meeting against Yakun Namnezhich. The people began to plunder his yard, and the boyar Ovstrat and his son were killed by the residents of Prusskaya Street. Yaroslav did not like such self-will. He did not want to stay in Novgorod any longer and went to Torzhok. Here Yaroslav began to reign, and sent a governor to Novgorod. In this case, he followed the example of his father, grandfather and uncles, who left Rostov and established themselves in new cities.
How Yaroslav conquered Novgorod
Soon the opportunity presented itself to constrain Novgorod and completely subjugate it to its will: in the fall, frost destroyed all the grain in the Novgorod volost, only in Torzhok the harvest was preserved. Yaroslav ordered not a single cartload of bread to be allowed from the Lower Land to help the starving. In such need, the Novgorodians sent three boyars to Yaroslav in order to return the prince to Novgorod. Yaroslav detained the arrivals. Meanwhile, hunger intensified, people had to eat linden leaves, pine bark, and moss. They gave their children into eternal servitude. The corpses of the dead were strewn everywhere - in the field, in the streets, in the market place. The dogs did not have time to eat them. Most of residents simply died of hunger, others went in search better life to foreign countries.
Exhausted Novgorodians decided to send mayor Yuri Ivanovich with noble people to Yaroslav. They again tried to call the prince to them, but he ordered them to be detained as well. Instead of answering, Yaroslav sent two of his boyars to Novgorod in order to take his wife out of there. Residents of the city turned to the prince with last speech. He detained the ambassadors and all the Novgorod guests. The chronicler testifies that there was crying and sadness in Novgorod. But Yaroslav Vsevolodovich did not heed the pleas of the residents. The photo below is a copy of his helmet. It was lost in 1216 at the Battle of Lipitsa and found in 1808.
Arrival of Mstislav in Novgorod
Yaroslav's calculation turned out to be correct: it was not easy for the city to survive under such difficult circumstances. However, Rus' was still strong under Mstislav. Mstislav II the Udaloy, having learned about what was happening in Novgorod, arrived there in 1216. He captured Khot Grigorievich, Yaroslav's mayor, reforged his nobles and promised not to part with the Novgorodians.
War with Mstislav
Having learned about all this, Alexander Nevsky's father Yaroslav Vsevolodovich began to prepare for war. He ordered to make ambushes along the road to the river. Tvertse. The prince sent 100 people from the residents who seemed loyal to him to Novgorod with instructions to rebel against Mstislav and drive him out of the city. But these 100 people, as soon as they arrived in Novgorod, immediately went over to Mstislav’s side. Mstislav Udaloy sent a priest to Torzhok to promise peace to the prince if he released the people. Yaroslav did not like this proposal. He released the priest sent to him without answer, and called all the Novgorodians detained in Torzhok (more than two thousand) outside the city to the field, ordered them to be put in chains and sent to their cities. And he distributed the horses and property to the squad.
However, this trick turned against the prince himself. The Novgorodians who remained in the city marched together with Mstislav against Yaroslav on March 1, 1216. Mstislav on the river Vazuze connected with Vladimir Rurikovich Smolensky, his cousin. Despite this, he again sent people to Yaroslav with an offer of peace, but he again refused. Then Vladimir and Mstislav moved towards Tver. They began to burn and capture villages. Yaroslav, having learned about this, left Torzhok and headed to Tver. Mstislav did not stop there and began to ruin the Pereyaslavl volost. He proposed to enter into an alliance with him to Konstantin Rostovsky, who immediately united with him. The brothers Vladimir, Svyatoslav and Yuri came to the aid of Yaroslav, and with them the whole of Suzdal. They called everyone, both villagers and townspeople, and if they did not have a horse, they walked. The chronicler says that sons went against fathers, brother against brother, fathers against children, masters against slaves, and slaves against masters. The Vsevolodovichs settled on the river. Kze. Mstislav sent people to Yaroslav, offering to release the Novgorod and Novgorod residents, return the Novgorod volosts captured by him, and make peace with them. However, Yaroslav refused here too.
Yaroslav's flight
The Vsevolodovichs, confident in their own strength, won. Mstislav had to retreat to the river. Lipice. April 21 happened here great battle. The Novgorodians attacked Yaroslav's regiments with great force. The Pereyaslavl residents fled, and after a while the entire army took flight. Yaroslav ran to Pereyaslavl on his fifth horse (he drove four) and shut himself up in this city.
The prince's reprisal against Smolyans and Novgorodians
The chronicler notes that the first evil was not enough for him; he was not satisfied with human blood. In Pereyaslavl, Nevsky’s father Yaroslav Vsevolodovich ordered to seize all the Smolensk and Novgorod residents who entered his land to trade, and throw some into a cramped hut, others into a cellar, where they all died (about 150 people in total).
Reconciliation with Mstislav and Vladimir
Yuri, meanwhile, handed over Vladimir to the Mstislavichs. Konstantin, his brother, stayed here. Yuri went to Radilov, located on the Volga. However, Yaroslav Vsevolodovich did not want to submit. He decided to lock himself in Pereyaslavl, believing that he would sit out here. However, when Konstantin and Mstislav headed towards the city, he got scared and began to ask them for peace, and then he himself came to his brother Konstantin, asking him not to extradite Vladimir and Mstislav and to shelter him. Konstantin reconciled him with Mstislav on the road. When the princes arrived in Pereyaslavl, Yaroslav and the governor presented them with rich gifts. Having taken the gifts, Mstislav sent for his daughter, Yaroslav’s wife, to the city. Yaroslav asked him many times to return his wife, but Mstislav turned out to be adamant.
Yaroslav returns to Novgorod
Mstislav left Novgorod in 1218 and went to Galich. Troubles began again among the Novgorodians. To stop them, I had to ask Yaroslav again from Yuri Vsevolodovich. The prince was again sent to them in 1221. The Novgorodians were delighted with him, according to the chronicler. When the prince went to his volost in 1223, they bowed to him and begged him to stay. However, Yaroslav did not listen to them and left for Pereyaslavl-Zalessky. In 1224, the Novgorodians managed to invite him to their place for the third time. Yaroslav appeared and stayed this time in Novgorod for about three years, defending this volost from various enemies. In the photo below - Yaroslav Vsevolodovich in front of Christ with a model of the Church of the Savior.
Fight against Lithuanians
Lithuanians numbering 7 thousand in 1225 devastated the villages located near Torzhok. They did not reach the city itself only three miles. The Lithuanians killed many merchants and subjugated the entire Toropetsk volost. Yaroslav Vsevolodovich caught up with them near Usvyat. He defeated the Lithuanians, killed 2 thousand people and took away the loot they had stolen. In 1228, Yaroslavl left for Pereyaslavl, leaving his sons in Novgorod. The inhabitants of the city again sent for him in 1230. The prince arrived immediately, vowed to fulfill everything he had promised, but was still not constantly in Novgorod. His place was taken by his sons Alexander and Fedor.
Conquest of the Germans
Yaroslav in 1234 opposed the Germans with the Novgorodians and his regiments. He went to Yuryev and settled down not far from the city. He sent his people to fight in the surrounding areas and collect food supplies from them. Some of the Germans made a sortie from Odenpe, others from Yuryev, but the Russians beat them. Some Germans fell in the battle, but most died in the river when the ice broke off beneath them. Taking advantage of the victory, the Russians devastated the land. They destroyed the German grain, and this people had to submit. Yaroslav made peace with the Germans on terms favorable to himself.
The reign of Yaroslav in Kyiv, new battles
Having learned that Mikhail Vsevolodovich was fighting with the Galician princes Vasilko and Daniil Romanovich, Yaroslav left his son Alexander in Novgorod in 1236 and went on a campaign. He took with him noble Novgorodians, a hundred Novorot residents, Rostov and Pereyaslavl regiments and moved south. Yaroslav ruined the Chernigov volost and began to reign in Kyiv.
His reign lasted more than a year, but suddenly it became known about the invasion of the Tatars and the devastation of the Vladimir-Suzdal land. The prince, abandoning Kyiv, hurried north, but did not arrive in time. Yuri Vsevolodovich was defeated at City. He died in battle. Yaroslav, having learned about his death, went to reign in Vladimir. He cleared the churches of corpses, gathered the remaining people and began to administer the volosts.
Prince Yaroslav Vsevolodovich spoke out in 1239 against the Lithuanians who fought near Smolensk. He defeated them, took their prince prisoner, and then imprisoned him with the Smolensk people, who was the son of Mstislav Romanovich. After this, Yaroslav Vsevolodovich returned home with honor and great booty.
Regulating relations with Batu
But the most important task of this prince - settling relations between the Russians and the Tatars - was still ahead. Soon after the invasion, Batu sent one Saracen to Rus' as a Baskak. This man captured all the unmarried women and men, the beggars, from each family that had 3 sons, he took one for himself. He imposed a tribute on the rest of the inhabitants, which had to be paid in fur to each man. If a person could not pay, he was taken into slavery.
Batu set up his camp on the banks of the Volga. Prince Yaroslav Vsevolodovich went here. According to the chronicler, Batu received Yaroslav with honor and released him, punishing him to be the eldest among the Russian princes. That is, he, along with Vladimir, received Kyiv from the hands of Batu, but this had only symbolic meaning after the destruction of the capital of Rus' by the Tatars.
The last years of life and death of Yaroslav
Constantine returned in 1245 and said that Ogedei demanded Yaroslav to join him. He set off and arrived in Mongolia in August 1246. Here Yaroslav Vsevolodovich Vladimirsky witnessed the accession of Ogedeev's son Kayuk. Yaroslav died in the same year. He was called to the khan's mother, who gave him something to drink and eat from her hands, supposedly showing him honor. Yaroslav Vsevolodovich was poisoned and died 7 days later. Unfortunately, the reason why the Russian prince was treated this way is unknown. His body was brought to Rus' and buried in the Assumption Cathedral of Vladimir.
Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich (Prince of Vladimir)- This term has other meanings, see Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich. Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich ... Wikipedia
Yaroslav Vsevolodovich- Yaroslav Vsevolodovich: Yaroslav Vsevolodovich (Prince of Vladimir) (1191 1246) Prince of Novgorod, later Grand Duke of Vladimir, son of Vsevolod the Big Nest. Yaroslav Vsevolodovich (Prince of Chernigov) (1139 1198) son of the prince... ... Wikipedia
Yaroslav Vsevolodovich (disambiguation)- Yaroslav Vsevolodovich (Prince of Vladimir) (1191 1246) Prince of Novgorod, later Grand Duke of Vladimir, son of Vsevolod the Big Nest. Yaroslav Vsevolodovich (Prince of Chernigov) son of Prince Vsevolod Olgovich ... Wikipedia
YAROSLAV VSEVOLODOVICH- (1191 1246) son of Vsevolod the Big Nest. He reigned in Pereyaslavl, Galich, Ryazan, was invited and expelled by the Novgorodians several times; participant in internecine wars, was defeated in the Battle of Lipitsa (1216). In 1236 38 reigned in Kyiv, from 1238 great... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
YAROSLAV VSEVOLODOVICH- (1191 1246), Grand Duke of Vladimir from 1238. Son of Vsevolod the Big Nest. He reigned in Southern Rus' (Pereyaslavl, Galich), Ryazan, was invited and expelled by the Novgorodians several times; participant in internecine wars, was defeated by Mstislav... ... Russian history
Yaroslav Vsevolodovich- (1191 1246), Grand Duke of Vladimir (from 1238). Son of Vsevolod the Big Nest. He reigned in Pereyaslavl, Galich, Ryazan, was invited and expelled by the Novgorodians several times; participated in internecine wars, was defeated in the Battle of Lipitsa (1216) ... encyclopedic Dictionary
Yaroslav Vsevolodovich- (8.2.1191 30.9.1246) Grand Duke of Vladimir from 1238, 3rd son of Vsevolod the Big Nest (See Vsevolod the Big Nest). In 1200 06, Prince of Pereyaslavl South. According to his father's will, Pereyaslavl was given to Zalessky. In the 20s and 30s. 13th century repeatedly... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia
YAROSLAV VSEVOLODOVICH- 1 . (1139 98) Chernigov prince. Son of the Chernigov prince Vsevolod Olgovich. After the death of his father, he reigned in Starodub. In 1179 he took the princely throne in Chernigov. He pursued a separate policy: he did not take part in the campaign of the Russian princes against the Polovtsians in... ... Soviet historical encyclopedia
Yaroslav Vsevolodovich- YAROSLAV VSEVOLODOVICH (11911246), Grand Duke of Vladimir from 1238. Son of Vsevolod the Big Nest. Reigned in South. Rus' (Pereyaslavl, Galich), Ryazan, several. once invited and expelled by the Novgorodians; participant in internecine wars, was defeated... Biographical Dictionary
Mikhail Yaroslavich (Prince of Vladimir)- Wikipedia has articles about other people named Mikhail Yaroslavich. Mikhail Yaroslavich ... Wikipedia
Books
- , Filippov Vladimir Valerievich. Yaroslav Vsevolodovich, Grand Duke of Vladimir, he is better known to us as the father of Alexander Nevsky. Other of his merits remain in the shadows, but, in addition, Yaroslav was an iconic figure in his... Buy for 287 rubles
- Defender of Vladimir Rus'. Prince Yaroslav Vsevolodovich, Filippov V.. Yaroslav Vsevolodovich, Grand Duke of Vladimir, he is better known to us as the father of Alexander Nevsky. Some of his merits remain in the shadows, but, in addition, Yaroslav was an iconic figure in his...
Loading...