How to recognize renal colic in a woman. Renal colic and causes in women: symptoms and treatment. Why do excretory urography and what does it show?

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The cause of severe back pain can be various conditions: from premenstrual syndrome to spinal pathology. However, the most insidious condition is renal colic.

The pain in this case is excruciating, and untimely provision of medical care can be fatal. The main question in renal colic: how to relieve pain? However, at home, measures should be taken with extreme caution.

Painkillers and thermal procedures are categorically contraindicated in acute abdominal pathology, which often has a similar symptomatic picture with renal colic.

Renal colic - what is it?

Renal colic is an acute condition that occurs with kidney disease. An attack of severe pain is associated with a violation or complete cessation of the outflow of urine from the renal pelvis.

At the same time, pressure rises inside the organ, and an overstretched capsule with a rather extensive network of nerve endings provokes pain. At the same time, ischemia of the renal tissue occurs, and metabolic products are absorbed from urine into the blood, causing intoxication of the body.

Acute renal colic in women has characteristic features, which makes it possible to differentiate a painful attack from sciatica, pinching of a vertebral hernia, diseases of the female genital area and provide effective drug support to prevent cell death of the affected kidney. Often, prolonged renal colic without medical attention leads to the death of kidney tissue.

Causes of occurrence

Renal colic in women occurs when the internal lumen of the ureter is blocked or compressed from the outside. This condition occurs with the following diseases:

Kidney stone disease - a calculus, in diameter wider than the lumen of the ureter, begins to move and ultimately blocks the path to the passage of urine from the kidney into the bladder;
Pyelonephritis - mucus and thick pus blocking the ureter
Nephroptosis - prolapse of the kidney is accompanied by a kink of the ureter;
Oncology, tuberculosis, kidney infarction - dead tissue disrupt the passage of urine;
Intrarenal hematomas and venous thrombosis of the kidney - blood clots, excreted in the urine, prevent it from passing.

Neither intestinal tumors nor adhesions in the ureter provoke renal colic. These processes develop gradually, so the pain syndrome and signs of impaired urine outflow increase over time.

The first signs and symptoms of renal colic

Paroxysmal lower back pain can occur after lifting weights, shaking in a car, cycling, or hitting the lower back.

Sudden onset, regardless of the time of day;
Severe, cramping pain in the lumbar region, often on one side;
Pain radiates to the peri-umbilical region (with blockage in the upper part of the ureter), perineum (occlusion of the middle, lower third of the ureter), thigh or rectum (calculus blocked the prevesical part of the ureter);
A change in the position of the body does not bring even the slightest relief (a characteristic difference between the pain syndrome in the pathology of the spine and diseases of the female genital area).

You should not expect that the pain that has arisen against the background of a normal state of pain will disappear on its own. Symptoms of renal colic in women develop rapidly and are accompanied by:

Increased pain when urinating;
A decrease in the volume of urine with frequent urge, often large clots of blood are found in the urine, which indicates a deep damage to the mucous membrane of the ureter;
Increased blood pressure (conventional antihypertensive drugs are ineffective at the same time);
Nausea / vomiting and bloating;
False urge to empty the bowels;
Fever, headache and dry mouth (indicates the onset of inflammation in the kidney).

Paroxysmal pain lasts 3-18 hours, while the intensity of the pain syndrome varies somewhat during the attack. If the calculus is small, it can independently move to the bladder. However, this variant of the course of renal colic does not always occur.

Without medication, the patient develops a state of shock. The skin turns pale and becomes covered with cold sweat, and / d and the heart rate decreases, the woman may lose consciousness.

An attack of renal colic ends with the discharge of a large amount of urine, in which blood and, possibly, stones are visible even with the naked eye.

What to do with renal colic? - First aid

Primary measures are aimed at reducing pain by relieving spasm from the ureters.

However, the following measures are permissible only with absolute exclusion, ectopic pregnancy, torsion of the leg of a cyst formed on the ovary and other acute diseases!

First aid with symptoms of renal colic in women:

Relaxation of the ureters due to heat - warm heating pads for the lower back and abdomen, as well as hot sitz baths (37-39 ° C).
Antispasmodics No-Shpa, Baralgin are best administered intramuscularly (injections are made by an ambulance doctor after examining the patient). Oral pain relievers will not have a quick effect. Platyphyllin, Atropine are administered subcutaneously.
For quick relief of pain, a combination of antispasmodics with NSAIDs (Diclofenac, Ketorolac, Dexalgin) is permissible.

Renal colic treatment, drugs and regimens

The first stage in the treatment of renal colic in women is the elimination of pain and restoration of the outflow of urine. On an emergency basis, the patient conducts all the necessary studies (instrumental and laboratory) for an accurate diagnosis.

The incessant pain attack is already in the hospital stopped by novocaine blockade or the introduction of narcotic analgesics Promedol, Morphine. Intravenous administration of antispasmodics provides maximum relaxation of the ureters and allows the calculus to descend into the bladder and subsequently exit with urine.

Physiotherapy - electropuncture and acupuncture - successfully complement drug treatment. However, in some cases, when signs of kidney inflammation appear, drug therapy is ineffective, and shock develops, immediate surgical intervention is required.

The operation is most often performed laparoscopically (through mini-incisions), during which the calculus is removed from the ureter. Often, therapeutic catheterization of the ureter is sufficient. The choice of surgical tactics is determined by the attending physician, taking into account the diagnostic data and the patient's condition.

Further treatment for women after renal colic includes:

In case of kidney stones, a course of taking drugs that destroy calculi (Cistenal, Cyston) or instrumental non-surgical techniques (shock wave, laser or ultrasound lithotripsy).
In case of primary pyelonephritis or inflammation resulting from urinary stagnation, renal antibiotics (Monural, Palin) or broad antibacterial drugs (Gentamicin, Amoxicillin and others).
To normalize pressure - diuretics (only after the relief of acute colic symptoms) in combination with antihypertensive drugs.
Diet - food for colic is recommended in compliance with the medical table No. 10, limiting the intake of carbohydrates and fats, completely eliminating salt and irritating substances (spices, carbonated drinks, alcohol, coffee, pickles, chocolate, pickles, spinach and sorrel, citrus fruits).

When treating the kidneys, it is imperative to observe the drinking regime with the control of pressure and daily amount of urine. After treatment, it is recommended to carry out preventive courses. The doctor prescribes a 10-day intake of an antibiotic, with further intake of herbal decoctions: chamomile, kidney tea, lingonberry.

Complications of renal colic, general prognosis

A prolonged attack of renal colic can lead to the development of:

pyelonephritis and pyonephrosis (purulent fusion of renal tissue);
acute urinary retention;
bacteremic shock and urosepsis;
rupture of the ureter.

The outcome of renal colic depends on the size of the calculus that blocked the outflow of urine, and the timeliness of medical care. However, in any case, after stopping the attack, a woman should undergo comprehensive treatment of the causative pathology to prevent repeated acute conditions.

A sharp, piercing pain in the lumbar zone can dramatically change the usual rhythm of a man's life. This is how renal colic is most often manifested. It is important to understand what this condition is and why it occurs, because a man faced with this painful condition needs help.

Characteristics of renal colic

Renal colic is called an acute attack of pain provoked by pathologies in the urinary system... Discomfort occurs in the lumbar region on one side, in rare cases - on both. The pain is dictated by a spasm of the smooth muscles of the urinary organs.

Colic is the body's response to a violation of the outflow of urine from the kidney or a change in blood circulation. Most often, such phenomena are observed in urolithiasis, in which stones released from the kidneys damage the walls of the ureter and clog (completely or partially) the urinary canal.

Renal colic is most often caused by the movement of a stone from the kidney to the ureter and bladder.

How renal colic manifests itself

Renal colic has a number of characteristic features:

sharp, unbearable lower back pain (it can be cramping or persistent);
increased anxiety;
discomfort radiates to the side, abdomen, genitals, leg;
hematuria (blood is present in the urine);
nausea, vomiting;
temperature increase;
increased urination (if the stone blocked the ureter, then there is very little urine);
bloating;
diarrhea or constipation.

With severe attacks, a man may experience painful shock. This condition is accompanied by a weakening of the pulse, profuse sweating, increased pressure, and pallor of the skin.

The attack can last from 3 hours to 18 hours, sometimes with short breaks.

Renal colic - video

Causes and factors of development

Renal colic is classified as a nonspecific symptom because it can be triggered by various causes. Among them:

Urolithiasis disease. Kidney stones can flow into the ureter with the flow of urine. The movement of a calculus along a narrow canal causes an intolerable attack of pain. Some stones have sharp "thorns" and can injure the ureter (which is why blood appears in the urine). And sometimes the calculus gets stuck in the canal. This leads to a deterioration in the outflow of urine and an expansion of the renal capsule.
Jade. The appearance of renal colic can be caused by various inflammatory processes occurring in the kidneys (for example). Such ailments provoke irritation of the bean-shaped organ, as a result of which the latter reacts with intense spasms.
Kidney tumor. A neoplasm in the structure of an organ may not bother the patient for a long time. Tumor growth over time leads to tissue compression. This irritates the kidney, which immediately responds with spasms.
Kidney tuberculosis. An infectious disease affects the kidney tissue. This leads to organ irritation and spasm.
... This is a pathology in which a prolapse of the kidney is diagnosed. The mobility of the bean organ can provoke an attack of severe pain.
Kidney injury. Any damage, blows to the lumbar region can lead to the appearance of severe, bursting pains.
Abnormalities of the urinary system. Severe discomfort may be based on congenital or acquired organ changes. For example, the outflow of urine is significantly complicated by narrowing of the urethra, ureter.
Tumor processes in neighboring organs. Growth of neoplasms in the prostate gland, rectum can squeeze the ureter.

Provoking factors

The appearance of renal colic can be caused by the following events:

taking spicy, spicy food the day before;

jumping;

lifting weights;

alcohol abuse;

shaking.

Eating spicy food can provoke an attack of renal colic

But sometimes excruciating discomfort occurs without any antecedent factors. Some patients note that renal colic appeared at rest, interrupting the night's sleep.

One summer, when I ran away from all the city worries to the dacha, at three o'clock in the morning I was awakened by the persistent ringing of my mobile. My neighbor, a 50-year-old man, asked me to visit him immediately. In his voice, one could hear that the man was feeling bad. But the state in which I found him just shocked me. The dream disappeared instantly. The neighbor was pale, he periodically vomited. He painfully clutched at the lower back, then at the stomach. The sufferer could not even properly explain what was bothering him. I immediately called the ambulance. Meanwhile, the man groaned again from the excruciating seizure. “We need to relieve spasms,” I thought. No-Shpa was in my medicine cabinet. Of course, the pills did not completely anesthetize, but the neighbor said that it became a little easier.

Diagnosis of pathology

It is not easy to determine renal colic, since pathology is manifested by those signs that are characteristic of a number of diseases.

Similar symptoms are observed when:

acute appendicitis;
volvulus;
stomach ulcer;
biliary colic.

Initially, the doctor will examine the patient, palpate the abdomen, check the Pasternatsky symptom

In order to diagnose the patient correctly, the doctor will initially ask about the diet, lifestyle, and existing diseases. Then the doctor will examine the patient, conducting the following studies:

Palpation of the abdomen. During the palpation of the anterior abdominal wall with true renal colic, there is an increase in pain in the area of the "problem" ureter.
Symptom Pasternatsky. Light tapping on the lower back in the region of the kidneys causes increased pain.

Analysis of urine. It can contain erythrocytes (red blood cells) and various impurities (sand, pus, blood, fragments of stones, salt).
Blood test. In the presence of inflammation, the analysis will show an increase in white blood cells. In addition, elevated levels of urea and creatinine may indicate kidney disease.
Ultrasound procedure. An ultrasound scan can detect kidney or ureteral stones. This examination gives an idea of structural changes (thinning tissue, enlargement of the urinary organs).
X-ray. The measure identifies calculi, indicates their localization. Such a study does not show all types of stones (urate and xanthine stones are not visible on x-rays).
Excretory urography. This is another x-ray examination. It is carried out after the injection of a contrast agent into a vein. After a while, they take pictures. If the ureter is blocked, the contrast medium will not be able to pass further.
Computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging (CT or MRI). The most informative and accurate diagnostic methods. They allow you to study the kidneys, ureters, bladder layer by layer and identify the true causes of colic.

Ultrasound of the kidneys allows you to identify stones, determine their localization

Treatment methods

If symptoms appear that resemble renal colic, you must immediately call an ambulance. The dispatcher must be informed about all the signs observed in the patient.

First aid

To alleviate the condition of a patient who is faced with renal colic, you can resort to the following measures:

Taking an antispasmodic. To slightly reduce the discomfort, it is necessary to relieve the kidney spasm. For this, the patient is given No-Shpu, Drotaverin, Spazmalgon. If possible, it is better to give an intramuscular injection of an antispasmodic.
Thermal procedures. When it comes to true renal colic, warmth will bring significant relief. To do this, you can apply a heating pad to your lower back or take a bath.
Container preparation. It is better to empty the urinary tract in a specially prepared container so as not to miss the exit of calculus. It is not the liquid that is of value, but the stone that comes out. In the future, it is handed over to the study of the chemical composition. This will allow you to determine exactly what disorders occur in the body and select the optimal treatment methods.

You can take a hot bath to relieve pain in renal colic.

You can practice thermal procedures only if you are 100% sure of renal colic. If there is even the slightest doubt about the diagnosis, it is better not to resort to this method. The use of heat for appendicitis or peritonitis can be serious.

First aid for renal colic - video

Drug therapy

In order to stop acute symptoms and restore urodynamics, the following means can be prescribed to the patient in a hospital setting:

Antispasmodics and analgesics. Such drugs can reduce pain and stop spasms. The most commonly recommended remedies are:
- Baralgin;
- Platyphyllin;
- No-Shpu;
- Papaverine;
- Atropine;
- Promedol.
Novocaine blockade. If the attack has a protracted course and is not stopped by antispasmodics, then the doctor may resort to blockade. In this case, the spermatic cord is cut off from the man.
Antimicrobial agents. For relief of inflammatory processes, uroseptics or antibiotics may be recommended. Therapy includes such medications:
- Nitroxoline;
Fosfomycin.

Angioprotectors. These medicines are prescribed to restore blood microcirculation. The most commonly recommended drugs are:

Trental;

NSAIDs. Sometimes nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may be prescribed for severe pain. They have analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties. Treatment may include the following:

Diclofenac;
Lornoxicam;

Diuretics They are prescribed only if the outgoing stone does not exceed 4 mm in diameter. In this case, the calculus is quite capable of leaving on its own, without any surgical intervention. To facilitate the exit process, diuretics are prescribed:

Lasix.

Complementary medications. With renal colic (if the calculus does not exceed 4 mm), medications can be prescribed to help remove stones. The following drugs have these properties:

Glucagon;
Nifedepine;
Progesterone.

Further treatment tactics depend on the patient's condition and the stage of the pathology. If it was possible to stop the attack, the doctor will prescribe drugs that dissolve the remaining stones and prevent their re-formation.

To quickly relieve excruciating discomfort, doctors may prescribe medication intramuscularly or intravenously.

These medicines include:

Asparkam - affects oxalates;
Marelin - helps with phosphate stones;
Blemaren - effective against urates and oxalates;
Uralite - affects cystine stones;
Allopurinol - helps fight urate.
Cyston - has an effect on mixed types of stones (which can be dissolved).

These medicines need to be taken for several months to ensure the necessary dissolution of calculi.

The doctors took the neighbor to the hospital. I could not leave him alone, so I went with him. After all the studies, the doctors concluded - renal colic. The man spent the rest of the night under an IV. Little by little, his condition recovered. In the morning, the neighbor was operated on because the stone could not come out on its own. And after 2 days we were already sitting with him at the dacha, drinking aromatic tea and laughing heartily, recalling the events we had experienced.

Medicines - gallery

No-Shpa allows you to quickly relieve spasms
Levofloxacin is prescribed to relieve inflammation Pentoxifylline restores blood microcirculation Novocaine is used for novocaine blockade for very severe pain
Furosemide accelerates the flow of urine, as a result of which the stone leaves the ureter more quickly Ksefokam relieves inflammation, relieves pain Asparkam promotes the breakdown of oxalates Blemaren helps with oxalates and urates Allopurinol dissolves urates

Surgery

Sometimes, with renal colic, it becomes necessary to resort to surgery. The main indications for surgery are the following conditions and pathologies:

hydronephrosis (or dropsy of the kidney);
ineffectiveness of drug therapy;
complications of urolithiasis (blockage, rupture of the ureter);
large stones (more than 4 mm in diameter) that cannot come out on their own.

The tactics of the operation depends on the reasons that provoked renal colic, the condition and individual characteristics of the patient. The following techniques are most commonly used:

Remote lithotripsy. This operation involves the destruction of kidney stones with ultrasound. In this case, the skin is not damaged. That is why the method is called remote. The device is applied to the body in the required area and stones are crushed through the skin.
Contact lithotripsy. In this case, crushing of the stone occurs during direct contact. A special tube is inserted into the urinary tract and ureter. The device is brought directly to the stone and the calculus is split using a laser, compressed air or ultrasound. This technique allows you to act more efficiently and accurately. In addition, during the operation, all destroyed fragments are removed.
Percutaneous nephrolithotomy. This is the surgical removal of the stone. The doctor makes a small puncture of the skin, through which the instrument is inserted into the cavity and carefully removes the stone.
Endoscopic removal of calculus. A special tube with an endoscopic system is inserted through the urethra. Such a device is equipped not only with a camera to visualize calculi, but also with special forceps that grasp and extract the stone.
Ureteral stenting. This operation is used when the ureter is narrowed. Its essence lies in the restoration of the normal lumen in the canal. With the help of endoscopic equipment, a special cylindrical frame is inserted into the narrow place.
Open surgery. This is the most traumatic method. Open kidney operations are performed only in extreme cases (purulent-necrotic processes, significant organ damage, the presence of massive stones that cannot be crushed).

The duration of rehabilitation depends on the volume of surgical interventions. On average, recovery takes 2-3 days. If an open operation was performed, then rehabilitation may take 5-7 days.

Types of operations to remove stones - video

Diet

A man who is faced with renal colic is advised to adhere to a dietary diet in the future. NS Nutrition is prescribed by a doctor depending on the type of calculi.

Basic principles of the diet:

Frequent use. It is recommended to eat food in small portions every 4 hours. It is important not to overeat so as not to overload the body.
Junk food. Smoked, fried, fatty foods should be excluded from the diet. It is recommended to give up sweets and flour products.
Water regime. It is important not to forget about drinking clean drinking water. Doctors recommend drinking 2.5-3 liters of liquid per day.
Nutrition with oxalates. With such stones, it is necessary to limit the intake of meat, sorrel, sour fruits and berries. Do not overuse citrus fruits, legumes, beets, tomatoes.
Diet with urates. The following products are subject to an exception: chocolate, cheese, nuts, legumes. Salty foods are harmful. It is not recommended to drink strong tea or consume sour berries.
Nutrition with phosphates. In this case, it is necessary to exclude cottage cheese, potatoes, milk, fish from the diet. Do not overuse sweet berries and fruits.
Nutrition for cystine stones. It is recommended to limit the intake of beans, chicken meat, peanuts, eggs, corn.

Harmful products - gallery

Sorrel should not be consumed with oxalates Nuts will do harm with urates Curd is not recommended for phosphates
Corn is prohibited for cystine stones

Folk remedies

If there is no way to get medical help, then you can use the power of folk recipes.... To relieve renal colic, you can use the following tools:

Herbal bath. Hot water helps to relax the smooth muscles of the ureter, making the attack go away faster. To enhance the effectiveness of the therapeutic bath, it is recommended to add 10 g of birch leaves, sage, dried cress, linden, chamomile flowers to the water.
Birch broth. Leaves, buds or tree twigs can be taken as raw materials. A birch blank (8 tbsp. L.) Is poured with water (5 tbsp.). The mixture is boiled for 20 minutes in a water bath. They are filtering. The finished broth should be drunk hot for 1-2 hours.
Healing infusion. It is necessary to combine juniper fruits, birch leaves, mint and steel roots in equal proportions. The resulting mixture (6 tbsp. L.) Is poured with boiling water (1 l). Infuse the drink for 30 minutes. Then filter. The resulting infusion should be drunk warm within 1 hour.

Forecast and consequences

The prognosis depends on the reasons that provoked renal colic, the patient's condition, the timeliness of seeking medical attention. Most often, unpleasant discomfort can be stopped with medication or with the help of low-traumatic surgical interventions. In such situations, the patient quickly returns to normal life.

In the future, if the reason is hidden in urolithiasis, a person is recommended to adhere to a dietary diet that protects against the formation of stones for life.

The prognosis of pathology largely depends on the timeliness of visits to doctors.

Possible complications

Improper treatment or untimely access to doctors can lead to the development of serious consequences. The most common complications are:

Pain shock. Against the background of severe pain, pathologies of the cardiovascular, nervous or respiratory systems can develop.
Urosepsis. Generalization (spread throughout the body) of a urinary infection can be fatal.
Pyelonephritis. In the parenchyma and pelvis of the kidney, inflammatory processes can develop.
Bladder pathology. Prolonged impaired urination can lead to the inability to completely empty the bladder in the future.
Hydronephrosis. Retention of urine provokes pathological expansion of the renal calyx-pelvis.
Pathology of the urethra. The mucous membrane is replaced by scar tissue. This leads to urethral atrophy and narrowing of the urethra.
Nephrosclerosis. The renal parenchyma is gradually replaced by connective tissue. This significantly impairs the functioning of the kidney. In the future, this phenomenon leads to organ atrophy.
Pyonephrosis. Purulent-destructive processes take place inside the kidney.

Prophylaxis

Prevention of renal colic includes a few simple rules:

Water regime. A healthy person needs to consume at least 2–2.5 liters of water per day. In the summer heat, the amount of liquid increases to 3 liters.
Proper nutrition. Eliminate junk food from the diet: fatty, fried, salty, smoked foods. Avoid foods that promote stone formation (soda, coffee, alcohol, sorrel).
Physical exercise. Try to lead an active lifestyle, play sports, walk in the fresh air. At the same time, remember that physical activity should be feasible.
Dress for the weather. Avoid hypothermia or overheating. These extreme conditions trigger the development of kidney disease.

A painful condition called renal colic can result from various pathologies of the urinary system. But most often, according to statistics, the source of the problem is urolithiasis. It is impossible to predict in advance what renal colic will lead to. Therefore, it is imperative to consult a doctor. In this case, the patient's chances of healing are significantly increased.

has a number of manifestation features in women. This is due to the structure of the genitourinary system. The pain is localized in the lumbar region or hypochondrium, has an acute cramping character. It radiates along the ureter to the iliac, groin, directly to the vagina, labia.

The pain is provoked by physical activity (jogging, brisk walking), shaking riding and drinking plenty of fluids. The duration of an attack varies from minutes to hours. Vomiting is possible, which does not bring relief.

Renal colic in women - symptoms and treatment

The symptomatology of renal colic is characterized by a variety of symptoms. The onset of an attack is accompanied by motor restlessness, a continuous change in body position. Light tapping on the lumbar region is painful. Dysuria is noted - a decrease or complete absence of urine discharge.

Increased body temperature - from subfebrile condition to fever with chills.
Therapy requires relief of a painful attack. For this purpose, pain relievers are used.

Baralgin M or revalgin: 5 ml IV bolus at a rate of 1 ml in 1 min.
Lornoxicam (xefocam): 8 mg (powder is diluted in 2 injection water), injected intravenously or intramuscularly.
Ketorolac (ketorol): 1 ml (30 mg) IV or IM.
One of the indicated drugs is selected. Removal of a painful attack allows for further diagnostic procedures.

How is renal colic manifested in women?

There are specific symptoms of renal tissue damage:

Color change in urine (darkening, turbidity), the appearance of a pungent odor;
Dysuric manifestations (pain when urinating), can be sharp or pulling in nature, covering the pubic and groin areas; a burning sensation is attached when sand comes out due to trauma to the tissues of the ureter;
Pollakiuria - frequent urination, erythrocyturia is possible.

The systemic nature of the lesions is expressed by the following signs:

Dyspeptic manifestations;
Formation of edematous syndrome and fever;
Symptomatic arterial hypertension;
Weakness, decreased ability to exercise, increased sweating;
Increased gas formation;
Sleep phase disorder.

Nutrition for renal colic in women

Nutrition has a number of features. Compliance with specific nutritional principles is especially important when sand is found in the kidneys. This allows the disease to be effectively treated.
In particular, a number of important conditions must be observed:

Try to drink mostly clean water;
Reduce the consumption of table salt: do not add salt to food, refuse canned foods;
Protein intake should be kept to a minimum;
Increase in retinol-containing foods: carrots, cod liver, most fish products;
Take vitamin complexes containing vitamin B6;
Reducing intake of foods rich in vitamin C.

How is renal colic treated in women?

The most effective drugs for relieving pain symptoms are Asparkam, Urolesan and Fitolizin. They have a pronounced effect of lysis of calculi and allow high-quality treatment of the disease. Their use requires medical prescription and supervision.

A number of herbal preparations are available. These include Urolesan - a combined preparation based on natural ingredients (fir, mint and castor oils, extract of dushchitsa, hops and carrots). Kanephron N is used as a stabilizing agent after direct stone removal. Cyston is a preparation containing plant extracts of Indian origin. Phytolyte eliminates the negative consequences of lithotripsy and promotes the full restoration of metabolic processes.

Treatment of renal colic at home

Treatment of renal colic with folk remedies involves the use of herbal preparations that help treat the disease. Herbal medicine helps to relieve pain symptoms and stop urate deposition;

Grind fresh prickly tartar, squeeze juice out of it. He drinks 1 tsp. 3 times a day just before meals;
Lingonberry leaves (20 g) pour one glass of boiling water and hold on low heat for at least 10-12 minutes. Insist 12 hours, after adding 1 tablespoon of honey. Take half a glass of infusion 3-4 times a day for 14-18 days.

Consequences after renal colic in women

Depends on the volume of existing stones, as well as on their number. With small sizes, spontaneous discharge of stones is possible, with volumetric formations and obstruction of the urinary tract, lithotripsy or surgery is required. Contrast radiography will help to assess the stage of the pathological process.

After spontaneous or prompt removal of calculus, compliance with nutritional rules and preventive measures will help prevent further deposition of urate formations in the urinary tract.

Kidney disease among women is now becoming more widespread. The anatomical features of the urine diversion system and the pregnancy process affect the incidence of these pathologies. Many of them run latently with a minimal set of signs of trouble. They are often found out by chance during a routine examination. However, there are problems in the urinary system, which from the first seconds make you seek help from a specialist. Such situations include renal colic.

Features of the formation and excretion of urine

For the removal of all waste and toxic substances in the human body, not one organ is provided, but a whole system of several interconnected structures. It is dominated by special paired organs located in the lumbar region - the kidneys. It is here that the path of all metabolic products to be removed from the body begins. All blood many times a day passes through a special filter located in the vascular glomeruli. Here, the liquid part of the blood, devoid of its cells, under the pressure pumped by the heart muscle, passes from the vascular bed into the glomerular structure.

Nephron - the main structural element of the kidney

However, this filtrate contains a lot of nutrients that the kidneys will return to the bloodstream. This process of separation into good and bad takes place in special tubes - the renal tubules. Their end sections are collected in several cups, from which the urine of the composition enters the pelvis. It is a cavity that serves for the temporary accumulation of urine, which subsequently enters a long tube - the ureter. It connects the renal pelvis with the bladder, from where urine, after temporary storage, is excreted in portions through the urethra (urethra).

The kidney is the dominant organ of the urinary system

All blood, from which harmful substances are subsequently filtered, is delivered to the kidney through the renal artery system. In the area of the cups there are special vascular venous plexuses - fornixes. The purified blood is carried away through the renal vein towards the heart.

Renal colic is a sudden attack of intense pain in the lumbar region, which arose against the background of a violation of the outflow of urine from the kidney. It is often found in women, including during pregnancy. This situation requires medical attention, since a prolonged attack can destroy a functioning kidney.

Types of renal colic

Renal colic is classified into several types:

Causes of the onset and recurrence of renal colic

Renal colic is recognized as one of the most intense painful sensations that a person can experience with various diseases. Perhaps only a heart attack can compare with her in this regard. The mechanism of pain in renal colic consists of several points:

Renal colic - video

Kidney stones as a cause of renal colic

The most common cause of blockages in the flow of urine from the kidney is stones (calculi). Urolithiasis causes more than half (57%) of all cases of renal colic. In many situations, calculi exist for a long time inside the kidney, without causing any sensations. But as soon as they begin to move from the pelvis down the ureter, then in a large percentage of cases, its lumen is completely closed. For the occurrence of renal colic, the stone does not have to have a record size at all. The situation is aggravated by the muscles of the ureter, which tightly surround the stone and try to direct it towards the bladder. In addition, calculi have sharp edges and can injure the lining of the ureter.

Coral stone - the record holder among kidney stones

There are four main types of stones in terms of chemical composition - urate (from uric acid), phosphate, oxalate (from oxalic acid) and cystine (from the amino acid cystine). In many cases of urolithiasis, there is a hereditary predisposition or there are a number of specific diseases associated with changes in the composition of urine - gout, dysmetabolic nephropathy. In the first case, the excretion of uric acid from the body is impaired. In the second, stones are formed from urine, the composition of which is significantly altered by a large amount of salts (urates, phosphates, oxalates).

Urolithiasis - video

Pyelonephritis and other causes of renal colic

In more rare cases, blockage of the outflow of urine occurs due to inflammation of the cups and the renal pelvis - pyelonephritis. The immediate obstacle in this situation is the accumulation of mucus and pus - the leukocytes killed in the fight against infection of white blood cells. An attack of renal colic often occurs with an abnormal structure or location of the kidney - prolapse of the organ, narrowing of the ureter. The presence of a kidney tumor always creates the danger of its spread to the ureter, pelvis, vessels and adjacent organs. In this situation, an attack of renal colic may also occur.

A blood clot can block the flow of urine from the kidney. Vessels destroyed by a stone, inflammation or tumor can become a source of blood for him. Blockage of the renal vessels themselves can lead to the fact that part of the kidney will die due to lack of blood circulation (kidney infarction). Injury to the kidney (bruising or injury) can lead to massive blood clots.

Pyelonephritis - video

Picture of an attack of renal colic in women

Renal colic is not just a bout of pain. It comes with many important features:

After the disappearance of a painful attack, the risk of a recurrence of an episode of renal colic is high (80%).

Diagnostic methods

Recognition of the very fact of renal colic, as a rule, does not cause any particular difficulties for a specialist urologist. The typical nature of the pain, the circumstances preceding the attack, the inability to alleviate negative sensations by changing the position of the body are the main points on which the doctor relies when diagnosing renal colic itself. Finding out the cause of the episode is a more complex and lengthy process, based on analyzes and instrumental studies:

in the general analysis of blood, a large number of white cells of leukocytes and a high figure of ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate) indicate the presence of inflammation in the body;
a biochemical blood test gives the doctor information about the kidneys' ability to filter waste and toxins. The most important in this regard is the level of two chemicals - urea and creatinine. Values outside the normal range indicate that the kidneys are not doing their job;
urinalysis is required for any kidney disease. In this case, the composition and other indicators reflect the state of the organs and the processes occurring in them. Red blood cells found in urine sediment under a microscope indicate damage to the kidney filter or any of the vessels. Leukocytes, which are normally found in a single amount, allow us to conclude that bacteria penetrate into the kidney and form an inflammatory focus. Salt crystals, visible under a microscope when studying urine sediment, make it possible to draw a conclusion about the altered composition of urine and a tendency to form calculi;
Salts are the basis for the formation of stones
specific urine tests (according to the method of Nechiporenko, Amburzhe, Addis-Kakovsky) make it possible to more accurately establish the intensity with which red and white blood cells come out;
Zimnitsky's test is used to determine the ability of the kidneys to filter blood and is based on measuring the density of urine and its volume excreted at different times of the day. Low density, reduced volume of urine, the predominance of its excretion at night are unfavorable signs indicating the presence of renal failure;
sowing urine on a special nutrient medium allows you to establish the type of bacteria that caused inflammation in the kidney, and also determine which of the antibiotics will effectively act on them;
Bacteria can be grown on a nutrient medium
ultrasound is a painless method that allows you to see the structure of the kidney and pelvis. The study helps to identify the presence of stones, tumors, inflammatory foci, structural anomalies;
excretory urography provides information about the structure and function of the kidney. Before the examination, a special X-ray contrast agent is injected into the vein. After a few minutes, with the blood flow, the chemical reaches the renal glomeruli, pelvis and tubules. The method is used to detect abnormalities in the structure of the kidney, pelvis, ureter, and also allows one to judge the ability of organs to filter blood;
Excretory urography is performed using a radiopaque contrast agent
tomography (computer, magnetic resonance) currently allows you to build a three-dimensional model of the kidney, its vessels and ureters. An X-ray contrast agent is also used for this purpose;
Tomography - a method of detailed study of the anatomy of the kidneys
cystoscopy is performed using a special thin instrument inserted into the bladder through the urethra. The method allows you to see stones, blood clots, as well as in real time to observe the separation of urine from the ureters.

Renal colic in women must be distinguished from other serious diseases:

Pregnant women with urolithiasis often experience bouts of renal colic. They must be distinguished from the onset of labor (contractions). However, the attack itself can cause premature onset of labor.

Ectopic pregnancy - video

Treatments for renal colic

Renal colic in women is treated by a specialist urologist. In this case, there are three levels of therapy:

relieving a painful attack with medication;
elimination of colic with surgery;
treatment of the disease that caused the episode.

Conservative treatment

To relieve an attack of renal colic, thermal procedures are primarily used. Relaxation of the muscles of the ureter, discharge of stones and blood clots is helped by a warm heating pad or a sitz bath with a temperature of no more than 37–39 ° C (in the absence of fever). To enhance the effect, medications are used:

pain relievers - Analgin, Baralgin, Ketorol;
drugs that relax the muscles of the ureter - Atropine, No-shpa, Drotaverin, Platyphyllin, Papaverine;
local anesthetic drugs - Novocaine, Ultracaine. They are injected directly into a painful focus in the lumbar region (novocaine blockade).

When treating colic in pregnant women, thermal procedures are contraindicated. From medications, it is preferable to use Analgin, No-shpy, Papaverine.

In some cases, it is necessary to treat renal colic under the supervision of a specialist in the specialized department of the hospital. The indications for this are:

pregnancy;
renal colic in the presence of a single kidney;
elderly age;
suspicion of blockage of the outflow of urine from both kidneys;
high body temperature;
ineffectiveness of conservative techniques.

Physiotherapy is effectively used to relieve renal colic:

acupuncture - a point effect on the active points of the body;
diadynamic therapy uses the beneficial effects of pulsed electric current;
ultrasound therapy helps relieve inflammation and swelling;
vibration massage normalizes blood and lymph flow in the kidney and surrounding tissues.

Treatment of renal colic with folk remedies is not carried out.

Drugs for the treatment of renal colic - photo gallery

Ketorol effectively relieves pain No-shpa is used to eliminate spasms Platyphyllin effectively relieves spasms
Papaverine relaxes the muscles of the ureter Novocaine is used to block certain areas of the body Baralgin is used to relieve pain in renal colic

Surgery

Surgical intervention for renal colic pursues the main goal - to resume the outflow of urine from the kidney, thereby normalizing the pressure inside the pelvis. There are two methods to accomplish this task: nephrostomy and ureteral stenting. A nephrostomy involves creating an artificial pathway for urine to drain away from the blocked area. Under local anesthesia through a puncture in the lumbar region, a special design, a nephrostomy tube, is installed into the pelvis, which will collect urine into a receiver. Unloading the kidney will relieve the pain attack and give time to identify the cause. Ureteral stenting involves the introduction of a special design, which is fixed in place and helps to establish the outflow of urine from the kidney.

The stent allows urine to drain from the kidney

Diet

Correction of the diet is a mandatory measure after the removal of an attack of renal colic, since there is a high risk of its recurrence. However, the choice of the right foods is primarily determined by the composition of urine and stones.

Diet for urolithiasis - table

Products allowed for consumption	Foods to be restricted	Products not recommended for consumption
Oxaluria
Brussels sprouts, white cabbage, cauliflower; apricots; bananas; melons; pears; grape; pumpkin; cucumbers; peas; all types of cereals; potato; cabbage; White bread; vegetable oil.	carrot; green bean; chicory; tomatoes; strong tea infusion; milk and fermented milk products; beef; hen; aspic; liver; cod; currant, Antonov apples; radish.	cocoa; chocolate; beet; celery; spinach; sorrel; rhubarb; parsley leaf; broths.
Uraturia
dairy products in the first half of the day; potato; cauliflower and white cabbage; cereals (buckwheat, oatmeal, millet); fruits; dried apricots; prunes; seaweed; wheat bran; wheat bread, rye from wholemeal flour; lean meat and fish 3 times a week, 150 g for older children in boiled form; decoction of oats, barley.	peas; beans; beef; hen; rabbit.	strong tea; cocoa; coffee; chocolate; sardines; animal liver; lentils; pork; offal, fatty fish; meat and fish broths.
Phosphaturia
butter, vegetable oil; semolina; pasta; flour of the highest and 1st grade; potato; cabbage; carrot; cucumbers; beet; tomatoes; apricots; watermelon; pears; plum; Strawberry; Cherry.	beef; pork; boiled sausage; egg; corn grits; flour of the 2nd grade; milk; sour cream; slightly alkaline mineral waters.	cheese, cottage cheese; beef liver; chicken meat; fish, caviar; beans, peas; chocolate; cereals: oatmeal, pearl barley, buckwheat, millet; alkaline mineral waters.
Cystinuria
enhanced drinking regime; slightly alkaline mineral waters; potato; cabbage; meat and fish in the morning.	-	cottage cheese; a fish; eggs; mushrooms.

Useful and harmful foods for kidney stones - photo gallery

Diet for oxaluria allows you to use the first and second dishes of cabbage. When oxaluria, exclude chocolate. When uraturia, you should limit the use of peas. With urates, you can eat milk in the morning.
With phosphates in urine in vegetables and greens, you can not limit yourself With cystinuria, foods rich in methionine and sulfur-containing amino acids, for example, cottage cheese, eggs, are prohibited

Complications and prognosis

The prognosis for treating renal colic is generally good. However, a prolonged attack, in which assistance was not provided on time, can lead to negative consequences:

Prophylaxis

To prevent the development of renal colic, a number of recommendations must be followed:

annual medical examination with urine examination;
adherence to a diet with identified changes in the composition of urine;
timely treatment of inflammatory kidney diseases and urolithiasis.

Renal colic is a serious situation. An intense painful attack in the lumbar region is a reason for contacting a specialist for emergency assistance. However, it must be remembered that pain relief is only the first stage. Subsequently, it is required to find out the cause and treat the underlying disease.

The causes of renal colic
Complications prognosis

Renal colic manifests itself as repeated attacks of acute, sharp, often unbearable pain in the lumbar region, sometimes radiating to the front of the abdomen, groin or external genital area, into the rectum. Pain in renal colic practically does not depend on the position of the patient's body and can begin at any time of the day or at any time of the year. Pain syndrome with colic in the kidney is most often caused by dysfunction of the urinary tract and blockage of the renal ducts.

The main symptom of colic in the kidneys is severe pain, the intensity of which does not change when moving or changing the position of the patient's body. Various diseases can cause an attack: urolithiasis, nephritis or hydronephrosis, kidney tuberculosis, peritoneal fibrosis, oncological or inflammatory diseases. Acute pain in renal colic is associated with impaired urinary tract patency and stretching of the fibrous capsule of the kidney or deformation of the renal pelvis. Kidney pathologies very often cause an attack of intense pain that requires immediate surgical treatment.

There are a lot of diseases that cause attacks of acute pain in the kidneys, but the most likely cause of their occurrence can be urolithiasis, which causes the deposition of calculi in various parts of the kidney itself, the bladder, the ureter or the urethra. The different location of the accumulation of calculi is due to their migration with the flow of urine from the place of deposition up to the independent exit from the urethra. Migratory calculi, stones, can irritate the fibrous capsule and block the urinary ducts, which is the most common cause of colic.

Blocked ducts and urinary retention in the kidney can be caused by inflammation such as pyelonephritis. Oncological diseases or tuberculous damage to kidney tissue can lead to blockage of the urinary tract with dead tissue or blood clots, which can also cause acute attacks of pain - colic in the kidneys.

Some gynecological diseases, in particular, uterine fibroids or adnexitis, can cause impaired kidney function due to the growth of adhesions in the area of the urinary tract. Diseases of this kind are diagnosed by vaginal examination. In men, the factors that provoke renal colic can be overheating of the body, hard physical work, inflammatory diseases of the prostate and urinary tract, general weakness of the body against the background of a violation of the diet and low fluid intake. The accumulation of fluid in the renal cavities, an increase in pressure in the renal cavities and the resulting deformation of the fibrous capsule lead to irritation of pain receptors, causing renal colic.

Risk factors that provoke the appearance of colic include:

Hereditary predisposition.
Manifestation of mild forms of urolithiasis.
Infectious diseases of the urinary tract.
High body temperature persisting for a long time.
Low fluid intake.
Prolonged high physical activity.

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Typical symptoms and signs of renal colic

Diagnostic measures include taking anamnesis, identifying the presence of hereditary, infectious or oncological diseases. In laboratory tests, a general urine test is performed for the presence of urolithiasis, glomerulonephritis or pyelonephritis. In addition, the diagnosis of renal colic includes examination of the patient for painful sensations during urination, deviation of urine color, the presence of edema and other characteristic signs of kidney disease.

An ultrasound examination (ultrasound) of the kidneys to diagnose urolithiasis, edema, tumors, displacements or congenital kidney pathologies can be considered quite informative. In some cases, X-ray excretory urography of cystography is used, which determines the symptoms of renal urolithiasis. X-ray methods should be excluded for renal colic in children and pregnant women, due to their high sensitivity to ionizing radiation.

The main symptoms of kidney colic include:

Paroxysmal pain.
Localization of pain in the lumbar spine.
Irradiation of pain to the abdomen or rectum.
Pain in the groin, urethra.
Nausea, single vomiting.
Painful urge to urinate.
Blood in the urine.
Slight rise in temperature.
Fever and chills with an infectious nature of the disease.

When diagnosing, right-sided renal colic requires special attention. This is due to the fact that the clinical manifestation of an attack of right-sided colic in the kidney is similar to that of an acute attack of inflammation of the appendix. The presence of calculus (stone) in the ureter on the right side localizes pain on the right in the iliac region, which is characteristic of acute inflammation of the appendix.

A characteristic difference between an attack of right-sided renal colic from pain in appendicitis is the independence of pain from the position of the body with colic in the kidneys and the spread of pain to the inguinal ligament or genitals.

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Treatment of renal colic and their provoking diseases

The main treatment for kidney colic is pain relief or pain relief. Restoration of the patency of the urinary tract, elimination of edema and tissue stretching, as well as the normal functioning of the kidneys is performed. Treatment and relief of pain is performed with analgesic and antispasmodic drugs, such as Baralgin, No-shpa (Drotaverin), Indomethacin, Diclofenac, Atropine, Papaverine, Nitroglycerin. To relieve spasms, you can use a hot water bath or a warm heating pad.

If the cause of colic in the kidneys is urolithiasis, then treatment is prescribed depending on the stage and severity of the disease. It is possible to use surgery, the use of special drugs or ultrasound to destroy stones and remove them from the body.

Folk remedies for treating kidney diseases are also widely used. These include decoctions of chamomile, rose hips, lingonberry leaves.

Comprehensive treatment, adherence to diet and fluid intake has a fairly reliable and lasting therapeutic effect.

In especially difficult cases, with the appearance of renal colic, compulsory hospitalization is required. Such cases include:

Unsatisfactory physical well-being of the patient or old age.
One kidney missing.
Bilateral renal colic.
Complications after taking drugs or drug intolerance.
Lack of a positive reaction to the administration of drugs.
Poor living conditions.

During the treatment of colic, it is necessary to observe complete rest or semi-bed rest, adhere to a strict diet, which excludes spicy, salty, smoked food, and also restricts the use of chocolate, some types of dairy products, meat in excessive quantities. When organizing nutrition for patients with renal colic, fresh bread and pastries, legumes, mushrooms and mushroom broths, hot sauces, smoked meats, fatty foods, spicy and salty cheeses, eggs, garlic, onions, and seasonings are excluded from the diet. Salt-free diet for patients with colic in the kidneys should be based on the treatment table number 10, focused on limiting the energy saturation of the diet and eliminating kidney and liver irritating ingredients, sauces and seasonings.