Rotavirus infection in a child of 10 months. Rotavirus in children: symptoms, treatment and measures to efficiently prevent rotavirus infection. Incubation period of rotavirus infection

Rotaviruses often become the cause of severe diarrhea, vomiting, high temperature in children. Nine out of ten babies at a biennium were already infected. Rotavirus infection in young children proceeds hard, the body loses water, salts due to diarrhea and vomiting. Infants are vaccinated, and in the case of complications are hospitalized to protect against intoxication and dehydration.

The first part of the name Rotavirus translated from Latin means "wheel", which is associated with a rounded form of viral particles. Doctors are known eight types of rotavirus - from A to N. For a person, the first three are infected with the first three, especially Rotavirus Serotype A. The German Federal Institute named after R. Koch published a statistical report on the prevalence of this infection. Every year about 453,000 children are dying in the world under five years after Rotavirus infection. 2.4 million guys are hospitalized with this diagnosis.

Virions are resistant to low temperatures and other conditions of the external environment, but are sensitive to heating and chlorine-containing substances. The most common path of infection is alimentary. Specialists call food and water as the main sources of infection. Often there is a disease in children up to a year who pull toys and other items in the mouth.

After the child got silent, relative immunity is formed. The baby is not protected from infection with other types and serotypes of rotaviruses, whose distribution is changed from year to year.

Children aged from six months to 2-3 years are sick more often, since during this period in the body, antibodies against rotavirus infection are not yet sufficiently produced. Associated with preschoolers and people after 60 years. If middle-aged person has a stomach, diarrhea, then the disease is usually caused by norovirus. Entero-, Rota, Norovirus infections are called people "Intestinal influenza". After recovery, long-term consequences for the health of children is not observed.

The frequency of rotavirus disease

Virions are activated in the cells of the gastrointestinal mucosa, mainly in the small intestine. The incubation period usually lasts from one to five days. During this time, viruses apply throughout the body. Parents of patients and healthy children are often wondering how much the contagious period lasts how soon the child will start recovering, will be able to attend a kindergarten or school.

Experts argue that the risk of transmission of infection from a patient to healthy children is preserved 8-10 days, sometimes longer.

In order to roughly determine how many days the disease lasts, you need to know the duration of all periods - incubation, acute and recovery. After the incubation stage, a sharp period begins, which continues from three to seven days. Recovery will take from four to five days. With successful treatment, the child will be healthy again in 8-10 days, with a severe course of the disease - in three weeks.

Symptoms of rotavirus infection

The disease begins acutely, signs resemble gastroenteritis, but young children still show respiratory syndrome. There is no appetite for the majority of patients, weakness appears. Symptoms of rotavirus infection in children can vary by severity depending on the age and condition of the body. In particular, the kids rapidly increase the body temperature, signs of intoxication increases.

First symptoms

watery diarrhea for several hours;
moderate pain and spasms in the stomach;
chair of gray-yellow color;
often nausea and vomiting;
heat;
flatulence.

Respiratory syndrome is manifested by runny nose, inflammation and redness in the throat, pain when swallowing. An adult infected person is experiencing only a slight ailment, a slight intestinal disorder. The disease sometimes flows without all the symptoms listed above. However, if there is one infected child or an adult in the team alternately, the rest are sick.

Leading symptoms of rotavirus infection in children - vomiting and watery chair. The combination of diarrhea and high temperature is very dangerous for the child's body, dehydration occurs.

Signs of dehydration in children with rotavirus disease

reducing urinary, infants are less urine in diapers than usual;
dry language and mucous membranes, thirst;
excited state, plasticity;
confused;
sunken eyes;
lost.

The body loses many liquids and mineral salts, which affects the symptoms and treatment of the disease. Flu-like state, namely cough, fever, pain in the body, are more often celebrated in a breast child than a preschooler or schoolboy. The symptoms are growing for 4-7 days, then slowly go to no.

Diagnosis of rotavirus infection

Rotaviruses are very infectious and easily transmitted, they can quickly spread among people, which cause epidemics. Doctors take into account characteristic features as a group nature of the disease, a sharp beginning of the disease. In Russia, more than 90% of cases of rotavirus infection fall on the period from November to April, that is, at the cold season of the year. The peak of morbidity covers February and March.

The plot pediatrician at the reception inspects the child and formulates the initial diagnosis. Laboratory tests are carried out to eliminate other viral infections, gastrointestinal diseases. After all, diarrhea, vomiting and stomach pain provoke many factors. The exact diagnosis is based on the results of several studies.

Vomiting occurs about 95% of cases of rotavirus infection, diarrhea is preserved for 2-3 days longer than with other gastrointestinal diseases.

Specific antigen towards rotaviruses are detected by immunoassay laboratory analysis (ELISA). Molecular biological studies allow you to directly detect the virus in the samples of feces. The use of the polymerase chain reaction method makes it possible to accurately determine the virion serotype. All listed analyzes are expensive.

Use of drugs in infecting rotavirus

Acute diarrhea or diarrhea - liquid and rapid chair when water loss is more than 10 ml per 1 kg of body weight per day. Together with the liquid, the patient is losing electrolytes - sodium, potassium and chlorine. For the treatment of "water-" Diarrhea, doctors are not recommended to accept "Imodium" and similar funds. Experts Academy of Pediatrics in the United States stated back in 1996 that antiharyaic pharmacological drugs are not recommended to be used in acute diarrhea in children. It has been established that drugs for reducing the intestines of intestines are dangerous in acute diarrhea.

Treatment of rotavirus infection in children is symptomatic, lies in the fight against intoxication and dehydration. Negative consequences for cardiovascular and urinary systems are also associated with these violations. Syrups / pills with paracetamol or ibuprofen (antipyretic and painkillers) are prescribed from medications.

Doctors can write out antiemetic drugs, and to reduce intoxication - "Smekt", "Ataptulgit", carbon activated. According to WHO, these sorbents do not affect diarrhea and the volume of lost fluid. Pancreatic enzymes are not shown in the acute period, and the use of "but-shops" is justified during spasms. Suspension and tablets "Enterofuril" are prescribed when infecting entero, orthuts to prevent the growth of bacterial superinfection.

Antiviral medicines do not help with the main clinical manifestations of rotavirus infection - enteritis and gastroenteritis.

After a long use of antibiotics, the dysbacteriosis is corrected using bifidum-and lactobacilli drugs. Recommendations, how to treat rotavirus infection in children, there are many. However, it should be remembered that the doctor should appoint pharmacological preparations and determine the duration of the course should a doctor.

Fighting dehydration

Parents should pay more attention to the fact that it is possible to give a child, and what is contraindicated for him. Food and drinking for babies under 1 year - breast milk or adapted mixtures. However, the patient must use liquids more than usually drinking their age. It is necessary to replenish water losses with vomit masses and a liquid chair. Therefore, in the interruptions between feedings, there are still unsweetened herbal tea, water. If in severe cases, the child cannot suck, drink, then the need for fluid in the hospital is replenished with infusion therapy (intravenous solution of solutions).

Sick child give bottled water, strong unsweetened tea, diluted fruit juices. It is allowed to drink low-fat chicken broth, kissel, compote from apples, decractions from dried berries of black currant and raspberry. Milk-based beverages, gas production should be avoided. Sick children are not suitable for juices with a high content of fructose, sucrose or sorbitol. Sweet, sour, salted binds water in the body.

Allowed food and dishes

The main problem is for many parents: how to feed the child with a rotavirus infection, which is excluded from the diet. For infants, it is important to maintain the power of maternal milk, prevent the pause between feeding for more than 6 hours. Breast milk, saturated with enzymes, vitamins, immunoglobulins, will help the small body to fight rotavirus. A hypolactasy is associated with this infection, therefore the use of low-bertistic mixtures is justified. Ducitive in the sharp period is not necessary.

What to remove from the diet of the patient child

millet, pearl and burglar cereals;
confectionery;
milk products;
cocoa, chocolate;
black bread;
pasta;
sucrose.

Sick children can not eat fresh bread, soups cooked on fat broth, borshs, pickles, sausages. It should be limited or completely eliminating the use of salt. Under the ban are smoked meat, fatty varieties of meat, birds and fish, cheese, canned food. Enhance irritation and fermentation in the intestines. Cucumbers, white cabbage, radish.

That you can eat baby

boiled and steamed non-fat meat, chicken breast;
beets, carrots, cauliflower in boiled form;
porridge rice and semolina on water, without oil;
wheat bread (dried);
soup on vegetable broth;
white bread crackers;
boiled non-fat fish;
mashed potatoes;
water cottage cheese.

The main rule - a sick child must take food often, in small portions.

Therapeutic diet eliminates the use of solid milk and dishes with its use, fermented milk products. Causes - enhancing fermentation, enzyme failure, which provokes inflammation of the small intestine (enteritis). Rotavirus infection is accompanied by a decrease in appetite, but children need to receive adequate nutrition for their age. Compliance with the recommendations of doctors and nutritionists helps to quickly cope with the inflammatory process, speed up recovery.

Hygienic rules for children and adults

During the disease, after a rotavirus infection, it is necessary to regularly wash your hands, avoid contacts with other patients with children, adults. It is recommended to use chlorine-containing disinfectants in the sharp period, to regularly wash and clean everything that is used to care for a sick child. The rule applies primarily dishes, toys, door handles, sinks in the bathroom and kitchen, toilet bowl.

An infected child should not attend kindergarten or school all the contagious period.

Hospital also complies with hygienic rules and precautions. Disposable gloves use special disinfectants. Despite the measures taken, the rotaviruses remain in the list of the most common in-hospital intestinal infections in infants and young children.

Only sanitary and hygienic events will not be able to protect the child from infection, given the environmental sustainability of the causative agent of the disease. Rotavirus survives for a long time on the skin, toys, other solid objects and surfaces, in drinking water, in swimming pools. Virion has high stability against soap and most disinfectants. It is almost impossible to avoid contacts with contaminated viruses with objects and surfaces. In addition, the infection is often transmitted through food.

Vaccination to prevent disease

The past few years, the World Health Organization's experts recommend vaccination as an effective means of preventing rotavirus diseases. At the disposal of doctors there are vaccines, "Rotarix" and "Rotatete"allowed for use in pediatrics. Preparations contain lively weakened, therefore, non-pathogenic strains of rotavirus. In the first week after the introduction of the initial dose, the child's condition may worsen (about 1-2 cases per 100,000 vaccinated children).

Infectious diseases in children deliver a lot of trouble their parents. Rotavirus infection is one of the most unpleasant and unexpected. Yesterday, a healthy child today becomes sluggish, loses appetite, complains that the belly hurts. What if the baby has diarrhea and vomiting? How to determine the presence of rotavirus infection, and is it possible to speed up the recovery? We will talk about all this and many other things in the article.

Determination of rotavirus infection

Rotavirus infection - a frequent cause of malaise in children. Its name is due to the pathogen - rotavirus, which under the microscope resembles the wheel that the "Rota" is written in Latin. This disease is characterized by diarrhea and / or vomiting, sometimes with high temperatures. As a rule, it is impossible to stop the development of infection until all stages pass the disease.

A characteristic feature of the disease is its infinity. Many notice that it is possible to get infected from a person recently by Rotavirus. If someone from the family picked up the infection, as a rule, it is necessary to take almost all households. In the people, this disease is called "intestinal flu", but it is incorrect. The flu virus is introduced into the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract, and the rotavirus is replicated (doubles the DNA molecules) in the small intestine.

Causes of the disease

Rotavirus can be picked up in any season, but more often it affects the population in the spring and autumn. Cause of infection - unwashed hands, contact with sick. However, according to the observations of doctors, often infection occurs in the process of communication or use of the same household items.

When the rotavirus enters the intestine, it begins to actively multiply. In this case, the virus penetrates the cell epithelium cells than it causes them to transformation and detachment. Fabrics cease to effectively absorb carbohydrates, absorption of milk sugar is broken. At the same time, the virus is very resistant to the aggressive medium of the stomach and intestines, since it has an almost impermeable shell consisting of three protein layers.

Characteristic symptoms of infection

Sometimes the rotavirus is masked under ARVI or typical poisoning. To determine what is the cause of malaise, you should know the characteristic symptoms of infection. According to statistics, children in the age gap of 1-3 years are more susceptible to infections. Consider the peculiarities of the disease infant to the year and the child of preschool age, as well as the main signs of rotavirus infection.

Features of the course of the disease in infant

How does the disease occur in the infant? In a child who is breastfeeding, the danger of getting minimal. In maternal milk there are substances that protect the baby from the virus, familiar with his mom. In this regard, it is not recommended to interrupt feeding even when a nursing woman has symptoms of the disease. In this case, the infants safely worries a dangerous period without consequences. This explains the relatively low percentage of children to six months among the fallen.

The probability of picking up Rotavirus is higher in kids who are on Iv. However, if a mixture of high quality - there are probiotics, vitamins and trace elements, the croche is also well protected from infection.

If the infection occurred, and the child fell ill, the symptoms of the rotavirus in children of the first year of life are not always pronounced:

The first 2-3 days after infection is the incubation period that proceeds without features. During this time, microorganisms are pierced into the intestines.
Next comes the period intensification of the virus. In infections, this infection is manifested in the form of jerking and diarrhea. The child's chair is abundant and almost always watery, without blood impurities. Defecation at a one-year-old kid can occur up to 15 times a day. It is precisely in this that the danger of the disease is - the child rapidly loses water, electrolytes, sugar and salts. At the same time, the crumbs often deteriorate appetite, which aggravates the problem. Such symptoms may per day lead to irreversible consequences if it does not take action on time.

Kids Rotavirus is not always easily identified. The fact is that in the norm of the chair in the child up to a year quite liquid, and the number of defecates per day reaches 5 times. In addition, the infants have a rarely accompanied by high temperatures.

Disease in child preschool and younger school age

The most brightly disease occurs in children of preschool age (up to 7 years). More often there are three main symptoms:

high temperature, reaching up to 40 ° C, which is marked in 1-2 day of the disease;
pain in the epigastric region and below the abdomen;
diarrhea and / or vomiting - lasts from 1 to 5 days.

Often, but not always, the disease has signs of Orz. The child has a blush throat, rhinitis, light cough begins.

Despite the fact that the main symptoms disappear in a few days, residual phenomena can disturb the child over the next weeks two. The child complains that he has a stomach hurt after eating, a chair is periodically laughing.

How does infection occur and how long does the incubation period last?

Rotavirus infection in children is considered a "dirty hand disease" and is transmitted by fecal-oral. In a contagious person, there is a huge amount of viruses together with feces. Thus, not too thorough hygiene leads to the infection of others.

You can pick up an intestinal infection by using non-soaked vegetables on which the virus can be stored even in the refrigerator. Often the transmission of rotavirus infection is carried out in the process of communication, that is, the infection can occur with air-droplet. This is explained by the fact that Rotavirus is often accompanied by inflammation of the upper respiratory tract. The contagious man sneezes, coughs, spreading pathogenic microorganisms.

How long does the incubation period last? Latent (incubatory) period when the virus has already fallen into the body, but it does not appear, can last from 12 hours before the week. It is more often limited to two days.

Preparations for treating at home

It is impossible to affect any drugs to rotavirus, it is not treated with antibiotics. In severe disease, hospitalization is shown. However, in most cases, the child is treated at home.

The main task of parents is to help the patient to fill the water balance, and do not allow the body to lose too much fluid. In addition, symptomatic treatment is shown.

Pain relief

Abdominal pain at rotavirus infection occurs quite often. Possible headache, lubricating in the body. Other signs of intoxication of the body. Remove the pain in the stomach is not easy - but absorbents can be used. It is recommended to take into the smect, activated carbon, athoxyl, enterosgel (more in the article :). At the same time, such drugs are not used to treat, they are ineffective in the fight against the virus. The task of sorbents is to reduce intoxication, facilitate the state. They are usually used in poisoning.

Headache is removed by children's painkillers - ibuprofen, paracetamol. You can use these drugs both in the form of syrup and in the form of suppositories. Due to the fact that the child has diarrhea can be combined with vomiting, it is not always possible to use these funds.

Preparations for rehydration (elimination of dehydration)

As mentioned above, the main way to cure an intestinal infection is the replenishment of the water-salt balance. It is recommended to drink a kid with water, compote, tea with small portions. If you allow crude to drink a glass of liquid at once, it is possible that his harden. If you give the baby a teaspoon of water, it will instantly start to be absorbed into the walls of the stomach. To speed up the absorption of the fluid and reduce the likelihood of vomiting, it is desirable to warm water to the body temperature of the child.

An excellent way to restore the water-electrolytic ratio - reghydration solutions. Pharmacies sell the powder, which before taking, needs to be divorced by water. You should take a child with a child in the same way as any liquid - low doses, warming up to the body temperature. For infants use special composition, for example, human electrolyte. As a last resort, it is possible to add water to the powder to add two times more.

The rehydration solution can be prepared at home. It is enough to stir in a glass of water on 1 teaspoon of salt and sugar.

How to bring down the temperature?

On the first day or two after the start of the disease, the baby has a high temperature. It is necessary to knock down if the thermometer indicators exceed the mark at 38 ° C. You can use antipyretic, intended for children. During diarrhea, suppositories do not apply, it is better to give a medicine in the form of a syrup.

A good way to bring down the temperature (at 0.5 to 1 degrees) - cleansing enema. Water for enema is used cool, but not less than 28-30 degrees.

If the temperature does not come down, it is necessary to cause emergency assistance. Doctors make an injection by applying a combination of several drugs.

Is it possible to give funds against diarrhea and how to restore the work of the garter?

Many parents, trying to stop the child's diarrhea faster, use all sorts of means of diarrhea. However, they will most likely not help. While the virus does not pass all the stages of its development - the diarrhea will continue.

However, it makes sense to use probiotics that will help restore the normal intestinal microflora after an acute period of the disease. The doctor can also assign enzymes (to facilitate the work of the pancreas), prebiotics. These drugs are better not to apply without a consultation with the pediatrician, so as not to aggravate the problem.

Dietary diet

During treatment, it is important to comply with the diet. The first 4-6 hours feed the baby is not necessary, it is desirable to ensure that it receives a liquid in the form of water, compote, regdational solutions. Then form a diet so that it has dishes, easy to assimilate. You can also follow the rules of the diet for the pancreas. You can offer a child:

potato mashed potatoes on water;
light soup on water;
for 3-4 days, it is possible to give ferocular products;
crackers or dried white bread;
silent porridge begin to give after a sharp period passes.

Powding must remain without any changes. It can be water and feed it with breasts or mixture on demand. During this period, it is better not to give vegetables (if the baby is already obtained by luch), the exception is mashed potatoes.

Preventive measures

Useful tips for suspected Rotavirus in children

It is almost impossible to protect the rotavirus. According to statistics, almost every kid has time to overcome this disease under 3 years old. However, reasonable measures of the prevention of intestinal infection may well help avoid the disease in the case when possible. Among preventive measures, you can distinguish quarantine of sick, compliance with the rules of personal hygiene. However, vaccination is the most efficient way of prevention.

Quarantine patients

As we have already mentioned, the transmission of the virus occurs through unwashed hands, and can also be carried out by air-droplet. In this regard, healthy family members makes sense to protect against a fallen person. If possible, the patient should be placed in a separate room, and care for it to instruct someone one.

Dishes, hygiene products should be their family member. Rotavirus is well tolerated low temperatures, but dies when boiling and processing objects of life with antiseptic solutions (alcohol). Hence the conclusion - cups, plates and cutlery can be poured with boiling water, and the toilet seat, the valves of the mixers process with antiseptic means.

Personal hygiene

Personal hygiene is an important factor in the treatment and prevention of the disease

The child is important since childhood to instill personal hygiene rules. Wash your hands before meals, it follows not only at home, but also in kindergarten, in a school canteen. Many parents buy in pharmacies antiseptics for hands, which you can wipe the palms before meals in a public place. Also explain the son or daughter, that there is no unwashed fruit, vegetables, if someone from his comrades treated apple on change.

Rotavirus vaccine

Vaccination is the most reliable and efficient way to protect yourself from infection. To date, several variations of the virus have been revealed, but the vaccination was developed only from stakes type A. Two types of vaccines from different manufacturers are used - Rotarix and Rotateq. They are used orally, each contains a weakened Rotavirus.

The effectiveness of these funds is proved - a grafted person is much easier to transfers the disease or is not infected at all. However, only in some countries, vaccination refers to the planned, in others it is applied at the request of patients.

Possible complications of the disease

Rotavirus is a common infection, and almost everything is sick. Consider the likely complications of this condition:

In the first place - dehydration of the body, which sometimes leads to a fatal outcome. How to protect yourself? It is important to ensure that the baby get enough liquid. The child does not want or can not drink? Hospitalization is needed - in the hospital he will be dripped.
When untimely stopping heat, the high temperature can give complications on the heart, brain and other organs.
After the exacerbation period, the intestinal dysbiosis is possible. To avoid the consequences to give the child probiotics, fermented dairy products.
Long inxication can provoke diseases of the pancreas, liver, etc.

If you go competently during exacerbation - to drink rehydration solutions, to shoot down the temperature if necessary, there should be no complications. In the event of atypical manifestations, urgent help should be called.

Content

This disease causes inflammation in the upper respiratory tract and digestive organs. A child can be infected with a rotavirus infection for various reasons, and an adult will be sick. However, children in children proceeds much more difficult than parents.

What is a rotavirus infection in a child

This disease in children is provoked by pathogenic viruses that affect the patient's gastrointestinal tract. For acute form, the development of fever, the appearance of nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, increase body temperature is characterized. The diagnosis of intestinal flu (or rotavirus infection in children) is raised on the basis of a whole complex of laboratory analyzes and epidemiological data.

The therapeutic process of this disease includes:

rehydration;
special diet;
disintellation;
receive medicines.

Rotavirus in a child is a disease that is included in the group of viral diarmen. It can be theoretically infected by a person of any age, but in children this ailment is registered more often. Rotavirus infection in children are engaged in gastroenterologists, pediatricians or children's infectiousons. The susceptibility of the kids to this virus is very high. In the first five years of his life, each child transfers intestinal flu, sometimes repeatedly. In greater half of the cases, the infection develops from babies from 3 months to 2 years.

Breasts (up to three months) has a passive immunity to viruses. However, for this, the kid must be on breastfeeding. Otherwise, even a tiny baby can get sick. Recurrements are repeated no earlier than 6-12 months after the child suffered Rotavirus. With repeated infection, the symptoms are transferred to children much easier.

Causes of the disease

Rotavirus infection in children can be transmitted from other diseases or influenza carriers. When you noticed the first signs of illness from your child, he becomes infectious. On the 5th day after the disease, Rotavirus is especially dangerous for others. It is easily transmitted by air-droplet, through dirty hands, toys, door handles, and so on. It is easy to get intestinal flu through the food products with which the patient contacted. If drinking water is drinking, there is also a likelihood of infection, because even chlorine does not kill intestinal flu pathogens.

First signs and symptoms

After contact with the carrier of the virus, the signs of rotavirus infection in children are developing for 13-95 hours (the term depends on the body's ability to retain the virus). There are several different variants of intestinal flu. In the first case, the baby complains about:

sore throat;
dry cough;
runny nose;
conjunctivitis.

In the second case, the following symptoms can be detected:

nausea;
diarrhea;
signs of poisoning;
gastroenteritis;
pain in the abdomen.

Another option of the course of the disease is characteristic of young children:

the baby is sluggish or, on the contrary, capricious;
refuses to eat;
pods legs to the tummy.

Incubation period of rotavirus infection

After infection, the rotavirus infection lives for several days in the body, and it moves into the sharp form later. How many incubation period lasts in children depends on the characteristics of the body. As a rule, it is 1-5 days. At this time, the particles of the virus are actively multiplied and accumulated. Ill children may not express complaints and feel fine. However, by the end of the incubation period, weakness, nausea, diarrhea and temperature 38 in the child will appear.

To avoid complications and speed up recovery, parents can begin to treat a rotavirus infection of their children already at this stage. To do this, it is worth strengthening food, giving vitamins, minerals to a patient. However, it is worth noting that this period for parents can remain unnoticed due to the lack of symptoms, therefore the prevention measures will not be superfluous if an outbreak of intestinal flu is observed in kindergarten or a healthy baby had contact with infected children.

How and how to treat Rotavirus in children

There is no specific method of treating intestinal influenza. Therapy is aimed at eliminating symptoms. A diet is very important at a rotavirus infection, because the baby needs strength to fight a poor. In addition, the doctor will appoint medication: antispasmodics, immunotropic, antipyretic. It is very important to take children's antibiotics to destroy the particles of the virus.

How to treat rotavirus infection:

Assigns antibacterial candles: Viferon or Lipferon. The dose should be calculated taking into account the age of the patient, the rate of reception of 5 days.
Fighting dehydration or rehydration. The patient provides abundant warm drink, which can fill the lost liquid and maintain the normal operation of the kidneys. Begin to give fluid from a teaspoon, gradually increasing the volume. For this, special solutions (oralitis, regiders, humana) are suitable, chamomile decoction, boiled water, rice decoction, compote from dried fruits unsweetened.
To purify the body from toxins, they take white coal or smect.
To reduce body temperature, you can take a nurofen syrup, children's paracetamol or cefekon candles.
The fallen kid is recommended to wipe the salt salt (on 1 part of the water 1 part of the salt). It will protect it from seizures against the background of high body temperature.
If the baby has a stomach hurts, then they give a nipple, probiotic lacidophil, robal.

Than feeding the child when rotavirus infection:

rice porridge;
mashed potatoes;
bananas;
cracker, Branca;
infants are translated on a mixture without lactose;
eliminate dairy products, sauces, fried, oily, vegetable and meat supplements.

Possible complications and consequences

Incurable flu with improper treatment leads to a variety of complications:

Dehydration that can lead to death. To prevent it, you need to start the babble of the baby in a timely manner or contact the hospital, where you will appoint a dropper.
The acetonemic state of the kid. At the same time, ketone bodies accumulate in the body of the patient, which are negatively affecting the brain. Provokes this complication of the lack of carbohydrates, which are consumed in the disease process.
Clear can develop on the soil of high temperature. To prevent them, the body of the baby is constantly cooled, rubbed with salted mortar.

Rotavirus Prevention

To avoid infection with rotavirus infection, it is recommended to follow the rules of hygiene. In addition, feeding junior family members needs only fresh products that have been thermal processing. Moisten the air in the children's room, constantly ventilate the premises in the house. If someone in the family has witnessed, then limit the contact of the baby with him. There are vaccinations from intestinal influenza, which are assigned only if desired (not included in the vaccination plan). This method is especially effective for kids up to 2 years.

Video: As transmitted and gastric flu is transmitted in children - Komarovsky

Attention! The information presented in the article is familiarized. Article materials do not call for independent treatment. Only a qualified doctor may diagnose and give recommendations on treatment, based on the individual characteristics of a particular patient.

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Intestinal infection did not bypass a single person. Each (regardless of the state of immunity, gender and race) at least once suffered this ailment. And to those who have recently recently appeared, to pass Rotavirus yet. That is why the famous children's doctor Evgeny Komarovsky considers his duty to tell parents, which is this disease and how to actually act when the child will get sick.

About illness

Rotavirus infection is one of the varieties of acute intestinal infection. It is caused by a special type of virus - Rotavirus, in the people of this disease is often called "intestinal flu."

Evgeny Komarovsky emphasizes that the influenza virus and some kind of determined strains of Rotavir does not have any relationship. Any influenza is able to multiply and exist only on the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract. Everything else with Rotavirus, he "dwells" in the small intestine, and therefore it is not very correct to call it with the influenza.

For the first time a virus (under a microscope resemble a wheel with hubs and a rim, and therefore called "Rota" - the wheel (lat.) Was discovered in 1973 by Australian researchers. 98% of children under the age of 3 years have ever robbed by this ailment (by Existing medical statistics). The virus is transmitted by contact path - fecal-oral, this is the people called "dirty hand disease."

To infected the baby can from a sick person through toys, door handles, dishes, household items.The virus is extremely infectious. Specific immunity to rotavirus although it is produced, but it almost does not matter, since this agent has a lot of strains and varieties. A person attack completely different "modifications" of rotavirus (their science is known more than 9, and mutations are still continuing).

All varieties of this virus are rather resistant to low temperatures, the effects of sun rays and air. Pretty long time Rotavirus survives in the spring and sea water.

The incubation period is the time that passes after the virus enters the body, until the moment when the acute stage of the disease begins. In different children, this period of time varies.

The virus accumulates, is replicated, as a rule, within 3-7 days. The very disease lasts about 2-3 days, at least 5 days the body is restored after recovery.

The child is infected all the time from the moment of infection until the end of the reducing period. Even if the baby is already feeling good, quite viable virus microparticles continue to be distinguished with the cartoons.

That is why Komarovsky strongly does not recommend immediately after the child has become better, send it to a kindergarten or to school. This will definitely lead to a massive infection in the children's team.

The likelihood of rotavirus infection in any degree does not depend on the pureliness of the family.Even if the mother washes everything for several times a day and vacuums, if forces Choo every hour to wash the handles with soap, carefully monitors the quality of each product, which falls on the table, does not allow drinking water of dubious origin - all this does not reduce the risk of rotavirus.

Most often, the virus attacks children aged 6 months to 2 years. In general, in the risk group there are children from birth to 5 years. In the newborn, this ailment occurs somewhat less often, since the child's "congenital" immunity, which usually grabs usually have a maximum of six months, has the first six months after its appearance. Then the crumb is becoming more vulnerable.

The World Health Organization provides such numbers: every day about 125 million children are infected on our planet Rotavirus. Most recovering pretty quickly and independently. 2 million kids fall into hospitals, about 500 thousand karapuses die, but not from the most rotavirus infection, but from severe complications that occur during its flow.

Symptoms

Evgeny Komarovsky claims that the absolute majority of cases of inexplicable diarrhea in kids up to three years are a manifestation of rotavirus infection. In other words, if the child eating all that is usually, and he does not have signs of food poisoning, the chair disorder in 99% of cases indicates an attack of this particular type of viruses.

Rotavirus infection is manifested by water diarrhea. To distinguish it from poisoning (disorders caused by bacteria) is quite simple - the main tip for parents should be the consistency of the carts. Cashitzny diarrhea is more likely when poisoning food. The diarrhea "with a water" is a viral diarrhea, and other options, according to Evgenia Komarovsky, no.

With viral diarrhea, the feces have a grayish color and a very sharp unpleasant smell. For 2-3 days, the contents of a pot acquire clay consistency and yellowish gray color. Sour odor is saved.

Rotavirus infection is characteristic of a sudden sharp start - with an increase in temperature, vomiting. Sometimes vomits may have a specific smell of acetone, similarly can smell from the mouth from the child. At the next stage, enteritis and gastroenteritis develops, diarrhea (up to 10-12 trips to the toilet per day). Minor respiratory manifestations may appear - a runny nose, a throat ring, a pain when swallowing, cough.

About treatment

The diarrhea with a rotavirus infection usually takes place in 2-3 days, but pays a rather serious danger of dehydration. Almost all deaths that occurred at the same time, there were precisely due to the critical loss of fluid, strong dehydration. The younger child, the faster he develops dehydration, the more the rotavirus for him. The most difficult infection proceeds in infants.

Heavy complication that gives rotavirus with strong dehydration - pneumonia. Many cases of dehydration are complicated by serious impaired nervous system. Especially dangerous Rotavirus and state of dehydration for children with insufficient weight.

The main thing is that parents must learn to do - not even determine what kind of diarrhea has a baby, and you can quickly appreciate whether there have signs of dehydration. Evgeny Komarovsky recommends in all cases the appearance of diarrhea in a small child to contact the doctor. But it is impossible to sit at the spot without anything - it is necessary to watch carefully.

If the baby becomes dry, he begins to cry without tears, it does not write more than 6 hours and practically does not sweat - this is a good reason for urgent call to "ambulance". If the baby began to lose consciousness, his eyes "sealed", and the features of the face "sharpened", his high temperature rose - these are symptoms extremely dangerous, they indicate strong dehydration. Doctors assistance is required immediately.

In the event of a dehydration, a child who cannot drink a sufficient amount of fluid to restore the balance in the body needs to be administered intravenously. This will be founded in the hospital.

If there are no signs of dehydration, parents may well cope with rotavirus intestinal infection on their own. And here the main therapy will be prevented by the onset of dehydration. For this child you need to pour. The more often the better. Drinking should be not cold and not hot, but an exceptionally room temperature, since this liquid is as quickly as possible in the small intestine. If the baby refuses to drink sips, it needs to be a teaspoon and more often, but he must drink.

Next, Dr. Komarovsky advises to give special medicines that should be in the first-aid kit of each family, in which there are kids - Means for oral rehydration (for example, "regider", "Human electrolyte"). If there is no such drug, it is not possible, Evgeny Komarovsky recommends that you take advantage of the recipe approved by the World Health Organization: 2 spoons of sugar are taken on a liter of water and a spoonful of soda. The task of parents is to drink Choo with this salt solution at any cost. If it does not work, it is better to immediately call "ambulance".

First aid

In general, Komarovsky says the algorithm of reasonable parental actions when child diarrhea should always look like this:

Abundant warm drink.Frequent and fractional. Conventional water and brine. If the child has writes every 3 hours, it means that it consumes sufficient liquid to prevent dehydration. If you do not get it possible, even with a disposable syringe without a needle - call ambulance.
Little baby put on the side so that in the case of an attack of vomiting it does not choke with the lots of vomit.
Antipyretic means- Only if the temperature is above 38.5.
Follow the condition of the child, prevent dehydration.At the first symptoms of dehydration - call an ambulance.
Do not feed. If it is very asked - to give liquid porridge or mashed potatoes in small quantities.

Before the arrival of the doctor, leave a diaper with wheel masses or save the sample of the contents of the pot to demonstrate this to the doctor. So the doctor will be able to quickly diagnose the disease, and the probability of error will be reduced (rotavirus, for example, is very similar in the initial stage on the cholere).

A big mistake is to give the child antibiotics. The disease has a viral origin, and antibacterial drugs are completely powerless against viruses. To treat them a child with viral diarrhea is a real parental crime, since this not only does not benefit, but also increases the likelihood of the onset of complications.

Another error that may be expensive to parents - the unauthorized assignment of opposing drugs (for example, "enterofurila").When rotavirus, virus particles (more precisely, their microparticles) are out of rotavirus. Therefore, stop diarrhea - it means to extend the disease, leave particles of viruses in a small intestine, where they will continue to destroy beneficial cells for some time. You do not need to fight diarrhea, this is a protective mechanism.

Another error is the effectiveness of antiviral agents with intestinal infection.The doctor caused to the house with a lot of probability will appoint something antiviral, because, according to Komarovsky, no doctor wants to lead long talk about the benefits of abundant drinking and thereby take responsibility for the situation.

Take or not designated tablets or syrups - to solve you. But Komarovsky reminds that there is no antiviral drug in the nature of antiviral drugs with clinically proven effectiveness. Moreover, the effectiveness of these drugs has been proven with respect to a specific pathogen - Rotavirus.

It is worth abandoning homeopathic remedies ("Anaferon", "Ocillocycinum").With their effectiveness and proven action, it is still more departing, and the purchase of such drugs, according to Evgenia Komarovsky, will become just an extra burden for the family budget.

Grafting from Rotavirus

Many countries have already included vaccination against rotavirus intestinal infection in mandatory national vaccination calendars. There is no such mandatory practice in Russia. Rotavirus vaccination, according to the reports of Western specialists, helps to reduce the incidence of 80% and reduces the risk of fatal outcome by 45%. That is, the contamination remains possible, but the flow of the disease will be easier.

Today in Russia you can make a vaccination from rotavirus, but only in private - in paid clinics. Two types of vaccine are used - American "Rotatek" and Belgian "Rotarix".

Both vaccines are accepted orally (in the form of droplets in the mouth). Both are in its composition artificially weakened in the laboratory conditions of a lively rotavirus in small quantities.

In most cases, the vaccine does not cause allergic reactions and side effects, it is quite easily transferred even to the most small patients. Recommended vaccination dates - from 1.5 months to six months.Children older do vaccination inexpedient. One of the vaccines is accepted twice (with a break in 45 days), the second - in three receptions (with similar interruptions), and therefore it is better to make it in 2 and 4 months, and the second vaccine is taken according to the scheme - 2-4-5.5 months .

Naturally, vaccination will not make a child who is clarified at the moment, also a vaccination from Rotavirus is contraindicated to kids with congenital vices of the gastrointestinal tract. No special preparation for rotavirus vaccination is not required.

During the acute phase of the disease, it is not worth feeding a child if he does not ask for food himself.

Strict diet should be adhered to not only during treatment, but some time after recovery:fully exclude from the menu whole milk and dairy products, sweet fruits, pastries, meat, and oily and fried dishes. It is useful to eat porridge on water, vegetable soups, crackers from white bread, baked apples in the oven. It is necessary to feed often and small portions.

It is not impossible to completely small children with rotavirus infection in breast milk, nutrition restrictions are not administered, but they monitor the drinking to be abundant. Breast milk in itself contains the nature itself of the envisaged antiviral components, which will help the crumb in the process of recovery.

Occasionally, with a severe flow of rotavirus infection, infancy or partial intolerance of breast milk may occur due to the occurrence of an enzyme deficit. In this case, it is necessary to reduce the amount of breastfeeding and temporarily add to the diet of the baby (until complete recovery) of the misfortural children's mixtures.

A child's rattavirus is not necessary to lay in bed. If he has a high temperature, the bed mode is necessary. In all other cases, he must lead a normal lifestyle - to play, walk. Of course, it is worth staying away from the courtyard playground, so as not to distribute Rotavirus on other children, but a walk in a light-headed park or a square will benefit.

Effective prophylaxis of rotavirus, according to Komarovsky, should be in vaccination.Only then you need to wash your hands, necessarily with soap, wash vegetables and fruits, follow the quality of water that the child drinks. Justice For the sake of the doctor notes that no hygienic tricks can guarantee a low probability of infection. Therefore, in countries of developed and civilized, and in the "Third World" countries, the incidence of incidence is at the same high level.

If you are going to ride the sea with a small child, Komarovsky strongly recommends a vaccine from rotavirus. Recently, this intestinal infection has become quite widespread in the resorts, where children are infected with water. The most often specialists of Rospotrebnadzor "signal" about the unfavorable situation because of this ailment on the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus, in the Crimea and on the coasts of Bulgaria.

Rotavirus infection in a child - frequent illness. A rather large number of children under five years endile this trouble.

Rotavirus infection or, as they speak in the people, intestinal flu, delivers discomfort and painful sensations, and their parents are troubles, anxiety and concerns for the health of the kid.

Therefore, that moms feel more prepared, in the article we will tell about how a rotavirus infection has a rotavirus infection in children, the treatment at home will also be completely revealed.

Description

Rotavirus infection relates to acute intestinal infections. The disease is caused by the pathogen called "Rotavirus": from here, actually, and its name.

People at any age can get infected and get sick, however, more often, there is still no-creation of children aged half a year to five years.

The disease applies to the area of \u200b\u200bthe nasopharynx and the digestive system. If a rotavirus infection fell ill with an adult, he will "survive" the disease easily, most likely, do not even have to sit on the hospital.

But, unfortunately, children suffer a harm is much more complicated.

Typically, Rotavirus is transmitted to children through an infected person, including an adult who does not suspect that he is a carrier of infection.

The virus, hitting the children's body, develops immediately "rapid activity", begins to actively multiply. Then the first disturbing and unpleasant symptoms of indisposition begin to manifest.

The peak of "infectiousness" for others falls on the third and fifth day from the beginning of the disease. Most often, the microbes are transmitted through food or water with which they contacted the sick.

In addition, the rotavirus can be transmitted and through insufficiently disassembled hands, any items that used an infected person.

Aerially drip rotavirus is not transmitted. However, this is not a reason to think that the child can calmly talk and communicate with a sick man.

Until now, the medicine experts have not yet come to a common opinion regarding all ways to transfer this virus, so that the "every fireman" is better than the contact of the child with a rotavirus infection carrier to limit completely.

Think about yourself: it is also important for you not to get infection from your sick child. If parents are smeared with the disease, who will then hurt the baby.

Therefore, in order to safely use gloves and mask when careing. In no case do not commend him, do not drink from one cup.

Rotavirus - intestinal flu

Symptoms

The incubation period of the disease lasts from one to four days, and the first messengers of the disease give themselves to know themselves after a half-day after infection.

If the development of the disease is moving according to the standard scheme, then the child has sharply jumps the temperature after the end of the incubation period. And then how much the temperature is kept, depends on the age of the child and its immunity.

In addition, the following unpleasant manifestations begin:

vomiting;
bloating, soreness;
diarrhea.

Chair at the beginning of the development of infection is characteristic: frothy and watery, very liquid. And two or three days later, he becomes green, frightens these many moms on a joke. Moreover, the child is forced to walk to a pot of up to ten times a day.

Due to such a frequent diarrhea, the kid's body is strongly dehydrated. Therefore, it is important to give a child to drink more so that it does not suffer much due to the lack of fluid in the body.

The child refuses meals, sometimes it does not disappear appetite. And, if you can close your eyes for feeding, then you want to eat a child - a vital necessity.

Sometimes there is another choice of illness. In this case, not intestinal, but respiratory symptoms appear first. These include:

soreness in the throat, an allocation;
runny nose;
cough - dry and barking;
sometimes conjunctivitis is possible /

The diarrhea here will also be, however, it will manifest this symptom later. And, in addition, this type of infection can occur without temperature.

In infants manifestations have their own specifics. What symptoms in this case will help parents to recognize the disease:

heat;
lethargy and drowsiness of the child;
crying without an external cause;
failure of a baby from a chest or a bottle;
in the belly baby urchit. In addition, the tummy looks like swollen and tense.

Later begins diarrhea, perhaps - along with vomit. Rotavirus infection of infectiousness is experiencing even harder than older children, since dehydration in this case occurs in a very rapid pace.

If your baby has similar symptoms, urgently call a doctor: a qualified help is needed. And before the arrival of the doctors, drink a child with all possible ways: Although from the bottle, at least from the pipette, even pouring fluid into his mouth with a syringe without a needle.

If you want to know how much a rotavirus infection lasts in children, we are in a hurry to delight you: with the treatment on time, and therapy under the control of specialists, the disease passes rather quickly: usually grabs four to seven days.

But there may be complications that in most cases are caused by severe dehydration.

Important information: If the child has surpassed this type of intestinal infection, it acquires steady immunity to it for the entire subsequent life.

And if you think, it is possible to walk with a child with a rotavirus infection, then we have a rush to assure that pediatricians are allowed to bring the child to fresh air for a while, but only if he feels normally, and there is no temperature.

Complications

Dehydration is dangerous in that it can lead to a severe damage to the children's nervous system. As a result of this defeat, a child may have seizures that sometimes lead even to the respiratory stop.

In addition, dehydration disrupts the normal functioning of the lungs. Often, such a complication ends and inflammation of the lungs.

In medical practice, it has repeatedly happened that the child was really not like a child when the diarrhea began. And then, when the parents still cause an ambulance, the baby had already developed pneumonia in the hospital.

Treatment

We learn what medicines, methods and funds are included in the standard therapy in the rotavirus infection in children: we will deal in detail how to treat, and how to treat this unpleasant infection.

Traditionally applied treatment course includes the following directions:

rehydration;
special diet;
elimination of intoxication;
saving symptoms of the disease.

And as long as the disease is treated, it depends, first of all, from the timeliness of the start of therapy, the immunity of the child, and the clear compliance with all the recommendations of the doctors.

Consider the stages of treatment in more detail.

This method of therapy is aimed at reimbursement of the body of a child's lost fluid. It is done to avoid dangerous dehydration.

When mom gives the baby to drink water or other liquid - it is to rehydrate at home.

This type of therapy is the main at rotavirus infection. He is the first help with this disease. Doctors recommend at home to give the child to the child little to do not arise the problem, how to stop vomiting after an abundant dose of fluid.

The ideal chart of the child's water treatment during an acute rotavirus infection: every five to ten minutes on a tea / dessert spoon. At the same time, carefully follow the condition of the child: if he has no urges to vomiting, a one-time dose of the injected fluid is permissible to increase.

In addition, it is also suitable:

still mineral water;
unsweetened weakly concentrated compote from dried fruit;
rice decoction that helps strengthen the stomach.

ATTENTION: If vomiting goes too often, or you can't drink a child in any ways, it is best to go to the hospital to avoid possible dangerous complications. In the outpatient conditions, the baby will be able to make an intravenous fluid infusion.

In order to remove malicious virus and toxins from the children's body, the following drugs can be used at home:

Enterosgel;
Smect;
White coal;
Enterfuril.

In case of overdose, these drugs are fully capable of making a constation, which is no less unpleasant than diarrhea.

Antipyretic

As already mentioned, the high temperature is not always in children. However, if this symptom occurred, and the temperature exceeded 38 degrees, the child can give such funds as:

Ibuprofen;
Panadol;
effergangan and cefekon candles.

These drugs should be introduced into the children's body, according to the same medical recommendation, and the instructions attached to the medicine.

Try to prevent the burning with antipyretic, clearly follow the observance of the age dosage of drugs.

Rotavirus - the school of Dr. Komarovsky

With rotavirus infection, antibiotics are not treated, since this type of therapy is aimed at eliminating bacterial infections.

To make sure that the child has a rotavirus infection, and not some bacterial malaise, acquire the Rota Express test, and make it at home.

ATTENTION: Antibiotics are prescribed and in the viral nature of the disease, but only if bloody discharges are visible in the feces of the child. In this case, the antibacterial drug Furazolidon can help.

Preparations from diarrhea are not prescribed. In this case, the diarrhea is a protective reaction of the body that helps to get rid of toxins faster. The main thing is to reimburse the lost liquid in a timely fraction of the baby.

If the child complains of severe pain and discomfort in the stomach, you can give him no-shp either riabal.

Antiviral drugs are a mandatory component of complex therapy with this form of infection. Children are recommended safe means based on interferon: for example, viriferon or cycloferon.

You can also apply such a powerful antiviral as an arbidol, but only after coordination with the doctor.

Most often, children's therapy with rotavirus includes the reception of probiotics, since it is always with a given disease, the natural microflora of the digestive tract is oppressed.

Diet

Find out than feeding the child with a rotavirus infection.

It is important to know that rotavirus infection provokes lactose failure, so many familiar products should be excluded from the diet. Such products include all milk and dairy dishes.

In addition, under the ban:

fried and fat;
meat, including meat broths;
various sweets and snobs;
sweet fruits and soda.

And what can you eat, ask you. A logical question, so now we will tell you what a diet will help with a rotavirus infection in children.

Kashi.: Especially rice and buckwheat - a wonderful way to strengthen the stomach, and at the same time give the body forces.
Such - also a proven "fixer" at diarrhea. The same function can perform dry protracted cookies like "Masha" or gallets.
Vegetable and mashed potatoes - Soft wipe dishes, not irritating a sore stomach.
Kissel.
Vegetable broth soup.
Apples baked in the ovenmay temporarily perform the role of dessert. The pectin contained in them will help the child to cope with the disease.

Keep in mind that with the appetite of the baby in the first three days of the disease there may be big problems. If the child these days is abandoned, it is not necessary to introduce him to the food forcibly, but do not forget to poison.

If the infection occurred in a baby on breastfeeding, it is best to reduce the amount of feedings at the time of its fight against illness.

And if the child at heart age is in artificial feeding, it is necessary to replace the mixture with milk content urgently on the misfortural.

Without doubt, the main therapy for rotavirus infection should be traditional medication, however, our ancestors created many interesting recipes and recommendations that can also be used in the treatment of the child.

Before applying any of the home unconventional treatment methods, at first, be sure to consult the pediatrician.

Compote from dried blueberries will help to disinfect the digestive path of the child, and remove the symptoms of inflammation. In addition, this agent remarkably removes toxins from the body.

Durce water safely and gently helps when a child's tummy and meteorism. It is allowed for use and infants. Support dill water as follows: a teaspoon of dry grass pour a glass of steep boiling water, and then an hour to insisted under a closed lid.

After cooling, it needs to be strain, and then give children from two years to half a cup, and infants - on the tablespoon every two hours.

Broth of raspberry leaves helps to take high temperature. In addition, this tool has soft binding properties, which will help to cope with the disorder of digestion. The same characteristics are inherent in the raspberry berries.

Prevention

What preventive measures of rotavirus infection in children will help avoid infection.

Firstly, vaccination against this disease is widely used. This vaccine is introduced to the kids in their first six months of life, and is a weakened strain of rotavirus. After vaccination, the child acquires a persistent immunity to the disease, exactly the same as if he got sideways.

Related methods:

As you see, treatment at home in a child of rotavirus infection is a matter of course troublesome, but necessary and, with timely response, not so long.