Pulmonary hypertension of high degree. Lung hypertension: symptoms and treatment. Symptoms and signs of lung hypertension

Easy hypertension is a complex, multicomponent pathological condition. In the course of its gradual development and disclosure of all clinical signs, the cardiovascular and emeral systems are gradually affected and destabilize. Launched stages of light hypertension and its separate forms can end with a fatal outcome.

Description of the disease

Easy hypertension is a medical term, meaning an increased pressure in the lighting artery system (at rest - 25 mM Mercury pillars, with a load - 30), delivering venous blood to a slight to saturation with its oxygen. This form of hypertension is fundamentally different from the essential, appearing in the human body with age and characterized by increased arterial pressure in the vessels of a large circle of blood circulation (measured using a tonometer and has, as a rule, two digits: systolic (synonym "top") and diastolic (synonym " Lower "). Normally, it usually does not exceed 140 and 90 millimeters of mercury pillar).

Light hypertension (hypertension) is also measured in millimeters of a mercury pillar, but this figure can be found only by passing the ultrasound examination of the heart or the catheterization procedure of a light artery.

LG is considered to be very common pathology (millions live with a small degree of severity in the world, with moderate - hundreds of thousands, with a serious degree - thousands of people). The frequency of occurrence is 65 cases per million people, and the number of patients with primary arterial light hypertension does not exceed 20.

Causes of Liggy Hypertension

LH is divided into two fundamentally different types:

Primary hypertension (synonyms - idiopathic, congenital) is an independent pathology, the cause of its development is unknown.
Secondary LH is an integral part of other diseases.

Both forms are characterized by a long flow.

Causes of secondary light hypertension:

heart diseases: congenital and acquired defects, ischemic disease, arterial hypertension. In this case, there is a violation of the functioning of the heart muscle, valves, partitions;
easy pathology: developmental abnormalities, lung vessel thromboembolism, the growth of connective tissue. The mechanism of development of pathology in such a situation is stagnation of blood in the vessels of lungs, including the main - light arteries. If the cause of the development of the disease was the blockage of the blooducker vessel, hypertension is called thromboembolic or post-grambolic;
diseases causing disorders in the structure of connective tissue - fibrosis, systemic red lupus and others;
diseases causing a change in blood composition (hematological);
the harmful effects of drugs and toxins;

Of all the causes of light hypertension, the primary is 3.5% of cases, with the diseases of the left ventricle (IBS, arterial hypertension) - 78% of cases, with light disease - 10%, thromboembolism make up 1.5%, the remaining - 7%.

Stage Lighting hypertension	Systolic pressure in the light artery	Morphological changes
1 (insignificant)	25-50 mm RT. Art.	thickening of the middle muscular shell of light vessels, the permeability of the arteries is not broken
2 (moderate)	51-75 mm RT. Art.	thickening along with medium shell and inner shell (intima)
3 (pronounced)	76-110 mm RT. Art.	arrangement in the shell of light vessels of connective tissue (sclerosis), decreases their lumen
4 (sharply pronounced)	76-110 mm RT. Art.	irreversible changes in the vessel shell are formed, due to which the exchange of oxygen between alveoli light and venous blood (Eisenmengeneger syndrome) is significantly disturbed.

Symptoms of the disease in adults and children

Easy hypertension symptoms include:

shortness of breath from small to sharply pronounced, especially during exercise;
pain in the heart;
edema legs;
low ability to perform physical exertion;
fast fatiguability;
skin sinusiness;
signs of concomitant diseases;
bad appetite and pallor.

The appearance of symptoms speaks of a long course of the disease, the defeat of the majority vessels and an unfavorable forecast, so the timely diagnosis is important.

Pregnancy at high light hypertension is associated with a large risk for mother and fetus, since during this period the volume of circulating blood and the need for two organisms in oxygen increases sharply. Such patients are advised to refrain from conception.

In newborn children, LGs in case of complex heart defects, it turns out sharply on the first plan after the transition from the intrauterine type of blood circulation to full-fledged two circles. Immediately after birth, the sinusiness of the skin, shortness of breath, disruption of gas exchange, which may require emergency intervention.

Diagnostic methods (X-ray, ultrasound, ECG)

The doctor diagnoses hypertension only after passing the complex

In order to identify the disease at an early stage, the following measures are needed:

inspection of a doctor, careful identification of all parts of the disease (time of occurrence, initial manifestations, stages of development);
electrocardiography. When analyzing the ECG, the symptoms of overload and hypertrophy of the right ventricle are determined (the initial department of a small circulation of blood circulation);
x-ray. The snapshot of the chest is there are symptoms such as the expansion of the diameter of the heart, an increase in the arc of the artery, strengthening of the moiety;
Ultrasound of the heart. During the survey, its dimensions, wall thickness, are calculated indicators of systolic pressure, etc.;
catheterization - Golden Diagnostic Standard LH. It is characterized by measuring the pressure in the light artery by a direct method, by setting the catheter there through the puncture of the interchanger under the procedure, and also includes the conduct of pharmacological samples with drugs, relaxing the muscle shell of light vessels.

After the diagnosis of light hypertension and its degree follow the methods to determine the nature of the disease:

computed tomography of chest organs (pathology of lungs, systemic diseases of the connective tissue);
Ultrasound of the abdominal bodies (increase in pressure in the system of main vein liver - portable);
biochemical tests to identify HIV infection, toxins;
blood tests (definition of anemia);
spirography (violation of the function of lungs).

After establishing the nature of the disease, the doctor forms a plan for the treatment of the patient.

Video: Light artery catheterization

Treatment

Treat the light hypertension is possible only in the complex, combining general recommendations to reduce the risks of exacerbations, adequate therapy of the underlying disease, symptomatic means of impact on the general manifestations of LH, surgical methods.

Medical treatment (list of drugs)

With diagnosed primary light hypertension, the following drugs are prescribed to the patient:

With light hypertension associated with other diseases, it is necessary primarily for the treatment of the main pathology.

Non-media therapy

Non-drug treatment includes compliance with the following recommendations:

It is forbidden to engage in heavy exercise.
It is necessary to avoid colds.
It is not recommended to be in the conditions of high mountains. The remaining climatic belts (including northern latitudes) on the course of light hypertension do not affect.
Oxiotherapy should be carried out (with moistened oxygen).

Patients with high light hypertension need to refrain from pregnancy, but it is not recommended to use oral contraceptives. It is advisable to discuss with the doctor other methods of protection.

Diet and folk remedies have not shown sufficient efficiency in the correction of light hypertension, so their use is inappropriate.

Surgery

As for the surgical treatment of light hypertension, it is shown in congenital and acquired heart defects leading to the impaired hemodynamics.

With heavy forms of light hypertension without surgery, it is not possible to do without

In adult patients, the following methods of correction of congenital and acquired vices are applied:

suturing of partition defects;
correction of defects with a patch from various material (plastic);
intravascular installation of occluders (devices stopping blood access through partition defects);
replacing your own incorrectly functioning heart valve on the prosthesis (prosthetics);
valve correction with suture material with preservation of its natural structure (plastic);

Separately, it is worth allocating a group of newborns, in whom, as a result of heavy life-degrading heart anomalies (transposition of the main vessels, the only ventricle), the events aimed at a temporary improvement in the state are held at the beginning:

Pottsa anastomosis between downlithing aorta and left light artery. The goal is to reduce the load on the right heads of the heart. Indications:
- children's age, due to which it is impossible to perform atroseptostomy - an operation to connect the atria through the hole in the partition;
- pronounced insufficient ability of right ventricle to blood pumping;
- radically increased pressure in the light artery.
Atrioseptostomy - the creation of a message between atrialists, including the intravascular method.

In the presence of high light hypertension in children and adults, the only radical way to resolve the disease - the transplant of the lungs or the "Heart-Light" complex.

Contraindications

The main contraindication for surgical treatment is an irreversible lesion of light vessels at high degrees of light hypertension (Eisenmengeneger syndrome).

Bans for interventions in a planned manner: acute respiratory diseases, deviations from the norm in laboratory studies, other essential disorders of the kidney function and external respiratory.

Prevention

Prevention measures of this disease include:

timely diagnosis, including diseases that caused the development of light hypertension;
treatment of major diseases;
timely surgical treatment of heart defects.

Complications and forecast

The main complication of this disease is the progression of chronic heart failure, which is the logical result of light hypertension. Without proper treatment, mortality is 22-38%.

Easy hypertension is a common symptom complex, observed not only for diseases of the heart, but also with many other states. With timely diagnosis and treatment, patients can count on a good quality of life with its normal duration.

Pathological state, for the flow of which is inherent in the increase in pressure in the pulmonary artery, in medicine is called pulmonary hypertension. A non-frequency ranked third worldwide among the diseases of the vessels characteristic of the elderly.

Causes of pulmonary hypertension

Lung hypertension can be as congenital anomaly, that is, the primary, or acquired, which is called secondary.

The following factors may be as a reason for improving pressure in the artery of the lungs:

heart failure;
vasculitis;
vices of a heart of various origin;
chronic lung diseases, including tuberculosis, bronchial asthma, etc.;
Tel or other lesions of pulmonary vessels;
exchange disorders;
finding in highland regions.

In cases where the exact causes of hypertension cannot be established possible, the doctor makes a diagnosis of primary hypertension. As a painful state with an unknown origin, the primary pulmonary hypertension can be provoked by the reception of various means of contraception or arose as a result of an autoimmune disease.

The secondary pulmonary disease can be caused by the pathologies of the heart muscle, lungs or vessels.

Classification of the disease

Depending on the severity of the disease of the painful state of the physician, 4 grades of patients are distinguished:

The first stage, not accompanied by loss of physical activity. The patient with pulmonary failure can withstand ordinary loads without the appearance of weakness, dizziness, pain in the sternum or shortness of breath.
In the second stage Diseases The physical activity of the patient is limited. There are no complaints of the complaints, but the usual load causes pronounced shortness of breath, dizziness and severe weakness.
Third stages of hypertension It raises the above signs at the very small physical activity of a person suffering from this disease.
Four-stage pulmonary hypertension It comes to pronounced signs of weakness, shortness of breath and pain even when a person is in a state of absolute rest.

Symptoms of pulmonary failure

The main sign of the disease is a shortness of breath, having several specific features, allowing it to distinguish it from symptoms of other diseases:

sketchy structure of vessels of lungs

observed and at rest;
its intensity increases with minimal exercise;
in a sitting position, the shortness of breath does not stop, unlike dyspnea of \u200b\u200bheart origin.

Other signs of pulmonary hypertension are also characteristic of most patients:

weakness and increased fatigue;
permanent dry cough;
leg swelling;
pain in the liver area caused by its increase;
pain in the chest due to the fact that the pulmonary artery is expanding;
in some cases, a hoarse voice is observed. It is caused by the fact that the artery at the expansion is infringed by the Horthland nerve.

Thus, pulmonary hypertension, the symptoms of which are often not specific, does not always allow to establish a correct diagnosis without a whole complex of surveys.

Diagnosis of the disease

As a rule, patients come to doctors with complaints of pronounced shortness interfering with them in ordinary life. Since primary pulmonary hypertension does not have specific symptoms that make it possible to diagnose with confidence in the first visit of the doctor, the diagnosis should be carried out with the participation of the cardiologist and the pulmonologist.

The complex of procedures involved in the process of diagnosis includes the following methods:

inspection of the doctor and confusion of anamnesis. Often the disease has hereditary reasons, so it is extremely important to collect information about family ailments;
clarification of the current lifestyle of the patient. Smoking, rejection of physical activity, receiving various medicines - all this is important when clarifying the causes of shortness of breath;
general inspection. The doctor has the opportunity to identify the physical state of the veins on the neck, the skin color (the formation in case of hypertension), an increase in the liver, the occurrence of swelling on the legs, thickening of the fingers;
electrocardiogram. The procedure allows you to identify changes in the right side of the heart;
echocardiography contributes to determining the flow rate of blood and the total state of the vessels;
It will show a method of layer-by-layer image. Increased pulmonary artery, as well as possible accompanying diseases of the lungs and hearts;
radiography of the lungs will allow to observe the condition of the artery, its expansion and narrowing;
the catheterization method is used to significantly measure the pressure inside the pulmonary artery. Doctors consider this procedure not only the most informative to obtain pressure values, but also conjugate with minimal risks of complications;
the test "6 minutes walk" helps to determine the physical response of the patient for the load and set the class of hypertension;
blood test: biochemical and general;
angiopulmonography allows you to obtain a complete drawing of vessels in the field of pulmonary artery into the vessels of a special contrast agent. The method must be used with increased caution, since its use can provoke the patient's hypertensive crisis.

Thus, pulmonary hypertension should be diagnosed only after a thorough comprehensive study of the state of the patient's vessels to eliminate the formulation of an erroneous diagnosis.

Reason to appeal to the doctor

The patient should consult a doctor if it feels the following signs of malaise:

the occurrence or enhanced shortness of shortness of breath when performing a conventional daily load;
the appearance of pains of non-declared origin in the chest;
if the patient has an inexplicable and incredit feeling of fatigue;
the appearance or strengthening of the degree of swelling.

Treatment of pulmonary failure

In most cases, primary pulmonary hypertension is amenable to treatment. The main guidelines when choosing a treatment technique are:

identification and elimination of the cause of the patient;
lowering pressure in the artery of the lung;
non-formation of blood clots in the patient's vascular system.

When prescribing treatment, the doctor may write down the following medicines:

medicines operating relaxing on the muscular layer of vessels. A similar group of drugs is very effective at the initial stages of the disease. Pulmonary hypertension, the treatment of which was started even before the changes in the vessels will become pronounced and irreversible, has a very good chance of fulfilling the patient from symptoms;
medicines designed to lower blood viscosity. If blood thickening is very pronounced, the doctor may decide on blood allowing. The hemoglobin level in such patients should not exceed 170 g / l;
with severe breath and hypoxia, oxygen inhalation is shown as a means of removing unpleasant physiological symptoms;
the doctor can recommend to reduce salt intake in food and reduce fluid intake to one and a half liters of pure water per day;
strict ban on intense physical exertion. Only such activity is allowed, in which the patient does not feel discomfort and painful manifestations;
if pulmonary hypertension is accompanied by a complication in the form of insufficient area of \u200b\u200bthe right ventricular heart, the doctor prescribes regular diuretic drugs;
in the most launched cases, the ailment resorts to the heart and lung transplant procedure. The technique is not yet sufficiently worked out in practical conditions, but the statistics of such transplants indicate their effectiveness.

Possible complications

Among the negative consequences of the disease can be allocated main:

aggravation of heart failure. The right hearts can stop cope with their current load, which further worsens the position of the patient;
the condition, called TELA - artery thrombosis in light, when blood clot overlaps the vessel. This disease is not just dangerous, but directly threatens the patient's life;
, conjugate with eleven swelling.

As a rule, the disease significantly reduces the standard of living of the patient and in most cases leads to a premature fatal outcome.

At the same time, pulmonary hypertension causes chronic or acute forms of cardiac and pulmonary failure, life-threatening patient.

Prevention

In order for the risk of this disease to become minimal, the following measures must be taken:

adhere to the principles of a healthy lifestyle. In particular, it is necessary to categorically refuse smoking and do physical exercise daily;
it is necessary to identify and treat the main diseases in charge of hypertension. This is possible in the case of a regular prophylactic visit to the doctor;
with established diseases of the bronchi and lungs having chronic nature, it is necessary to carefully observe the course of the disease. Dispensary observation will avoid the complications of the disease and will facilitate its flow;
diagnosed pulmonary hypertension is not a ban on any physical activity. On the contrary, a moderate load in the fresh air is shown like patients. Activity should be regular, but in no case is no more intense;
all situations that enter the stressful state must be excluded. Conflicts at work, at home or transport can cause an aggravation of the ailment.

Thus, the earlier the patient comes to a doctor for advice and the more carefully will perform its instructions, the greater the chances to suspend the course of the disease and not to translate it into a more severe stage, worse treatment.

Pulmonary hypertension (LH) is a disease during which the pressure in the pulmonary artery increases. Normally, the systolic pressure in the small circulation circle should be 18-25 mm Hg, diastolic - 6-10 mm Hg, and the mean specific pressure - in the range of 12-16 mm Hg. The diagnosis of "pulmonary hypertension" is set in case the average specific pressure exceeds 30 mm Hg. With exercise and 25 mm Hg. at rest.

This ailment significantly worsens the patient's condition and has an unfavorable forecast.. In some cases, it develops slowly, so patients may not suspect a long time that they have pulmonary hypertension, and begin treatment in the late stage. But remember that in any case everything is not lost: if you have diagnosed this disease, you can improve your condition thanks to special folk remedies. They reduce pressure in the pulmonary artery and remove unpleasant symptoms.

Stages of pulmonary hypertension

So, we know what LH is, it's time to talk about her stages. On the basis of pressure measured in the pulmonary artery, the disease is divided into three groups:

light pulmonary hypertension - corresponds to the average specific pressure of 25-36 mm mercury pillar;
moderate pulmonary hypertension - pressure is 35-45 mm Hg.;
heavy pulmonary hypertension - pressure exceeds 45 mm Hg.

Naturally, the higher the severity of the disease, the worse its forecast.

Causes and types of pulmonary hypertension

The cause of LH is a steady increase in pressure in pulmonary vessels. This may be a consequence of the following factors:

heart disease, valve patterns (mitral regurgitation) or Aisenmenmger syndrome with congenital anomalies;
lung diseases, such as pneumoconiosis, (COPD), sleep apnea syndrome;
connective tissue diseases, such as systemic red lupus, etc.;
complications after the thromboembolism of the pulmonary artery;
other diseases damaging pulmonary vessels (HIV infection, portal hypertension, toxic poisoning).

Pulmonary hypertension from the point of view of the causes of appearance is divided into 4 groups:

pulmonary arterial hypertension - mainly caused by diseases of connective tissue, HIV infection, portal hypertension, heart defects;
venous pulmonary hypertension - develops as a result of diseases of the left valve or left ventricle of the heart;
pulmonary hypertension associated with diseases of the respiratory or hypoxia - is mainly due to the interstitial disease of the lungs, COPD, respiratory disorders during sleep, chronic mountain sickness;
pulmonary hypertension associated with chronic thromboembolia is caused by blockage of pulmonary arteries.

Primary pulmonary hypertension

The primary form is also sometimes called the term "idiopathic pulmonary hypertension." It rarely arises (about 2 cases per million people), its etiology is unknown. The disease is more often diagnosed with middle-aged women. Risk factors, in addition to the above, is the presence of hypertension, infectious diseases and portal hypertension in the family history.

Primary pulmonary hypertension flows with vessel spasms in a small circle circle. In this case, there is an excessive blood coagulation. The forecast is very unfavorable. However, if you were diagnosed with primary pulmonary hypertension, should not be desirable. Better take yourself in hand and start the treatment with folk remedies - this will help extend the life for many years.

Secondary pulmonary hypertension

It develops against the background of other diseases - bronchial asthma, heart defects, lung fibrosis, hypertension, systemic red lupus, etc. Thus, in order to get rid of LH, it is necessary to first cure primary ailments if possible.

Symptoms

The first signs of pulmonary hypertension are a feeling of continuous fatigue and difficulty with breathing, especially after exercise. Patients are hard to walk, climb the stairs, lean and do the usual home work.

At the later stages of the disease, such symptoms appear:

dry cough;
happiness;
chest pain;
hemochlorin;
blue lip shade;
fainting;
cold limbs.

Pulmonary hypertension in newborns is manifested by the increase in militant places on the chest, shortness of breath and pronounced skin of the skin. At the same time, treatment with oxygen does not give any results.

Forecast and consequences

Any variety of LH gives the same result: increasing pulmonary vascular resistance. Such conditions forced the right ventricle to work stronger, which leads to heart hypertrophy and dilatation within the right ventricle. As a result, stagnant heart failure and deficiency of the mitral valve develop. Excessive overload of the right ventricle due to the disease of the lungs is called a "pulmonary heart". These changes lead to a decrease in cardiac output, and if the disease is not treated - then to death.
The forecast depends on the launching LG. If you take care of yourself, perform some recommendations and conduct treatment, you can suspend the development of the disease.

Treatment

So, you already know what light hypertension is and what is its symptoms. Now it's time to consider treatment.

If you have idiopathic (primary) pulmonary hypertension, then palliative treatment is carried outwhich allows you to extend the life to the patient and improve its quality. In secondary pulmonary hypertension, diseases are eliminated that led to such a problem.

Below we will give patients to lifestyle tips and imagine folk remedies that reduce pressure in the pulmonary artery.

Diet and lifestyle

Patients should avoid situations under which the symptoms of the disease are worse. Discard physical effort, do not rise to big heights, do not fly in airplanes. With the deterioration of health status, you can use breathing through oxygen cylinders.

It is very important to try to avoid stress, as it increases the blood pressure and the frequency of heart abbreviations. To combat stress, use meditation, walks in fresh air, meetings with friends, hobbies and other suitable ways.

As for the diet, the main rule here is to reduce salt intake. Replace it with other spices. Also, patients should drink no more than 1.5 liters of water per day not to increase pressure. Naturally, alcohol and cigarettes are completely prohibited at such a disease.

Garlic

A light subspecies of pulmonary hypertension can be fully cured with garlic. The fact is that this product is expanding the vessel of a small circle of blood circulation, removes the congestion in the veins, thereby reducing the pressure. It is also very useful for the heart, and after all, it is the heart problems often lead to LH.

The simplest recipe is every morning an empty stomach to eat 2 garlic cloves, drinking a glass of water. If you are afraid of an unpleasant smell of mouth, wore garlic of mint leaves.

Garlic tea helps well. Let you not frighten such an exotic name - this drink is very tasty and useful. It will help to restore not only the blood and respiratory system, but also the whole body. Ingredients for one portion:

1 garlic clove;
1 cup of water;
a little harmer ginger (about 7-8 grams);
1 tablespoon of lemon juice;
1 tablespoon honey.

Put water on fire. When it starts to boil, add a pre-grinding clove of garlic, ginger and spoonful of honey. Mix well and leave on a small fire to boil about 20 minutes. Then strain the obtained infusion. At the end, add some lemon juice. We recommend drinking this tea on an empty stomach twice a day.

Clover

Clover is very useful for the cardiovascular system and will help with your disease. It can be used in different ways.

If you can sit at home, clover in a pot, and eat young sprouts of this plant. The tablespoon of grass will be enough.

You can also make tea from dried clover flowers. The glass of water will need a teaspoon of a crushed plant. Fill the clover boiling water, insist 15 minutes, then drink. On the day take 2-3 glasses of this drug.

Digitalis

From pain in the chest and strong shortness of breath will save the opposition, but it is necessary to drink it carefully, increasing the dosage and watching the condition of the body.

Prepare alcohol tincture at the rate of 1 part of the dry grass of vice-tanks on 10 parts of alcohol with a fortress of 70 degrees. Insist the mixture of 2 weeks, then strain. Start with a dosage of 3 drops twice a day. The tincture must be dissolved in a small amount of water and drink on an empty stomach. After about a week, the dosage can be increased to 5 drops, then a week later - up to 7 drops. Then go to 10 drops of tincture twice a day. The course of treatment lasts from 2 to 4 months.

Hawthorn

The hawthorn is expanding the vessels, helping to reduce systolic and diastolic pressure in the pulmonary artery. It can be used in several ways.

Method first - tea. For the preparation of a drink, a dessert spoon of dried flowers and hawthorn leaves pumped into a mug and pour the glass of boiling water. Hold the glass covered for 15 minutes, then strain the drink. He needs to drink 1 cup in the morning and in the evening.

The method is the second - healing wine. You will need 50 g of ripe hawthorn fruits and 500 ml of natural red sweet wine. Berries dispel in a mortar, heat the wine to the temperature of about 80 s. Pour warm wine into a glass jar or bottle, add a hawthorn, close the lid and insist 2 weeks, then strain. Drink every evening before bedtime 25 ml of this wine.

The method is the third - alcohol tincture. Connect the hawthorn flowers with alcohol in the ratio of 1 to 10 and insist in a glass container 10 days, then strain. Drink about half a teaspoon of this tincture in the morning and in the evening on an empty stomach.

mistletoe

The patient will be much easier if he starts to take a white mistletoe. In the evening, a teaspoon of grass fill with a glass of cold water, let the mixture insist on the night. In the morning, slightly warm it and drink it. So you need to do every day.

You can also prepare the wine from the mistletoe. You will need 50 g of plants and 500 ml of white dry wine. Connect these components and insist 1 week, then strain. Take 25 ml twice a day before meals.

Ryabina fruits

Beneficially affect the cardiovascular system of rowan fruits. Therefore, ordinary tea replace tea from this plant. Cutlery spoon fruit break in a circle, add a small amount of sugar and 200 ml of boiling water. Stir and drink. On the day it is recommended to take 3 portions of such tea.

Snowball collection

There is a good collection of plants, which is recommended by experienced signs. Couple in equal parts of the Grass Adonis, Valerian root, mint leaves, hormour grass and dill seeds. For the night in the thermos, brew a tablespoon is a mixture with a liter of boiling water and insist until the morning. It will be your portion for the whole day, drinking infusion is needed in breaks between meals. Course Course Continue 2 months, then you need to take a break at least 2 weeks.

Treatment of juices and smoothies

Juice is a natural attending physician who will help to cope with many problems, including with LH. We will give some of the most effective recipes.

Juice for the heart

With pulmonary hypertension, you need to maintain the work of the heart. To do this, cook such a mix:

2 glasses of red grapes;
1 grapefruit;
1 teaspoon of crushed linden flowers;
¼ teaspoon carnations crushed into powder.

Connect all these ingredients and mix in a blender. You need to drink smoothies immediately after cooking, it is recommended to take a glass on the day. After weeks, you will notice positive shifts.

Juice for pressure normalization

Connect the following components:

juice 1 grapefruit;
2 orange juice;
6 twigs of fresh parsley;
2 tablespoons of hawthorn flowers;
3 peeled and sliced \u200b\u200bkiwi.

All mix in a blender and drink immediately after cooking. Take this tool in the morning and in the evening so that arterial and pulmonary pressure is always normal.

Juice from shortness of breath

If a shortness of his breath, spend a monthly treatment course with such juice:

5-6 fresh dandelion leaves;
1 tablespoon of red clover flowers;
1 red apple;
1 glass of crushed Brussels cabbage;
1 Carrot large size;
0.5 cup sliced \u200b\u200bparsley.

From Apple, Carrot and Brussels Cabbage Sick Juice, Mix Juices, add parsley, red clover and finely chopped dandelion leaves. Take juice on an empty stomach of 1 cup twice a day.

Juice for improving overall well-being

You will need:

halm melon;
1 cup of fresh strawberries;
a slice of a ginger root 2.5 cm;
1 orange;
1 grapefruit;
¼ cup of natural yogurt (without additives);
half of the handstone of wheat sprouts.

From orange, melons, strawberries and grapefruit squeeze juice. Ginger soda on the grater. Juices Connect, add ginger, yogurt and wheat sprouts. Drink on health!

Light hypertension (LH) is a group of diseases, which is characterized by the pathological condition of the respiratory system of the body caused in the pulmonary artery. The disease has complex etiology and pathogenesis, which makes it difficult to make timely diagnosis and treatment.

Emirates artery is the largest and most important pair vessel of a small circle of circulation, providing the transfer of venous blood to the easy. The proper functioning of the respiratory system depends on its state.

Normally, the average pressure in the pulmonary artery should be no more than 25 mm Hg. Art. Under the influence of various factors (physical exertion, age, reception of certain drugs), these values \u200b\u200bmay vary slightly both in the greater and in a smaller side. This physiological increase or decrease does not affect health. But if the average pressure exceeds 25 mm Hg. Pillars alone, then this is a sign of pulmonary hypertension.

The disease is striking, mainly women. Easy hypertension is also diagnosed in children, it is connected with the presence of heart defects.

The disease is rare. Its idiopathic form is registered with 5 - 6 cases per 1 million people.

Code of the ICD-10

Pulmonary hypertension is in the ICD-10 in a group with cipher I27, under which the forms not specified in other classes are indicated.

The primary pulmonary hypertension is encrypted with I27.0 and is characterized by the occurrence of illness without clear etiology.

Various forms of secondary pulmonary hypertension arising as a consequence of other diseases are indicated by code I27.2.

Classification of pathology

In medical practice, the following types of light hypertension are distinguished:

The reasons for the development of primary light hypertension are unknown. There is a theory that its occurrence can be correlated with genetic, as well as autoimmune processes.

There are also cases when light hypertension occurred in members of the same family in the presence of heart defects on the downlink, which indicates a significant role of the hereditary factor.

The pathogenesis of the disease is due to the gradual narrowing of the lumen in the stream of pulmonary artery, as well as the vessels of the lungs and a small circle of blood circulation as a whole. This is not connected with atherosclerotic changes, which is characteristic of patients suffering from arterial hypertension, and with the pathological thickening of the walls of the veins and capillaries, which leads to the loss of elasticity.

The consequence of these processes is the increase in blood pressure in the pulmonary artery and the lungs vascular grid. As a result of this pathology, the phenomena of general hypoxia and tissue failure are observed.

In severe cases of pulmonary hypertension, the inflammation of inflammatory processes, covering the internal lining layer of vessels - endotheliums. This factor increases the risk of pulmonary artery thrombosis and other complications.

Risk factors for the development of pulmonary hypertension:

female;
age from 20 to 40 years;
infectious diseases (HIV, hepatitis);
portal hypertension;
reception of drugs (oral contraceptives, antidepressants);
heart diseases;
conditions associated with arterial hypertension.

There are separate studies that prove the high risk of the development of pulmonary hypertension with frequent use of rapeseed oil, but the causal relationship between this is not clear.

Symptoms of pathology, disease classes

Pulmonary arterial hypertension, with the exception of its thromboembolic form, has slow development. Clinical symptoms grow gradually and weakly show themselves. Perhaps their complete absence.

The leading symptom of pulmonary hypertension is, which at first is present only during enhanced physical exertion, but as the pathological process progresses, it begins to occur alone. In the last stages of the disease, the severity of shortness of breath is so strong that the patient is not able to make elementary household actions independently.

The characteristic difference of shortness of shortness of pulmonary hypertension from a similar associated with the formation of heart defects is that it does not undergo when changing the position of the patient's body.

In addition to shortness of breath, characteristic features of the disease are:

dry cough;
an increase in liver and its pain;
swelling of the lower extremities;
styled pain;
increased fatigue and constant weakness;
harry voice (not observed in all patients).

Pulmonary hypertension is a disease characterized by the gradual increase in pathological symptoms that violates the work of the heart. Depending on its severity, it is customary to allocate 4 grade (stages) of the disease.

I class. Hypertension 1 degree is the initial form of the disease. The patient does not feel pathological changes. Physical exertion is transferred easily, motor activity does not suffer.
Class II. In the 2 stages, physical exertion is transferred as usual, however, with their high intensity, the patient notes the appearance of severe shortness of breath and increased fatigue. The degree of severity of morphological changes of blood vessels and internal organs is insignificant.
III class. In 3 stages, the usual physical exertion is carried bad. Moderate activity is accompanied by most of the symptoms listed above. The Hypertrophy of the right ventricular heart is noted on the ECG.
IV class. The manifestation of characteristic symptoms is observed in the absence of loads. It is noted the impossibility of performing everyday tasks. The patient needs constant care. At 4 stages, symptoms of heart failure are joined.

Complications of pulmonary hypertension

Pulmonary hypertension associated with an increase in pressure in the pulmonary artery is accompanied by serious complications, from the side of the cardiovascular system. In the process of developing pathological processes associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension, hypertrophy of the right ventricle of the heart muscle occurs. This is due to the increased load on this chamber, as a result of which the contractility is deteriorating, which leads to the development of heart failure.

The 1 degree hypertension is characteristic of the fact that patients may have violations in the work of the heart, expressed in and.

As the vascular wall changes, blood clots are formed in the veins - blood clots. They narrow the clearance of vessels, which leads to an increase in the severity of symptoms. The broken thrombus can block the bloodstream, which leads to a pulmonary artery thromboembolism, which in the absence of timely medical care ends with the death of the patient.

If there is a history of arterial hypertension, pulmonary hypertension increases the frequency and severity of crises that, fraught with development or.

A serious complication of the disease is the fatal outcome, which arises either as a result of respiratory failure, or as a result of violations in the work of the heart.

Diagnostics

The diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension begins from the collection of anamnesis. The character and duration of the symptoms, the presence of chronic diseases, the lifestyle of patients and the concomitant risk factors are specified.

With direct inspection, the following characteristic features are identified:

skin sinusiness;
increase liver;
swelling of the cervical veins;
changes in the heart and lungs while listening to them with the help of the phoneneoscope.

The leading role in the diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension belongs to instrumental methods.

Catheterization of the pulmonary artery. Through this method, the pressure in the pulmonary artery is measured. The essence of the study is that after the vein puncture, the catheter is entered into its lumen, to which the device for measuring blood pressure is connected. The method is informative when identifying any forms of hemodynamic disorders. And enters the standard of research when suspicious of pulmonary hypertension. Catheterization is not shown not to all patients, in the presence of heart failure or tachiaritium, the possibility of holding it is estimated after consulting a cardiologist.

ECG. With the help of electrocardiography, pathologies associated with impaired electrical activity of the heart are detected. Also, this method allows you to evaluate the morphological structure of myocardium. The indirect signs of pulmonary hypertension on ECG are the dilatation of the right ventricle of the heart and the displacement of the EOS to the right.

Ultrasound of the heart. Ultrasound allows you to evaluate the structure of the heart muscle, the size and structure of its cameras, the condition of the valves and coronary vessels. Changes associated with the thickening of the walls of the atria and the right ventricle, indirectly indicate pulmonary hypertension.

Spirometry. Such testing allows you to evaluate the following functional features of the bronchopulmonary system:

little Life Capacity;
total lung capacity;
exhalation volume;
respiratory tract;
exhalation rate;
breathing rate.

Deviations of the above indicators from the norm indicates pathologies of the function of external respiration.

Angiopulmonography. The technique is to introduce a contrast agent in the lung vessels in order to conduct an x-ray study for the identification of pathologies of the morphological structure of the pulmonary artery. Angiopulmonography is performed in the case when the remaining diagnostic methods cannot confidently determine the presence of changes. This is due to the high risk of complications during the procedure.

CT scan(CT) . With the help of CT, it is possible to achieve the imaging of the image of the chest organs in various projections. This allows you to estimate the morphological structure of the heart, lungs and vessels.

The above diagnostic methods are the most informative, however, the presence of primary pulmonary hypertension is possible only on the basis of a set of research results obtained.

The class of the disease is determined by the "six-minute test". As a result, the tolerance of the body to physical exertion is estimated.

Methods for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension

Treatment of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension is to eliminate symptoms and suspension of the development of pathological processes. To this end, various methods of therapy are used.

The presence of pulmonary hypertension involves patient lifestyle correction. To such measures should be attributed:

performance of daily exercises of the exercise of the exercise, contributing to the improvement of the tone of blood vessels, but not requiring increased respiratory activity;
avoiding excessive physical exertion;
prevention of infectious inflammatory diseases of the respiratory system (,), and in their occurrence, timely treatment;
prevention consisting in the admission of special drugs (sorbifer);
refusal of hormonal contraceptive methods;
refusal of smoking and excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages.

Medical therapy

Vasodilatory drugs (for example: Nifedipin, Cardilopin). Widely used in the treatment of LH. They reduce the tone of the vascular walls, contributing to their relaxation and reduce the overall pressure in the veins and arteries. As a result, the diameter of the vessels increases and the blood flow is improved.
Prostaglandins (for example: Treprostinyl). Drugs contributing to the removal of vascular spasm. The reception of prostaglandins is the prevention of the formation of thrombus. Effective with all types of LH.
Cardiac glycosides ( Digoxin, Stroofantin, Corgalicon). When they are taken, it decreases, the influx of blood to the heart muscle increases, the tolerance of the vascular system increases to external adverse factors. At pulmonary hypertension, used to prevent and treat heart lesions.
Anticoagulants ( Aspirin, Elikvis). Warning the development of thrombosis, and also dissolve the existing blood clots.
Diuretics ( Furosemid). Diuretic drugs provide an outflow of excess fluid from the body, which reduces the volume of circulating blood. This minimizes the load on the cardiovascular system and contributes to a decrease in pressure in a large and small circulation circle.
Endothelin receptor antagonists ( Bozentan, Trakrovir). The pathological process in vessels in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension is due to the growth of the inner lining surface of the vessels - endothelium. Reception of drugs of this group significantly slows down the development of the disease.

Additionally apply:

Oxygen therapy. It is used primarily in patients with respiratory failure and the presence of heart defects. As a result of the procedure, blood saturation occurs with oxygen, which ensures normal nutrition of the body tissues.
Nitrogen oxide. Inhalation of nitrogen oxide positively affects the vessels of the lungs. The bloodstream is improved, the resistance of their walls is reduced. The shortness of breath and pain is eliminated, and tolerance to physical exertion is also increased.

Diet

Power rules for pulmonary hypertension suggest a limitation in the diet of salt and animal fats. Allowed to use:

vegetables;
fruits;
milk products;
basic meat food (beef, bird);
non-fat fish;
nuts, dried fruits.

Avoid frequent use of coffee and strong tea.

It is important to comply with drinking regime to avoid edema. The volume of the fluid consumed should be about 2 liters of water per day.

Methods of surgical intervention

Heart Change or Light Heart System. This high-tech operation is applied when standard therapy methods exhaust themselves. Heart and lung transplantation is a significant problem due to donor shortages, as well as possible problems associated with rejection by their recipient organism. Patients after transplantation with this live on average about ten or fifteen years.
Thrombandadertectomy. This operational intervention implies the mechanical removal of the thrombus in the row of pulmonary artery. Refers to the minimally invasive type of surgery.

Methods of traditional medicine

Important! Methods of traditional medicine cannot be considered as a self-containing method of treatment, their use is possible only in a complex with the main therapy in coordination with the doctor.

Infusion of rowan fruit. A teaspoon of rowan berries must be brewed with one glass of boiling water and leave it for one hour. The resulting means to strain and consume half a glass 3 times a day. The duration of reception is one month. The tool contributes to the elimination of the severity of symptoms of the disease (elimination of shortness of shortness of shortness of breaths).
Tincture from Calendula Inflorescences.50 grams of dried inflorescences It is necessary to pour 150 grams of alcohol and insist during a week in a dry cold place without access of sunlight. Take the tool you need 25 drops three times a day for one month.

Prevention

Methods of specific prophylaxis are absent.

General preventive measures are aimed at eliminating risk factors and improving the health status of the body:

timely treatment of infectious diseases;
eliminating the impact on the body of severe physical exertion;
moderate motor activity;
elimination of bad habits (alcohol, smoking);
reception of drugs for the prevention of thrombosis;
treatment of heart defects.

If the pulmonary hypertension is already diagnosed, the prevention is aimed at reducing the likelihood of the development of possible complications. In primary pulmonary hypertension, it is necessary to receive all medicinal prescribed by the doctor and fulfill its recommendations in full. Moderate motor activity contributes to the preservation of an active lifestyle.

Forecast for life

How much can you live with this disease? The forecast depends on the neglence of pathological processes in vessels. When diagnosing the LG in the later stages, the five-year survival of patients is low.

Also on the forecast of the disease is influenced by the reaction of the body on the treatment. If the pressure in the pulmonary artery begins to decline or remains at one level, then with maintenance therapy, the patient can live up to 10 years. When it is raised to 50 mm Hg. Art and above, the disease enters the stage of decompensation, when the normal functioning of the body is impossible even under the conditions of adequate drug therapy.

Five-year survival at this stage of the disease is no more than 10%.

Lung arterial hypertension is a dangerous disease that has a very serious forecast for life. Despite the fact that it is found quite rare, being, in most cases, a consequence of other diseases, it is impossible to complete cure. Existing treatment techniques are aimed at eliminating adverse symptoms and slowing down the development of pathological processes, it is impossible to completely eliminate them.

L Eugene hypertension (LH) is an increase in the average pressure in the pulmonary artery to 25 mm Hg. Art. and more.

The result becomes an increase in resistance in the bloodstream, a violation of the nutrition of the right ventricle of the heart and the development of formidable complications by all organs and systems due to severe hypoxia.

In 80% of cases (the data of the European Cardiology Community) comes a fatal outcome.

Moreover, the prospects for such a scenario are characterized by a number of 3-10 years, it happens less with the aggressive course of the main process.

Patient contingent is young women under the age of 40. According to statistics, the ratio of weak sex representatives to men is characterized as 4-5: 1. Mortality among the strong part of humanity, however, is higher.

A minorityptic course, the absence of specific manifestations leads to the fact that the diagnosis is set at a late stage, when it is almost impossible to help. And sometimes at all according to the results of the pathology analytical research.

Specific prevention measures are not developed, as well as ways of early screening.

Preceded by the pathological state of the stenosis or the narrowing of the enlightenment of blood vessels, including small branches and medium structures derived from the pulmonary artery.

Endothelium, that is, the inner liner of the vessels is thickened. This is an adaptive mechanism.

The pressure in the pulmonary artery is increasing progressively, rapidly increases the load on the right ventricle, which leads to its hypertrophy (thickening).

The contractile ability drops, the phenomena of heart failure increase. A classic pathological process is formed.

Everyone proceeds in different ways, but not always a favorable outcome.

Risk factors

Pulmonary hypertension is a mystery, both for pulmonologists and cardiologists. Pathogenesis is not installed. You can only speak of factors that increase the risk of becoming a pathogenic process.

Reception of oral contraceptives

Destroys the normal hormonal background to the base. Estrogen-gestagenic drugs provoke an artificial drop in progesterone, partly responsible for adequate inhibition of proliferative processes in the body (violates the division of some cells), it is also this substance that contributes to the stable regulation of the vascular tone from the weak floor representatives.

Increased estrogen provokes inflammatory processes, exacerbates the flow of hypertension. Apparently, this is exactly what is associated with greater prevalence in women.

Pronounced and long-term increase in blood pressure

Little problems can be a complication of the disease of the cardiovascular system. This is a legitarious outcome, if not treated or carried out irregular therapy.

Partly guilty doctors who are not able to put the correct diagnosis and to react on the impending threat on time.

Family history

In most cases, the role does not play. Since diseases themselves are not transferred by themselves. At the same time, other generations from previous ones receive the features of blood, immune systems.

Blood pressure is observed by almost all descendants of a person suffering from hypertension. You can prevent the development of diseases in the framework of prevention, but few people pay attention to this issue.

Interesting:

The potential for the formation of the pathologies of the cardiovascular system is caused by the number of patients with relatives and floors: women are subject to maximum degree due to genetic features.

Pulmonary hypertension in such a situation becomes secondary, develops as a total of a long-term increase in blood pressure or autoimmune pathologies.

Problems with protective forces of the body

Diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic red lupus, thyroidel Hashimoto, other autoimmune pathologies affect the probabilities of the development of pulmonary hypertension.

According to statistics, patients with the described diagnoses suffer almost three times morethan relatively healthy people. A similar correlation was noted 20-30 years ago.

Thus, pulmonary hypertension is idiopathic. It is difficult to determine the specific reasons for the development of the state, if not to say it is impossible.

Specific studies on this issue are being carried out so far. The determination of etiology, pathogenesis will allow you to develop effective therapeutic tactics, measures of early screening and prevention.

Despite all this, the disease is considered small and diagnosed in 7-13% of clinical situations, which is not so much.

The main factors of the formation of the disease in patients

Causes are also not fully understood. Partially managed to identify some pathologies that can lead to the development of secondary pulmonary hypertension.

Among them:

Stagnant heart failure. Violation of atrial and ventricles as a result of weakened nutrition or other factors. Often ends with myocardial infarction.

But one thing does not interfere. Acute circulatory disorder can be combined with increasing phenomena of pulmonary hypertension.

. It affects the same way.

Congenital and acquired heart defects. As a result of improper work (for example, at), the load on the artery is unevenly distributed. Often this leads to the pathological expansion of the endolya (the inner liner of the vessel), hypertrophy.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The destructive process, which sooner or later visits smokers and workers of harmful productions.

Determined by the mass of symptoms, pulmonary hypertension acts as a late consequence of the disease, especially formidable complication, at the same time, the most quiet and inconspicuous.

Chronic pulmonary artery thrombosis and its branches. The partial blockage of the lumen of pathological objects is affected: blood clots, air bubbles. The first is much more often.

The process should be treated with urgency, since partial blockage can be complete.

Hence the circulatory disorder, a sharp change in the nature of cardiac activity and the fatal outcome over several minutes.

Lung hypoventilation. As a result of a long flow of the pathologies of the respiratory system: from destructive bronchitis to asthma, other processes of the same kind. The main reason is treated.

Ethiotropic therapy at the same time should not harm the cardiovascular system. Often, pulmonologists and allergists mindlessly prescribe glucocorticoids, absolutely despite the consequences.

And the likes are very often found. Including pressure growth in the pulmonary artery, aorta.

Myocarditis. Inflammatory pathology of the heart (medium muscular layer of the organ). It occurs as a complication of infectious diseases, less often as a primary phenomenon. Provoked by the glorodular flora.

Cirrhosis of the liver. Acute hepathonecosis. In other words, the destructive process affecting hepatocytes (organ cells).

Most often occurs in alcoholics with experience. Less often in patients with hepatitis B, C suffering from medicinal intoxications.

The lungs suffer from not primarily a symptom of a developed disease, when the destructive process reaches 40-50% of the total liver.

A compensated form has smaller risks, although it cannot be written off with accounts.

HIV infection. Due to the development of the weakening of immunity to critical indicators, patients with AIDS are almost stolen (every third) is observed. This is another factor of early death of patients like a similar profile.

Clinical classification of the pathological process

You can subdivide the pulmonary hypertension at different bases. Both the typology presented below are recognized in medical practice.

Depending on the degree of restrictions, the severity of the process, several classes are distinguished:

First . It is characterized by minimal changes from organs and systems. Pulmonary hypertension 1 degree is the most favorable moment for treatment, but it is incredibly difficult to identify pathology. It is necessary to search specifically, due to the absence of symptoms, it is not immediately to suspect the problem.
Second. Changes are already more pronounced. Heart thickening, but insignificant. Physical activity decreases weakly, symptoms of minimum. At this stage, to reverse the process is still possible without any particular consequences for the patient's body, but comprehensive treatment is already required under the hospital.
The third . The symptomatics is quite obvious. But still nonspecific, which does not allow to deliver and verify the diagnosis. A competent professional will be able to suspect the wrong one on the eye, it is enough to carry out profile research.
Fourth. Extreme, terminal stage. The clinical picture is obvious, but even in such a situation there is no characteristic symptoms. You can easily confuse the process with classical hypertension. The diagnosis is made at this moment, and a little more often during opening.

The generally accepted classification, however, does not give answers, whence the process comes from. This question is solved by the second typification, depending on etiology.

Accordingly, allocate:

Hereditary factor. Disputes about the influence of this moment are underway not one year, and the same will continue. Apparently, genetic predisposition is of great importance.
Idiopathic etiology. This diagnosis is made when it does not go out in a situation. That is, the clinic is obvious, the reasons are not clear.
Associated form. Characterized by the secondaryness. Developed a result of the formation of a pathological process, which causes the disease.
Persistent. Appears in newborns, but formation factors are also not clear. The relationship between the perinatal period and the problem is likely.
Medical or toxic. As a result of prolonged reception of corticosteroids, tonic means and some other preparations of comprehensive action with destructive side effects.

Other possible groups of drugs: Antidepressants and normatimics, antipsychotics, especially old generation, typical, ibuprofen and anti-inflammatory non-steroidal origin, antibiotics and already mentioned at the beginning of oral contraceptive material.

Also affects the reception of psychoactive substances. Drugs such as cocaine and amphetamine beat the pulmonary structures, heart and vessels.

Even short-term reception makes it necessary to know about yourself the unfavorable consequences of this kind.

Hypertension of the lungs is formed as an answer to the pathological process, rarely occurs as primary illness. Accurate percentage is not known.

Symptoms, general and depending on the stage

Among the manifestations typical of all stages of the pathological process:

Dyspnea without a visible reason. Easy cannot function normally as a result of bad blood circulation.
Hypoxia and cellular exchange violation leads to inhibiting ATP synthesis. Hence the muscular weakness, the inability to move normally, fast fatigue and other manifestations of the same kind.
Cough. Resistant, without isolation of sputum, unproductive and dry. Accompanies the pulmonary hypertension always.
Hoarseness, the inability to control the voice.
Tachycardia as a result of a violation of the normal supply of heart with blood and nutrients.
Fainting.
Ischemia of cerebral structures and, accordingly, dizziness, cepalgia, nausea, vomiting. Up to stroke phenomena.
Swelling of the lower extremities.
Pain in the right hypochondrium. May be primary, as a result of liver damage or secondary, as a result of the involvement of the organ in the pathological process.

The absence of specific manifestations leads to the impossibility of timely diagnosis. On the other hand, the pronounced clinical picture is formed when the pressure in the vessel is growing 2 times compared with normal indicators.

1 stage. Physical activity does not change. Intensive loads lead to dizziness, cephalgia, shortness of breath, hypoxia phenomena of a minor tissue.
Stage 2. Weak decrease in physical activity. The patient can still deal with everyday familiar activities. But with some restrictions. As a result, shortness of breath arises, heartbeat, muscle problems.
3 stage. Significant reduction in forces. It is impossible, including minimal activity.
4 stage. Symptoms appear even in a state of complete rest.

Moderate pulmonary hypertension is the best moment for the start of therapy. The catastrophic consequences have not yet come, and the signs are quite pronounced.

It is even better to carry out specific treatment in the very germination of the state. Symptoms of pulmonary hypertension develop from the side of the lungs, vessels, hearts.

Diagnostics

Survey of patients with suspicion of pulmonary hypertension is carried out by a pulmonologist and cardiologist, in tandem. The diagram of diagnostic measures looks like this:

Poll survey. Usually the first complaint that people are presented - shortness of a pronounced character, pressure discomfort in the chest.
Collect anamnesis. Heredity plays a big role, as already mentioned.
Research of visual data. In patients with pulmonary hypertension, distortion of distal phalanges of fingers, nails on a specific type are observed.
Listening to the respiratory sound. The weakening of the tones is determined, their splitting.
Electrocardiography. To estimate the general condition of the heart and the intensity of its work. Held at the very first moment. Allows you to notice minimum deviations.
Echocardiography. The hypertrophy of the right ventricle is revealed.
Tomography, primarily computer. The pulmonary arteries increase and expand, which is specific to the state under consideration. Detected changes from the heart.
Lung radiography. Not informative, but more accessible.
Artery catheterization. It is carried out with caution, it allows you to quickly measure the pressure inside an anatomical structure.
Angiopulmonography.
Evaluation of the routine tonometer indicator (using the household apparatus).
Finally, the daily monitoring is able to need.

Diagnostic diagram is approximately as follows. At the discretion of leading experts, the order can be changed.

Medical treatment treatment

It is carried out as a primary measure. Preparations of the following pharmaceutical groups are prescribed:

Vasodilators. Muscular layer normalize. But should be applied with caution, since the risk of a sharp repeated stenosis with aggravation of the state. Dosages and names are selected by a group of doctors.
Diuretics. Allow you to "bent" excess liquid and normalize blood pressure.
Oxygen inhalations to compensate for a lack of substance with natural breathing.
Statins. Allow to deal with an atherosclerotic process, if any. In most cases, it is, which aggravates the already severe position of the patient.
Anticoagulants. Normalize the rheological properties of blood. Used with caution due to the possibility of developing internal bleeding of death.

Conservative treatment of pulmonary hypertension efficiently 1-2 stages when the disease has not yet passed to the terminal stage. Specific names of medicines are selected by attending physicians leading the patient.

It is necessary to choose the correct dosage and combination, to do it better in stationary conditions (pulmonology or cardiology).

Surgery

It is shown in the ineffectiveness of conservative techniques. Lies in the lungs and heart transplantation. At the moment, in the conditions of the Russian reality and realities of the CIS countries, it is almost impossible to wait for a queue on such an operation.

In other states, everything is also not rosy, which is caused by the imperfection of medical law and, as a result, by a small number of potential donors.

As a surgical measure for thromboembolism, pulmonary thromboandardarteectomy is prescribed (Operation to remove a thrombus from the initial branches of the pulmonary artery).

The method allows you to remove the load from the right ventricle, but we will be implemented only while the thrombus began to be reborn into the connecting tissue.

Forecast

The primary form of pulmonary hypertension is unfavorable, even too. Patients live no more than 1-2 years.

Secondary proceeds easier, especially with a favorable response to the therapy conducted. There is a chance to compensate and good survival.

With a long-term process with a steadily high pressure in the pulmonary artery, the patient dies for 5 years.

Finally

Pulmonary hypertension is a dangerous complication of a variety of diseases. Requires a serious approach and assistance from the whole group of specialists.

Clear with diagnostics can not, every day in the account. Under untimely early, the lethal exodus is almost guaranteed in the short term.