How can mental decline be stopped and Alzheimer's disease prevented? Currently available drugs are not very effective. There are two types of medications that help stop the progression of diagnosed Alzheimer's disease and alleviate it.
- These are drugs that increase the concentration of acetylcholine in the body, a neurotransmitter that affects the maintenance of memory processes.
- Another group of drugs reduces the effect of another neurotransmitter, glutamate, on brain cells. Glutamate is responsible for starting thought processes in the brain. In Alzheimer's disease, the body produces an excess amount of this neurotransmitter.
Unfortunately, both of these types of drugs are not able to prevent the disease or treat it in any effective way.
There are other remedies that have been proven to have a positive effect on the course of Alzheimer's disease and its prevention. This is an aerobic exercise type with heart rate support at the level of 75-85% of the heart rate reserve. The reserve heart rate is the difference between your maximum heart rate (for example, while running) and your resting heart rate. An important role in this is played by a better supply of oxygen to the brain. In addition, intense exercise contributes to the release of growth hormones that have a positive effect on brain cells.
Another important point is mental and social activity. Numerous studies show that older people leading an active intellectual life maintain brain functions at a higher level.
If "Alzheimer's" still comes
The main risk factor for Alzheimer's disease is age. It affects 1% of 60-year-olds, 7% of 75-year-olds and about 30% of 85-year-olds. The most common forms of dementia are Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, frontotemporal dementia, and Parkinson's disease. At the same time, Alzheimer's disease accounts for 70% of cases, vascular dementia - another 15%, and the remaining 15% are frontotemporal dementia, Parkinson's disease and rare forms.
Diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease with absolute certainty is possible only with a post-mortem autopsy of the patient. However, this diagnosis is made in most cases when the observed severe cognitive impairment does not fit the symptoms of Parkinson's disease or other clearly diagnosable diseases.
What exactly happens in this disease? First, short-term memory begins to suffer. Research shows that verbal memory (the ability to remember a sequence of words) is the first to fail. Then the decline in executive functions and difficulty in speech begins. At the next stages, delusions and hallucinations are added. At the end of all this, the patient loses the ability to walk, talk, interact with reality, incontinence begins. The disease develops over a long period of time (sometimes decades).
Currently available treatments are only moderately effective.
Some Comforting Facts
- Currently, doctors have learned to reliably diagnose various types of dementia in the early stages.
- Cognitive and physical training help slow mental decline.
- In almost half of the cases of cognitive decline, the patient's condition remains stable for a very long time.
- There is no effective treatment, but a number of measures can delay the development of the disease
dementia(dementia) - an acquired mental defect with a predominant disorder of intellectual functions.
Signs of dementia are the loss of accumulated abilities and knowledge, a general decrease in the productivity of mental activity, a change in personality. The dynamics of dementia is different. With brain tumors, atrophic diseases and atherosclerosis, a defect in the psyche is constantly growing. In the case of post-traumatic and post-stroke dementia, recovery of some mental functions in the first months of the disease and the stable nature of symptoms over many subsequent years are possible. However, in general, the negative nature of the disorders in dementia determines its relative persistence and the impossibility of a full recovery.
The clinical picture of dementia differs significantly in the main mental illnesses - organic processes of epilepsy and schizophrenia.
organic dementia It can be caused by a variety of diseases that lead to disruption of the brain structure and mass death of neurons.
The clinical picture of organic dementia is dominated by gross memory disorders and a decrease in the ability to think abstractly. Presumably, the cause of this syndrome can be judged by some features of the clinical picture of the disease. According to clinical manifestations, lacunar and total dementia are distinguished.
Lacunar (dysmnestic) dementia manifested primarily by a memory disorder (the ability to form concepts and judgments is disturbed much later).
This significantly complicates the possibility of acquiring new information, but such patients can retain professional knowledge and automated skills for a long time. Although they feel helpless in complex professional activities, they easily cope with daily household chores. The presence of a critical attitude towards their shortcomings is characteristic: patients are embarrassed by lack of independence, apologize for sluggishness, try (not always successfully) to compensate for memory impairment by writing down the most important thoughts on paper. With a doctor, such patients are frank, actively complain, deeply experience their condition. Character changes in lacunar dementia are rather mild and do not affect the core of the personality. In general, relatives find that the basic forms of behavior, attachment, beliefs of patients remain the same. However, more often, some sharpening of personality traits, “caricaturing” of the previous character traits are still noted. Thus, frugality can turn into greed and stinginess, distrust - into suspicion, isolation - into misanthropy. In the emotional sphere, patients with dysmnestic dementia are characterized by sentimentality, emotional lability, tearfulness.
The cause of lacunar dementia is a variety of diffuse vascular diseases of the brain: non-stroke course of atherosclerosis and hypertension, diabetic microangiopathy, damage to systemic vessels in collagenosis and syphilitic infection (lues cerebri). Changes in the state of blood supply to the brain (improvement of the rheological properties of blood, taking vasodilators) can cause fluctuations in the state and short periods of some improvement in these patients.
Total (global, paralytic) dementiamanifested by the primary loss of the ability to logic and understanding of reality.
Memory impairments are very severe, but they can also lag significantly behind disorders of abstract thinking. A sharp decrease or complete absence of a critical attitude to the disease is noticeable. The pathological process often affects the moral properties of the individual: the sense of duty, delicacy, correctness, politeness, modesty disappear. Personality disorders are so pronounced that patients cease to be like themselves (the “core of personality” is destroyed): they can scold cynically, get naked, urinate and defecate right in the ward, they are sexually disinhibited.
A 57-year-old patient, a taxi driver, has always had an imperious, rude character, did not allow any initiative from his wife and children, completely controlled the expenses of money in the family, was jealous, and abused alcohol for many years. Over the past year, he has changed dramatically in character: he became complacent and sentimental, stopped actively taking care of the car, could not figure out minor breakdowns, and provided any repairs to his sons. He continued to work as a driver, but forgot how to navigate the city, all the time asking passengers for directions. He stopped drinking alcohol, did not delve into the affairs of the family and the family budget. I didn’t do anything at home, I didn’t watch TV, because I didn’t understand the meaning of the programs. In response to the appeal of the television announcer "Good evening!" often answered: “And good evening to you!”. He often began to sing songs aloud, but he could not remember many words and constantly replaced them with a meaningless "hoo-lu", while tears always appeared in his eyes. He did not understand why his relatives brought him to the doctor, but he did not mind hospitalization at all. In the department he made immodest compliments to female doctors and nurses.
Computed tomography revealed signs of brain atrophy with a predominant lesion of the frontal cortex.
The cause of total dementia is a direct lesion of the cerebral cortex. These can be diffuse processes, such as degenerative diseases (Alzheimer's and Pick's disease), meningoencephalitis (for example, syphilitic meningoencephalitis - progressive paralysis), dementia after self-hanging. However, sometimes a small pathological process in the area of the frontal lobes (local trauma, tumor, partial atrophy) leads to a similar clinical picture. Significant fluctuations in the condition of patients are usually not observed, in many cases there is a steady increase in symptoms.
Thus, the division of dementia into total and lacunar is not a pathoanatomical, but a syndromic concept, since diffuse vascular processes are the cause of lacunar dementia, and total dementia can occur due to local damage to the frontal lobes.
Epileptic (concentric) dementiain fact, it is one of the varieties of organic dementia.
Schizophrenic dementiasignificantly different from dementia due to organic disease.
With schizophrenia, memory practically does not suffer, there is no loss of the ability to abstract thinking. At the same time, its harmony and purposefulness are violated, as well as passivity and indifference are growing. A characteristic symptom is discontinuity (schizophasia). Usually patients have no desire to achieve results. This is expressed in the fact that they, without trying to answer the doctor’s question, immediately declare: “I don’t know!”. Physically strong patients with a fairly good stock of knowledge cannot work at all, because they do not feel the slightest need for work, communication, and success. Patients do not take care of themselves, do not attach importance to clothes, stop washing and brushing their teeth. At the same time, their speech often contains unexpected highly abstract associations (symbolism, neologisms, paralogical thinking). Patients usually do not make gross errors in arithmetic operations. Only at the final stages of the disease, a long "inaction of the intellect" leads to the loss of the accumulated stock of knowledge and skills. Thus, the central disorders in schizophrenic dementia should be considered impoverishment of emotions, lack of will and impaired harmony of thinking. More precisely, this state should be denoted asapathico-abulic syndrome(see section 8.3.3).
Good afternoon friends. Today I have an interesting topic and it applies to any age. “All diseases are from nerves” is a golden proverb, and here is another confirmation of this.
Stress and nervousness undermine health, reduce years of life, but if in youth the body reacts to a stressful situation with a loss of productivity, then in old age, stress and grief can cause dementia. Let's look at a live example.
Stress and nervousness in old age masquerades as dementia, affects memory and thinking, but this kind of dementia can be cured
Let's look at life history.
45-year-old Pavel: “After the death of my father, my 79-year-old mother stopped coping with everyday life, got confused, did not close the door, lost documents, and several times could not find her apartment in the entrance.”
As expected, Paul went to the doctor. “Dementia in old age is rather one of the norms of this age,” such is the verdict of a specialist. The neuropathologist prescribed drugs to restore brain activity, vascular drugs, and, in general, they improved the general condition of my mother, but not by much. And since the woman could not live alone, Paul hired a nurse.
“Mom often cried, her condition was depressed, she often sat in one position, probably, these are experiences due to the loss of her husband,” Pavel reasoned.
Pavel invited another specialist, and he summed it up like this: “There are senile problems, but my mother has severe depression.” The doctor prescribed sedative therapy, and after two months of treatment, the woman began to recover.
Mom became interested in the kitchen, began to cook her favorite dishes herself, and even began to swear with the nurse, as she herself began to take up housekeeping.
“Mom suddenly showed interest in the kitchen, became more active, cooked my favorite dishes, her eyes became meaningful again”
In general, this story ended with the fact that my mother became a completely independent woman who could well serve herself, so Pavel decided to fire the nurse because of uselessness. Most of the woman's cognitive functions were restored, dementia (dementia) partially receded. This is such a wonderful and inspiring story.
Older people often hide from relatives that they are stressed.
Yes, yes, that's how it usually happens. Firstly, they do not want to upset us and burden those close to us with their problems, secondly, they do not want to appear helpless in the eyes of others, and thirdly, many older people believe that depression in old age is the norm. So, dear relatives, pay attention to your older generation and this table will help you.
SUMMING UP
Depression and anxiety affect a person's memory and thinking, and in old age can even cause dementia. But if prolonged depression is treated in time, many cognitive functions can be restored. And yet - not all doctors know about it.
Stress in young people causes life stupor or negatively affects productivity
Many young people complain that: “Everything falls out of my hands, I can’t concentrate on anything, my memory is gone and my efficiency tends to zero.” They go to the doctor with such symptoms and there they learn that the loss of productivity can be associated with stress or depression.
HISTORY
“I look at the computer and see a set of letters” Alexander, 35 years old
Increased blood pressure and decreased productivity began to be treated with pills, including “for memory”, but the situation has not changed. Then Alexander was sent to a psychiatrist.
“I was afraid to go, I thought that they would recognize me as crazy and they would treat me so that I would become a “vegetable”.
But everything ended well. After a course of psychotherapy and treatment for stress, Alexander began to recover. Sleep returned to normal, memory and working capacity were restored, and after ten days of treatment, Alexander was discharged.
SUMMING UP
The emotional state and mental abilities of young people are directly related to each other. Sometimes it is enough to reduce the level of anxiety in order to restore your working capacity, memory and mental abilities.
IF YOU START TO NOTICE A DEGRADATION OF YOUR MENTAL ABILITIES THE FIRST THING YOU SHOULD DO THIS
Before you do an MRI of the brain and start taking memory pills, think: “Am I worried about something?”. As you already understood, the saying “all diseases are from the nerves” is the “correct” saying and it can explain a lot. Longing, tearfulness, self-doubt, feelings of loneliness, negative thoughts or self-flagellation are all markers of a nervous breakdown. If one of these points is yours, analyze the root cause of such a state and take measures to improve your mental state. If you are older, then stress or nervousness can cause a “dementia attack”, if you are young, then stress can cause a decrease in productivity or a deterioration in mental abilities.
But the good news is that with this type of illness, intellectual improvements will be noticeable within a couple of weeks after calming therapy.
Oleg Pletenchuk, based on materials from psychologies.ru
Schizophrenia is the most common mental disorder. Schizophrenia has characteristic features: it is easily diagnosed in our time, but it is difficult to treat.
Schizo-like disorders can develop suddenly, in a completely healthy person. At the same time, the age of manifestation of schizophrenia covers all age groups.
The main features of schizophrenia-like disorders include:
- The possibility of manifestation regardless of age;
- The emotional component of mobile susceptibility is pronounced;
- The presence of a volitional component of mobile susceptibility;
- The presence of an intellectual component of mobile susceptibility.
Signs and symptoms of schizophrenia, and schizo-like disorders of this class, include:
- Delusional judgments, auditory and visual hallucinations, and other mental pathologies, including productive symptoms;
- Decrease in vital reserves, decrease in physical and mental tone. Complete apathy, a decrease in interest in life, including the social and physical sphere of a person;
- The onset of schizophrenia occurs between the ages of thirteen and eighteen. With the exception of juvenile schizophrenia (the manifestation of which falls on the younger school / preschool age).
Intelligence in different types of schizophrenia - Autism
Autism is a mental and somatic disorder that has its own specifics. So, intellectual abilities in autism are partial. A person can be a genius in a particular field of science.
However, the mental part of the development of autism implies a mental disorder that affects the factor of social communication.
Very often schizophrenia is confused with various ones, since both of these mental disorders have similar symptoms.
Intellectual ambivalence, manifested in schizophrenia, is also a distinctive feature of the development of intelligence in general. The ability to hide one's schizophrenia, as well as the ability to intelligently and logically determine one's delusional symptoms, are the first signs of the transformation of the intellect.
The first manifestations of schizophrenia are the same as those of autism. Also in this, the individual begins to show other schizoid features, including: the presence of ambivalence (in all manifestations), hallucinations and delusions.
Hallucinations and delusions that appear during the development of this schizophrenia are often confused with the manifestation of violent fantasy. All these factors make it very difficult to diagnose the disease. Often, until the end of adolescence, a person may not be aware of the presence of schizophrenia.
Schizophrenia - upbringing and intelligence
Despite the fact that schizophrenia directly affects the intellectual abilities of a person, this disease is far from the most important role.
Thus, the upbringing of a person plays an important role in the development of intellectual abilities. People who were taught much more intensively in childhood have a much lower risk of getting this mental illness.
Confirmation of this fact can be found in various sources of medical and psychological literature.
The role of education is important, since it also affects the presence of an emotional component, which plays an important role in the further development of intelligence.
Ambivalence and Resistivity
Excessive coldness of the mother in relation to her child exacerbates the possibility of manifestation of various mental disorders, including schizophrenia. The general fact of the presence of stresses in the development of intelligence cannot be underestimated.
With a large amount of stress in view of the low ambivalence and resistance of the individual at primary school age, there is an increased risk of getting not only schizophrenia, but also autism. Both of these diseases significantly affect the development of intellectual abilities and features of cognitive perception.
Ambivalence is the ability to perceive influence, succumbing and changing according to the influence itself.
Resistivity is the ability to resist negative mental/physical influences on the body.
The opinions of scientists regarding the impact of schizophrenia on intelligence are largely divergent. There are several very different opinions among themselves:
- One group of scientists believes that intelligence in schizophrenia suffers very little, or does not suffer at all. All violations related to the intellect affect the volitional sphere of a person more. And autism is directly a violation of the emotional sphere.
A person with a mental disorder to a greater extent loses his social perception skills. (In particular, this can be seen in cases of paranoid schizophrenia, in which intellectual abilities are not affected, in general);
The famous mathematician, Nobel laureate, John Forbes Nash suffered from manifestations of paranoid schizophrenia. And it was paranoid schizophrenia that helped the scientist to create a unique mathematical model, which made him a Nobel Prize winner.
- The second group believes that it is not schizophrenia that affects intellectual pathologies, but rather the level of intelligence has a greater effect on the manifestations of schizophrenia. This opinion is supported by the fact that many more people suffer from schizophrenia if their intellectual abilities are at or below the average level;
- The third group believes that schizophrenia and intellectual abilities have a mutual relationship. The thought disturbances that later cause schizophrenia are exacerbated by the psychiatric disorder itself. It is the cognitive sphere that suffers most under the influence of the emotional and volitional. Violation of the self-image in this case can reduce the intellectual abilities of a person at the physical or psychosomatic level;
- The last group believes that the change in the functions of the intellect is tied not so much to schizophrenia itself, but to underlying factors. It is the treatment of schizophrenia (its drug component) that directly affects the neurons of the brain. And antipsychotics, and antipsychotics, the action of which has not yet been fully studied, change a person completely.
Schizophrenia is a difficult disease to diagnose. This imposes certain restrictions on the study of the pathogenesis of the disease in general. One can only assert with full confidence about the root causes that cause intellectual impairment.
Despite the abundance of theories asserting the opposite, it can be judged that the Intellect in schizophrenia is completely preserved. Only the perception itself changes, which affects not the level of intelligence, but the scope of its application.
Thus, a schizophrenic patient uses his cognitive resources not to lead a full life, but to logically substantiate his delirium, or hide his illness.
Dopamine stimulation
In view of the peculiarities of the course of schizophrenia, it is worth saying that the theory of dopamine stimulation remains the most popular.
Dopamine stimulation is the main cause of the emergence and development of many mental illnesses. Also, it is dopamine stimulation that subsequently causes dopamine addiction.
Dopamine addiction is the primary source for the presence of a different kind of addiction: nicotine, alcohol, sexual, toxic, adrenaline, and others.
Dopamine is the primary source for the production of norepinephrine and adrenaline. It is also a hormone that can cause feelings of happiness and pleasure.
It was the supporters of the dopamine theory, as well as its influence on the course of the disease, that brought out a formula that can greatly alleviate the course of schizophrenia with the help of drugs of the class: neuroleptics and antipsychotics. A side effect of the use of such drugs is a state of chronic depression, which can occur in a person suffering from schizophrenia. Also, it is neuroleptics that reduce the functions of the human cognitive sphere.
Causes of intellectual impairment in schizophrenia
Despite the fact that schizophrenia has no direct effect on intellectual abilities. There are a number of data, thanks to which it can be judged that it is schizophrenia that is indirectly the main cause of intellectual impairment.
First of all, it is worth knowing that schizophrenia is not only a psychological illness, but also a very serious somatic illness. During the progress of the disease, the structure of the brain changes completely, including those departments that are responsible for the human intellect.
It is important to know that such changes in the patient's head do not occur with all subspecies of schizophrenia. Paranoid schizophrenia, for example, has no effect on the cognitive component of a person.
Antipsychotics and antipsychotics are also not the last factor that affects the development or degradation of intelligence. Significantly changing the structure of the work of neurons, and blocking dopamine, but also directly affect the decline in human mental abilities. Risperidone, olanzapine haloperiol have the greatest effect on intelligence. However, it is these drugs that give the greatest effect, and have the least side effects.
Addictions of a narcotic nature, which occur when taking antipsychotics and antipsychotics, can directly affect the level of intelligence more than any of the above factors. It is known that the consumption of desomorphine, alcohol, and other psychotropic drugs destroy the brain.
The reason for the occurrence of such addictions can be a low level of dopamine.
Schizophrenia is characterized by the emergence of the so-called emotional-volitional defect, in which the patient simply does not use his intellect. In psychiatry, such a state is compared to a closed bookcase, the contents of which are of no interest to anyone.
Antipsychotics contribute to a decrease in intelligence in schizophrenia, and this is confirmed by many scientists. But at present, atypical antipsychotics are widely used, which have the least toxicity, so they have fewer side effects, and when they are taken, there are almost no extrapyramidal disorders.
Features of changes in intellectual activity in schizophrenia
Features of changes in intellectual activity in schizophrenia may not appear for a long time. In view of some features of the human body, such features may not exist at all.
However, if schizophrenia proceeds mildly enough, and remission stages are observed, intelligence is practically not affected.
In the case of malignant manifestations of schizophrenia (rapidly progressive schizophrenia, concomitant mental disorders that do not allow the full use of atypical antipsychotics), the decrease in mental abilities is expressed quite clearly.
In most cases, it is not the level of intellect that changes, but the properties of the volitional-emotional effect appear when a person does not use his intellect, or uses it as a way to hide his illness.
In this case, it is impossible to correct intellectual abilities, but it is possible to correct behavior, making a person socially sane. This process is carried out with the help of special psychotherapies that allow the patient to fully realize the presence of an illness, which subsequently can slow down the development of the disease and change the scope of the intellect (in the case of the effect of emotional-volitional ambivalence.)
The main feature of the change in intellectual abilities is the change in the way in which the logical chain is compiled. This was discovered when schizophrenic patients were forced to solve complex problems.
With such tasks, schizophrenics coped much faster than healthy people. However, when schizophrenics were given enough simple tasks, they could not solve them, as they often looked for a catch or created ground for additional judgments, which, for obvious reasons, prevented them from solving the task. Such changes in intelligence were most evident in the diagnosis of paranoid schizophrenia. And the least such a change in thinking was manifested in juvenile schizophrenia.
Juvenile schizophrenia: a mental disorder of the schizophrenia class. Main: the age of its manifestation.
Juvenile schizophrenia manifests itself at a very early age: there were cases when such a diagnosis was made in children as young as five years old.
At the same time, it is far from always possible to make a correct diagnosis; instead of juvenile schizophrenia, a mental disorder is often diagnosed - an unspecified inorganic psychosis. It has one feature. In view of the inaccuracy of the criteria defining subtypes of schizophrenia, non-specified non-organic psychosis is the most commonly used diagnosis.
The main feature of juvenile schizophrenia is the absence of
And changes in the cognitive sphere of human perception. Instead, a person becomes prone to hallucinations, which are most actively manifested during attacks.
Psychotherapy as a science in our time is at a sufficient level of development in order to conduct and prescribe appropriate psychotherapy, which will help to correct and socialize the patient as much as possible. If the mental disorder was correctly and timely diagnosed, there is a chance of complete elimination of schizophrenia.
A common belief is that a person's intellectual abilities inevitably deteriorate with age. It is believed that after studying at school and graduating from the institute, we learn the bulk of knowledge, the main working skills we get up to 30-35 years, and then a decline necessarily begins. We believe it and... we are afraid. But do people really get dumber with age?
The first thing I would like to note is that the feeling that you have become stupid is irrational, like any feeling. Some real facts can serve as an impetus for it, but it would be hasty to draw conclusions on its basis. So let's look at the scientific evidence.
What happens to the brain as a person grows up? In infants and young children, brain development occurs at its highest rate. For the first time, neural connections are established, which will later become the basis of habitual adult skills - walking, speaking, reading and writing. But is it possible to say that the average baby is smarter than a student?
Here, by the way, is the first fact: the high intensity of processes in the brain does not yet mean the highest intellectual abilities. The baby develops so actively because he needs to have time to lay the "base" for the future life. The same can be said about schoolchildren and even students.
The last grades of school and the time of study at the institute (that is, between the ages of about 15 and 25) really have a peak in the ability to remember new information and master unfamiliar subject areas. This is partly due to the biochemical processes in the brain: nerve cells begin to gradually die off after 20 years.
Although, as studies have shown, the volume of dead cells is insignificant and really practically does not affect the thinking abilities of a person, especially considering that the number of neurons themselves is only 10 percent of the total brain volume. But there are other reasons: the less knowledge we have, the easier our brain absorbs it, like a sponge.
And with age, when we have already accumulated a certain baggage of information and developed critical thinking, any new information must be tested (whether it is consistent with the rest of our knowledge, whether it contradicts it) and "integrate" into the existing picture of the world.
It is not surprising that a forty-year-old person will need more time to assimilate the same amount of new information than a twenty-year-old person. . But his intellectual resources will be more active at the same time: he will do the work not only of memorizing new information, but also subjecting them to critical reflection and refreshing all previous knowledge related to this topic.
Moreover, scientists have already refuted the postulate that with the end of adolescence and the beginning of adulthood, the brain loses its ability to plasticity - the formation of new nerve cells and connections between them. Studies of the brain activity of people who have had a stroke have proven that the adult brain is able to produce neurons and establish new connections between them.
There is another psychological factor: the more we learn, the less significant the increase in new knowledge seems to be. A first-year student who has studied for six months feels incredibly wiser compared to the school period. A person receiving a second higher education or taking advanced training courses no longer feels such euphoria, although he does no less mental work.
However, there is some truth to the assumption that many people get dumber with age. And it consists in this: intellectual abilities need training. Getting an education (which is laid down by the standard "social" program), we voluntarily or involuntarily "train" our neurons.
And then everything depends only on us: on the choice of work, leisure, breadth of views on life, the number of books read ... Moreover, the development of the brain occurs not only during intellectual work - its work is also beneficially influenced by a variety of impressions.
That is, "training the brain" is not only reading new books, but also mastering new sports, traveling to places where you have never been, learning to play board games - whatever.
And here the psychological factor also plays a significant role: one who considers such leisure "childish" and unworthy of a respectable adult, or one who does not want to act as a beginner, preferring to always be on top in everything, in the long run significantly reduces his mental development.
Observing the conditions of "training the brain", with age you will be able to observe not a decrease, but even an increase in intellectual capabilities, experts say. If the main advantage of students and young people is the speed of assimilation of new information, then middle-aged people are most productive where they can use their accumulated knowledge and experience, primarily in the professional field.
After 30-35 years, a person's level of analytical abilities increases, as well as self-esteem increases, which favorably affects many areas of activity - from the quality of communication skills to the effectiveness of solving problems in a team.
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