Composition: neomycin sulfate with an activity of at least 650 μg / mg (calculated on dry matter).
Package: bottle 0.5 g, 1 g.
Storage conditions: at t from 5 ° С to 25 ° С (list B).
Shelf life: 3 years.
Indications: for the treatment of bacterial infections.
Mode of application: orally.
INSTRUCTIONS
on the use of Neomycin sulfate for the treatment of young farm animals with gastrointestinal diseases of bacterial etiology
(manufacturing organization CJSC NPP Agrofarm, Voronezh, Voronezh region)
I. GENERAL INFORMATION
1. Neomycin sulfate (Neomycini sulfas)
2. Neomycin sulfate is an antibacterial preparation in the form of a powder for oral administration, containing (in terms of dry matter) at least 650 μg / mg of the active ingredient (AI) - neomycin sulfate.
3. The drug is a white or yellowish-white amorphous powder, almost odorless, easily soluble in water.
4. Produce the drug in the form of a sterile powder, packaged in 0.5 g; 1.0 g DV in sterile vials made of neutral glass with a capacity of 10 ml, sealed with rubber stoppers and rolled in aluminum caps.
Each bottle is marked with the indication: the name of the manufacturer, its address and trademark, the name of the drug, the name and content of the active substance in the bottle, the batch number; date of manufacture, expiration date, storage conditions, inscriptions "For animals", method of application, designation of technical conditions and provide instructions for use.
Store the drug with caution (list B) in a dry, dark place at a temperature of 5 ° C to 25 ° C.
Shelf life, subject to storage conditions, is 3 years from the date of manufacture. It is forbidden to use the drug after its expiration date.
II. PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES
5. Neomycin sulfate is an aminoglycoside antibiotic with a broad spectrum of action, active against many gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms, including staphylococci, Escherichia coli, Salmonella.
After oral administration of neomycin sulfate to animals, it is almost not absorbed and has a local effect on the intestinal microflora. The antibiotic is excreted from the body with feces and urine.
6. Neomycin sulfate, according to the degree of impact on the body, is classified as a highly hazardous substance (hazard class 2 according to GOST 12.1.007).
III. APPLICATION PROCEDURE
7. Neomycin sulfate is used to treat young farm animals with colibacillosis, pasteurellosis, gastroenterocolitis and other diseases of the gastrointestinal tract of bacterial etiology.
8. The drug is administered orally 3 times a day in doses of 10-20 mg / kg of animal weight. The course of treatment is 5-7 days.
9. A contraindication to the use of neomycin sulfate is the combined use of neomycin sulfate with other antibiotics that cause ototoxic and nephrotoxic effects (streptomycin, kanamycin, gentamicin), as well as its parenteral administration.
10. When using the drug in animals, sometimes allergic reactions and disorders of intestinal function are manifested. In case of allergic reactions, the use of the drug is discontinued and desensitizing therapy is carried out.
11. Slaughter of animals for meat is allowed no earlier than 7 days after the last use of the drug. The meat of animals that were forcedly killed before the expiration of the specified period can be used for feeding carnivores or for the production of meat and bone meal.
IV. PERSONAL PREVENTION MEASURES
12. When working with the drug, you should follow the general rules of personal hygiene and safety measures provided for when working with drugs.
13. The drug should be stored out of the reach of children.
The instruction was developed by CJSC NPP Agrofarm, Voronezh region.
Manufacturing organization CJSC NPP Agrofarm (394087, Voronezh region, Voronezh, Lomonosov st., 114-b).
Recommended for registration in the Russian Federation "FGU VGNKI".
Registration number PVR-2-1.9 / 00173
If the inflammatory process is accompanied by the separation of pus, an increase in temperature indicators and a deterioration in general well-being, then the cause of the pathology is a bacterial infection. Then it is urgently necessary to use antibiotics with a wide range of effects. In many cases, doctors prescribe neomycin sulfate products.
Chemical name
In Latin, the drug is called Neomycinum. The chemical name is also indicated in the instructions:
2RS, 3S, 4S, 5R-5-amino-2-aminomethyl-6-2R, 3S, 4R, 5S-5-1R, 2R, 5R, 6R-3,5-diamino-2-2R, 3S, 4R, 5S-3-amino-6-aminomethyl-4,5-dihydroxytetrahydro-2 h-pyran-2-yloxy-6-hydroxycyclohexyloxy-4-hydroxy-2 (hydroxymethyl) tetrahydrofuran-3-yloxy-tetrahydro-2 h-pyran- 3,4-diol.
Chemical properties
Neomycin sulfate belongs to the group of antibiotics. It is a first generation aminoglycoside derivative. This component is a mixture of different types of neomycin A, B and C. Its effect is aimed at the production of actinomycetes and related microorganisms.
A chemical compound means a crystalline powder of a yellowish or off-white hue.
Has no specific smell. It dissolves well in water, but interacts poorly with alcohol.
pharmachologic effect
The active ingredient has bactericidal and antibacterial effects.
Shows activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Decrease in sensitivity develops slowly. Neomycin medicines have no effect on anaerobic microbes, viruses and pathogenic fungi.
Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics
The active ingredient has the ability to cross the cell membrane of bacterial agents and interact with specific protein receptors. Due to this effect, the substance has a bacteriostatic effect.
Destroys corynebacterium, eshechiria, streptococcus, salmonella, staphylococcus, shigella, protea, Escherichia coli, enterococcus.
After internal use, it is poorly absorbed by the intestines. When the medication is applied to the damaged skin, maximum absorption is observed. Begins to take effect in 30 minutes.
Indications for the use of Neomycin sulfate
It is prescribed to patients for local, external and internal use (depending on the form of release) under the following conditions:
- contagious impetigo;
- infected eczema;
- furunculosis, ulcers, infected wounds and burns on the skin;
- inflammation and infections of the gastrointestinal tract;
- purulent conjunctivitis.
It is often used to prevent complications after surgery on the optic organ and before surgery as a partial sterilization of the intestinal canal.
With hemorrhoids
It is prescribed for patients with acute hemorrhoids, which is accompanied by the separation of pus and the development of complications. It is applied topically. It is applied to external hemorrhoids.
Contraindications
The medicine is not allowed for use in all cases. The instructions for use contain several contraindications in the form of:
- allergic reactions to aminoglycosides;
- severe damage to the skin;
- the formation of trophic ulcers;
- obstructive lesions of the intestinal tract.
With caution, the medication is prescribed to people over 60 years old, patients with lesions of the cranial nerves, myasthenia gravis, Parkinson's disease.
Side effects of neomycin sulfate
If the drug is used topically, then there is a possibility of developing side symptoms in the form of:
- rashes on the skin;
- itching and redness;
- contact dermatitis.
When used internally, patients complain of a number of other side effects in the form of:
- nausea, vomiting, stomatitis;
- anemia;
- numbness or twitching of muscle tissue;
- pressure surges;
- weight loss or hypocalcemia;
- weakness, difficulty breathing, drowsiness and headache;
- dizziness.
In severe cases, there is a febrile condition, Quincke's edema, hypertension or hypokalemia.
Overdose
If the patient does not adhere to the prescribed dosage, then breathing stops, neuromuscular conduction decreases, and side symptoms increase.
Treatment involves intravenous administration of anticholinesterase drugs, calcium preparations, Atropine. The remnants of the drug can be removed using hemolytic or peritoneal dialysis.
Method of application and dosage of Neomycin sulfate
The dose in each case is selected individually, depending on the type and course of the disease, the age and condition of the patient.
When prescribing a medication inside, adults and adolescents are advised to take 1 g of neomycin per day. The duration of the treatment course is from 5 to 10 days.
When used topically, the medicine is applied to the damaged skin. Frequency rate of application - from 1 to 3 times a day.
special instructions
The medication should be taken with caution in case of liver failure, diseases of the nervous system, impaired auditory function.
Do not apply the ointment to a large area. Long-term use can lead to complications. If a patient develops tinnitus during the treatment process, increases the protein in the urine, or has allergic reactions, then the drug should be discontinued.
For children
The medicine is rarely used in pediatric practice. The instructions for use indicate that children under 6 years of age are an absolute contraindication. For children 6 to 12 years of age, a dosage adjustment is required.
Elderly
For people over 60, an antibacterial agent is prescribed with caution.
During pregnancy and lactation
Neomycin is not used to treat pregnant women. This is due to the fact that the active substance can lead to a violation of the formation and development of the fetus.
A small amount of the drug passes into breast milk. Therefore, during antibiotic treatment, it is worth giving up lactation.
Interaction
The effect of neomycin is enhanced by the simultaneous administration of indirect anticoagulants, since it reduces the metabolic rate of vitamin K.
When taking an antibacterial drug, there is a decrease in the action of Fluorouracil, Methotrexate, vitamins A and B12, oral contraceptives, Chloramphenicol, Nystatin and Ternidazole.
The toxic effect on the kidneys, ears and the nervous system is enhanced by the use of inhalation anesthetics, Polymyxin, Capreomycin.
Sometimes used in veterinary medicine for animals.
Preparations that contain
The active ingredient is included in the Neomycin tablets. This component is also combined with dexamethasone, medicinal plants and other substances. It is part of some medicines:
- Flucourt N.
- Polygynax in vaginal tablets.
- Nefluan.
- Polydexa in the form of nasal drops.
- Pimafukort in the form of an ointment.
- Baneocin powder.
- Flucinar N.
- Anauran in the form of an ear solution.
Before using it, you should familiarize yourself with the annotation.
Terms of sale
The medication is sold by prescription.
Price
The cost depends on the form of release and the region of Russia. The average price ranges from 220-390 rubles.
Analogs
You can purchase a similar product in terms of composition and action:
- Mitzerin.
- Soframycin.
- Aktilin.
- Enterfram.
- Framycetin.
- Sofrana.
The dosage and duration of treatment should be selected by the doctor, based on the individual characteristics of the patient.
Neomycin has a broad spectrum of antibacterial action. It is effective against a number of gram-positive (staphylococci, pneumococci, etc.) and gram-negative (Escherichia coli, dysentery bacillus, Proteus, etc.) microorganisms. In relation to streptococci, it is inactive. It does not affect pathogenic (disease-causing) fungi, viruses and anaerobic flora (microorganisms that can exist in the absence of oxygen). Resistance of microorganisms to neomycin develops slowly and to a small extent. The drug has a bactericidal effect (destroys bacteria). When administered intramuscularly, neomycin enters the bloodstream rapidly; the therapeutic concentration remains in the blood for 8-10 hours. When taken orally, the drug is poorly absorbed and practically has only a local effect on the intestinal microflora. Despite its high activity, neomycin is currently of limited use, which is associated with its high nephro- and ototoxicity (damaging effects on the kidneys and hearing organs). With parenteral (bypassing the digestive tract) use of the drug, kidney damage and damage to the auditory nerve, up to complete deafness, can be observed. A block of neuromuscular conduction may develop. When taken orally, neomycin usually does not have a toxic (damaging) effect, however, if the renal excretory function is impaired, its accumulation (accumulation) in the blood serum is possible, which increases the risk of side effects. In addition, in violation of the integrity of the intestinal mucosa, with cirrhosis of the liver, uremia (the end stage of kidney disease, characterized by the accumulation of nitrogenous toxins in the blood), the absorption of neomycin from the intestine may increase. The drug is not absorbed through intact skin.
Indications for use:
Prescribe neomycin sulfate orally for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract caused by microorganisms that are sensitive to it, including enteritis (inflammation of the small intestines) caused by microorganisms resistant to other antibiotics, before surgery on the digestive tract (for sanitation / processing / intestines). Topically used for purulent skin diseases (pyoderma / purulent inflammation of the skin /, infected eczema / neuroallergic skin inflammation with added microbial infection / etc.), infected wounds, conjunctivitis (inflammation of the outer membrane of the eye), keratitis (inflammation of the cornea) and other eye diseases and etc.Mode of application:
Before prescribing a drug to a patient, it is desirable to determine the sensitivity of the microflora to it that caused the disease in this patient. Inside appoint in the form of tablets or solutions. Doses for adults: single -0.1-0.2 g, daily - 0.4 g. Children of infants and preschool age are prescribed 4 mg / kg 2 times a day. The course of treatment is 5-7 days. For infants, you can prepare an antibiotic solution containing 4 mg of the drug in 1 ml, and give the child as many milliliters per dose as his body weight is in kilograms. For preoperative preparation, neomycin is prescribed for 1-2 days. Neomycin is used externally in the form of solutions or ointments. Apply solutions in sterile distilled water containing 5 mg (5000 U) of the drug in 1 ml. A single dose of the solution should not exceed 30 ml, daily - 50-100 ml. The total amount of 0.5% ointment, applied once, should not exceed 25-50 g, 2% ointment - 5-10 g; during the day - respectively, 50-100 and 10-20 g.Side effects:
Neomycin sulfate is well tolerated when applied topically. When ingested, sometimes nausea, less often vomiting, loose stools, and allergic reactions occur. Long-term use of neomycin can lead to the development of candidiasis (fungal disease). Oto- and nephrotoxicity (damaging effects on the hearing organs and kidney tissue).Contraindications:
Neomycin is contraindicated in kidney disease (nephrosis, nephritis) and auditory nerve. Neomycin should not be used together with other antibiotics that have ototoxic and nephrotoxic effects (streptomycin, monomycin, kanamycin, gentamicin). In case of appearance of tinnitus during treatment with neomycin, allergic phenomena and if protein is detected in the urine, it is necessary to stop taking the drug. Prescribing to pregnant women requires special care. The drug should be prescribed with caution to patients with an indication of a history of allergic reactions (medical history).Release form:
Tablets of 0.1 and 0.25 g; in vials of 0.5 g (50,000 units); 0.5% and 2% ointment (in tubes of 15 and 30 g).Storage conditions:
List B. In a dry place at room temperature. Solutions of neomycin sulfate are prepared before use. Synonyms: Neomycin, Micerin, Soframycin, Aktilin, Bikomiyin, Enterfram, Framycetin, Miatsin, Mitsifradin, Framiyin, Neofracin, Neomin, Nivemycin, Sofrana. Attention! Before using the drug Neomycin sulfate. This instruction is given in free translation and is intended solely for information. For more information, please refer to the manufacturer's annotation.2RS, 3S, 4S, 5R) -5-amino-2- (aminomethyl) -6 - ((2R, 3S, 4R, 5S) -5 - ((1R, 2R, 5R, 6R) -3,5-diamino -2 - ((2R, 3S, 4R, 5S) -3-amino-6- (aminomethyl) -4,5-dihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yloxy) -6-hydroxycyclohexyloxy) -4-hydroxy-2- (hydroxymethyl) tetrahydrofuran-3-yloxy) tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4-diol
Chemical properties
Neomycin is a group of first generation aminoglycoside antibiotics. This substance is a mixture of various types Neomycin A , WITH and V generated by actinomycete Streptomyces fradiae or related organisms.
Most often, in preparations, the substance is in the form neomycin sulfate ... The chemical compound is a yellowish or white crystalline powder that does not have a specific odor, is highly soluble in water and poorly in alcohol. The product is insoluble in organic l-yah, hygroscopic. Molecular weight = 614.6 grams per mole.
pharmachologic effect
Bactericidal , antibacterial .
Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics
Neomycin crosses the bacterial cell membrane well and binds to specific protein receptors located on 30S subunit of chromosomes ... Under the action of the agent, the process of formation of a complex from mRNA and tRNA , the synthesis of protein molecules is inhibited. Thus, the substance exhibits bacteriostatic properties. If the concentration of the antibiotic is 1-2 orders of magnitude higher, then the cytoplasmic membranes of microbial cells are irreversibly damaged, bacteria die.
Neomycin sulfate is active in relation to gram negative and gram-positive bacteria: Corynebacterium diphtheriae , streptococci , salmonella , staphylococci , Escherichia coli , Shigella spp. , Bacillus anthracis , Proteus spp ... Tolerance to the drug develops slowly. The medicine has no effect on anaerobic microorganisms, viruses and pathogenic fungi.
After oral administration, the drug is poorly absorbed (less than 3%) and affects only the intestinal microflora, without penetrating into other tissues and organs. After application to the skin surface, provided there is no damage, systemic absorption of the drug is minimal. However, when applying the product to large surfaces, areas with granulation rash , wounds or abrasions, the substance is quickly and well absorbed and enters the systemic circulation. The maximum concentration after taking the drug inside is reached within 30 minutes - 1.5 hours. The degree of binding to blood proteins in the agent is small - no more than 10%.
Despite the fact that the drug does not penetrate well into bones, adipose tissue, bile, breast milk and the central nervous system, it crosses the placental barrier. Neomycin is not metabolized. The half-life is no more than 4 hours. The small part of the drug that has penetrated into the blood plasma is excreted by the kidneys, the rest - with the feces.
If the patient's kidneys are impaired, the drug may accumulate in the blood serum. Intramuscular injections of the drug suggest rapid and complete absorption of the active ingredient.
Due to the fact that the drug is poorly absorbed when taken orally, it can be used to treat diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and to prepare for surgery.
The level of this drug decreases LDL , bile acids and . However, it does not affect the level triglycerides ... Also, the drug is used for instillation into the conjunctival sac.
Indications for use
The drug is used topically and externally:
- in infectious and inflammatory diseases associated with bacteria sensitive to the active substance ( contagious impetigo , , furunculosis , ulcers, wounds and burns, frostbite, pyoderma etc.);
- for the prevention of complications after eye surgery.
Inside the medicine can be prescribed:
- for infections and inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract ( enteritis );
- as part of preparatory measures before operations on the gastrointestinal tract, for partial "sterilization" of the intestine.
Contraindications
Neomycin preparations do not use:
- for other aminoglycosides or an active ingredient in a medicine;
- if, with local application, there is damage to the surface of the skin;
- in patients with large lesions, trophic ulcers (for external use);
- in combination with nephro- or ototoxic drugs ;
- in children under 6 years of age;
- with obstructive conditions or bowel diseases (tablets);
- in persons suffering from renal failure (ingestion).
- elderly patients;
- with the defeat of 8 pairs of cranial nerves;
- patients with,;
- at botulism ;
- pregnant women;
- at ;
- while breastfeeding.
Side effects
During local use of this remedy, the following may occur: allergic reactions, skin irritation, itching, skin rashes, hyperemia , contact dermatitis .
When taken orally, the following are observed:
- nausea, hyperbilirubinemia , vomiting, increased activity of liver enzymes, hypersalivation ;
- anemia , granulocytopenia , thrombocytopenia ;
- involuntary muscle twitching, numbness of some parts of the body;
- leukopenia , rise or fall in blood pressure;
- reticulocytopenia , paresthesias , ;
- weight loss, hypocalcemia , hypomagnesemia ;
- rarely - weakness, breathing problems, and headaches;
- complications in the ears, tinnitus, a feeling of blocked ears;
- decreased hearing acuity, dizziness;
- unsteadiness of gait, deafness (rare);
- development of secondary infections, hyponatremia ;
- allergic skin reactions, eosinophilia itching;
- , hypokalemia , hyperthermia .
Neomycin, application instruction (Way and dosage)
The dosage regimen of the drug is individual. Depends on the disease, dosage form, age and condition of the patient.
Instructions for Neomycin Sulfate for oral administration
For children aged 12 years or more and adult patients, a single dosage is 1 gram. In pediatric practice, no more than 0.25-0.5 g of the drug is used at a time. The daily dosage is determined by the attending physician on an individual basis.
The maximum duration of treatment is 10 days.
Topically, the substance is used 1 to 3 times a day. The drug is applied in a thin layer. Treatment of massive skin areas should be avoided.
Overdose
In case of an overdose, respiratory arrest occurs, a decrease in neuromuscular conduction, and an increase in other side reactions. As a treatment, adults are given intravenously anticholinesterase drugs (for example, proserpine 2 minutes after an increase in heart rate), calcium supplements, (0.5-07, mg). Atropine can be injected.
In case of an overdose in children, calcium preparations and artificial ventilation of the lungs, if necessary, are indicated. The medicine can be withdrawn by hemolytic dialysis and peritoneal dialysis .
Interaction
Neomycin enhances the effect of taking indirect anticoagulants as it reduces the metabolic rate vitamin K in the intestinal flora.
When this substance is combined with , ,vitamins A and AT 12 , cardiac glycosides , chenodeoxycholic acid or oral contraceptives may reduce the effectiveness of the drugs.
The medicine should not be taken simultaneously with kanamycin , , and others nephro- and ototoxic antibacterial agents .
Taking medication with drugs that block neuromuscular transmission, capreomycin , aminoglycosides , inhalation anesthetics , citrate preservatives in artificial blood, its toxic effect on the ears, kidneys and central nervous system is enhanced.
Terms of sale
You must have a prescription with you.
special instructions
Avoid applying ointment or gel to a large or damaged area of the skin, this can lead to hearing loss and the development of other unwanted adverse reactions.
At perforation of the tympanic membrane taking this antibiotic inside is highly discouraged.
If, during the course of therapy, the patient began to make noise in the ears, protein was found in the urine, or allergic reactions developed, then the drug should be discontinued.
Treatment with the drug should not be carried out for more than 10 days, as the risk of developing skin sensitization or cross-sensitivity to other antibiotics of this group increases.
For children
Elderly
With extreme caution, antibiotic treatment is carried out in persons over 65 years of age.
During pregnancy and lactation
During pregnancy, the drug is not prescribed, as this can cause disturbances in the development of 8 pairs of cranial nerves in the fetus.
It should also be remembered that a small amount of the active ingredient is excreted in breast milk. The question of stopping breastfeeding should be raised.
Preparations which contain (Analogues)
Matching ATX level 4 code:This substance is included in: tablets Neomycin , Neomycin sulfate .
Also, in combination with other active ingredients, Neomycin is found in preparations: Flucourt N , , Nefluan , , Polygynax Virgo , , (neomycin and), , Dexon , Triacept , , with phenylephrine , Trophodermin , , Betnowate , Elzhina .
Neomycin - a drug (tablets), belongs to a group of drugs used for conditions associated with acidity disorders. This medicinal product is characterized by the following application features:
- Sold by prescription only
- During pregnancy: with caution
- When breastfeeding: contraindicated
- In childhood: contraindicated
Package
Chemical name
2RS, 3S, 4S, 5R) -5-amino-2- (aminomethyl) -6 - ((2R, 3S, 4R, 5S) -5 - ((1R, 2R, 5R, 6R) -3,5-diamino -2 - ((2R, 3S, 4R, 5S) -3-amino-6- (aminomethyl) -4,5-dihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yloxy) -6-hydroxycyclohexyloxy) -4-hydroxy-2- (hydroxymethyl) tetrahydrofuran-3-yloxy) tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4-diol
Chemical properties
Neomycin is a group of first generation aminoglycoside antibiotics. This substance is a mixture of different types of neomycin A, C and B, which are produced by the actinomycete Streptomyces fradiae or related organisms.
Most often, in preparations, the substance is in the form of neomycin sulfate. The chemical compound is a yellowish or white crystalline powder that does not have a specific odor, is highly soluble in water and poorly in alcohol. The product is insoluble in organic l-yah, hygroscopic. Molecular weight = 614.6 grams per mole.
pharmachologic effect
Bactericidal, antibacterial.
Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics
Neomycin crosses the bacterial cell membrane well and binds to specific receptor proteins located on the 30S subunit of chromosomes. Under the action of the agent, the process of complex formation from mRNA and tRNA is disrupted, the synthesis of protein molecules is inhibited. Thus, the substance exhibits bacteriostatic properties. If the concentration of the antibiotic is 1-2 orders of magnitude higher, then the cytoplasmic membranes of microbial cells are irreversibly damaged, bacteria die.
Neomycin sulfate is active against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria: Corynebacterium diphtheriae, streptococci, salmonella, staphylococci, Escherichia coli, Shigella spp., Bacillus anthracis, Proteus spp. Tolerance to the drug develops slowly. The medicine has no effect on anaerobic microorganisms, viruses and pathogenic fungi.
After oral administration, the drug is poorly absorbed (less than 3%) and affects only the intestinal microflora, without penetrating into other tissues and organs. After application to the skin surface, provided there is no damage, systemic absorption of the drug is minimal. However, when applied to large surfaces, areas with granulation rash, wounds or abrasions, the substance is quickly and well absorbed and penetrates into the systemic circulation. The maximum concentration after taking the drug inside is reached within 30 minutes - 1.5 hours. The degree of binding to blood proteins in the agent is small - no more than 10%.
Despite the fact that the drug does not penetrate well into bones, adipose tissue, bile, breast milk and the central nervous system, it crosses the placental barrier. Neomycin is not metabolized. The half-life is no more than 4 hours. The small part of the drug that has penetrated into the blood plasma is excreted by the kidneys, the rest - with the feces.
If the patient's kidneys are impaired, the drug may accumulate in the blood serum. Intramuscular injections of the drug suggest rapid and complete absorption of the active ingredient.
Due to the fact that the drug is poorly absorbed when taken orally, it can be used to treat diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and to prepare for surgery.
This drug lowers the level of LDL, bile acids and cholesterol. However, it does not affect triglyceride levels. Also, the drug is used for instillation into the conjunctival sac.
Indications for use
The drug is used topically and externally:
- with infectious and inflammatory diseases associated with bacteria sensitive to the active substance (contagious impetigo, infected eczema, furunculosis, ulcers, wounds and burns, frostbite, pyoderma, etc.);
- for the prevention of complications after eye surgery.
Inside the medicine can be prescribed:
- with infections and inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract (enteritis);
- as part of preparatory measures before operations on the gastrointestinal tract, for partial "sterilization" of the intestine.
Contraindications
Neomycin preparations do not use:
- if you are allergic to other aminoglycosides or the active component of the drug;
- if, with local application, there is damage to the surface of the skin;
- in patients with extensive lesions, trophic ulcers (for external use);
- in combination with nephro- or ototoxic drugs;
- in children under 6 years of age;
- with obstructive conditions or bowel diseases (tablets);
- in persons suffering from renal failure (ingestion).
- elderly patients;
- with the defeat of 8 pairs of cranial nerves;
- patients with myasthenia gravis, Parkinson's disease;
- with botulism;
- pregnant women;
- with dehydration;
- while breastfeeding.
Side effects
During the local use of this remedy, the following may appear: allergic reactions, skin irritation, itching, skin rashes, hyperemia, contact dermatitis.
When taken orally, the following are observed:
- nausea, hyperbilirubinemia, stomatitis, vomiting, increased activity of liver enzymes, hypersalivation;
- anemia, granulocytopenia, thrombocytopenia;
- involuntary muscle twitching, numbness of some parts of the body;
- leukopenia, rise or fall in blood pressure;
- reticulocytopenia, paresthesias, epileptic seizures;
- weight loss, hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia;
- rarely - weakness, breathing problems, drowsiness and headaches;
- complications in the ears, tinnitus, a feeling of blocked ears;
- decreased hearing acuity, dizziness;
- unsteadiness of gait, deafness (rare);
- development of secondary infections, hyponatremia;
- allergic skin reactions, fever, eosinophilia, pruritus;
- Quincke's edema, hypokalemia, hyperthermia.
Neomycin, application instruction (Way and dosage)
The dosage regimen of the drug is individual. Depends on the disease, dosage form, age and condition of the patient.
Instructions for Neomycin Sulfate for oral administration
For children aged 12 years or more and adult patients, a single dosage is 1 gram. In pediatric practice, no more than 0.25-0.5 g of the drug is used at a time. The daily dosage is determined by the attending physician on an individual basis.
The maximum duration of treatment is 10 days.
Topically, the substance is used 1 to 3 times a day. The drug is applied in a thin layer. Treatment of massive skin areas should be avoided.
Overdose
In case of an overdose, respiratory arrest occurs, a decrease in neuromuscular conduction, and an increase in other side reactions. As a treatment, adults are administered intravenous anticholinesterase drugs (for example, proserpine 2 minutes after an increase in heart rate), calcium preparations, atropine (0.5-07, mg). Atropine can be injected.
In case of an overdose in children, calcium preparations and artificial ventilation of the lungs, if necessary, are indicated. The drug can be removed through hemolytic dialysis and peritoneal dialysis.
Interaction
Neomycin enhances the effect of taking indirect anticoagulants, as it reduces the metabolic rate of vitamin K in the intestinal flora.
When this substance is combined with fluorouracil, methotrexate, vitamins A and B12, cardiac glycosides, phenoxymethylpenicillin, chenodeoxycholic acid or oral contraceptives, the effectiveness of the drugs may decrease.
The medicine should not be taken simultaneously with kanamycin, gentamycin, streptomycin and other nephro- and ototoxic antibacterial agents.
Taking medication with drugs that block neuromuscular transmission, capreomycin, aminoglycosides, inhalation anesthetics, polymyxin, citrate preservatives in artificial blood increases its toxic effect on the ears, kidneys and central nervous system.
Terms of sale
You must have a prescription with you.
special instructions
Avoid applying ointment or gel to a large or damaged area of the skin, this can lead to hearing loss and the development of other unwanted adverse reactions.
If the tympanic membrane is perforated, taking this antibiotic inside is highly discouraged.
If, during the course of therapy, the patient began to make noise in the ears, protein was found in the urine, or allergic reactions developed, then the drug should be discontinued.
Treatment with the drug should not be carried out for more than 10 days, as the risk of developing skin sensitization or cross-sensitivity to other antibiotics of this group increases.
For children
Elderly
With extreme caution, antibiotic treatment is carried out in persons over 65 years of age.
During pregnancy and lactation
During pregnancy, the drug is not prescribed, as this can cause disturbances in the development of 8 pairs of cranial nerves in the fetus.
It should also be remembered that a small amount of the active ingredient is excreted in breast milk. The question of stopping breastfeeding should be raised.
Preparations which contain (Analogues)
This substance is included in: tablets Neomycin, Neomycin sulfate.
Also, in combination with other active ingredients, Neomycin is found in the following preparations: Flucort N, Polygynax, Nefluan, Polydexa, Polygynax Virgo, Pimafukort, Baneocin (neomycin and Bacitracin), Flucinar N, Dexona, Triasept, Maxitrol, Polygynax with phenyloderanu Betnovate, Elzhina.
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