Date of birth: October 18, 1847
Place of birth: Tambov, Russia
Died: March 16, 1923
Place of death: Brooklyn, USA
Alexander Nikolaevich Lodygin- Russian inventor of the incandescent lamp.
Alexander Lodygin was born on October 18, 1847 in the village of Stenshino, Tambov province, into an old family of nobles, but at the same time not rich, having one ancestor with the Romanovs.
Like his father, Alexander became a military man, for which in 1859 he began to study in preparatory classes in the Voronezh Cadet Corps, and then in a similar corps in Tambov. In 1861, his family joined him in Tambov, and 4 years later Lodygin graduated from him with the rank of cadet.
After that, he began to be listed in the 71st infantry Belevsky regiment. In 1866-1868 he studied at the Moscow cadet infantry school.
In 1870, retired, he began to work in St. Petersburg. Here he fully began to show himself as an inventor. So, he came up with an electrolyte - a flying machine powered by electricity. After that, his attention is riveted by incandescent lamps and a diving apparatus.
He sends his proposals to the Russian Ministry of Military Affairs, but without receiving an answer, he receives an invitation to Paris to build his aircraft for the war with Prussia, but the defeat of France in this war suspended his plans. After spending some time there, he returns to Russia.
In St. Petersburg, he attends lessons in physics, chemistry and mechanics at the Technological Institute as a free listener.
From 1871 to 1874 he experimented with incandescent lamps and held the first demonstration of his invention in several places in St. Petersburg.
His first experiments were based on the use of an iron wire in the form of an incandescent filament, but it could not withstand the stress and the scientist switched to a carbon rod in a glass bottle.
In 1872 he registers a patent for his lamp, and a couple of years later he receives it. For the incandescent lamp, he was awarded the Lomonosov Prize on behalf of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. Lodygin's invention differs in the countries of Europe and the world.
After the success, Lodygin creates his own company, the Russian Association of Electric Lighting Lodygin and Co.
In the 1870s, he communicated with the populists, from 1875 to 1878 he even lived in Tuapse with their community. In 1878 he returned to the capital, worked on a diving apparatus and invented other mechanisms.
Takes part in the Vienna Electrotechnical Exhibition and becomes the owner of the Stanislav Order. In 1899 he became an honorary electrical engineer from the St. Petersburg Electrotechnical Institute.
In 1884, due to the development of revolutionism, his friends were arrested, and he himself, in order to avoid the same fate, went to France, and then to the USA. He has lived there for 23 years and continues to invent and improve his lamps. In emigration, he created electric furnaces and electric vehicles, took part in the construction of factories and the subway.
In the early 1900s, he invents filaments of refractory metals, a patent for which he sold to the General Electric Company in 1906.
In 1884 he created his own factory for the production of incandescent lamps and sent the first samples to St. Petersburg to exhibit them at the 3rd electrical exhibition. In 1894 in Paris he created the company Lodygin and de Lisle, in 1900 he participated in the World Exhibition.
In 1906 in the USA he was building a plant to produce tungsten, chromium and titanium for his filaments. He also invented an electric furnace for melting these metals by induction.
In 1895 he married, later raised 2 daughters. In 1907 he returned to Russia and became a teacher. He works at the Electrotechnical Institute and at the St. Petersburg Railway.
In 1913, he visited the provinces of Olonets and Nizhny Novgorod for their electrification, but then the First World War began and plans for electrification had to be replaced by the development of an aircraft similar to a helicopter takeoff.
In the 1910s he was involved in politics, wrote articles and brochures about nationalists. After 1917, he did not come to terms with the Bolshevik government and left Russia, moving to the United States.
He was invited to return back to develop the GOELRO plan, but due to a serious illness, he refused.
Achievements of Alexander Lodygin:
Invented the incandescent lamp and tungsten filaments
Dates from the biography of Alexander Lodygin:
October 18, 1847 - was born in Tambov
1859-1865 - training in the Voronezh and Tambov cadet corps
1870 - moving to St. Petersburg
1874 - patent for an incandescent lamp
1884-1907 - emigration
1907 - return to Russia, electrification
1917 - emigration to the USA
March 16, 1923 - death
Interesting facts of Alexander Lodygin:
His name bears a crater and streets in some cities.
The incandescent lamp was invented by several people, but it was Lodygin who made its most important discoveries.
Alexander Nikolaevich Lodygin (1847-1923) - Russian electrical engineer. Invented and created the carbon incandescent lamp (1872, patent 1874). One of the founders of electrothermy. Lomonosov Prize. (1874).
Education, first job
Alexander Lodygin was born October 18 (October 6, old style), 1847, in the village of Stenshino, Petrovsky district, Tambov province, on his father's estate. In 1867, as befits a noble family, he graduated from the Moscow military school, but soon retired. For some time he worked at the Tula arms factory as a hammer and mechanic, and then moved to St. Petersburg.
Electricity
Lodygin came to the study of electricity and its application after his first work on an aircraft heavier than air - "Lodygin's electrolyte". At the end of 1860, he developed a project for a helicopter driven by an onboard electric motor. Not receiving support in Russia, Lodygin in 1870 proposed his project to France and she accepted it. The implementation of the project was prevented by the defeat of France in the Franco-Prussian War.
The main invention of Lodygin
Work on the electrical equipment of the aircraft led Lodygin to create an electric incandescent lamp as the most suitable light source. In 1872, he applied, but only in 1874, after two years of Russian bureaucratic red tape, received the privilege of an incandescent lamp. Lodygin also patented his invention in Austria, Great Britain, France and Belgium. He filed a patent application for a carbon incandescent lamp in America, but, unable to pay the required patent fee, he could not obtain a US patent.
Lodygin lamp
In the lamp of Alexander Lodygin, a current incandescent a thin rod of retort coal, located under a glass cover. The service life of the first lamps was only 30-40 minutes. Subsequently, the inventor used several rods in the lamp, which were turned on one after the other as it burned, and then - pumping out air and heating in a vacuum. All improvements of this kind made it possible to bring the service life of the incandescent lamp to 700-1000 hours of operation without burning out.
Incandescent lamp success
In 1873, A. Lodygin repeatedly publicly demonstrated how to use the lamps he invented for practical purposes - ship and industrial lighting, street lighting, etc. The principle of an electric incandescent lamp was known before him, but Alexander Nikolaevich, having given a more perfect lamp design, turned it from a physical device into a practical lighting tool. For the invention of the lamp, the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences awarded him the Lomonosov Prize in 1874.
Implementation of the invention
The attempts made by Alexander Lodygin to commercialize the incandescent lamp invented by him ended in failure due to lack of funds. The American inventor Thomas Edison became interested in samples of Lodygin lamps brought to the United States by an officer who received cruisers built there by order of the Russian naval department. Improving various designs of electric incandescent lamps, Edison in 1879 created a lamp with a carbon filament.
Further activities
In the 1890s, Lodygin invented several types of lamps with metal filaments. He has priority in the use of tungsten for the manufacture of a filament. Lodygin's molybdenum and tungsten lamps were demonstrated at the Paris Exhibition of 1900. Lodygin also designed electric heating devices, respirators with an electric oxygen source for breathing, electric furnaces for melting metals and ores, as well as for heat treatment. Lodygin was one of the founders of the electrical engineering department of the Russian Technical Society and the magazine "Electricity".
Lodygin's move abroad
Lacking the material resources and not finding opportunities to continue work in Russia, A. N. Lodygin in 1884 decided to finally go abroad. After working for several years in Paris, he moved to the United States in 1888. His interests increasingly focused on the use of electricity in metallurgy. Lodygin's financial position was strengthened, he began to enjoy great prestige as a specialist. Nevertheless, at the end of the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905, he returned to Russia to apply his vast engineering knowledge at home. Here he encountered the old conservatism and the old technical backwardness. For him there was only a job as a substation manager for a city tram in St. Petersburg. In addition to issues of tram operation, during this period he was also interested in the problems of electrification of handicraft industries. Feeling superfluous, Lodygin returned to the United States in 1916, where he was exclusively engaged in the design of electric furnaces.
Today we will tell you who actually invented the incandescent lamp, Thomas Edison or Alexander Lodygin.
Thomas Alva Edison
American inventor and entrepreneur who received 1,093 patents in the United States and about 3 thousand in other countries of the world; phonograph creator; improved the telegraph, telephone, cinema equipment, developed one of the first commercially successful versions of the electric incandescent lamp. It was he who suggested using the word "hello" at the beginning of a telephone conversation. In 1928 he was awarded the highest award of the USA - the Gold Medal of the Congress. In 1930 he became a foreign honorary member of the USSR Academy of Sciences.
A leksandr Nikolaevich Lodygin
Russian electrical engineer, one of the inventors of the incandescent lamp.
Born in the village of Stenshino, Lipetsk district, Tambov province. Descended from a very old and distinguished noble family.
His parents were not wealthy nobles. According to family tradition, Alexander was supposed to become a military man, and therefore in 1859 he entered the non-ranked company ("preparatory classes") of the Voronezh Cadet Corps, which was located in Tambov, then was transferred to Voronezh with the characteristic: "kind, sympathetic, diligent."
In 1870, Lodygin retired and moved to St. Petersburg. Here he is looking for means to create a flying machine with an electric engine (an electric jet) that he has conceived, and at the same time begins the first experiments with incandescent lamps.
He also worked on a project for a diving apparatus. Without waiting for a decision from the Russian War Ministry, Lodygin writes to Paris and offers the republican government to use the aircraft in the war with Prussia. After receiving a positive answer, the inventor travels to France. But the defeat of France in the war stopped Lodygin's plans.
Incandescent lamp
The notorious "Thomas Edison bulb" was actually invented by the Russian engineer Alexander Nikolaevich Lodygin.
Returning from Paris to St. Petersburg, he attended classes in physics, chemistry, mechanics at the Technological Institute. In 1871-1874, he conducted experiments and demonstrations of electric lighting with incandescent lamps in the Admiralty, Galley Harbor, on Odessa Street, at the Technological Institute.
In 1872, Lodygin replaced the plant fibers in incandescent lamps with a carbon rod, and in the 90s he proposed making a tungsten filament. Three years later, the first public demonstrations of practical incandescent electric lamps took place. But these lamps burned for only 40 minutes. Vasily Fedorovich Didrikhson, one of Lodygin's employees, suggested pumping air out of the lamps, as a result of which the lamp life increased to almost 1000 hours of operation.
In 1872, Lodygin applied for the invention of an incandescent lamp, and in 1874 he received a patent for his invention (privilege No. 1619 of July 11, 1874) and the Lomonosov Prize from the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. Lodygin patented his invention in many countries: Austria-Hungary, Spain, Portugal, Italy, Belgium, France, Great Britain, Sweden, Saxony and even India and Australia.
In 1873, in St. Petersburg on Peski (the area of modern Soviet streets), Lodygin made the first experience of street lighting using an electric incandescent lamp. But Lodygin's affairs did not receive financial support from the state.
The company “Russian Association of Electric Lighting Lodygin and K”, created by him together with his friend and assistant Didrikhson, soon went bankrupt. In the 1870s, Lodygin became close to the populists. In 1875-1878 he spent in the Tuapse colony-community of populists.
Although Thomas Edison began his experiments with an electric incandescent lamp only in 1878. he had the worldwide support of American financiers, in particular John Pierpont Morgan. Together with him, he created the Edison Electric Lighting Society with a capital of 300 thousand dollars. Edison improved on Lodygin's invention by creating a modern lamp shape, a screw base with a socket, a plug, a socket, and a fuse. And today, when the word is about Edison, looking back, you understand that everything turned out this way because Lodygin did not receive funding from the state. But the fact is that the incandescent lamp was not created by Thomas Edison, but by the Russian engineer Alexander Nikolaevich Lodygin himself.
Source - Wikipedia, magazine Riddles of history, author of the text - Anna Semenenko.
Thomas Edison, incandescent lamp and Alexander Nikolaevich Lodygin updated: October 25, 2017 by the author: site
In the 1920s, electric incandescent lamps lit up in the huts of Russian peasants. In the Soviet press they were nicknamed "Ilyich's lamps". There was some slyness in this. Bulbs in the USSR were initially used mainly by German ones - from Siemens. The international patent belonged to the American company of Thomas Edison. But the true inventor of the incandescent lamp is Alexander Nikolaevich Lodygin, a Russian engineer of great talent and dramatic destiny. His name, little known even in his homeland, deserves a special record on the historical tablets of the Fatherland.
Moderately bright and warm light of a light bulb with an incandescent tungsten spring, many of us in infancy see even earlier than the light of the sun. Of course, this was not always the case. The electric lamp has many fathers, starting with Academician Vasily Petrov, who lit an electric arc in his laboratory in St. Petersburg in 1802. Since then, many have tried to tame the glow of various materials through which an electric current is passed. Among the "tamers" of electric light are the now half-forgotten Russian inventors A.I. Shpakovsky and V.N. Chikolev, German Goebel, Englishman Swan. The name of our compatriot Pavel Yablochkov, who created the first serial "electric candle" on coal rods, conquered European capitals in the blink of an eye and was nicknamed "the Russian Sun" in the local press, rose as a bright star in the scientific horizon. Alas, having flashed dazzlingly in the mid-1870s, Yablochkov's candles went out just as quickly. They had a significant flaw: the burnt coals had to be replaced with new ones soon. In addition, they gave such a "hot" light that it was impossible to breathe in the small room. So it was possible to illuminate only streets and spacious rooms.
The man who first guessed to pump air out of a glass lamp bulb and then replace coal with refractory tungsten was a Tambov nobleman, a former officer, populist and engineer with the soul of a dreamer Alexander Nikolaevich Lodygin.
The American inventor and entrepreneur Thomas Alva Edison, ironically born in the same year (1847) with Lodygin and Yablochkov, bypassed the Russian creator, being the “father of electric light” for the entire Western world.
In fairness, I must say that Edison came up with a modern lamp shape, a screw base with a socket, plug, socket, fuses. And in general he did a lot for the mass use of electric lighting. But the bird-idea and the first "chicks" were born in the head and the St. Petersburg laboratory of Alexander Lodygin. The paradox: the electric lamp became a by-product of the realization of his main youthful dream - to create an electric plane, "a flying machine heavier than air on electric traction, capable of lifting up to 2 thousand pounds of cargo", and in particular bombs for military purposes. "Letak", as he called it, was equipped with two propellers, one of which pulled the apparatus in a horizontal plane, the other lifted it up. The prototype of the helicopter, invented half a century before the invention of another Russian genius Igor Sikorsky, long before the first flights of the Wright brothers.
Oh, he was a man of enchanting and very instructive fate for us - Russian descendants! The impoverished nobles of the Tambov province, the Lodygins, descended from the Moscow boyar of the time of Ivan Kalita, Andrei Kobyla, a common ancestor with the royal house of the Romanovs. As a ten-year-old boy in the hereditary village of Stenshino, Sasha Lodygin built wings, attached them behind his back and, like Icarus, jumped from the roof of the bathhouse. It was bruised. According to the ancestral tradition, he went to the military, studying in the Tambov and Voronezh cadet corps, served as a cadet in the 71st Belevsky regiment and graduated from the Moscow cadet infantry school. But he was already irresistibly drawn by physics and technology. To the bewilderment of his colleagues and the horror of his parents, Lodygin retired and got a job at the Tula Arms Factory as a simple hammer, since he was distinguished by a fair amount of physical strength. To do this, he even had to hide his noble origins. So he began to master the technique "from below", at the same time earning money for the construction of his "summer". Then St. Petersburg - work as a locksmith at the metallurgical plant of the Prince of Oldenburg, and in the evenings - lectures at the University and the Technological Institute, locksmith lessons in a group of young "populists", among whom his first love is Princess Drutskaya-Sokolnitskaya.
The electric plane is thought out to the smallest detail: heating, navigation, a lot of other devices, which have become, as it were, an outline of engineering creativity for a lifetime. Among them was a seemingly minor detail - an electric bulb to illuminate the cockpit.
But while this is a trifle for him, he makes an appointment with the military department and shows the generals the drawings of the electric plane. The inventor was condescendingly listened to and put the project in a secret archive. Friends advise frustrated Alexander to offer his "summer" to France, which is fighting with Prussia. And so, having collected 98 rubles for the road, Lodygin went to Paris. In an army jacket, greasy boots and a red cotton shirt worn out. At the same time, under the arm of the Russian fellow - a roll of drawings and calculations. At a stop in Geneva, the crowd, excited by the strange appearance of the visitor, considered him a Prussian spy and had already dragged him to hang on a gas lamp. The only thing that saved was the intervention of the police.
Surprisingly, an unknown Russian receives not only an audience with the over-employed Minister of War of France Gambetta, but also permission to build his apparatus at the Creusot factories. With 50,000 francs to boot. However, soon the Prussians entered Paris, and the unique Russian had to return to his homeland, unsparingly.
Continuing to work and study, Lodygin in St. Petersburg has already purposefully taken up electric light. By the end of 1872, the inventor, after hundreds of experiments, with the help of the Didrichson brothers, mechanics, had found a way to create rarefied air in a flask, where coal rods could burn for hours.
In 1872, Lodygin applied for the invention of an incandescent lamp, and in 1874 he received a patent for his invention (privilege No. 1619 of July 11, 1874) and the Lomonosov Prize from the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. Lodygin patented his invention in many countries: Austria-Hungary, Spain, Portugal, Italy, Belgium, France, Great Britain, Sweden, Saxony and even India and Australia. He founded together withVasily Didrikhson company "Russian Association of Electric Lighting Lodygin and Co.". In parallel, Lodygin managed to solve the old problem of "fragmentation of light" inclusion of a large number of light sources in the circuit of one electric current generator.
But the talent of an inventor and an entrepreneur are two different things. And the latter, unlike his overseas counterpart, Lodygin clearly did not possess. The businessmen, who had come running to the Lodyginsky world in his "shareholder", instead of energetic improvement and promotion of the invention (which the inventor had hoped for), embarked on unrestrained stock market speculations, counting on future superprofits. The natural ending was the bankruptcy of the society.
On an autumn evening in 1873, onlookers flocked to Odessa Street, at the corner of which Lodygin's laboratory was located. For the first time in the world, the kerosene lamps were replaced by incandescent lamps on two street lamps, emitting a bright white light. Those who came were convinced that it was much more convenient to read newspapers this way. The action made a splash in the capital. Fashion store owners lined up for new lamps. Electric lighting was successfully used in the repair of caissons at the Admiralty Docks. The patriarch of electrical engineering, the famous Boris Yakobi, gave him a positive review. As a result, Alexander Lodygin, with a two-year delay, receives the Privilege of the Russian Empire (patent) for "Method and Apparatus for Cheap Electric Lighting", and even earlier - patents in dozens of countries around the world. At the Academy of Sciences he is awarded the prestigious Lomonosov Prize.
In 1875-1878 he spent in the Tuapse colony-community of populists. For three years, the famous inventor disappears from the capital, and no one, except close friends, knows where he is. And he, together with a group of like-minded "populists" on the Crimean coast, creates a colony-community. On the ransomed section of the coast near Tuapse, neat shacks have grown, which Alexander Nikolayevich did not fail to illuminate with his lamps. Together with his comrades, he sets up gardens, walks on feluccas to fish in the sea. He's really happy. However, the local authorities, frightened by the free settlement of St. Petersburg guests, find a way to ban the colony.
Since 1878, Lodygin again in St. Petersburg, worked at various factories, was engaged in the improvement of a diving apparatus, worked on other inventions.
At this time, after a wave of revolutionary terror, in both capitals, arrests of "populists" are taking place, among whom Lodygin's close acquaintances are increasingly coming across ... He is strongly advised to go abroad for a while out of sin. The "temporary" departure lasted for 23 years
In 1884 he organized the production of incandescent lamps in Paris - the lamp company "Lodygin and de Lisle" and sent a batch of lamps to St. Petersburg for the 3rd electrical exhibition.
In 1884, Lodygin was awarded the Order of Stanislav 3rd degree for the lamps that won the Grand Prix at an exhibition in Vienna. And at the same time, the government begins negotiations with foreign firms on a long-term project for gas lighting in Russian cities. How familiar is that, isn't it? Lodygin is discouraged and offended.
The foreign odyssey of Alexander Lodygin is a page worthy of a separate story. We will only mention briefly that the inventor changed his residence several times in Paris and in different cities of the United States, worked in the company of Edison's main competitor - George Westinghouse - with the legendary Serb Nikola Tesla. In Paris, Lodygin built the world's first electric car, in the United States he led the construction of the first American subways, factories for the production of ferrochrome and ferro-tungsten. In general, the United States and the world owe him the birth of a new industry - industrial electrothermal treatment. Along the way, he invented many practical "little things", such as an electric furnace, an apparatus for welding and cutting metals. In Paris, Alexander Nikolaevich married a German journalist Alma Schmidt, who later gave birth to two daughters.
Lodygin did not stop improving his lamp, not wanting to concede the palm to Edison. Bombarding the US Patent Office with new applications, he considered the lamp work complete only after he patented a tungsten filament and created a series of electric furnaces for refractory metals.
However, in the field of patent trickery and business intrigue, the Russian engineer could not compete with Edison. The American patiently waited until the Lodygin patents expired, and in 1890 he received his own patent for an incandescent lamp with a bamboo electrode, immediately opening its industrial production.
In the story "about an incandescent lamp" there is a place for both a detective story and reflections on the Russian mentality. After all, Edison began to deal with the light bulb after midshipman A.N. Khotinsky, sent to the United States to receive cruisers built by order of the Russian Empire, visited Edison's laboratory, handing over to the latterincandescent lamp Lodygin.(In 1877, naval officer A. N. Khotinsky received cruisers in America, which were being built by order of the Russian Empire. When he visited T. Edison's laboratory, he handed over Lodygin's incandescent lamp and "Yablochkov's candle"
with a light crushing scheme. ... According to unverified data, it seems like 10,000 evergreens.
Lodygin lamps and Yablochkov's candle were installed on one of the cruisers in the test orders. Lodygin's lamp was patented by Edison, but he used charcoal from burnt bamboo as a filament.
Yablochkov spoke out in print against the Americans, claiming that Thomas Edison had stolen from the Russians not only their thoughts and ideas, but also their inventions. ProfessorV. N. Chikolevwrote then that Edison's method is not new and its updates are insignificant. The point is that Lodygin patented an incandescent lamp with a tungsten filament, but sold the patent in 1906 to General Electric, which actually belonged to Edison. In principle, Edison is of the same kind of a hustler as Jobs and Gates - talented administrators and businessmen who didn’t invent a damn thing.)
Having spent hundreds of thousands of dollars, the American genius could not achieve Lodygin's success for a long time, and then for just as long he could not get around his international patents, which the Russian inventor could not support for years. Well, he didn’t know how to accumulate and increase his earnings! Thomas Alvovich was as consistent as a skating rink. The last obstacle to the world monopoly on electric light was the Lodyginsky patent for a lamp with a tungsten filament. I helped Edison in this ... Lodygin himself. Longing for his homeland and not having the means to return, the Russian engineer in 1906, through Edison's dummies, sold the patent for his General Electric lamp for a pittance, which by that time was already under the control of the American "king of inventors". He did everything so that electric lighting began to be considered "Edison's" all over the world, and the name of Lodygin sank into the back streets of special reference books, like some kind of amusing artifact. These efforts have since been carefully supported by the American government and all "civilized humanity."
In Russia, Alexander Nikolaevich Lodygin was expected to receive moderate recognition of his merits, lectures at the Electrotechnical Institute, a post in the Construction Department of the St. Petersburg Railway, business trips on plans for the electrification of individual provinces. Immediately after the outbreak of the World War, he submitted an application to the Ministry of War for a "cyclogyr" - an electric vertical take-off aircraft, but was refused.
Already in April 1917, Lodygin proposed to the Provisional Government to finish building his almost ready-made electric plane and was ready to fly to the front on it himself. But he was again dismissed as from an annoying fly. A seriously ill wife left with her daughters to their parents in the United States. And then the elderly inventor chopped the hull of his "letak" with an ax, burned the blueprints and, with a heavy heart, on August 16, 1917, followed his family to the United States.
Alexander Nikolaevich rejected the belated invitation from Gleb Krzhizhanovsky to return to his homeland to participate in the development of GOELRO for a simple reason: he no longer got out of bed. In March 1923, when electrification in the USSR was in full swing, Alexander Lodygin was elected an honorary member of the Society of Russian Electrical Engineers. But he did not find out about it - a welcome letter arrived in New York only at the end of March, and on March 16, the addressee died in his Brooklyn apartment. Like everyone else around it, it was brightly lit by "Edison bulbs."
Biography Alexander Nikolaevich Lodygin was born in the village of Stenshino, Tambov province, He came from a very noble noble family. His family, like the Romanov family, was descended from Andrei Kobyla. Alexander Nikolaevich Lodygin was born in the village of Stenshino, Tambov province, He came from a very noble noble family. His family, like the Romanov family, was descended from Andrei Kobyla. In 1859, Lodygin entered the Tambov cadet corps.He studied to be a military engineer at the Moscow cadet school, from which he graduated in 1867. In 1870 he moved to St. Petersburg. In 1859, Lodygin entered the Tambov cadet corps.He studied to be a military engineer at the Moscow cadet school, from which he graduated in 1867. In 1870 he moved to St. Petersburg.
After retiring, he began to develop an incandescent lamp circuit. After retiring, he began to develop an incandescent lamp circuit. As a volunteer, he attended classes in physics, chemistry, mechanics at the Technological Institute. As a volunteer, he attended classes in physics, chemistry, mechanics at the Technological Institute. In years. conducted experiments and demonstrations of electric lighting with incandescent lamps in the Admiralty, Galley Harbor, on Odessa Street, at the Technological Institute. In 1872 he applied for and received a patent. In years. conducted experiments and demonstrations of electric lighting with incandescent lamps in the Admiralty, Galley Harbor, on Odessa Street, at the Technological Institute. In 1872 he applied for and received a patent. Initially, Lodygin tried to use an iron wire as a filament. Having failed, he moved on to experiments with a carbon rod placed in a glass cylinder.Initially, Lodygin tried to use an iron wire as a filament. Having failed, he proceeded to experiments with a carbon rod placed in a glass cylinder.
In 1872, Lodygin applied for the invention of an incandescent lamp, and in 1874 received a patent for his invention and the Lomonosov Prize from the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. Lodygin patents his invention in many countries: Austria-Hungary, Spain, Portugal, Italy, Belgium, France, Great Britain, Sweden, Saxony and even India and Australia. Later he founded the company “Russian Association of Electric Lighting Lodygin and Co.”. In 1872, Lodygin applied for the invention of an incandescent lamp, and in 1874 received a patent for his invention and the Lomonosov Prize from the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. Lodygin patents his invention in many countries: Austria-Hungary, Spain, Portugal, Italy, Belgium, France, Great Britain, Sweden, Saxony and even India and Australia. Later he founded the company "Russian Association of Electric Lighting Lodygin and Co." Since 1878, Lodygin was again in St. Petersburg, working at various factories, improving his diving apparatus, working on other inventions. Since 1878, Lodygin was again in St. Petersburg, working at various factories, improving his diving apparatus, working on other inventions.
For participation in the Vienna Electrotechnical Exhibition, Lodygin was awarded the Order of Stanislav III degree, a rare case among Russian inventors. For participation in the Vienna Electrotechnical Exhibition, Lodygin was awarded the Order of Stanislav III degree, a rare case among Russian inventors. Honorary Electrical Engineer ETI since 1899. But in 1884, mass arrests of revolutionaries began. He decides to go abroad. Parting with Russia lasted 23 years. Lodygin works in France and the USA, creates new incandescent lamps, invents electric furnaces, electric cars, builds factories and a subway. Of particular note is the patents he obtained during this period for lamps with filaments of refractory metals, sold in 1906 to the General Electric Company. Honorary Electrical Engineer ETI since 1899. But in 1884, mass arrests of revolutionaries began. He decides to go abroad. Parting with Russia lasted 23 years. Lodygin works in France and the USA, creates new incandescent lamps, invents electric furnaces, electric cars, builds factories and a subway. Particularly noteworthy is the patents he obtained during this period for lamps with filaments of refractory metals, sold in 1906 to the General Electric Company.
In 1884, he organized the production of incandescent lamps in Paris and sent a batch of lamps to St. Petersburg for the 3rd electrical exhibition. In 1884 he organized the production of incandescent lamps in Paris and sent a batch of lamps to St. Petersburg for the 3rd electrical exhibition. In 1893 he turned to a filament made of refractory metals, which he used in Paris for powerful lamps of 100 ... 400 candles. In 1893 he turned to a filament made of refractory metals, which he used in Paris for powerful lamps of 100 ... 400 candles. In 1894 in Paris he organized a lamp company "Lodygin and de Lisle". In 1900 she took part in the World Exhibition in Paris. In 1906 in the USA he launched a plant for the electrochemical production of tungsten, In 1894 in Paris he organized a lamp company "Lodygin and de Lisle". In 1900 she took part in the World Exhibition in Paris. In 1906, he launched a plant for the electrochemical production of tungsten, chromium and titanium in the USA. chrome and titanium. Another important invention is the development of electric resistance and induction furnaces for melting metals, selenite, glass, hardening and annealing of steel products, obtaining phosphorus and silicon. Another important invention is the development of electric resistance and induction furnaces for melting metals, selenite, glass, hardening and annealing of steel products, obtaining phosphorus and silicon.
In 1895, Lodygin married journalist Alma Schmidt, the daughter of a German engineer. In 1895, Lodygin married the journalist Alma Schmidt, the daughter of a German engineer. They had two daughters, Margarita and Vera. They had two daughters, Margarita and Vera. The Lodygin family moved to Russia in 1907. Alexander Nikolaevich brings a whole series of inventions in drawings and sketches. The Lodygin family moved to Russia in 1907. Alexander Nikolaevich brings a whole series of inventions in drawings and sketches. Lodygin teaches at the Electrotechnical Institute, works in the construction department of the St. Petersburg railway.
The First World War changes all plans, Lodygin begins to engage in vertical takeoff aircraft. After the February Revolution of 1917, the inventor did not get along with the new government. Material difficulties force the Lodygin family to leave for the United States. The First World War changes all plans, Lodygin begins to engage in vertical takeoff aircraft. After the February Revolution of 1917, the inventor did not get along with the new government. Material difficulties force the Lodygin family to leave for the United States. In March 1923 Lodygin died in Brooklyn In March 1923 Lodygin died in Brooklyn
Inventions 1. Incandescent lamp. 1. Incandescent lamp. 2. In 1871, Lodygin created a project for an autonomous diving suit using a gas mixture consisting of oxygen and hydrogen. Oxygen was to be produced from water by electrolysis 2. In 1871, Lodygin created a project for an autonomous diving spacesuit using a gas mixture consisting of oxygen and hydrogen. Oxygen was to be produced from water by electrolysis
3. A. N. Lodygin showed the advantages of using metal, in particular tungsten, wire for the manufacture of a filament body and, thus, laid the foundation for the production of modern, much more economical incandescent lamps than carbon lamps of the early period. 3. A. N. Lodygin showed the advantages of using metal, in particular tungsten, wire for the manufacture of a filament body and, thus, laid the foundation for the production of modern, much more economical incandescent lamps than carbon lamps of the early period. 4. A. N. Lodygin paved the way for the success of P. N. Yablochkov and undoubtedly had a strong influence on T. A. Edison and D. Swann, who, using the principle of the incandescent lamp, approved by the works of A. N. turned this device into a commodity. 4. A. N. Lodygin paved the way for the success of P. N. Yablochkov and undoubtedly had a strong influence on T. A. Edison and D. Swann, who, using the principle of the incandescent lamp, approved by the works of A. N. turned this device into a commodity.
The history of the light bulb is a chain of discoveries made by different people at different times. But Lodygin's merits in this area are especially great. He was the first to propose the use of tungsten filaments in lamps (in modern electric bulbs, the filaments are made of tungsten) and twist the filament in the form of a spiral. He was also the first to pump air out of the lamps, which increased their service life many times over. The history of the light bulb is a chain of discoveries made by different people at different times. But Lodygin's merits in this area are especially great. He was the first to propose the use of tungsten filaments in lamps (in modern electric bulbs, the filaments are made of tungsten) and twist the filament in the form of a spiral. He was also the first to pump out air from the lamps, which increased their service life many times. Another invention of Lodygin, aimed at increasing the life of the lamps, was filling them with an inert gas. Another invention of Lodygin, aimed at increasing the life of the lamps, was filling them with an inert gas. The light bulb doesn't have a single inventor.
Conclusion The goal set at the beginning of the work has been achieved. Having studied the life of a remarkable scientist, inventor and just an inquisitive and versatile person, such as A.N. Lodygin, we realized that the Tambov region gave the world a great man, whom we are truly proud of. The goal set at the beginning of the work has been achieved. Having studied the life of a remarkable scientist, inventor and just an inquisitive and versatile person like A.N. Lodygin, we realized that the Tambov region gave the world a great man, whom we are truly proud of. And we are also proud that our homeland, the Tambos land, is so fertile in every sense of the word. And we are also proud that our homeland, the Tambos land, is so fertile in every sense of the word.
Literature and resources: Literature and resources: 1. Cyril and Methodius encyclopedia 2. Great Soviet encyclopedia. М: 1981. 3. Ershov AP School computerization and mathematical education, Mathematics at school Tambov region. Html reference guide
Loading ...