When making a diagnosis, many doctors refer to the ICB 10 classification. In it, each insect has its own code. Ticks, which are arachnid insects up to 3 mm long, are no exception. These are quite common representatives of the flora that are found in different parts of our planet. Experts identify several types of ticks.
There are also predators among them. But among them there are also such representatives who feed exclusively on organic residues. A separate group is formed by insects, which are blood-sucking.
Ticks can feed on both animal and human blood. But they do not only cause problems with bites. When bed mite settles on a person, it can bring an infection of fever, hemorrhagic type, encephalitis and borreliosis into the body. As statistics confirm, only a small number of people bitten by ticks, after a while, find a serious disease or virus.
Despite this, everyone should see a doctor as soon as possible and undergo laboratory tests to be sure of their own safety. Indeed, for many of us it is very difficult to determine, even knowing the type of bed mite, whether it is a carrier of the infection.
Each industry has certain unified systems and standards. In medicine, such a standard is the classification of the ICD 10. It stands for International classification of diseases, which is the main regulatory document. This is a single document used by doctors in all countries. Every 10 years, experts revise the main provisions of the ICD 10 classification. This is a fairly extensive edition, which consists of 3 volumes with instructions.
The ICD classification was developed in order to formulate the conditions for effective collection, data processing and analysis on diseases and mortality in different parts of the world. The introduction of this classification led to the fact that the diagnosis of all diseases is presented in the form of a code value consisting of numbers and letters. This makes it much easier to store, retrieve and analyze information.
This section contains codes with other diagnoses. Code B 88.0 corresponds to another acarias. Code B 88.1 indicates tungiasis - a disease associated with disruption of the body due to the activity of a sand flea. Code B 88.2 characterizes all other arthropod infestations. To designate external hirudinosis, code B 88.3 is used. For infections that do not have a specified form, the designation B 88.9 is used.
If a person was diagnosed with encephalitis spring-summer tick-borne type, then it is designated by the code A 84.0. In the absence of clarifications on tick-borne encephalitis, indicate the number A 84. 9. In a situation where everything indicates Lyme disease or borelliasis, use the code designation A69.20.
Insect bites: symptoms of infection
A person does not feel a tick bite. This is explained by the fact that during a bite a tick enters the human body special substance, which has the property of an anesthetic. Therefore, the bite does not cause any painful sensations. During the piercing of the skin, the tick moves with its proboscis along the tissue in an attempt to find a blood vessel and bites through it. Further, a special device is located on the proboscis, therefore, with all the desire, a person cannot pull out the proboscis from the skin, since the tick is fixed tightly. Remaining in this position, the insect can drink liquid from a blood vessel for several hours.
Most often, after a bite, a person begins to feel discomfort after three hours. This manifests itself in a feeling of weakness, the appearance of a sleepy state.
If we talk about strongly pronounced body responses bitten person, then most often they manifest themselves in the form of nausea and headache. There are people in whom they can supplement with bouts of vomiting. Some people find it difficult to breathe, wheezing is felt during exhalation. Nervous manifestations are not uncommon. In some cases, hallucinations may be present.
In principle, it is not so difficult to find a bitten person on a tick's body. Most often, it looks like a bulging mole, and its legs resemble hair growing out of it. When an insect sticks to a blood vessel, it can remain on the victim's body for many hours.
Possible consequences of infection
After you find a tick on your body, you need to remove it. If you could do it carefully and the insect remained alive, then it should be kept at ambient temperature. If, through negligence, you crushed it, then immediately place it in a special container with ice. In the future, you have to take it to the laboratory or hospital. The necessary studies will be carried out with him and, based on their results, the presence of pathogens will be determined.
How to remove a tick
Your main task is to remove the entire tick, being careful not to leave the head and proboscis in the skin. Therefore, the operation for tick extraction from the body must be carried out very carefully. It is best to go to the hospital and have the work done by specialists who have the appropriate tools for this case. But at home, you can try to remove the tick from the body.
- You will need a wide ring, which you need to cover the insect and fill everything with sunflower oil.
- When exposed to vegetable fat, the insect suffocates and dies.
- After that, it will not be difficult for you to pull it out of the wound.
You can also use threads that need to be performed in a circular motion, so you can draw out the proboscis pretty soon.
First aid
First aid for a bite is no less important. It often causes allergic reactions in many people. After being bitten swelling, redness, muscle pain, difficulty breathing may appear on the skin. Based on these signs, it is easy to guess about the appearance of Quincke's edema, which poses a serious threat to human health. In such situations, experts recommend taking a drug with antihistamine properties:
- Suprastin;
- Claritin;
- Telfast.
Immediately open the windows in the room for ventilation or remove the bitten person to fresh air. Then give him Prednisolone or Dexamethasone to drink. Subsequently, the diagnosis and treatment of the patient must be carried out in a hospital hospital.
Tick-borne encephalitis symptoms
The causative agent of the disease is a viral infection. Tick-borne encephalitis manifests itself characteristic features, which most often start with poisoning. A common reaction is an increase in body temperature, in severe cases, a malfunction of the central nervous system is possible. These signs are characteristic not only of encephalitis, but also of meningitis. Over time, the disease can cause the appearance of permanent changes of the neurological type. In severe cases, this can lead to death or disability.
Fast and effective treatment of tick-borne encephalitis and elimination of allergic reactions is possible only in hospital, and the patient will have to stay in the hospital for at least 7 days after the symptoms of fever disappear. As part of therapy, Prednisolone, Ribonuclease and blood substitutes are prescribed. With pronounced signs of progressive meningitis with characteristic reactions of the body, an increased dose of vitamins C and B may be required.
When breathing disorders intensive ventilation of the lungs is prescribed. During rehabilitation, anabolic steroids, medications of the nootropic group, tranquilizers and others are prescribed. Sometimes antibiotics may be included in the treatment program. The doctor makes the final decision taking into account the type of pathogen.
If you chose this path, then you need to do everything as carefully as possible to remove not only the bed mite, but also its proboscis. The sooner you do this, the lower the risk of contracting a dangerous disease. After extraction, it is imperative that the insect be taken to the hospital for examination, so that experts, based on the results, can determine the presence of pathogens in it.
Anaphylaxis) When stung by a large number of insects, toxic reactions occur simultaneously, since the poison contains a significant number of biologically active additives that can cause the development of vascular collapse and shock, up to death. There are unusual manifestations of insect stings. Within 7–12 days after the sting, the patient may experience reactions resembling serum sickness (urticaria, joint pain, malaise, fever).
Insect Bites: Signs, Symptoms
Clinical manifestations
Scorpion bites Acute excruciating pain in the area of poison inoculation. The severity of hyperemia and edema in the affected area varies. With a weak local reaction, general intoxication is more pronounced than with a significant local inflammatory reaction.Sometimes superficial blisters with serous contents appear in the stinging zone along with edema.Symptoms of general intoxication are not always noted (more often in preschool children): malaise, headache, dizziness, chills , pain in the region of the heart, shortness of breath, palpitations, anxiety, alternating with drowsiness and adynamia, tremors, minor convulsive twitching of the limbs, profuse sweating, saliva and lacrimation, profuse mucus from the nose, a short-term increase in body temperature up to 38 ° C. Signs of intoxication persist no more than 24–36 hours, most pronounced in the first 2–3 hours after the bite. Difficulty breathing often occurs with bronchospasm, cyanosis; in the early stages, severe tachycardia and an increase in blood pressure are observed, alternating with bradycardia and arterial hypotension.
Karakurt bites Development of pronounced muscle weakness, gait disturbances, ataxia, muscle tremor within 5–20 minutes Agonizing pain in the limbs, lower back and abdomen Severe painful tension of the abdominal muscles Facial and scleral hyperemia, eyelid swelling, chills, sweating, fever up to 38–39 ° С and BP up to 160/100–220/120 mm Hg. Often there is a delay in stool and urination (spasm of the sphincters). The appearance of meningeal symptoms, pathological reflexes is possible. Patients are often agitated, screaming with pain, rushing about in bed. In the most severe cases, excitement is replaced by a soporous or comatose state.
Wasp and bee stings: a sharp local pain reaction with hyperemia and edema in the affected area. Severe intoxication (convulsions, collapse, vomiting, coma) is observed with multiple bites. Severe local and general reactions to single or few stings are caused by an allergy to bee or wasp venom.
An allergic reaction to wasp and bee stings is a pronounced local edematous reaction with anaphylactic shock, Quincke's edema, urticaria or bronchospastic syndrome.
Insect Bites: Treatment Methods
Treatment
In case of a scorpion bite Heat and fatty ointment dressings on the bite site Chipping of the bite site with 1% solution of procaine Atropine (0.5-1 ml 0.1% solution for s / c) a - Adrenoblockers, for example, dihydroergotamine s / c Specific antidotes Serums are essential for tropical scorpion bites.
With a bite of karakurt Repeated administration of 25% solution of magnesium sulfate i.v. and 10% solution of calcium chloride i.v. Warming the limbs and body with heating pads, drinking plenty of fluids With stool retention and intestinal paresis - enemas With urinary retention - catheterization of the bladder B in the most severe cases, a specific anti-karakurtovaya serum is administered.
With wasps and bee stings With a usual reaction to a sting: removal of the sting, cold lotions on the bite sites (for 10 minutes, alternating with 10 minute breaks) With local or general signs of a hyperergic reaction to a bite - immediate intensive antiallergic therapy: epinephrine n / a , norepinephrine or phenylephrine IV drip, hydrocortisone or prednisolone IV, antihistamines; strophanthin K. In connection with the danger of a lightning-fast reaction, the victim needs constant medical supervision in the first hours after the defeat.
Specific therapy, such as specific immunotherapy.
Immunotherapy with poison is indicated for anaphylactic shock, moderate anaphylactoid reaction, mild reaction in the form of skin manifestations, serum sickness. Immunotherapy is not indicated in case of a normal reaction (transient pain, edema), toxic reaction and severe local edema.
Forecast
Prophylaxis
Persons prone to allergic reactions: It is imperative to wear footwear in nature It is not recommended to wear clothes of bright and dark colors. Gloves should be worn in the garden. Special care should be taken when preparing and eating food outdoors.
People who are allergic to insect poisons should have a first aid kit with them. Family members and loved ones should be able to use it.
After providing first aid, you should immediately consult a doctor.
ICD-10 W57 Bite or sting by non-venomous insects and other non-venomous arthropods
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Diseases and treatment with folk and medicines
Description of diseases, application and healing properties of herbs, plants, alternative medicine, nutrition
Exposure to living mechanical forces (W50-W64)
[Cm. the above subheadings of the scene codes (V01-Y98)]
Excludes: fall due to collision of a pedestrian (vehicle) with another pedestrian (vehicle) (W03.-)
Excludes: contact with marine animal (W56.-)
A bite or blow from a marine animal
In Russia, the International Classification of Diseases of the 10th revision (ICD-10) has been adopted as a single normative document to take into account the incidence, reasons for the population's appeals to medical institutions of all departments, and causes of death.
ICD-10 was introduced into health care practice throughout the Russian Federation in 1999 by order of the Ministry of Health of Russia dated 05/27/97. No. 170
A new revision (ICD-11) is planned by WHO in 2017 2018.
As amended and supplemented by WHO
Processing and translation of changes © mkb-10.com
Allergy to stings of wasps, bees, bumblebees and hornets - a possible danger
Today we will talk about a common summer problem - allergies to wasp or bee stings and other stinging insects (bumblebees, hornets). You will learn how to avoid contact with insects and what to do if a sting does occur.
Insect allergy is a very unpleasant disease, an attack of which can develop at the most inopportune moment, for example, when a person is in a forest, park, country house, or apiary, where it is difficult to provide adequate medical care. However, at home it is not always possible to avoid being bitten by a gadfly, bee or wasp.
Allergy to a sting of a bee and other hymenoptera, according to ICD-10, has an additional code W56 “Bite or sting by non-poisonous insects and other non-poisonous arthropods”.
Is allergy to bee stings (and other stinging insects) inherited?
Allergies are not hereditary diseases. However, the likelihood of an allergy increases significantly if at least one of the parents suffers from an allergy (in this case, to bee venom).
- If both parents suffer from the same type of allergy, the child is 60 to 80% more likely to develop it.
- If both parents are allergic, but allergies of different types, then the probability of a child's reaction is from 40 to 60%.
- One of the parents is sick with allergies - the probability of a reaction is from 20 to 40%.
- If parents do not suffer from allergies, the probability of pathology in a child is about 10%.
In addition to the health of the parents, the likelihood of allergies is influenced by external factors (first of all, the person's lifestyle and the state of the environment).
Below we take a look at the main stinging insects and symptoms of allergy to their bites.
Bee sting allergy
Bees are predominantly black with yellow spots, insects are from 0.3 cm to 4.5 cm in size. There are many varieties of bees (about 21 thousand species). The prevalence of these insects is very high - you will not find them unless in places where there are no flowering plants.
Hollows, burrows, crevices can be called typical places for bees to settle. For a swarm, the main conditions for a settlement are: the presence of a nearby reservoir or other source of water, shelter from the wind. Home attics or inter-wall spaces can also serve as a place for a hive. In warm climates, nests can be found hanging from trees.
Sting: has a serrated shape, so it remains in the wound with a piece of the abdomen.
Photo: Bee sting (characteristic notches are visible)
The bee venom contains enough substances that can provoke allergies, besides, it is toxic:
- histamine;
- melittin;
- alamine;
- hyaluronidase;
- fospolipase;
- other substances (including protein that help release histamine from mast cells).
Bee stings are a common cause of allergies. They account for about 1.5% of all allergy cases.
An allergy to bee venom can manifest itself from a few minutes to several hours after the sting. If there is no reaction, then the bite is manifested by slight soreness and redness of the skin.
Photo: Urticaria as a possible manifestation of an allergic reaction
Bee sting allergy symptoms:
- redness of the skin over a large area,
- hives,
- cough,
- allergic rhinitis,
- labored breathing,
- vomit,
- nausea.
The reaction can develop up to anaphylactic shock.
Wasp sting allergy
Wasps are one of the most aggressive insects. Their color is "habitual" for people with a black body with yellow stripes on it. However, depending on the kind, the colors will vary. The sizes of wasps are different and range from 1.5 to 10 centimeters. A characteristic feature of these insects is the presence of a "waist" that separates the upper body from the abdomen.
Typical representatives are: paper wasps, road wasps, true wasps, sand (burrowing) wasps, scolia, typhia, flower wasps, hornets.
Nutrition varies depending on the species. Wasps are not honey-bearing, moreover, they often exterminate bees and bumblebees.
As for the "weapon" - the sting of a wasp has serrations, like that of a bee, but they are smaller, i.e. the sting is smoother. This allows the wasps not to leave it in prey and to sting it repeatedly. In addition, when a threat arises, wasps use their jaws. The wasp sting is painful.
Sting: unlike a bee, it has no jaggedness, so the wasp does not leave it in the victim's wound.
Familiar to all French wasp
With the onset of autumn, when the number of fruits decreases, wasps become more active and their level of aggression increases, therefore the chance of being stung also increases.
In the absence of allergies, a person feels soreness at the site of the bite, a slight swelling of the tissues and their redness.
A wasp sting allergy is accompanied by:
- severe pain at the site of the bite,
- swelling of tissues
- redness over a large area.
In severe cases, the reaction is manifested by an increase in temperature, confusion, hallucinations.
Does a wasp die after being bitten?
No. Unlike the bee, which leaves a sting and a fragment of the abdomen with part of the organs in the wound, the sting of the wasp is attached to the abdomen quite firmly. For this reason, the wasp is capable of stinging multiple times.
Most often, wasps sting in case of careless human actions (an attempt to kill an insect, sudden movements).
Bumblebee allergy
Sting: the structure of the sting in a bumblebee differs from that of a bee (in bees it is serrated, therefore it remains in the wound, and a bumblebee with a smooth sting can attack many times).
Working bumblebees (females) have a sting and, contrary to popular belief, can cause considerable damage to human health. A bumblebee is less aggressive than a bee or, moreover, a wasp, but it can sting. It is quite difficult to provoke the bumblebee's aggression, but it will defend itself if you try to destroy its nest or try to kill it.
If a person is not allergic to a bumblebee, the bite is manifested by slight redness, soreness and local tissue edema.
Bumblebee allergy manifests itself:
- severe redness of a large area of the skin,
- severe itching of the skin,
- hives
- swelling of tissues
- nausea
- vomiting
- phenomena of anaphylactic shock (drop in blood pressure, breathing disorders, confusion).
Hornet allergy
Hornet is one of the largest representatives of wasps. Its distribution area is temperate latitudes. Colored, like "ordinary wasps" - yellow stripes on the black body
The hornet is an insect known to many beekeepers (the damage caused by hornets can be quite significant). Sometimes it happens that hornets nest right in the bee hives.
Hornets feed not only on nectar, but also kill bees, partially eating them.
The composition of the venom differs from that of the bee:
The hornet bite is very painful. Asian hornets are especially dangerous (their European counterparts are more peaceful).
Hornet allergy manifests itself:
- severe tissue edema,
- inflammation
- pain
- an increase in temperature, heart rate and blood sugar levels.
In severe cases, it is Quincke's edema or anaphylactic shock.
Common symptoms of normal and allergic reactions
Despite the differences in chemical composition, the general symptoms of a normal body response to a Hymenoptera bite are approximately the same:
- Burning pain;
- Papule surrounded by edema and redness.
On average, these symptoms last from 1 to 5 days.
Allergic reaction
It usually develops with bites on the hands, neck, face, tongue. With bites in the legs, chest, the reaction develops much less frequently.
Allergic reaction to a wasp sting on a guy's face. Before and after reaction (can be increased)
According to the severity of symptoms, allergies are classified as general and local.
The local reaction is relatively safe for life, develops in the area of the bite, and is manifested by edema, itching and redness of the entire affected limb.
A generalized or generalized allergic reaction is life-threatening and requires urgent medical attention. Local reactions against the background of general ones are rare.
The classification of general allergies according to the severity of manifestations includes three degrees:
- First degree (easy). Manifested by urticaria, Quincke's edema (edema of the lips, tongue, larynx, ears), low blood pressure. Edema of the larynx leads to hypoxia or asphyxia, which can lead to death.
- Second degree (medium). To the above symptoms are added vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, bronchospasm, low blood pressure is manifested by general weakness and periodic loss of consciousness.
- Third degree (severe). Anaphylactic shock is a rapidly developing and most dangerous manifestation of allergies. In the first minutes after the bite, a severe headache appears, itching radiating from the site of the bite throughout the body, bronchospasm develops, and soon the person loses consciousness. In this case, convulsions and involuntary urination are possible. The skin is pale, cyanotic, cold clammy sweat appears on the skin, blood pressure drops to 80/40 mm Hg. Art., a collapse develops, the pulse is practically not palpable. Death occurs within a few hours or even minutes due to hypoxia of vital organs.
Photo: allergies after a bite of a wasp and other stinging
Toxic reaction
Along with the allergic one, a toxic reaction can develop to the sting of a bee and other hymenoptera insects, since their venom has a high biological activity.
And if one bite is enough for an allergic reaction, since the antibodies in the body play the main role in it, the amount of poison in the body, depending on the number of bites, plays a decisive role for a toxic reaction.
A toxic reaction, like an allergic one, is divided into local and general. Local is manifested by slight edema, redness, itching, which last up to a week.
Clinical symptoms of general intoxication:
- heat,
- nausea and vomiting,
- headache,
- in severe cases, convulsions and delusional state,
- oppression of the blood coagulation system,
- increased vascular permeability.
Special cases
What could be the consequences if a bee (or other insect) stung you in the head?
A bee sting in the head poses a considerable danger - the consequences can be quite serious (encephalitis, neuritis, etc.). Swelling occurs from several minutes to several hours after the bite. Therefore, if a bee has bitten on the head, you should immediately contact a medical institution.
Sudden bee venom allergy. And is it an allergy?
Many are interested in the causes of a sudden allergy to bee venom (and is it an allergy?). Cases are described when the bite did not initially cause vivid manifestations of allergy. But the subsequent insect bites were accompanied by such formidable symptoms as anaphylactic shock and Quincke's edema.
In this case, the first insect bite is a kind of "acquaintance" of the organism with the allergen. On subsequent bites, the immune system reacts more aggressively. Sometimes there is a reverse process: sudden desensitization, which manifests itself there, that the reaction with each new bite becomes weaker
Diagnostics
Diagnosis of allergy to bee stings, wasps and other stinging includes the following points:
- Collecting anamnesis. Information about allergic reactions in the past, about the last bite, medical assistance provided in connection with it is being clarified.
- An allergist or dermatologist performs an examination. The site of the bite is examined, the symptoms of an allergic reaction are assessed: nasal congestion, rash, fever, nausea, heart rate and blood pressure are measured.
- General, biochemical blood test.
- A blood test or skin tests for specific antibodies.
Based on the data obtained during the diagnosis, it is possible to judge whether the patient is allergic to the bite of these insects.
First aid for allergies to a sting of wasps, bees, hornets
- Call an ambulance if symptoms of a general allergic reaction are observed.
- An allergy sufferer should always have a document drawn up by a doctor with instructions for providing assistance, as well as antihistamines suitable for him.
Was bitten by a wasp (or bee): what to do at home?
Immediately after the bite, the following measures are taken:
Immediately after the bite, the sting should be removed from the wound, which continues to inject poison into the body. This is best done with tweezers sterilized with alcohol or fire.
You cannot squeeze out the sting.
A cold compress or compress with ammonia, hydrogen peroxide or potassium permanganate is applied to the wound. It is also possible to apply a tourniquet above the bite site.
Ice applied to the bite can help reduce inflammation. A piece of clean cloth soaked in cold water and applied to the wound also helps.
As a rule, such home treatment for a wasp sting helps to cope with skin swelling and pain quickly enough.
What not to do after being bitten
- Drinking alcohol will accelerate the spread of the poison.
- Cool and rinse the wound with water from reservoirs.
- Rub the bite site.
Treating wasp sting and other stinging insect allergies
Symptomatic treatment is carried out with the use of corticosteroid ointments and antihistamines.
In some cases, the patient may be prescribed allergen-specific immunotherapy with the use of bee venom preparations to reduce the sensitivity to bee stings. Please note that these drugs are not currently registered in Russia.
In the photo on the right, you can see an example of an allergic reaction to a wasp sting. See how the hands differ.
Treatment the day after the bite
Sometimes it happens that even with the right help, painful sensations and swelling remain the next day. If the edema progresses, and the patient's well-being worsens, an appeal to a medical institution is necessary.
If the symptoms persist, but are not as severe, you can get rid of them with home remedies. Treatment for a wasp sting the next day is as follows.
- Taking antihistamines (Claritin, Diphenhydramine) helps. Antihistamine syrups (Edem, Claritin, Erius) are sold in pharmacies for children. The intake of antihistamines is continued until the symptoms of allergy disappear. The regimen of taking antihistamines is in strict accordance with the instructions.
- An ibuprofen tablet will help relieve pain.
- Ointments "Panthenol", "Bepanten" will help to cope with itchy skin.
Dropper treatment
Indications for the treatment of allergies to bee stings and wasps using a dropper are.
- Anaphylactic shock.
- Breathing disorder due to bronchospasm.
- Lyell's syndrome (acute allergic dermatitis).
- Quincke's edema.
The first dropper based on steroid hormones can be supplied by ambulance workers. It helps to relax the bronchial muscles and makes breathing easier. The selection of drugs in a hospital setting is prescribed by a doctor.
- In case of contact type allergies, it is necessary to wear a special net and gloves in the apiary. Before starting work near the hives, you need to take an antihistamine.
- Antihistamines save from inhalation allergies (the best option is prolonged-release drugs: Claritin, Zyrtec). If the allergy is complicated by bronchial asthma, the beekeeper's first-aid kit should have such means as Intal, Teopek or Euphilin.
- For mild allergies (urticaria, rash), taking antihistamine, as well as calcium chloride (one tablespoon three times a day), will help.
Folk and unconventional remedies for bee stings (and other stinging) and allergies to them
If there are no antihistamines at hand, the use of folk remedies for a bee sting (and other stinging) and allergies will help to quickly relieve the symptoms of local allergic and toxic reactions.
- 1 tablet of analgin,
- 1 tablet of activated carbon.
Option 1: Dissolve the products in water. Soak a cotton pad in the resulting solution and wipe the bite site.
Option 2: Crush the products, add a little water until mushy. Apply to the affected area - this will numb the bite and partially draw out the venom.
Parsley, plantain and other herbs
- Chopped or scalded leaves
Wash the parsley leaves, chop and cover with boiling water. Cool the resulting mass and apply to the bite site.
The plant has a good anti-inflammatory effect, relieves swelling, pain and redness.
Plants are washed, crushed, poured with boiling water and the cooled product is applied to the affected area. It is necessary to change the compress every two hours.
Applied to the skin at the site of the bite in a small amount, it removes irritation well, regenerates the skin and nourishes it.
- Chopped or halved onion
Onion gruel or half of the onion is applied to the bite site. Onion juice partially neutralizes the poison and relieves irritation and redness.
A cotton pad dipped in aloe juice slightly diluted with boiled water is applied to the bite site. Aloe leaf tied to the bite site quickly relieves pain, itching and swelling. Healing is much faster.
Dandelion White Juice Has Anti-Inflammatory Effects
Vodka for allergies to wasp and bee stings
With local inflammation, it is possible and even desirable to treat the bite site with vodka (vodka neutralizes the bee venom).
But taking alcohol inside is contraindicated, despite the fact that some "experts" strongly advise it. The fact is that antiallergic drugs and drinking alcohol are incompatible. In addition, alcohol has a vasodilating effect and promotes the rapid spread of bee venom in the body.
Propolis does not apply. Moreover, its use is contraindicated for people suffering from bee sting allergies.
Acupuncture for allergies
Acupuncture for allergies to wasps and bees is a method that came from China. It allows you not only to get rid of the manifestations of allergies, but also improves the general condition of the body.
Stimulation of the centers of the brain and spinal cord contributes to the normal functioning of the immune system and leads to a decrease in the manifestations of the reaction. But the use of acupuncture is truly effective only in combination with traditional methods of treating the disease.
Prevention and precautions
Allergic reaction to a wasp sting on a man's leg (can be increased)
Prevention of allergy to wasp and bee sting is a complex of simple measures that, under certain conditions, can save a person's life.
To protect yourself from insect bites to the maximum, the following preventive measures are helpful:
- While resting outside the city, do not walk barefoot on the grass: you risk stepping on an insect.
- It is undesirable to wear brightly colored things that can serve as bait for biting insects.
- Do not use perfumes with floral scents to avoid attracting insects.
- Wear a hat when leaving home.
- Wear protective gloves and long-sleeved clothing when gardening.
- Install a fine insect screen on your windows.
- Be careful when eating outdoors as the smell of food often attracts bees and wasps.
- Always carry with you a set of anti-allergic drugs prescribed by your doctor.
- It is undesirable to eat fruits and sweet foods on the street, near flower beds, garbage cans.
- You should not kill wasps and bees that have sat on clothes or the body, as the smell of the entrails will cause aggression of their relatives and lead to an attack from their side.
The environment of the allergic person should be informed about the presence of an allergy to bee venom, its symptoms and the first aid algorithm. An allergy sufferer must keep with him a document drawn up by the attending physician containing information about the disease and first aid, including the algorithm for the administration of antiallergic drugs, as well as have appropriate drugs with him.
Diet for bee sting allergies
There is no special diet for bee sting allergy. However, people with this type of allergy should not eat honey as it may contain substances that can trigger allergies.
Knowing about the precautions and methods of treating and preventing bee sting allergies will help prevent the development of an allergic attack, or, if one happens, provide adequate first aid.
Answers to popular questions
Unfortunately, a bee sting can harm not only a woman, but also the fetus that she bears. If a woman is not prone to allergic reactions, then the bite is usually limited to short soreness, slight swelling and local redness.
However, due to hormonal changes, changes occur in a woman's body that can cause increased sensitivity to various stimuli, including bee venom. How exactly the body of a pregnant woman will react to a bee sting cannot be predicted in advance. Therefore, in order not to attract the attention of bees, it is undesirable to use perfumes with floral smells, to wear clothes of bright colors. You cannot sharply dismiss the bees: this attracts them even more.
To prevent this, do not waste time trying to treat the eye with folk remedies, but immediately contact a medical institution.
The bite of the Asian hornet is much more dangerous than the attack of its European counterpart.
Comments on the article: 2
Article in the topic. Now in the fall, the wasps will simply start to go crazy. In the summer they are not particularly visible, and by the fall they begin to crawl into a person's food. And they'll bite too. So, I got a lot of information about first aid for a bite here.
A wasp bite is terrible for my mother, Quincke's edema develops literally before our eyes, she always has Suprastin in ampoules with her in her cosmetic bag and a syringe is otherwise a disaster. The main thing is to have time to save for the first time. And then the person or his family, in principle, know what to do to make things better.
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Insect allergy
The main forms of insect allergy are:
- local skin reactions to insect bites;
- systemic anaphylactic reactions to stinging;
- respiratory allergic reactions to inhalation of insects and substances emitted by them.
There are immediate reactions that occur after a few seconds or minutes and last for several hours or days, and delayed allergic reactions that appear 1-2 days after the bite.
Toxic reactions are observed after being stung by a large number of insects.
ICD-10 code
Causes of insect allergies
Stinging insects are classified as Hymenoptera. Most often, severe systemic reactions occur to stings of bees and wasps. Mosquito bites rarely cause severe allergic reactions, since they do not inject poison, but the secretion of the salivary glands, which can cause a local allergic reaction. With an abundance of mosquitoes, midges, beetles, butterflies in the summer, it is possible to inhale small insects or wing scales, which can cause respiratory allergies.
Pathogenesis
An unusual reaction to an insect bite can be mediated by IgE or IgG2 reagins. The main allergenic components of the poison are phospholipase A2, hyaluronidase, melittin, a high molecular weight fraction with acid phosphatase activity and allergen C. In addition, poisons, insect saliva may contain histamine, acetylcholine, kinins, other biogenic amines and their liberators, enzymes. In this case, the reaction is pseudo-allergic.
Insect allergy symptoms
A pronounced local reaction is manifested by severe edema and erythema (over 10 cm in diameter), persisting for more than 24 hours. At the same time, other signs of an immediate allergic reaction may appear - urticaria, angioedema, facial redness; nausea, vomiting; difficulty breathing caused by swelling of the nasopharynx, vocal cords, larynx, trachea, bronchospasm; abdominal pain, diarrhea; arthralgia.
Anaphylactic shock is the most severe allergic reaction to insect bites. anaphylactic shock can develop with a bite in any part of the body, but if the head and neck region is affected, its likelihood increases. In most cases, symptoms of anaphylactic shock appear within the first 15 minutes, although a later onset of the reaction is possible. The clinical picture of anaphylactic shock is as described below.
The more severe the initial reaction to the bite, the higher the likelihood of its recurrence.
For 7-12 days after the bite, reactions resembling serum sickness may occur.
What's worried about?
Insect allergy diagnostics
Diagnosis is usually based on history. Skin testing is carried out with an extract of bee and wasp venom. Determination of specific IgE in vitro is possible.
What should be examined?
How to examine?
What tests are needed?
Who to contact?
Insect allergy treatment
Conduct nonspecific symptomatic therapy. The remnants of the sting stylet, topically cold compresses, antipruritic and anti-inflammatory ointments, antihistamines, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are removed from the skin.
Specific hyposensitization is carried out with strict determination of indications by one allergen or a mixture of several poisons. Duration of treatment years.
Medicines
Prevention of insect allergy
Prevention of a reaction to insect bites in susceptible individuals includes the following basic rules:
- in the summer months, go outside in clothes that cover the body as much as possible, pick up light, dull colors of clothes;
- do not make sudden movements when insects appear;
- do not walk barefoot (especially on the grass);
- wear a headdress;
- be careful when eating outside;
- exclude the use of drugs containing propolis.
Parents should be trained in providing first aid for reactions to insect bites.
Medical Expert Editor
Alexey Portnov
Education: Kiev National Medical University. A.A. Bogomolets, specialty - "General Medicine"
References
- Pediatrics with childhood infections - Zaprudnov A.M., Grigoriev K.I. - Textbook. 2011
- Childhood diseases - N.P. Shabalov - 6th edition. 2009
- Pediatrics - under the leadership of A.A. Baranov - Quick Start Guide. 2014
- Emergency conditions in children - V.P. Molochny, M.F. Rzyankina, N.G. Lived - Directory. 2010
- Propedeutics of childhood diseases - Vorontsov I.M., Mazurin A.V. 2009
The latest research relating Allergy to insects
American experts have found that probiotics, represented by microorganisms such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, relieve the discomfort of hay fever and seasonal allergies.
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Mites- the oldest inhabitants of our planet. In nature, there are more than 50 thousand species of these arachnids. The greatest danger to human and animal life is represented by ixodid ticks.
When bitten, ixodid ticks can infect the victim with serious diseases that can lead to disability or death. No one is immune from contact with ticks. Reducing the likelihood of a bite and providing first aid correctly is what everyone should know and be able to do.
ICD 10 Is an abbreviation that stands for International Classification of Diseases. This is a kind of document with norms and rules, which is taken as a basis all over the world. This classification is updated and supplemented every 10 years.
The main goal of the ICD is to structure disease data into some codes and values, all this is done for quick analysis and collection of information for further study.
According to this classification, the tick bite received the code B88.8... If the patient was infected with encephalitis, the code is assigned A84.0, if Lyme disease - A69.20.
Why is a tick bite dangerous?
What does a tick bite mark look like?
It is quite easy to notice a tick on the body. The sucked insect looks like a convex mole with small hairs on both sides. A tick individual reaches a length of 4 mm in a hungry state, and up to 10 mm after sucking. A few hours after the bite, a red spot forms in its place.
Tick bite symptoms
The tick bites painlessly. This is because when the skin is pierced, biological anesthetics enter it, which completely relieves the pain.
After being bitten, the tick places its proboscis under the skin in order to find a blood vessel. The proboscis is located in such a way that it is extremely difficult for a person to remove it from the body.
Ticks are most often located on the neck, shoulders, groin and armpits, under the knees, behind the ears.
The time interval after which the first symptoms appear is different for everyone. Most often, children and the elderly, as well as those who have a number of chronic diseases, begin to feel the first effects of a bite. On average, the first symptoms appear after a couple of hours.
- Weakness.
- Chills.
- Joint aches.
- Photophobia.
- The body temperature rises to 38 degrees.
- Blood pressure decreases.
- Tachycardia appears.
After another couple of hours, you can notice an increase in lymph nodes, redness of the bite site and itching, which becomes more and more severe.
Dangerous signs after a tick bite
More dangerous signs include:
- The appearance of nausea.
- Frequent vomiting.
- Loss of consciousness.
- Violation of nervous activity.
- Hallucinations.
- It's getting hard to breathe.
Tick-borne encephalitis symptoms
After a tick bite, you need to clearly understand that an infection may have occurred. Don't panic. The sooner treatment is started, the better the chances of a full recovery.
How to understand that a tick could be infected with encephalitis?
- Chills appear;
- The body temperature rises;
- There is aches in the joints;
- Breathing becomes difficult;
- The skin turns red.
The symptoms of encephalitis are very similar to ARVI. In such a situation, the main thing is to determine the disease in time so as not to waste precious time. Encephalitis is a severe disease that affects the nervous system. If you do not start treatment, the patient may remain disabled or die.
Signs of Borreliosis
This disease is not as dangerous as encephalitis, but it can still significantly harm health.
People who are infected after a tick bite show the following symptoms:
- A slight swelling is possible at the site of the tick bite.
- Nausea appears at times.
- A dry cough appears.
- Fever appears.
The insidiousness of this disease is that symptoms may appear after 6 months. Borreliosis is easily confused with the common flu or common cold. If left untreated, this condition can eventually affect the heart, joints and nervous system of a person.
Manifestations of hemorrhagic fever
On the territory of Russia, a disease such as Crimean fever. It is a viral disease carried by ticks.
Ticks become carriers of this disease after being bitten by cattle infected with it. You can also get a fever when a tick is crushed. In this case, viruses can enter the bloodstream through small cuts or wounds.
This disease is seasonal. Outbreaks of Crimean fever most often occur in the summer months. The geography of distribution is extensive and covers almost the entire territory of the country.
The first signs of Crimean fever:
- Headaches and muscle pains.
- Bleeding of various etiologies (nasal, gastric, uterine).
- This fever is characterized by a "two-humped" rise in temperature.
- Dizziness.
- Loss or impairment of consciousness.
After 48 hours from the onset of the disease, the patient develops a rash all over the body, the face begins to turn pale, the lips turn blue. There may also be low blood pressure, diarrhea. Fever usually resolves within 12 days.
Important! Treatment of the disease should be carried out only in a hospital. The patient will need strict bed rest, adherence to a diet, treatment with hormonal and immunostimulating drugs, as well as a donor blood transfusion.
Acute allergic reaction
With a tick bite, a phenomenon such as an acute allergic reaction can occur. This is due to the penetration of a new allergen into the human body. Acute manifestations can be life-threatening.
Symptoms:
- Severe itching and redness of the skin.
- Swelling of parts of the body.
- Fear.
- Feeling hot.
- Tachycardia.
- Loss of consciousness.
- Dyspnea.
- Pallor of the skin.
First aid for an acute allergic reaction:
- Provide the patient with access to clean air;
- Take antihistamines;
- Lubricate the itch with a weak vinegar or soda solution;
Call a doctor or ambulance depending on the severity of the disease.
Tick bite help
As soon as a tick has been found on the body, it must be removed immediately.
Important! You should not use folk methods, as indicated in many sources of information, and drip oil or alcohol on the tick. Yes, the tick will suffocate, but before that, there is a high probability of releasing a large amount of saliva into the human blood, and with it - of infected microorganisms. Especially extreme advisers say that you can set fire to a tick and it will come out on its own - this method also carries a danger.
It is necessary to pull out the tick carefully so that its entire body and proboscis are completely removed.
How to remove a tick correctly:
- You can use special forceps to remove the tick. They are sold at any pharmacy. It is necessary to squeeze the ticks with the tips of the tongs closer to the head and pull it out with small swaying movements. The body must be pulled out strictly perpendicular.
- If there are no forceps at hand, an ordinary thread will help to notice them., from which you need to make a loop and throw it over the head of the tick. The principle of operation is the same as with forceps.
- If you have a medical syringe at hand- it can also help remove the tick. To do this, you need to cut off the tip of the syringe and attach the resulting round hole to the tick so that it is completely in it. Next, we pull on the piston, and due to the creation of a vacuum, the tick comes out.
- After the tick has been removed, the wound should be washed with soap and water and treated with an antiseptic. The tick must be placed in a glass jar with a well-closed lid and taken to the nearest laboratory for detection of infection.
The consequences of a tick bite
After a tick bite, the patient needs to monitor his condition and measure the temperature for ten days. If one of the symptoms of the disease appears, you should immediately consult a doctor.
If, after passing the examination, infection with tick-borne encephalitis or borreliosis was confirmed, treatment should be started immediately, only in this case the risks of complications will be minimal.
If, after 10 days, no deviations from the norm were detected, and the tick test data did not reveal infection, then everything went well.
How to avoid tick bites?
When heading to a forest area for a walk, you should dress correctly:
- It is better to choose clothes of light monochromatic colors, preferably sports cut.
- The jacket should be collared and zipped.
- The cuffs on the arms and legs should fit snugly against the skin.
- Tights or long socks should be worn on your feet.
- Pants need to be tucked into shoes, preferably if they are high boots.
- Long hair is best hidden under a headscarf.
In addition, the following tips will help to avoid tick bites:
- Every 15 minutes, check for ticks on clothing. A thorough inspection should be performed every 3 hours, with the garment being completely turned inside out.
- In forested areas, it is best to avoid the trails of wild animals., fallen leaves or tall grass. It is better to sit on a bedding treated with a repellent.
- If you plan to spend the night, then it is better to set up a tent in a clearing. Before entering the tent, you need to take a good look at all your clothes and hair.
- Ticks can be found in the room, arriving, for example, on clothes or a bouquet. In this case, it is not recommended to bring flowers and leaves collected in the forest into the house; clothes must be carefully examined and hung out in a well-ventilated place for 10 hours.
- Various repellents have proven to be good for protection against bites. They are used to treat skin and clothing. But keep in mind that repellents can cause irritation and itching. They must be used strictly according to the instructions.
- Folk remedies can also help scare off bloodsuckers. So, for example, the smell of balm asterisk will be extremely unpleasant for the tick, and this insect will clearly not be delighted with a mixture of essential oils of clove, eucalyptus and rosemary.
Conclusion
Ticks have become very active lately. Someone associates the increase in the number of arachnids with advertising of insurance companies, someone with the ecological situation, but all theories agree on one thing - ticks are becoming more and more every year.
This situation discourages many people from walking in nature, thereby depriving them of fully enjoying the warm season.
Ticks are carriers of serious diseases that can greatly weaken the health of a person or animal.
Still, you should not be afraid of them. You just need to know which means of protection against ticks are most effective, and if the bite does occur, be able to provide first aid and distinguish the symptoms of dangerous diseases.
Every industry always sets the same systems and standards. This also applies to medicine. There is a special classification - ICD-10. The abbreviation stands for International Classification of Diseases. This is a normative document that is the basis. It is used by doctors and other professionals around the world. The ICD-10 is revised every 10 years. The edition includes 3 volumes with instructions.
The aim of the ICD is to create conditions for the effective collection, processing and analysis of data on diseases and mortality in various regions of the country and around the world. Thanks to this classification, diagnoses are converted into a code value of numbers and letters. This facilitates the process of storing, retrieving and analyzing information. The international classification provides generality in methodological approaches to the comparison of information.
There are other diagnoses in this section. For example, B88.0 is another acariasis. The B88.1 code refers to tungiosa, a disease related to problems with the sand flea (tropical variety). All other arthropod infestations are listed under the number B88.2. External hirudinosis is designated as B88.3, and if the infestation has an unspecified form, then the code B88.9 is written.
If the patient contracted encephalitis of the spring-summer tick-borne type from a tick, then the code A84.0 is set. If there are no clarifications on tick-borne encephalitis, then the number A84.9 is written. If a patient has Lyme disease or borreliosis after a tick bite, then the number A69.20 is set.
Infection symptoms
The first symptoms appear in a person about 3 hours after being bitten. Usually the patient feels weak, is constantly in a sleepy state. He develops chills, fear of light, aching joints and muscle pain. After this, other symptoms appear. The body temperature rises to 37.5-38 ºС. At the same time, tachycardia begins (more than 60 beats per minute) and blood pressure indicators decrease. The lymphatic vessels closest to the bite increase in size. The person feels itching, which gradually intensifies. Redness and a rash appear at the site of the bite.
As for the strongly pronounced responses of the body of a bitten person, headache and nausea may occur. Some people have frequent bouts of vomiting. Sometimes it becomes difficult to breathe, and the breathing itself goes along with wheezing. Nervous manifestations are also characteristic. Sometimes there are even hallucinations.
In general, it is quite simple to notice a tick on a human body. It usually resembles a bulging mole, and the legs are like hair growing out of it. Having sucked onto a blood vessel, it can be on the victim's body for a long time.
Possible consequences of infection
Getting a tick is easy enough.
Tick-borne encephalitis symptoms
It is a disease caused by a viral infection. The main symptoms are as follows. A person begins to have all the signs of general intoxication of the body. The body temperature rises. In severe cases, further damage to the central nervous system begins. It can be meningitis or encephalitis. The consequences are permanent changes of the neurological type. In severe cases, this leads to death or disability. The first symptoms of this disease appear only after 8-11 days. Prevention is the introduction of immunoglobulin in the first 3 days after the tick attack.
It is necessary to treat tick-borne encephalitis in the hospital when the patient has a fever and another week after its end. Ribonuclease, Prednisolone and blood substitutes are prescribed. If a person develops meningitis, then a large dose of vitamins C and B is required. In case of breathing problems, intensive ventilation of the lungs is prescribed. During the rehabilitation period, anabolic steroids, drugs from the nootropic group, tranquilizers, etc. are prescribed. In some cases, antibiotics are prescribed. But this already depends on the causative agent of the disease itself. The drug is selected by the doctor.
Signs of Borreliosis
This disease is known as Lyme disease. It is also an infectious disease caused by special bacteria. Borreliosis has a significant polymorphism of the clinical picture. The patient always begins to show signs of general intoxication. The body temperature rises, headaches occur. The patient gets tired quickly. A characteristic symptom of this disease is a migratory rash. A bacterial infection affects various internal organs, as well as the heart, blood vessels, musculoskeletal system, and nerve fibers. Especially lesions affect those systems and organs that have a hereditary predisposition to disorders. If you do not help the patient in a timely manner and do not start treatment, this will lead to disability.
In Lyme disease, antibiotics are mandatory. They will help suppress the causative agent of the disease. Usually this ailment is caused by microorganisms that belong to the group of spirochetes.
In case of neurological disorders, the patient must be hospitalized. If redness has begun, then Tetracycline and its analogs, bacteriostatics are used. These funds will help prevent further development of the disease. It is also necessary to restore the water-salt balance. All medications are selected by the doctor.
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Manifestation of hemorrhagic fever
This disease is also infectious in nature and is caused by a virus. Usually, a person begins to experience symptoms of general intoxication with a pronounced febrile state. The composition of the blood begins to change. In the patient, parenchymal bleeding can be detected, as well as hemorrhages under the skin. There are Crimean and Omsk fevers.
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Therapy consists in the use of antiviral agents. Also, such treatment is supplemented with vitamins P and K, which will strengthen the walls of blood vessels. Another glucose solution is introduced. If you consult a doctor in a timely manner, then the prognosis will be positive.
ICD-10 is a specially developed classification, which has been used by doctors and other specialists for many years. All possible diseases are included in it. Tick bites are also listed there. The bite itself is not dangerous, but it can lead to various complications, because it often happens that ticks are infected with viruses. But this cannot be determined by eye, since a laboratory study is necessary.
Frequency... Dog bites are reported at 12: 1,000 of the population. Cat bites - 16:10,000.
Code for the international classification of diseases ICD-10:
Causes
Risk factors... Dogs bite more often in the afternoon, especially in warm or hot weather, they do not like half-naked people. Cats bite more often in the morning. Drinking alcohol: Dogs do not like the smell of alcohol.
Symptoms (signs)
Clinical picture- bitten wounds are represented by abrasions, scratches, the edges of the wound are usually torn, crushed.
Diagnostics
Research methods... 75% of bitten wounds are infected - it is possible to sow a culture of microorganisms. X-ray examination of the affected area to exclude bone damage and follow-up in dynamics when osteomyelitis is suspected.
Treatment
TREATMENT
Surgery. Primary surgical treatment of a wound with the removal of non-viable tissue. Suturing the wound is possible if the bite occurred no more than 12 hours ago, a full-fledged primary surgical treatment was carried out, as well as if the surgeon is confident that infection in the wound cannot develop. The imposition of primary - delayed sutures 3-5 days after the bite is optimal for knowingly infected wounds and the impossibility of preventing the development of infection only by primary surgical treatment. For fractures of the bones of the hand, a splint is required.
Drug therapy
Administration of rabies serum for rabies prophylaxis.
Administration of tetanus toxoid (to immunized patients, if more than 5 years have passed since the last vaccination) - see Tetanus.
Anti-tetanus immunoglobulin of a person with incomplete primary immunization (see. Tetanus).
Preventive therapy in the first 12 hours after the bite .. Phenoxymethylpenicillin 500 mg orally 4 r / day (children 50 mg / kg / day orally 2 r / day) for 3 days .. Other drugs - amoxicillin 500 mg orally 3 r / day for adults and 40 mg / kg / day 3 r / day for children, or amoxicillin + clavulanic acid, 250-500 mg orally 3 r / day for adults and 20-40 mg / kg / day 3 r / day for children.
When the first signs of infection appear, amoxicillin + clavulanic acid (until the results of bacteriological studies are obtained).
Alternative therapy (prophylactic or empirical) in patients allergic to penicillin .. Doxycycline. Contraindicated in children under 8 years of age, pregnant and breastfeeding women .. Ceftriaxone or erythromycin. Cephalexin should not be used due to the resistance of P. multocida strains. Approximately 10% of patients allergic to penicillin develop cross-allergy to cephalosporins.
Complications... Septic arthritis. Osteomyelitis. Extensive soft tissue injuries with scarring and subsequent deformation, sometimes with loss of function. Sepsis. Bleeding. Gas gangrene. Rabies. Tetanus. Cat scratch disease.
Forecast... In the absence of complications, the wounds heal by secondary intention after 7-10 days.
ICD-10 . W54 A bite or blow from a dog. W55 A bite or blow from other mammals
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