Cough and red rash in a child. What factors cause a rash and a cough to appear at the same time? Features of the course and treatment of allergic bronchitis

Infectious diseases of childhood often proceed differently from adults. Respiratory pathology also becomes the basis for concern. Parents, noticing a cough and a rash in their child, will think about the origin of the symptoms and, most likely, will not wait for new ones to appear. Only by contacting a doctor, you can be sure of a high-quality diagnosis of the condition that has arisen.

Any symptom has a connection with its source. But different diseases have similar symptoms, so you have to consider the likelihood of several causes. A rash on the body of a child, combined with a cough and fever, may appear with the following diseases:

Measles.
Rubella.
Scarlet fever.

But in addition to childhood infections, allergic reactions to any substances (food, pollen, animal hair, medicines) cannot be ruled out. But a cough with a rash without fever can have a completely different origin, being signs of two unrelated conditions. In any of the cases, a thorough differential diagnosis will help to establish the cause.

Symptoms

The clinical picture of the disease consists of individual symptoms that the doctor identifies during the interview and physical examination. First, he asks the parents and the child himself what worries him, how the disease began and how it manifested itself. Then the subjective information is supplemented by the results of examination, palpation (feeling), percussion (percussion) and auscultation (listening). This creates an idea of the pathology, which makes it possible to make a preliminary diagnosis.

Measles

Measles is a highly contagious infection that is caused by a virus. The pathogen is very easily transmitted from the patient by airborne droplets in children's groups and places of mass gathering of people. After the incubation (latent) period, the temperature gradually rises (up to 39 degrees), the phenomena of intoxication (weakness, malaise, loss of appetite) increase. At the same time, inflammatory changes appear in the upper respiratory tract:

Coryza with serous discharge.
Sore throat.
Dry cough.
Hoarseness of voice.

Catarrhal phenomena also cover the conjunctiva - the mucous membrane turns red, the sclera are injected, the eyelids swell, the eyes water. The posterior wall of the pharynx is hyperemic, granular. On day 2, red spots (enanthema) become visible on the mucous membrane of the soft palate, and small whitish dots on the inner side of the cheeks (Belsky-Filatov symptom). The face becomes puffy, the lips dry and chapped.

From the 4th day of illness, rashes appear on the body (exanthema). They are characterized by several distinctive features:

Represented by bright pink spots and irregularly shaped papules.
Located on an unmodified skin background.
They appear in stages (face, torso, limbs).
Disappear with pigmentation.

Catarrhal and intoxication syndrome with the appearance of enanthema reaches its maximum severity, but during the period of pigmentation, the child's condition becomes satisfactory. Measles can also be atypical, with abortive, erased, asymptomatic and mitigated forms. The latter occurs in children who received immunoglobulins during the incubation period. But one cannot exclude the risk of a severe infection, which gives complications in the form of laryngotracheitis, pneumonia, meningoencephalitis, otitis media, keratitis, etc.

A maculopapular rash and a cough in a child is a reason to think about measles. The likelihood of such an infection increases significantly upon contact with a sick person.

Rubella

In the clinical picture of rubella, there will also be a combination of three syndromes: exanthema, catarrhal and intoxication. The disease begins with a prodromal period, which, like the common cold, is characterized by low-grade fever, weakness, fatigue, and signs of damage to the upper respiratory tract:

Rhinitis.
Sore throat and sore throat.
Dry cough.

A characteristic sign of rubella will be an increase and soreness of regional lymph nodes (posterior cervical and occipital). Then, against this background, a small-spotted red rash appears in the child. It occurs simultaneously throughout the body, located mainly on the extensor surfaces of the limbs, buttocks, and back.

Acquired rubella, as a rule, runs smoothly, without giving rise to complications. In young children, in the presence of specific immunity from the mother, the disease does not develop. But if a woman has an infection during pregnancy, then a newborn is noted for congenital rubella with damage to various organs (pneumonia, myocarditis, hepatitis) and multiple malformations.

Scarlet fever

One of the varieties of streptococcal infection is scarlet fever. It begins acutely - with a rise in body temperature, intoxication and sore throat. The kid complains of sore throat when swallowing, sometimes there is a cough (symptoms of concomitant pharyngitis). The mucous membrane of the pharynx on examination is red, the tonsils are enlarged and loosened. The tongue is first coated with a white bloom, but then it is cleared of it, acquiring the appearance of "crimson" (with enlarged papillae).

Against the background of intoxication and catarrhal symptoms, a typical scarlet fever exanthema appears: abundant, red, punctate, located on a hyperemic background of the skin, mainly along the flexion surfaces of the limbs, on the neck, chest, abdomen and lower back, concentrating in places of natural folds. The appearance of the child is quite characteristic, since the rash on the face thickens in the cheeks, and the zone of the nasolabial triangle remains free (Filatov's symptom). During the recovery period, skin changes undergo reverse development with the appearance of lamellar peeling, especially pronounced on the palms and feet.

Scarlet fever is not as harmless as it seems. It can be quite difficult and give a number of complications: toxic, septic and allergic. Therefore, it is extremely important to suspect an infection in time and start antibiotic therapy.

A rash with scarlet fever has a number of characteristic features that, in conjunction with other symptoms, suggest an infection.

Allergic reactions

In addition to infectious diseases, allergic reactions should not be overlooked. Their prevalence is increasing every year, especially in childhood. Almost any substance on contact with a sensitized organism can give such a reaction. And in clinical terms, the following signs may appear:

Hives and pruritus.
Paroxysmal sneezing.
Nasal congestion and snot.
Lachrymation and redness of the eyes.
Cough and hoarseness of the voice.
Bronchospasm and choking.

Each child reacts to an allergen in its own way: from minor manifestations to strong and dangerous. At an early age, only signs of diathesis appear in the form of redness and peeling on the cheeks, but later they can develop into atopic dermatitis, rhinitis, bronchial asthma.

Additional diagnostics

What disease became the source of cough and rash on the body can be reliably said only by the results of additional examination. And although some conditions are even recognized clinically, laboratory procedures will help to confirm the diagnosis:

General analysis of blood and urine.
Nasopharyngeal swab (microscopy, bacterial culture, PCR).
Serological tests (determination of antibodies and antigens in serum).

To exclude some complications, a chest X-ray, ECG, and ultrasound of the kidneys are required. The child is consulted by an infectious disease specialist and an allergist. And only after all the diagnostic measures it will become clear what he is sick with. Based on the results obtained, treatment is also prescribed.

Cough and runny nose: causes

The causes of nighttime coughing fits in a baby can be very different. Much depends on how the birth process went, and whether there were any complications during it. You also need to pay attention to the individual characteristics of the body, for example, the body can react with a cough to some irritant that causes an allergic reaction.

Exposure to irritants that cause allergic reactions.

Development of infection in the respiratory system and nasopharynx.

Draining from nose to throat of mucus.

Ingress of foreign particles into the respiratory system.

Weakening of the immune system after suffering a cold.

Pollen of plants.

Some products.

Dust.

Every parent is familiar with the situation when a baby suddenly develops a rash on the body and at the same time the temperature suddenly rises. Such symptoms are found in very many diseases and conditions, some of which are considered quite dangerous for the child's body.

Let's try to figure out what specific pathological conditions are characteristic of a particular disease, and how parents should behave when a child suddenly has a rash and fever.

The reasons can be roughly divided into two large groups - infectious and non-infectious.

Non-infectious

Temperature, cough, runny nose, rash: how to distinguish from a cold?

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Rubella and chickenpox (chickenpox) are considered childhood infections. Indeed, in preschool and primary school age, these diseases are transferred quite easily, but it is undesirable for adults to become infected with them.

What symptoms should you pay attention to? What does a chickenpox and rubella rash look like? What can be the treatment and care? Are rubella and chickenpox vaccinated? This is the most important thing parents need to know about these viral infections.

Dry cough and rash as signs of an allergic reaction

Nausea.

Apathy.

Unpleasant sensations in the throat and chest area.

The appearance of a runny nose first, then bronchospasm.

Exit with a sharp spastic exhalation of mucus not from the airways, but from the nasopharynx.

Possible tearing, cramps in the eyes.

Feeling of nausea, unpleasant manifestations in the chest.

Symptoms (cough, runny nose) in this case will be short-lived. With their help, the body is cleansed of foreign particles. After the restoration of the normal state of the mucous membranes, nasal congestion, bronchospasm, and runny nose disappear. Such a reaction of the immune system does not indicate the onset of a pathological process, but the inclusion of the protective functions of the body.

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Many infectious diseases, usually occurring in childhood, but sometimes occurring in adults, are accompanied by the simultaneous presence of symptoms such as cough and rash.

An accurate diagnosis of the disease can only be determined by a doctor. The fact is that different diseases have similar symptoms, and the treatment, prevention of possible complications, and also the determination of which diseases in the future a person will be protected depends on the correct diagnosis. After all these diseases, a stable, almost 100% immunity is developed.

A rash on the body of a child is a symptom of infectious diseases such as measles, scarlet fever, rubella, chickenpox.

With a cough and a rash without fever, one can suspect an allergic reaction to various irritants, such as: pollen, animal hair, food, dusty air, medications.

All infectious diseases have an incubation (latent) period. At this time, the infection spreads in the body, but there are no manifestations of the disease yet. Over time, the first symptoms of the disease begin to appear, often at this time there is no rash or cough yet.

Let's try to understand the symptoms of the above-described infectious diseases and decide how not to make a mistake with the diagnosis.

Measles

One of the highly contagious diseases is measles. Basically, it affects children aged 2-5 years. Sometimes there are whole epidemics of measles, especially if the population has not been massively vaccinated. The causative agent of the disease is a virus characterized by weak resistance in the external environment. It tends to quickly die outside the human body. The virus is neutralized by boiling, treatment with disinfectants, and radiation. However, this does not prevent the rapid spread of the disease. Measles is transmitted by airborne droplets quite easily. The virus enters the body through the respiratory mucosa.

The incubation period for measles is eight to fourteen days. At this time, the virus multiplies in the lymph nodes, the virus is also found in the tonsils and spleen. Obvious symptoms of the disease begin to appear at the moment the multiplied virus enters the blood from the lymph nodes. During the incubation period, immunity decreases sharply and the body's resistance to bacterial infections decreases.

The disease begins acutely. The temperature rises to 38-40 C. A dry, unproductive cough begins abruptly, a runny nose appears. The child sneezes frequently. The voice becomes hoarse. A specific condition such as photophobia appears.

In addition to catarrhal phenomena, there is:

general malaise;
weakness;
swelling of the eyelids and redness of the conjunctiva;
hyperemia (overflow with blood) of the pharynx;
the appearance of red spots on the soft and hard palate.

The next day of illness, a rash appears. On the cheeks (from the inner mucous side), one can observe small whitish little ones surrounded by a narrow red border. The peak of the rash occurs 4-5 days after the onset of the disease. The first rashes are visible on the face, then on the neck, behind the ears, the next day - on the trunk, on the third day - on the arms and legs in the folds. The rash is small in size, but individual rashes merge into large spots.

The rash begins to diminish from the fourth day of illness. The temperature drops to normal. The rash begins to darken, its pigmentation appears, and peeling occurs. Pigmentation takes 7-10 days.

Measles treatment must be taken with full responsibility. The disease is fraught with complications such as:

laryngitis;
laryngeal stenosis;
trazeobronchitis;
otitis;
pneumonia;
measles encephalitis;
hepatitis and others.

Measles treatment

There are no specific drugs for the treatment of measles. Vaccination can prevent illness or noticeably alleviate symptoms. After illness, a stable immunity is developed.

Treatment of catarrhal symptoms is carried out depending on their manifestation. To combat cough, expectorant drugs and mucolytics are used. With inflammation of the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract, anti-inflammatory drugs. To normalize the temperature, fight fever, eliminate pain, including headache, use Ibuprofen or Paracetamol.

For itchy skin, daily rinsing of the body and washing with a solution with synthetic tannin are used.

To eliminate conjunctivitis, wash the eyes with a solution of baking soda and strong tea, as well as drops with antibiotics. The oral cavity is rinsed with chamomile infusion and other anti-inflammatory infusions.

During illness, the use of vitamin A is indicated.

Scarlet fever

Scarlet fever also mainly affects children. The causative agent of the disease is group A hemolytic streptococcus.

The latent period of the disease is rather short (2-3 days), but it can last up to 12 days. The disease starts quickly. A short period of time passes from the first symptoms to the appearance of the rash.

The disease is accompanied by both general intoxication of the body and the appearance of a rash and other severe symptoms.

Symptoms of body poisoning with toxins will be:

high temperature;
general weakness and malaise;
headache.

Scarlet fever is necessarily accompanied by angina - an acute inflammation of the tonsils. Angina with scarlet fever is difficult. Sore throat, perspiration, coughing accompany inflammation of the tonsils. The pharynx becomes bright red.

Scarlet fever is accompanied by a rash in the form of small dots. If you press on the rash, it becomes much clearer. When pressed harder, a golden yellow skin tone is visible. The rash appears in the early days of the illness. The main places of appearance of the rash are the cheeks, groin, sides of the torso, as well as the folds of the limbs, armpits. Significant in scarlet fever is the presence of a pale triangle without a rash in the area of the nose and lips.

The rash begins to disappear after 3-7 days without any traces of pigmentation.
At 2-4, the tongue acquires a bright crimson color and becomes pronounced granular. A bright blush on the cheeks is also pronounced.

At the final stage of the disease, active peeling of the skin occurs in the area of the palms and feet, then passes to the trunk, neck, ears.

A close relative of scarlet fever is angina, which can also cause a rash.

Scarlet fever treatment

Treatment of scarlet fever requires a systematic and serious approach, since the disease can cause significant complications. In the treatment of scarlet fever, antibiotics (penicillin and its derivatives) are used for a period of 7-10 days. Vitamins of group B and C are also prescribed. Additional treatment of individual symptoms is carried out. In case of severe intoxication, glucose and hemodez are prescribed intravenously. In case of illness, strict adherence to bed rest, abundant drinking is shown.

Re-infection with scarlet fever occurs very rarely (in 2-4% of cases) and is due to the fact that when using antibiotics, the body may not have time to develop antibodies to scarlet fever toxins.

Rubella

Cough and rash are symptoms of rubella, another infectious disease. Rubella is a viral disease that has a fairly long incubation period (15-24 days). In children, the course is quite easy, but it is very dangerous for pregnant women, especially at the beginning of pregnancy. After suffering rubella, the fetus has malformations of the heart, eyes, congenital deafness. Girls who have not had rubella should be vaccinated during adolescence.

The onset of the disease is accompanied by:

subfebrile temperature;
headache;
coughing or coughing;
pharyngitis;
rhinitis - symptoms of a common cold.

Of the specific symptoms - there is an increase in the posterior cervical and occipital lymph nodes and signs of conjunctivitis. After two days, a spotty rash appears that does not cause itching. The face is the first to suffer, within a few hours the rash covers the entire body. At first, the rash resembles a rash with bark, and then with scarlet fever. The rash has the size of a pinhead and is characterized by red and pink spots 2-3 mm in size. Individual spots can coalesce to form larger spots. The predominance of the rash is observed on the face, lower back, buttocks, extensor surfaces of the arms and legs. The rash begins to disappear after 2-4, sometimes 5-7 days. Pigmentation and flaking of the rash does not occur. Very often, the disease has erased forms.

The disease itself is not treated. Associated symptoms are treated.

Chicken pox

Another disease caused is chickenpox (chickenpox). Chickenpox can be safely called a childhood disease. The disease is highly contagious, but it goes away easily in children, almost never causing complications. However, sometimes chickenpox also occurs in adults who have not been ill in childhood, and brings a lot of inconvenience and discomfort. The disease in adults is difficult, and can cause serious complications.

Chickenpox is characterized by symptoms such as:

the appearance of weakness and lethargy;
increased body temperature;
headache;
the appearance of a specific rash in the form of small red spots.

The spots quickly fill with fluid and turn into itchy blisters. Sometimes with chickenpox, a cough also appears. The appearance of a cough signals a weakened immunity of the patient. In this case, we are talking about chickenpox pneumonia. In this case, the infection gets deep into the respiratory tract, and affects the trachea and bronchi. The cough can be mild or severe. The cough disappears with the attenuation of the general disease. Chickenpox is sick once. After illness, immunity appears.

The course of chickenpox can be mitigated by an antiviral drug such as acyclovir. Chickenpox usually does not cause complications. As long as there is a rash, the blisters should not be damaged in order to avoid infection in the wounds and the appearance of scars in their place in the future.

To forestall the high level of morbidity in kindergartens and schools, quarantine measures are being carried out. Compliance with sanitary and hygienic measures, frequent ventilation of premises, and wet cleaning contribute to a decrease in the incidence rate. Sick children are immediately isolated until the moment when the disease ceases to be contagious. The problem is that at the time of the onset of the symptoms of all these diseases, including the appearance of a rash with a cough, a sick child has time to infect his environment.

In conclusion, I would like to note that some of the above diseases, accompanied by coughs and rashes on the body, can be prevented by vaccination, others cannot. Most of them get sick in childhood, and this is even for the best, since adults suffer from "childhood diseases" hard.

Please note that cough is a symptom of many diseases, not only those listed above! 2 ratings, average: 3,00 out of 5)

Often, along with bronchospasm, symptoms arise that, it would seem, have nothing to do with them. One of these strange manifestations is a skin rash, a cough that torments a person, nevertheless, turns out to be associated with it. Sometimes there is also a temperature. What is the reason for the occurrence of such a symptom complex?

Dry cough and rash as signs of an allergic reaction

With a weakened immunity in the body, malfunctions can occur. Protective functions begin to turn on upon contact with substances that, in fact, do not pose any danger to him:

Pollen of plants.
Some products.
Dust.
Animal fur.

As a result of an inadequate reaction in people (especially children), a dry cough and a rash can appear at the same time. A runny nose is often added to the symptoms.

Without tests, it is extremely difficult to identify the cause of the hypersensitivity of the immune system. However, it is possible to analyze - after contact with what exactly such manifestations arose. Remove a possible irritant from everyday life or diet for a while.

If a dry cough and a rash on the body are caused by an allergen, the interaction with which was removed, then they should reduce their intensity. However, sometimes the cause of the negative reaction of the body was so strong that one exclusion of the stimulus was not enough, so the symptoms continue, and in addition, the back begins to itch due to the rash. In this case, doctors prescribe antihistamines.

Wet cough, fever, rash as symptoms of allergic bronchitis

Unpleasant manifestations can be caused by chronic lower respiratory tract disease. Although the main symptom of allergic bronchitis is sharp spastic exhalation, however, very often in its clinical picture, there is a productive cough, runny nose, fever, rash at the same time.

The reason for this is the multifaceted features of the course of the disease. One of the options for the clinical picture of the disease is as follows:

After exposure to a provocateur in a person with allergic bronchitis, reflex spasms of the respiratory tract begin. Most often they are at night, but they can haunt during the day.
At the same time, nasal congestion, snot, and skin pathologies appear.
There is a subfebrile temperature (up to 37.9 degrees).

The parallel appearance of bronchospasms and skin rashes is explained by the fact that very often (especially in children) allergic bronchitis occurs against the background of:

Neurodermatitis.
Epidermal diathesis.
Pollinosis.

Thus, rash, fever, cough, runny nose begin to appear at the same time.

As with normal allergies, the cause of the symptoms must be removed to reduce the intensity of symptoms. Also, first aid may consist in conducting steam inhalations, which soften the respiratory system.

Cough, rash, fever, as signs of an infectious process

Measles is considered one of the serious diseases that often cause unpleasant symptoms in children. Signs of this ailment may resemble the flu. Babies have:

Headache.
Weakness.
Runny nose.
Loss of interest in food.
Temperature.

A little later, there is a cough and a red rash. It does not itch. However, it can cover the entire body in a few days.

A week after the onset of the disease, symptoms begin to decrease in intensity. Rash, runny nose, cough, temperature gradually disappear. If there are no other complications, then the disease ends by itself and leaves no trace.

It should be remembered that when signs appear, the cause of which is unknown, you should definitely visit a doctor. This is especially true for those who have a child sick. The specialist will be able to quickly determine the cause of the disease and help get rid of coughs, rashes and other unpleasant manifestations.

The child has a fever, rash and cough, what could it be?

Answers:

Natalia

The rash is accompanied by several childhood infections - scarlet fever, measles, rubella, chickenpox ... In addition, the rash can be allergic. You cannot make a diagnosis in absentia. There may be a paramedic in the village. What if no one is there? Look at the state - knock down the high temperature (with medicines that are at hand or with vodka-vinegar rubdowns), treat coughs with home remedies, but if the temperature lasts for several days, you still cannot do without a doctor.

Scarlet fever or measles. Call a doctor. And as quickly as possible.

Hrushka

Parents are dumbass! Do not sit in the net, but call the doctor! A rash is not a very good sign. Call an ambulance!

Evgeniya Shugaeva

Didn't you call Ukraine?)

polinka =)

MoztChickenpox, rubella ASK THE DOCTOR! it can be dangerous! dangerous!

Oksana M

It may be necessary to go to the doctor, eh?

IRISHKA)))))))))))

It can be anything from allergies to childhood infections. The question is more likely to ask your doctor. Call an ambulance.

Lenochka

a rash may be from antipyretics, it is better to knock down the temperature (tsifekon) candles so they knock down the temperature and there will be no vomiting with a rash and a cough because the throat hurts in the same place.

Inca

urgently a doctor at home! and not to be engaged in fortune-telling ..

Alexander Evdonin

most likely chickenpox. an ambulance urgently and to bring down the temperature, wipe it off (if possible)
alcohol (the temperature goes down but be careful with the skin type))

The most common causes of a rash on a child's body, arms, face, legs, back, neck, abdomen

Any mother, seeing suspicious rashes on the skin of her baby, begins to look for their cause. Some almost always urgently call a doctor, having previously fed the child with unnecessary medications. Other parents try to ignore the rash, especially if the child is doing well. But both are doing wrong. You just need to navigate the main types of rashes in order to make the right decision.

What a rash might look like - basic elements

A spot is a limited area of skin with a changed color (red, white, and others). It does not protrude above the skin and cannot be felt.
A papule is a tubercle up to 0.5 cm in diameter that does not have a cavity inside. The element protrudes above the skin and can be felt.
A plaque is a mass with a large area, raised above the skin and having a flattened shape. Large plaques with a clear skin pattern are called lichenification.
Vesicles and bubbles are formations with fluid inside. Differ in size (a vesicle larger than 0.5 cm is called a bubble)
A pustule is a limited cavity with pus inside

Diseases accompanied by a rash

Rash in newborns

Rashes of toxic erythema affect half of all full-term newborns. The main elements are white-yellow papules or pustules with a diameter of 1 to 2 mm, surrounded by a red rim. In some cases, only red spots appear, from a few to almost complete skin lesions (except for the palms and feet). The maximum rash appears on the 2nd day of life, then the rash gradually disappears. The exact causes of toxic erythema are unknown, the rash goes away on its own.

A condition that 20% of all babies go through by the age of three weeks. On the face, less often on the scalp and on the neck, a rash occurs in the form of inflamed papules and pustules. The rash is caused by the activation of the sebaceous glands by maternal hormones. Most often, neonatal acne does not require treatment; careful hygiene and moisturizing with emollients is necessary. Unlike juvenile acne, neonatal acne does not leave behind spots and scars, it lasts up to 6 months.

Frequent rash in newborns, especially in the warm season (see treatment of prickly heat in children). It is associated with the difficult release of the contents of the sweat glands and increased skin moisture when wrapped. The head, face and diaper rash areas are considered typical places of occurrence. Bubbles, blemishes, and pustules are rarely inflamed, uncomfortable, and go away with good care.

The synonym for this disease is atopic eczema or neurodermatitis. Every 10 children suffer from this ailment, but not everyone develops the typical triad of symptoms. The triad includes allergic rhinitis, bronchial asthma and eczema itself.

The first signs of the disease appear in the first year of life and more often the rash appears on the face, cheeks, extensor surfaces of the arms and legs. The child is worried about unbearable itching, which intensifies at night and with temperature, chemical effects on the skin. In the acute stage, the rash looks like red papules with scratches and fluid discharge.

In the subacute period, peeling of the skin is characteristic, sometimes its thickening. This is due to the constant scratching of the affected areas.

Most children get sick with this ailment without consequences.
Only with a hereditary predisposition can the disease become chronic with the addition of asthma and allergic rhinitis (see treatment of atopic dermatitis in children).

To reduce rashes and itching of the skin, it is recommended to reduce bathing time, contact with hard tissues, and treat the skin with emollients (moisturizing creams) as often as possible. In severe cases, especially if the skin itches unbearably, ointments with a hormonal component are used (see the list of hormonal ointments).

Allergic rash

With individual intolerance to drugs and food, the child may develop allergic rashes. They come in various shapes and sizes, and the rash can spread all over the body, on the arms, legs, back, or abdomen. The main distinguishing feature of an allergic rash is its intensification under the action of an allergen and disappearance after the cancellation of the latter. Usually, severe itching is the only unpleasant effect of such rashes.

Quincke's edema - in rare cases, a severe reaction of the body to an allergen can occur, most often it occurs to drugs or products (see more Quincke's edema). In this case, the rash lasts for a long time, and edema forms on the body, up to the inability to breathe due to the overlap of the larynx. With a family predisposition to allergies, it is necessary to exclude intolerable foods and medicines.
Urticaria - can also occur on foods, medicines and under the influence of temperature factors (cold allergy, sun allergy), sometimes the cause of the urticaria is never found (see more details on the symptoms of urticaria).

Very often, traces of insect bites terrify parents and make them look for infectious causes of such rashes. If any skin rashes appear, you need to analyze where and how long the child spent time. Perhaps the weekend in the village with my grandmother was accompanied by a trip to the forest and a massive attack of midges, so most often bite marks appear on open areas of the skin - in the form of a rash on the arms, legs, face, and on the neck.

Typical bite marks are caused by the following processes:

reaction to toxins
mechanical injury to the skin
introducing infection into the wound when scratching
sometimes infectious diseases transmitted through bites

Bite symptoms:

Mosquitoes	Bedbugs
First a red blister Then - a dense papule that remains for several hours or days Sometimes blister or extensive redness with swelling	Itchy, linear papules They usually occur at night There is a small bruise in the center of the rash
Bees and wasps	Scabies mites
Pain, redness, and swelling at the site of the bite Bees leave a sting Sometimes a bubble forms With an allergic tendency, urticaria and Quincke's edema are possible.	Severe itching, worse at night Red papules and passages Location in the interdigital spaces, on the genitals, between the mammary glands, on the flexor surfaces

A rash in a child in which you need to call a doctor immediately

Is accompanied by a fever above 40 degrees
Covers the whole body, causing unbearable itching
Combines with vomiting, headache, and confusion
Has the appearance of stellate hemorrhages
Is accompanied by swelling and shortness of breath

What can not be done with a rash in a child

Squeeze out pustules
Burst bubbles
Allow rash to comb
Lubricate with preparations with a bright color (so as not to complicate the diagnosis)

A rash on the body of a child is an important symptom of many diseases. Some of them do not even require treatment and go away on their own, and some threaten the health and life of a little person. Therefore, for any suspicious symptoms, you need to consult a doctor and not self-medicate.

Rash caused by infection

The most common cause of a child's body rash is a viral or bacterial infection. In turn, 6 main diseases are distinguished among them.

The disease is caused by parvovirus B19, which is common in all countries of the world. The virus is transmitted by airborne droplets, contact transmission is possible in close children's groups. Symptoms of infectious erythema:

The rash forms on the extensor surfaces, and the hands and feet are usually not affected. The fading of the spots occurs gradually, over a period of 1-3 weeks. The rash is usually an immune post-infectious complication, so children with erythema patches are not contagious and do not need isolation.

Herpes simplex virus type 6 causes a typical childhood illness - sudden exanthema (roseola). The peak incidence occurs between the ages of 10 months and 2 years, and it is rarely possible to identify contacts with sick children. Transmission usually occurs from adults by airborne droplets. Symptoms:

Roseola is a very specific disease, but it often goes unrecognized by pediatricians. Since teeth are actively teething at the age of 1 year, the fever is attributed to this condition. It must be remembered that teething never causes a temperature higher than 38 degrees. There is always another reason in this heat!

Chicken pox

Chickenpox (chickenpox) is a primary infection with the varicella zoster virus, which is similar in structure to the herpes simplex virus. Most children become infected with it before the age of 15. The transmission of the disease occurs by air or by contact (a virus is present in the discharge from the rash). Symptoms:

The varicella-zoster virus in most children who have been ill goes into a latent form, firmly entrenched in nerve cells. Subsequently, a second wave of the disease may occur in the form of shingles (Fig. 2), when bubbles form along the nerve trunk, more often on the lower back.

Complications of the disease are rare, mainly in debilitated children with primary immunodeficiency and AIDS. With congenital chickenpox, there is a possibility of disability and death of the newborn. In 2015, in Russia, the chickenpox vaccine should be included in the national vaccination schedule.

Meningococcal infection

Meningococcus is a bacterium that normally occurs in the nasopharynx in 5-10% of people without causing serious problems. But under certain conditions, this microbe can cause life-threatening conditions, especially in young children. Meningococcus is transmitted by air, settling in the nasal cavity. In case of viral infections or a decrease in the quality of life, the carrier can turn into an active disease. If meningococci are found in the blood or cerebrospinal fluid, urgent antibiotic treatment is required in the intensive care unit.

After entering the bloodstream, the bacterium can cause:

sepsis (blood poisoning)
meningitis
combination of these states

Sepsis - the disease begins with a rise in temperature up to 41 degrees, indomitable vomiting. During the first day, against the background of pale gray skin, a characteristic petechial rash appears (small bruises that grow and acquire a stellate shape).

The rash is located on the limbs, trunk, can rise above the skin, often ulcerate and form scars. At the same time, purulent foci may appear in organs (heart, pericardium, pleural cavity). In young children, sepsis often flares up with shock and death.

Meningitis is a more common manifestation of infection. Patients complain of photophobia, headache, impaired consciousness, tension in the occipital muscles. With isolated meningitis, there is no characteristic rash.

Measles

Measles is a previously common viral disease that now occurs in short outbreaks in selected regions. In recent years, the virus has raised its head again due to massive anti-vaccine campaigning. Most people are highly susceptible to the measles virus, so if one child falls ill in a children's team, then 90% of the remaining unvaccinated children are at risk of becoming infected.

The disease proceeds in three stages:

Incubation (hidden), which lasts 10-12 days. By the 9th day, the sick child is contagious.
Prodromal (general malaise), lasting 3-5 days. It begins acutely, proceeds with an increase in temperature, dry cough, runny nose, redness of the eyes. Filatov-Koplik spots appear on the mucous membrane of the cheeks on day 2: whitish-gray dots with a red rim, disappearing within 12-18 hours.
The period of rashes. In parallel with an increase in temperature to 40 degrees, maculopapular points appear behind the ears and along the hairline. During the day, the rash covers the face, descends to the upper chest. After 2-3 days, it reaches the feet, and turns pale on the face. Such a phased rash (1 day - face, 2 day - trunk, 3 day - limbs) is typical for measles. All this is accompanied by mild itching, sometimes small bruises appear at the site of the rash. After the spots disappear, peeling and a brownish mark may remain, which disappears within 7-10 days.

Complications (usually occur in unvaccinated children):

otitis media
pneumonia
encephalitis (inflammation of the brain)

The diagnosis is usually made by characteristic symptoms, sometimes blood is taken to determine immunoglobulins. Treatment directly against the virus has not been developed, so you just need to alleviate the child's condition with antipyretic drugs. There is evidence that vitamin A supplementation in children with measles can significantly alleviate the infection. Vaccination of children can reduce the incidence of illness and the risk of serious complications. It must be remembered that on the 6-10th day after the administration of the vaccine, alleviated symptoms of the disease (low temperature, small rash on the child's body) may appear, which pass quickly and do not pose a health hazard.

Rubella

Acute viral infection, which is sick mainly for 5-15 years. Rubella symptoms:

The latent period is from 2 to 3 weeks. There are no manifestations at this stage, but the child may already be contagious.
Prodromal period. There is a slight malaise, a low rise in temperature, very often this stage goes unnoticed. The occipital and posterior cervical lymph nodes are noticeably enlarged.
The period of rashes. A pale pink rash appears on the face, spreads quickly downward, and disappears just as quickly, usually after 3 days. May be accompanied by mild itching. Peeling usually does not remain.

Rubella often occurs without a rash at all, making it difficult to distinguish it from other infections. The virus is dangerous mainly for expectant mothers. When infected before 11 weeks of gestation, most children have congenital malformations. After 16 weeks, the risk of anomalies is low, but there is a possibility of congenital rubella with damage to the brain, skin, eyes, hearing loss - hearing loss. Therefore, when planning a pregnancy, all women need to know the level of rubella antibodies in order to vaccinate them if they are absent.

Scarlet fever

Scarlet fever is a disease caused by group A streptococci. This means that the source of infection is not only patients or carriers of scarlet fever, but also people with any pathology caused by these bacteria (angina, for example). Scarlet fever is transmitted by airborne droplets. Symptoms:

The latent period is 2-7 days.
The prodromal period begins with a rise in temperature, acute sore throat, and malaise.
Already for 1-2 days of illness, a rash appears that does not affect the nasolabial triangle. The appearance of a child with scarlet fever is characteristic: shiny eyes, flaming cheeks, pale nasolabial triangle. On the body, the rash is more intense in the folds. After 3-7 days, all rashes disappear, leaving behind peeling. Another feature of the disease is the "crimson" tongue - bright, with pronounced papillae.

Infectious mononucleosis

The Epstein-Barr virus, which causes infectious mononucleosis in children, belongs to a large group of herpes viruses. The disease more often affects children and young people, often without a rash and other characteristic symptoms. The degree of infectiousness of patients with mononucleosis is low, therefore, outbreaks are not found in children's groups. Symptoms:

The main symptom of the disease is an enlargement of the lymph nodes, especially the posterior cervical, while the liver and spleen enlarge at the same time.
From the 3rd day of illness, the appearance of tonsillitis with a white coating on the tonsils, a rise in temperature is possible.
On the 5-6th day, a rash, which is different in shape and size, rarely occurs, disappears without a trace. If a patient with mononucleosis was prescribed ampicillin, then the likelihood of a rash increases.
A characteristic sign will appear in the blood test: atypical mononuclear cells, in addition, antibodies to the Epstein-Barr virus can be detected.

Differential diagnosis of an infectious rash

	Hidden period	Symptoms	Rash			The period of infectiousness and vaccination
	Hidden period	Symptoms	View	Time and order of appearance	Traces	The period of infectiousness and vaccination
Measles	10-12days	significant temperature rise dry cough-conjunctivitis and photophobia high fever rash	Large maculopapular, bright, can merge	After 3-5 days of illness - behind the ears, along the hair. Then it goes down to the feet (in three days)	Bruising and peeling	4 days before the first rashes and up to 5 days after they disappear. Vaccination - at 1 year old, 6 years old
Rubella	2-3 weeks	slight temperature rise malaise - sometimes arthritis	Small spotted, pale pink	On the first day of illness on the face, after 24-48 hours - all over the body, disappears after 3 days.	Disappears without a trace	Infection during the period of rashes, a few days before and after them. Vaccination -12 months, 6 years
Scarlet fever	2-7 days	intoxication, fever-sore throat swollen lymph nodes bright tongue	Small-dot (1-2 mm), bright	Simultaneous rash, intense rash in the folds of the body. Pale nasolabial triangle.	Leaves peeling	infectiousness 10 days from the moment of onset of symptoms, with streptococcus carriage - constant infectiousness
Infectious mononucleosis	Unknown	swollen lymph nodes enlargement of the liver and spleen	Diverse in shape and size, does not always occur	On the 5-6th day of illness, sometimes later. More intense on the face, but also present on the trunk	Disappears without a trace	The virus has a low infectivity, is transmitted more often when using shared utensils and kissing
Infectious erythema	4-28 days	malaise sometimes arthritis	Red spots	Red spots from the face extend to the entire body, especially to the extensor surfaces. Before disappearing, they take the form of a ring with a white center.	Disappear for a long time, may reappear within 3 weeks under unfavorable conditions	Children are usually not contagious after the rash appears.
5-15 days	a sharp rise in temperature disappearance of fever after 3 days sometimes sore throat	Fine spotted	Spots appear after the temperature on the body has returned to normal.	Disappear within a few hours or days without a trace	Infection more often occurs from adults - carriers of the herpes virus type 6
Chicken pox	10-21 days	malaise headache and abdominal pain (sometimes) heat up to 38 degrees	Spots, papules, fluid blisters and crusts.	The beginning is on the scalp, face, trunk. Then it spreads to the whole body. Different elements of the rash are present at the same time.	there are no traces, but if an infection is introduced when scratching - scars may remain	48 hours before the onset of the rash and before the formation of crusts on all elements (up to 2 weeks) It is planned to include in the vaccination calendar in 2015.
Meningococcal sepsis	-	sharp deterioration fever headache pain and vomiting confusion	From small bruises to extensive hemorrhages	More often - the lower limbs and trunk.	Extensive hemorrhages can develop into ulcers and scars.	Throughout the illness

All parents have at least once experienced skin rashes in their baby. How serious are these conditions and what should be done when they appear? The need to take remedial action will depend on whether the child has a rash all over the body or is localized in one area, and what additional symptoms accompany it.

Types of skin rashes in children

According to the form in which the rash appears on the child's body, they distinguish:

spots - areas of skin that differ from the surrounding cover in color, for example, red, pink or pale and colorless;
vesicles - small vesicles with serous fluid;
blisters - develop on the skin due to acute inflammation, for example, with urticaria;
bubbles - formations with a large cavity;
abscesses, or pustules - pimples on the skin containing pus;
papules - nodules on the surface of the skin without internal cavities;
bumps on the skin - formations without a cavity of red-yellow, cyanotic shades.

In each case of a rash, the child should be shown to the doctor. So, only an experienced specialist will be able to accurately determine whether a red rash in a child on the body is a symptom of rubella, erythema or an allergic reaction. Parents should not immediately begin to self-medicate the baby, because the fight for clean skin will be effective only when the pathogen that caused irritation is identified.

Causes of a rash on the body

All the variety of reasons in which children develop skin rashes can be divided into the following groups:

manifestation of an infectious disease that is caused by:
- viral pathogen - measles, rubella, chickenpox, mononucleosis;
- bacteria - scarlet fever;
an allergic reaction that has developed from food, hygiene products, or contact dermatitis;
reaction to insect bites and mechanical damage to the skin;
A small bleeding rash that reflects bleeding problems, such as with meningococcal meningitis.

Allergy rash

The modern world is literally full of factors that can greatly irritate the delicate baby skin. A rash all over the body of a child, as an allergic reaction, is a frequent phenomenon, and it can manifest itself in different ways: spots, pimples, small bubbles. As for localization in the body, foci of irritation can appear on a wide variety of skin areas. So, often with food allergies, a rash is observed on the back and abdomen of a child, and with a reaction due to the material of clothing, the rash can cover the arms, shoulders, legs and even the feet of the baby.

Why, even in cases where the mother has no doubts that her baby is sprinkled because of the food, it is necessary to consult a doctor? You need to understand that an allergic rash in a child is only an external expression of the body's reaction to a pathogen. At the same time, with severe allergies, malfunctions of internal organs may occur and even Quincke's edema may develop. A doctor's examination of irritated skin will help prevent possible negative consequences, and prescribed medications will help relieve itching and irritation. Also, the doctor will exclude the development of an infectious disease in the baby.

After being bitten by an insect

A rash in children when they are out of town in the summer, and even after a usual walk in the park, is a very frequent phenomenon. Mosquito, midge or ant bites often leave marks that itch a lot and can be visible on the skin for several days. In most cases, such irritations can be prevented by using mosquito nets, fumigators, protective aerosols.

The sting of a bee, wasp or hornet will deliver much more trouble to the child. These insects pierce the skin with a sting and inject poison into the body, which causes severe pain, swelling, and swelling. Such bites are also dangerous because if a child develops an allergy after a bite, the rash can quickly spread throughout the body, causing severe itching and pain. At the same time, breathing disorders, fainting and even anaphylactic shock are possible. For these reasons, in the event of a bite, he must be examined, the sting removed, the child should be given an antihistamine and his condition should be monitored.

Childhood diseases with skin rashes

Diseases that manifest themselves in this way can be very different in nature. Some go away on their own even without any treatment, without particularly changing the baby's well-being, while others are dangerous with their complications and severe consequences, including death. Check out the information about what diseases a rash on the child's body may indicate.

Disease	Symptoms
Chicken pox	Many bubbles of chickenpox appear all over the body. They itch a lot, after a while they become crusted.
	The rash appears along with fever and cold symptoms. Rashes from the face spread throughout the body, and after 5 days they begin to peel off and disappear.
Rubella	For several days, the child has a fever, cough, throat twitching. Then, behind the ears, on the face, and then - throughout the body, a small-point rash appears. The number of red dots begins to decrease after 3 days.
Scarlet fever	The ailment begins with fever, redness and sore throat. Then red spots appear on the child's body. They are often found in places where the body naturally folds: in the groin, armpits, bends of the elbows and knees. A small-point rash appears on the face, with the exception of the nasolabial triangle.
	With this disease, pink spots appear first on the face, and then on the arms and legs, which grow and merge into one spot. The rash disappears within 10 days.
	The infection proceeds with a very high temperature, a red rash spreads over the body slightly above the skin level.
	Small blisters with liquid appear on the lips and skin near them, which gradually becomes cloudy, then the rash dries up.

Meningitis	There is a purple, asterisk-like subcutaneous rash that does not disappear with pressure. This is how bleeding from small vessels appears, which occurs with this disease. The baby's neck muscles tense, the temperature rises, drowsiness and photophobia appear. Seeing at least one of these signs, you need to urgently take the child to the hospital. With meningitis, children who do not receive timely medical care can die within 24 hours.

Infant rash

In the infant's body, active hormonal changes take place in the first weeks after birth, and evidence of this can often be seen on his skin. So, many parents are forced to see a doctor by a rash on the body of a newborn, which is called prickly heat. This is a common occurrence in infants. At high temperatures, their sweat glands actively secrete sweat, and in places of natural folds of the skin (in the groin, under the arms), often a small reddish rash appears on the face and buttocks. Skin feels damp when touched.

Sweating is not a dangerous ailment and passes over time, but it must be remembered that exposure to factors such as being in too hot clothes or in a wet diaper can provoke diaper rash in a baby. When caring for a newborn, mothers need to be very careful, to notice changes in the rashes. It is also necessary to take into account the fact that often the smallest may develop allergies to food, hygiene products, and clothing materials. At this age, when their immunity is being formed, it is especially necessary to protect children from external stimuli.

What to do if your child has a rash

If the baby's body is covered with a rash, it is necessary to immediately assess whether he has signs of infection, for example, high fever, vomiting, diarrhea, sore throat. Next, it is determined whether the rash on the whole body of the child is located or localized in some areas of the skin, and what it looks like: in the form of spots, bubbles with liquid, purulent formations, etc.

Such an examination will help you understand how urgently you need to show your baby to a doctor. Even if you are sure that a skin rash is an allergy after being eaten, consult a specialist anyway. The doctor, having compared all the available signs and symptoms, will dispel your fears or will begin to treat the disease in time. If an infection is suspected, it is better to call the doctor at home, and, if possible, isolate the sick child in a separate room. Before the arrival of the doctor, it is advisable not to treat irritation with medications, so as not to complicate the diagnosis.

Video: skin rashes in children

A rash on the child's legs and arms without fever, with fever, itches, does not itch

Children are the most beloved, defenseless people. It is on adults that sometimes the health of the baby depends. They need our attention first of all. Children's skin is still imperfect and very susceptible to various infections. So, the appearance of a rash on the hands and feet can be an innocent manifestation, or it can be a signal of a dangerous disease. Below we will consider for what reason a rash may appear in a child and how to act in this situation.

Rash - what is it?

What is such a phenomenon? A rash is pathological changes in the skin, mucous membranes, which differ from normal skin in appearance, structure, and color. It can be primary and secondary, that is, appear on the site of previous rashes. The combination of primary and secondary elements determine the picture of the rash in the disease. It may be a reaction to some allergen, or it may turn out that the rash is a sign of a disease.

Views

It turns out that rashes are of a different nature and type. Allocate primary and secondary eruptions. This is a rash on a child's legs and arms:

The tubercles do not have a cavity, they are located deep in the dermis, up to 1 cm in diameter. At the same time, the color and relief of the skin is excellent. They can leave behind scars, develop into ulcers.
Blisters - no cavity, have a blurry outline and pink color. They appear due to edema of the papillary layer of the dermis. They pass without a trace, itch.
Papules or nodules have no cavity. It may be inflamed or not, the color is changed. They pass without leaving a trace.

Bubbles - have a bottom, a tire, a cavity. After they are opened, erosion can form.
Pustules or pustules - have pus inside. They can be superficial or deep.
Roseola has irregular pink spots. When the skin is stretched, the stain disappears.

If the rash appears a second time, then:

Scarring.
Abrasions.
Cracks.
Scales.
Erosion.
Ulcers.

Diagnostics

If a rash appears on a child's legs and arms, an urgent need to seek help from a pediatrician and a dermatologist. First, the doctor must carefully examine:

Form.
Colour.
Quantity.
The nature of the rash.
Localization of the rash is also important.

The presence or absence of a febrile condition.
What infectious diseases have been transferred.
What are the hereditary ailments.
Allergy tendency.
Photosensitivity.

As a rule, the rash is not an underlying disease, but is a symptom of a disease. She acts as a sign that a malfunction has occurred in the body. To establish the cause of this manifestation, the doctor prescribes tests. First of all, a blood and urine test. It is also possible to analyze the secretion of abscesses. After examination and analysis, the doctor prescribes treatment. What could be the reasons that the child has a rash on the legs and arms?

Sources of the problem

For a child's body, a rash is a very important symptom of the manifestation of certain diseases, therefore, it is important to consult a doctor. The reasons may be as follows:

If the rash accompanies an infectious disease, the body temperature will certainly rise. There are other signs, these can be:

Cough.
Rhinitis.
Sore throat.

Let's look at some of the diseases that are accompanied, in addition to the rash, also with fever.

Fever rash

When an infection enters the body, its first reaction is temperature. Skin rashes can appear with or without fever. There are several infectious diseases that are a symptom of a rash.

This group includes:

Chickenpox.
Rubella.
Scarlet fever.
Measles.
Enterovirus infection.
Meningococcemia.

Each disease has its own characteristics of the spread of rashes.

This is especially true of childhood diseases. Consider which of them the child's rash appears on the legs and arms, as well as on the body and face.

Chickenpox

This disease occurs most often in children. They don't get vaccinated against her. The first sign of this disease is the appearance of red spots, which very quickly turn into the stage of blisters. In addition to blisters on the face, head, body, there is also a rash on the child's legs and arms. The temperature is elevated, for some time the baby may experience weakness, headache.

If the blister is ripped off, then scars remain. The main problem of this disease is that the child's rash on the arms and legs itches, there is a risk of infection. The doctor may prescribe medications to relieve itching.

Rubella

This disease occurs with fever. In older children, joint pains, general intoxication are possible. Rashes are shown on the 1st day or on the second day. First - on the face, neck, torso, then a small rash spreads in the child on the arms and legs, mainly on the folds. The younger the child, the easier this disease progresses.

However, adolescents may have complications such as encephalitis, meningoencephalitis. This disease is especially dangerous for pregnant women, fetal malformations are possible. Vaccination is also prohibited in immunocompromised patients. However, rubella is easier than scarlet fever.

Measles

A dangerous infectious disease, easily transmitted by air with minor contact with the carrier of the infection.

There is a vaccine against measles. This disease is accompanied by intoxication of the body. There are symptoms characteristic of a cold - cough, watery eyes, sneezing. The temperature rises to high values. The rash begins with the mucous membrane of the cheeks, then goes to the face, the whole body, to the limbs (in the form of papules that rise above the skin). Dangerous complications in the bronchi, can cause pneumonia.

Scarlet fever

This is an infectious disease transmitted by airborne droplets, through dirty hands and objects. It begins with a sore throat, chills. Then a small rash appears on the child's arms and legs with fever. Most often in the places where the arms and legs bend. Then the rash spreads to the face, neck, trunk. The source of the rash is streptococcus. The throat begins to ache, which is very similar to a viral infection. The main thing for the definition is the language. It will be crimson.

As soon as the temperature begins to decrease, lamellar peeling of the skin of the hands and feet begins. With this disease, it is very important to observe bed rest and drinking. Antibiotics are required for treatment. Complications in the heart and kidneys are possible.

Enterovirus infection

Preschool children are susceptible to these diseases. A rash appears on the child's legs and arms without fever. She usually does not itch.

The child may be healthy or there is a rise in temperature to insignificant rates within one or two days. This is due to imperfection, the sensitivity of children's skin.

Meningococcemia

This is a very dangerous disease. The temperature rises to high values in a short period of time. A rash appears on the child's legs and arms (does not itch) in the form of irregular hemorrhages, and there is also a rash on the buttocks. If such rashes are found, you need to urgently call a doctor and assign the child to intensive care.

Hemorrhagic vasculitis

This disease is characterized by a rash in the child's arms and legs with a temperature, mainly in the area of the folds. Initially, small bubbles or lumps appear, then the rash turns red, takes on a rusty color and completely disappears. It is believed that the disease can be caused by allergies, trauma, and be the result of acute infectious diseases such as tonsillitis, pharyngitis. It is accompanied by an increase in temperature, joint pain. With a lightning-fast course of this disease, a lethal outcome is possible. It is necessary to carefully consider the treatment.

Rash of non-infectious origin with itching

There are a number of diseases in which the rash itches a lot. For example, with scabies, a child's rash appears on the legs and arms without fever, most often on the folds between the fingers. She usually itches a lot, especially at night. Also, with helminthiasis, the rash itches.

The presence of fungus on the skin in children is one of the causes of rashes in the form of blisters, erosions, and red spots. The places of localization of the fungus, as a rule, are on the legs, palms, feet, wrists. The rash spreads especially quickly on moist areas of the skin. It can be easily transmitted through contact with an infected object. Especially often, infections occur in places where the environment is humid (shower, bathroom). The disease is accompanied by severe itching without fever.

Small rash without itching

If a small rash appears on the child's arms and legs, it does not itch, perhaps pseudotuberculosis is at the initial stage of development. This disease is transmitted by rodents - after contact with things to which they had access. This disease appears in children very rarely, but still it exists.

If a baby was born with congenital syphilis, has been infected in utero, the rash may appear from time to time without bothering him. These are papules with a pustular core. Such rashes are not accompanied by itching and fever.

Also, a small rash can be the result of an inherited infectious disease such as psoriasis. In children under 2 years of age, it is rare, however, at an older age, the risk of development, having heredity, is quite possible. It begins with a small rash in the form of round and oval dry plaques of a red-pink color, peeling is noticeable on top. It spreads over large areas of the skin, in the area of the knees, elbows, head - this is a characteristic sign of psoriasis. This type of rash does not itch. In infants, it may appear and pass, and at an older age, it may return again.

Allergic reaction

With allergic dermatitis, in addition to rashes on the face, trunk, there may be a rash on the child's legs and arms. The photos clearly demonstrate the manifestation of an allergic reaction. Rashes can be present both on a small area of the skin and on an extensive one. As a rule, accompanying signs are peeling and severe itching. At the same time, the body temperature remains within the normal range, the intoxication of the body does not occur. Such a reaction is possible to food, household chemicals, medications.

If a child has allergies, you need to be extremely careful with allergens, exclude them, if possible, from the diet, as there is a risk of Quincke's edema. Respiratory arrest, laryngeal edema are possible.

Urticaria - a small rash - can be a reaction to temperature factors, cold, sun.

What not to do if a child has a rash

First of all, it is strictly forbidden in situations where you saw rashes on your baby's body:

Squeeze out pustules.
Burst bubbles.
Treat with brilliant green or other means before examining a doctor.
Self-medicate.

If the rash on your child's arms and legs itches, do not let the child scratch it.

If a rash is detected, it is necessary to limit contact with others, as the disease can be contagious.

As we saw earlier, a rash can be an important symptom or result of a disease. A doctor's examination is mandatory to establish the correct diagnosis and prescribe the appropriate treatment in order to exclude possible complications.

Therapy

Treatment of rashes is, first of all, elimination of the disease that caused them. In case of infectious ailments, it is recommended to adhere to bed rest, take antipyretics, antihistamines, and treat rashes. If necessary, antibiotics are prescribed (to exclude the development of side effects).

Allergy sufferers must be monitored by an allergist. You need to eliminate allergens from your diet. And you should also follow the doctor's prescriptions, take antihistamines or glucocorticosteroids. In case of fungal diseases or scabies, supervision by a dermatologist is necessary.

Preventing rashes

The skin in childhood is not yet adapted to the manifestations of the external environment, therefore it requires special attention and care. First of all, you must follow the rules of hygiene.

Parents should make sure that all necessary vaccinations against dangerous diseases are received.

If your baby suffers from a manifestation of allergies, be sure to see an allergist. Proper treatment, observation will help the child outgrow this difficult period. Eliminate allergens from your baby's diet.

Strengthen the child's immunity so that he can easily and without consequences fight diseases.

Do not ignore the rash that appears, even a minor one.

The child has a rash and fever

Different types of rash can be a manifestation of viral and bacterial infections in a child. Rashes with an infectious nature are in second place after allergic rashes.

Signs of an infectious process are both the rash itself and diarrhea, fever in the child, as well as cough, runny nose. The child may feel general weakness, refuse to eat, complain of abdominal pain. If a child has a rash accompanied by at least one of these symptoms, then it is imperative to show it to the pediatrician.

Viral rash

If the rash is caused by measles, chickenpox, infectious erythema, or rubella, parents can independently determine the cause. But with a nonspecific small rash and temperature, this is difficult to do. Usually, a viral rash at a temperature appears first on the face and trunk, and then spreads to the legs and arms. Another common infection is roseola infantum. It is manifested by a high temperature that lasts up to eight days. Then the child's high fever is replaced by a rash in the form of flat pink spots. They appear on the back, abdomen and chest, and then on the legs and arms.

No specific treatment for roseola in babies is required. If the temperature is too high, it is enough to give the crumbs an antipyretic.

Bacterial rash

Among the bacterial infections that provoke a rash after a high fever in a child, the most common are impetigo and scarlet fever. With scarlet fever, the rash is small, red. It usually appears on the cheeks, arms and legs, but almost never on the skin between the upper lip and nose. Scarlet fever is contagious, so a sick child needs to be isolate faster. Treatment is with antibiotics.

With impetigo, the rash affects the skin around the nose and mouth. The rash is red, raised bumps with pus and a yellowish crust on top. This contagious disease is treated with antibiotic creams under the supervision of a physician.

In order to exclude or correctly diagnose the disease that caused the rash in a young child, do not ignore the visit to the pediatrician. The disease can be not only contagious, but also cause a number of serious complications.

And finally, do not allow your baby to scratch the skin. Even common chickenpox can cause scars and pockmarks on the face and body. And complexes about appearance are not needed by anyone.

Many infectious diseases, usually occurring in childhood, but sometimes occurring in adults, are accompanied by the simultaneous presence of symptoms such as cough and rash.

A rash on the body of a child is a symptom of infectious diseases such as measles, scarlet fever, rubella, chickenpox.

With a cough and a rash without fever, one can suspect an allergic reaction to various irritants, such as: pollen, animal hair, food, dusty air, medications.

Let's try to understand the symptoms of the above-described infectious diseases and decide how not to make a mistake with the diagnosis.

Measles

In addition to catarrhal phenomena, there is:

general malaise;
weakness;
swelling of the eyelids and redness of the conjunctiva;
hyperemia (overflow with blood) of the pharynx;
the appearance of red spots on the soft and hard palate.

The rash begins to diminish from the fourth day of illness. The temperature drops to normal. The rash begins to darken, its pigmentation appears, and peeling occurs. Pigmentation takes 7-10 days.

Measles treatment must be taken with full responsibility. The disease is fraught with complications such as:

laryngitis;
laryngeal stenosis;
trazeobronchitis;
otitis;
pneumonia;
measles encephalitis;
hepatitis and others.

Measles treatment

There are no specific drugs for the treatment of measles. Vaccination can prevent illness or noticeably alleviate symptoms. After illness, a stable immunity is developed.

For itchy skin, daily rinsing of the body and washing with a solution with synthetic tannin are used.

During illness, the use of vitamin A is indicated.

Scarlet fever

Scarlet fever also mainly affects children. The causative agent of the disease is group A hemolytic streptococcus.

The disease is accompanied by both general intoxication of the body and the appearance of a rash and other severe symptoms.

Symptoms of body poisoning with toxins will be:

high temperature;
general weakness and malaise;
headache.

The rash begins to disappear after 3-7 days without any traces of pigmentation.
At 2-4, the tongue acquires a bright crimson color and becomes pronounced granular. A bright blush on the cheeks is also pronounced.

At the final stage of the disease, active peeling of the skin occurs in the area of the palms and feet, then passes to the trunk, neck, ears.

A close relative of scarlet fever, which can also cause a rash.

Scarlet fever treatment

Re-infection with scarlet fever occurs very rarely (in 2-4% of cases) and is due to the fact that when the body may not have time to develop antibodies to the toxins of scarlet fever.

Rubella

The onset of the disease is accompanied by:

subfebrile temperature;
headache;
coughing or coughing;
pharyngitis;
rhinitis - symptoms of a common cold.

The disease itself is not treated. Associated symptoms are treated.

Chicken pox

Chickenpox is characterized by symptoms such as:

the appearance of weakness and lethargy;
increased body temperature;
headache;
the appearance of a specific rash in the form of small red spots.

Please note that many diseases, not only those listed above! 2 ratings, mean: 3,00 out of 5)