When aggression is manifested in men, the reasons for this phenomenon can be very different - from a natural reaction to a stressful situation to somatic and mental pathology. In some cases, aggressiveness can be isolated, in others it becomes a part of the personality, a disease that turns the life of the aggressor and those around him into a heavy burden, full of fear and danger.
What is aggression
This phenomenon is viewed from a variety of points of view. Its definition is present in jurisprudence, psychology, psychiatry. Aggressive behavior, including human behavior, is dealt with by the young science of ethology, which studies animal behavior. A person comes to the attention of ethologists as a bearer of a huge set of instincts inherited from a long line of ancestors of different evolutionary stages of the formation and development of the species Homo sapiens.
Aggression is a fit of anger. This anger can be triggered by external factors. In this case, the aggression is called motivated. Most often, it is a consequence of a strong fear that appeared when there was a real threat to life, health or the integrity of property.
Unmotivated aggression manifests itself as inappropriate behavior that has no real reason. Hence its name.
Ethologists believe that fear is the main cause of any aggression. In some cases, it arises in the form of an adequate response to a real situation. In other cases, outbursts of aggression represent unmotivated impulses to throw negative emotions onto a convenient object.
Oddly enough, but any form of aggression, even the most irrational, has its own reason. Sharply manifested rage allows a person to react to danger in time, avoiding negative consequences. Moreover, the reaction can be anything. A person can run away, attack with unprecedented strength, frighten or even kill the enemy. This rational expression of anger is salutary.
Irrational aggression also has its own meaning. Usually it is a way of self-affirmation in communities where there is a formal or social hierarchy. However, aggression can be a manifestation of mental illness or promiscuity of a person in power.
Male aggression and its features
It is believed that uncontrolled aggression is most inherent in men. However, women can also be irrational and destructively aggressive. Moreover, women's screams, abuse, anger are sometimes protracted. It can be more difficult to get a woman out of such an attack than a man.
What is the difference between the male manifestation of rage from the female? The specificity lies not only in hormonal bases, but also in the differences in the instinctive base of behavior.
Despite the increase in the number of women who live according to male laws, the psyche of representatives of different sexes still has significant differences.
Why do men experience bouts of aggression? If we agree that men are indeed characterized by stronger and more frequent bouts of unmotivated rage, then this can be explained as follows:
- Excess testosterone. This hormone determines sexual activity. However, too much of it can provoke outbursts of sudden irritation, turning into rage.
- Men by the structure of their psyche and instinctive base are warriors. This property, of course, is realized in each of the stronger sex in its own way, but on average, attacks of rage in men are due to their constant readiness for combat. The function of a protector, and to some extent an invader, is also reinforced by social stereotypes, which places increased demands on men, forming nervous tension.
- Man by his evolutionary origin is a social being. This means that he has a highly developed instinct for the hierarchical structure of the community. He needs to constantly prove his superiority over others. This subconscious desire in women manifests itself mainly in acquisitions, and in men - in the form of sudden attacks of aggression.
All these reasons explain, but do not justify, behavior that does not correspond to the specific name of a person - Homo sapiens.
Forms of manifestation of aggression
The problem in our society is that male aggression is considered normal. This is something to be reckoned with and put up with. This position of society costs him dearly, but the stereotype of tolerance for male emotional incontinence in society is very stable.
It turns out that the strong half of humanity must be weak. Indeed, in order to restrain your emotions, you need a lot of inner strength.
There are 2 forms of manifestation of aggression. One of them is verbal, when a person's entire negative manifests itself in the form of shouting, profanity, threats and insults. Another form is in the nature of physical impact in the form of beatings, murders, destruction. In this case, the physical impact can be directed not only to humans, but also to animals. To some extent, hunting can be considered a form of aggression, when a person goes to kill animals not for food, but for pleasure.
Most often, aggression is directed at other people, animals, household items. For example, smashing dishes is a clearly biased behavior, when the desire to beat or kill a person is replaced by loud smashing of plates, cups, windows, and household appliances.
However, there is also auto-aggression, when negative emotions are directed at oneself. This type of aggression can manifest itself in a public refusal or consumption of harmful food, attempts at suicide, which are necessarily committed with a large crowd of people. Self-incrimination can also be attributed to auto-aggression, when a person declares himself guilty that only indirectly concerns him.
There is one more manifestation of predominantly male aggression, which is called boss syndrome. The habit of yelling at subordinates is not a way of leadership. To some extent, this is a way of hypertrophied self-affirmation. Hypertrophy manifests itself in the inadequacy of aggressive behavior, because the boss is a person who already has superiority in relation to his subordinates, sufficient to satisfy his ambitions.
Leadership through shouting, swearing, insults and threats is not a management style, but a manifestation of promiscuity. A successful leader who manages the team correctly can maintain order calmly, quietly, and even in a whisper. If such orders are carried out quickly and correctly, then this leader is in his place.
Is boss syndrome a typically male type of aggression? Considering that the majority of bosses are men, then this style of combining leadership with wild aggression can be called typically masculine. Those women who, in power, allow themselves such a disgusting leadership style, in fact imitate men, which in their opinion strengthens their position.
Reason and excuse
Aggression, manifested in various forms, and especially in bouts of intense rage, can be a symptom of nervous and mental disorders. However, most often this is a manifestation of mental weakness. A person begins to enjoy the sudden discharge of excess energy, superiority over others, and most importantly, his own impunity. Such a person perfectly understands when it is possible to flare up, and when it is not. Yelling at your wife, hitting a child, kicking a dog at home can be done with impunity.
All of these are criminal offenses. Only domestic violence often goes unnoticed by law enforcement agencies. Households suffering from the painful or unbridled aggression of the father of the family begin to be defended only when noticeable traces of regular beatings appear for everyone.
Why does aggression become a habit? And because there are a number of justifications for such actions. A man can do all this because:
- he is a breadwinner;
- he gets tired at work;
- he is responsible;
- they themselves are to blame - they brought it;
- everyone is loose;
- he is prevented from resting, etc.
The presence of such arguments is a symptom of the destruction of the psyche. We are not talking about nervous and mental illnesses. This pathology is rather mental. It is a combination of weakness, cruelty and licentiousness.
Consequences of unmotivated aggression
Despite the fact that many people who suffer from chronic aggression as a drug addiction get pleasure from their actions, such actions are extremely harmful to both the object and the subject.
Most of all, everyone who is forced to live with him under the same roof suffers from the tyranny of a hot-tempered person. Children, who are forced to constantly be in fear of negative impact, usually get sick, their fate is full of problems and suffering. They grow up unhappy and notorious. The wives of such aggressors age early and die.
If the boss constantly yells at subordinates, he creates an atmosphere of fear and resentment. Such a person is surrounded by unreliable people. Action always evokes opposition. People who are always humiliated do not follow orders with a light heart, deliberately or through ignorance do not do the necessary work. Provided, of course, that this sabotage does not become obvious, defiant and dangerous for a career.
Usually, people with chronic aggression have business problems. For example, if the owner or manager of a store publicly scolds subordinates loudly, then many people will try not to go to such a store. Why witness unpleasant scenes if there is another store within walking distance, where an atmosphere of goodwill is created.
The subject of habitual aggression will also face trouble. Screaming, threats, humiliation and even assault, over time, become not only a habit, but also a need. As a result, a person begins to shout not only at those who depend on him, but also at those on whom he himself depends. It is clear that the career of such a person is not developing in the best way. The problem also lies in the fact that not all people who are led by emotions, hormones and instincts can stop in time. A person who has become a chronic aggressor, even with the threat of losing his family and job, is not able to stop.
Scientists often consider the phenomenon of male aggression in the context of social phenomena. Uncontrollable rage on far-fetched or exaggerated reasons is a breeding ground for organizing social unrest. Men often vent their rage not one by one, but collectively. Spontaneous pogroms after football matches are a vivid example of the collective manifestation of unmotivated aggression. Such people easily succumb to calls to smash and beat for any reason.
So unmotivated aggression in men creates problems not only of a medical, psychological and family nature. This is a negative social phenomenon that threatens the stability and well-being of society.
In itself, it is unpleasant, and not only to others who are suddenly plunged into negativity, but also to the aggressors themselves. In fact, there are not so many clinical scoundrels among the latter who get pleasure from splashing out violent emotions on other people or objects. Normal people are also capable of such outbursts, but then they feel remorse, try to make amends and at least try to control themselves. Aggression in men is especially destructive, the reasons for this can turn out to be so far-fetched and strange that the presence of a problem becomes obvious to all participants in the situation.
Types and types of male aggression
It should be noted right away that negative emotions spilling out are not exclusively a male prerogative. Women are also capable of being aggressors, they do not follow their actions and words. The paradox is that male aggression is partly considered socially acceptable. Of course, extreme manifestations are condemned, but at the same time there are many justifications for such a phenomenon as aggression in men. The reasons can be very diverse - from competition to health conditions.
There are two main types of aggression that are easily identified even by non-specialists:
- verbal, when the negative is expressed in shouting or openly negative vocabulary;
- physical, when there are beatings, destruction, attempted murder.
With auto-aggression, the negative is directed at itself, manifests itself as all kinds of destructive actions. The motto of this type of aggression is: "Let it be worse for me."
Psychologists classify what we are considering into several types according to the following criteria: mode of manifestation, direction, causes, degree of expression. Self-diagnosis in this case is practically impossible, since in most cases the aggressor seeks self-justification, does not see and does not want to see the problem, and successfully shifts the blame onto others.
Verbal aggression
The external manifestations of this type of aggression are quite expressive. It can be a furious cry, curses and curses. Often they are supplemented with gestural expression - a man can make offensive or threatening gestures, shake his fist, swing. In the animal kingdom, males actively use this type of aggression: whoever growls louder, then declares himself as the owner of the territory, it comes to frank fights much less often.
However, verbal aggression in men, the reasons for which can lie both in mental health and in social pressure, is not so harmless. It destroys the psyche of those who are forced to live nearby. Children get used to abnormal communication patterns, they absorb the pattern of paternal behavior as a norm.
Physical aggression
An extreme form of aggressive behavior, when a person goes from shouting and threats to active physical actions. Now this is not just a threatening fist swing, but a blow. A man is capable of causing serious injury to even the closest people, breaking or breaking personal belongings. Man behaves like Godzilla, and destruction becomes his main goal. It can be either a short explosion, literally for one blow, or a nightmare for many hours, which is why it is the aggression in men that is considered the most dangerous. The reasons are very different - from "she provoked me" to "I am a man, I can not be angry."
Asking the question of how permissible this is, it is best to take the Criminal Code as a guide. There it is written in black and white that inflicting bodily harm of varying degrees of severity, attempted murder and deliberate harm to personal property are all crimes.
Features of unmotivated male aggression
It is conditionally possible to divide manifestations of rage into motivated and unmotivated. It is possible to understand and partially justify the aggression shown in a state of passion. This is often referred to as "righteous anger." If someone offends the loved ones of this man, encroaches on their life and health, then the aggressive response is at least understandable.
The problem is posed by such attacks of aggression in men, the causes of which cannot be calculated at first glance. What got into him? I was just a normal person, and suddenly they changed! Something like this is the response of witnesses of sudden unmotivated rage that breaks out in any form, verbal or physical. In fact, any act has a reason, explanation or motive, they just do not always lie on the surface.
Reasons or excuses?
Where is the line between reasons and excuses? As an example, we can cite such a phenomenon as the aggression of a man towards a woman. The reasons often represent the most ordinary attempts to justify themselves, to shift the blame onto the victim: “Why did she stay late after work? aggression ".
Behind such behavior can be either personal hatred of a certain person or banal misogyny. If a man seriously considers women to be second-class people, then is it any wonder at the vicious attacks against them?
However, outbursts of aggression may not take place because a man is just an evil type. In addition to far-fetched excuses, there are also serious factors that can be identified and eliminated.
Hormonal background
Hormonal imbalance accounts for a substantial proportion of aggressive manifestations. Our emotions are largely determined by the ratio of the main hormones, a lack or excess can lead not only to violent outbursts, but also to severe depression, to a pathological lack of emotions and severe psychiatric problems.
Testosterone is traditionally considered a hormone not only for sexual desire, but also for aggression. Especially harsh and often referred to as "testosterone male". Chronic deficiency leads to an increase in dissatisfaction, makes a person prone to negative manifestations. Outbreaks of aggression in men, the causes of which lie precisely in the hormonal imbalance, must be treated. To do this, tests for the level of hormones are taken, the disease that led to the disorders is revealed. Symptomatic treatment in this case brings only partial relief and cannot be considered complete.
Middle age crisis
If such cases were not observed before, then sudden aggression in a 35-year-old man can most often be associated with the Age of maximalism is left behind, and the man begins to weigh whether all the decisions made were really correct, whether it was a mistake. Literally everything is in doubt: is it the same family, is it the same woman, is the right direction chosen in your career? Or maybe it was worth going to another institute and then marrying another, or not marrying at all?
Doubts and hesitation, a keen sense of missed opportunities - all this shakes the nervous system, reduces the level of tolerance and sociability. It begins to seem that there is still time to change everything in one jerk. All those around them seemed to have conspired, they do not understand this emotional impulse. Well, after all, they can be put in their place by force, since they do not understand good. Fortunately, the midlife crisis ends sooner or later. The main thing is to remember that periods of despondency are normal, but this is not a reason to ruin your life.
Retirement depression
The second round of the age crisis overtakes men after retirement. Women most often endure this period easier - a solid part of their everyday worries remains with them. But men who are accustomed to their profession as a central part of their life story begin to feel unnecessary, abandoned. Life stopped, the respect of others turned off along with the receipt of a pension certificate.
Aggression in men after 50 years is closely related to attempts to shift the responsibility for a failed life onto others. At the same time, objectively, everything is in order for a man who suddenly caught a demon in the rib of a man, but there is a certain dissatisfaction. At the same time, all sorts of health problems, overwork, lack of sleep can be added - all these factors aggravate the situation. Aggressive attacks start to seem like a natural reaction to everything that happens.
Psychiatry or Psychology?
Who should you go to for help - to a psychologist or directly to a psychiatrist? Many men are afraid of their aggressive impulses, not without reason fearing to do something irreparable. And it is very good that they are able to assess their actions relatively soberly and seek help from professionals. Who is involved in such a phenomenon as aggression in men? The reasons and treatment are in the psychiatrist's department exactly until he confirms that the patient has no problems in his profile. This is precisely the correct approach to treatment with such a specialist: you can safely make an appointment without fear that you will be “dressed up as crazy”. A psychiatrist is, first of all, a doctor, and he first checks whether some completely physical factors affect the patient's psyche: hormones, old injuries, sleep disturbances. A psychiatrist can recommend a good psychologist if the patient does not have problems that require medication.
The first step to solving the problem
In many ways, the strategy for solving the problem depends on who exactly makes this decision. Aggression in a man ... What should a woman do, who is next to him, lives with him in the same house, brings up common children? Yes, of course, you can fight, convince, help, but if the situation develops in such a way that you have to constantly endure assault and risk losing your life, it is better to save yourself and save the children.
On the male side, the best first step is to admit that there is a problem. You should be honest with yourself: aggression is a problem that must be dealt with first of all by the aggressor himself, and not by his victims.
Possible consequences of aggression and complex work on yourself
We have to admit that in places of deprivation of liberty there are often prisoners who have this very defect - unreasonable aggression among men. Causes require elimination, but excuses have no strength or weight. It is worth pulling yourself together, but not relying only on self-control. If the outbursts of rage are repeated, then the reason may lie in a hormonal imbalance. This can be overwork, depressive manifestations, as well as the pressure of society, an unbearable rhythm of life, age-related changes, some kind of chronic illness. Seeing a doctor is a sure step to help you cope with destructive behavior. Separating reasons from excuses will help outline your initial plan of action, and life will soon take on new colors.
Unmotivated aggression can arise as a result of a strong shock or a critical situation. However, this symptom may appear out of nowhere, which should alert the person. Unmotivated aggression without any particular reason may indicate the presence of a serious illness.
Aggression as a symptom of the disease
The emergence of unmotivated aggression occurs as a result of certain diseases. These include:
- hyperthyroidism;
- excess weight;
- neurological disorders;
- personality disorders;
- trauma;
- malignant neoplasms.
Hyperthyroidism Increased irritability for no particular reason may indicate the presence of problems with hormonal levels. This symptom often develops in women. Affected people may feel hungry, but still remain thin. Excessive food intake does not affect the figure in any way. The disease can be recognized by nervousness, high activity, red skin and increased sweating.
Excess weight. Body fat can trigger the production of estrogen. As a result of this, there is a negative impact on the psyche, both in women and in men. It is enough to get rid of extra pounds - and the unpleasant symptom will go away by itself.
Neurological disorders. Aggression can be a symptom of serious illness and lead to. A person gradually loses interest in life and withdraws into himself. At the same time, excessive aggressiveness and memory problems are noted. This symptomatology is a serious reason to see a doctor.
Personality disorders. Unmotivated aggression can be a sign of serious mental problems and even schizophrenia. Most schizophrenics live normal lives without endangering others. During periods of exacerbation, their aggressiveness increases, this requires psychiatric treatment. Injuries and malignant neoplasms. Mental irritability can be caused by brain damage. Rage and high activity can be replaced by apathy. All this indicates a serious injury or tumor process.
Often, the causes of aggression lurk in sociopathy, stress disorder, or alcohol dependence. The first condition is a character anomaly. A person does not need the company of other people, moreover, he is afraid of them. This is a congenital problem associated with an inferiority of the nervous system. Stress disorder breeds hostility towards others. This happens when a person is constantly in the midst of unpleasant situations. An aggressive state is also typical for people suffering from alcoholism.
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Aggression in men
Unmotivated aggression in the stronger half can occur due to physiological and psychological characteristics. Increased irritability can indicate chronic diseases, in particular, damage to the endocrine system. Nervousness is caused by constant conflicts and stressful situations.
Attacks of aggression can occur due to grumpiness and rudeness. Psychological nervousness can appear as a result of constant lack of sleep, hormonal changes, overwork or depression. A man is dissatisfied with himself and takes out his anger on others. Aggression can also be motivated, namely, associated with noisy neighbors, loud music or TV.
Sometimes even the most non-conflicting people break loose and take out their anger on others. Often this is due to the fact that a person accumulates negative emotions for years and simply does not give them an outlet. Over time, patience ends, and aggression comes out for no apparent reason. Sometimes one negative sign is enough for a symptom to appear. It could be a loud voice or a sudden movement. A person breaks down instantly and is not able to control himself. You need to monitor your own condition and try to stop aggression in time.
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Aggression in women
The main cause of aggression in women is misunderstanding and powerlessness. This happens when the fair sex is unable to express herself without the support of others. Lack of a definite plan of action causes an emotional outburst.
Aggression is not always dangerous. Sometimes this is the only way to throw out emotions to activate new strength and energy. However, you should not constantly resort to this. Aggression is a positive phenomenon, but only if it is aimed at solving a specific problem. If this condition is permanent and does not bring any relief, family members and loved ones fall under the negative influence. In this case, aggression indicates chronic fatigue and can appear as a result of constant noise, an influx of negative emotions and minor troubles. If you do not learn how to deal with this condition, there is a risk of developing constant aggression. This leads to dissatisfaction with one's own life. As a result, not only the woman herself suffers, but also the people around her.
Motivated aggression can be caused by illness, lack of communication and constant noise. Often a woman is susceptible to this condition during the period of raising a child. She has a lack of communication and opportunities for self-expression. All these conditions need to be controlled.
The state of uncontrolled aggression can be dangerous both for others and for the patient himself. This syndrome is called amok in psychiatry. Europeans are rarely affected by this disease. Amok - what it is and how to treat it - we invite you to find out now.
What is amok?
Psychologists know about this term. Amok -, defined in psychiatry as an ethnospecific syndrome. It is typical for residents of Malaysia, the Philippines and surrounding areas. This condition is characterized by a sharp motor excitement and aggressive actions and an unreasonable attack on people.
Among the symptoms of a dangerous syndrome:
- fear;
- anxiety;
- self-doubt.
In the first phase, patients are withdrawn and immersed in themselves. At the same time, they are passive and they show neurasthenic states. Already in the second phase, symptoms and derealization can appear, as well as feelings of rage and somatic disorders. In the third phase, the patient feels uncontrollable excitement. People often shout and, if they have weapons, they can attack others, not realizing their own actions and the possible consequences of what is happening. In such a state, a person needs to be provided with help as soon as possible.
Amok state - what is it?
Some psychologists say that the amok state is one of the varieties of the state of consciousness. It often manifests itself in the form of attacks of impaired consciousness that occur suddenly, or after a certain period of mood disorder. A person in this state begins to rush, while destroying everything around. When the attack ends, the patient has vague memories of what happened or no memories at all. The Germans mean by this term murders committed alone in public places with the use of weapons.
Mental disorder amok
The term "amok" is usually understood as a mental state in which a person feels excessive excitement. Such unmotivated aggression can lead to attacks on others and even murder of people. In German, this term has an extended meaning and means blind and even violent aggression with or without victims outside the ethnic framework.
Among the causes of this uncontrolled condition:
- stress;
- sexual arousal;
- insomnia;
- infections;
- chronic somatic diseases.
Love amok
Dangerous ones can also be observed in a state of love. Jealousy often precedes this outburst of emotion. Being in an aggressive state, a person is able to cause bodily harm to another and even kill. Therefore, if a person has all the signs of love amok, you need to quickly seek help from psychologists.
Amok - treatment
Everyone who at least once in their life had to deal with such a dangerous disease is wondering how to treat amok. With the development of this condition, the patient needs:
- Secure securely with a straitjacket, wide soft bandages, and other devices.
- After some time, the psychosis should stop on its own.
As soon as a person gets better, he will need adequate rest, food and specialized mental health care. After an attack, it is necessary that the patient be under medical supervision, as there is a risk of suicide. If a patient with such a dangerous syndrome as amok is neutralized and does not commit suicide, then the prognosis will be quite favorable.
Annotation: The article discusses the definition of aggression, its causes, motives of aggressive behavior, types and incentives for aggression, consequences, provides a detailed classification of the causes of aggressive behavior and manifestations of aggression in adolescents, methods of its prevention and prevention .
Keywords: unmotivated aggression, causes of aggression, adolescents, motive, family, upbringing
Aggression is a form of the subject's conscious behavior that causes any damage to its object, and the object of aggression, in turn, can be people, animals, various property, as well as intangible objects - theories, ideology, traditions, customs, folklore, thoughts, ideas and so on. It is worth paying special attention to the fact that aggression is always only the conscious behavior of the subject, accidental or unconscious harm is not aggression (for example, in an exercise ricochet accidentally kills one of the soldiers - there is no intent, this is an accident). From the point of view of ethics and morality, aggression is unacceptable and shameful, since it can harm the values that have developed in society, relationships between people, foundations and orders. However, there is also constructive aggression, which is an emotional catharsis, that is, a means of releasing accumulated negative emotions, aggression is a kind of signal that indicates a problem in a relationship that needs to be solved, and that is why aggression in some cases is acceptable, necessary and useful.
The consequences of aggression are very diverse, they depend on the direction of the act of aggression, the reasons, the type of aggression, and more. The consequences of aggressive actions: intergroup, intra- and interpersonal conflicts, resentment, guilt, aggression, like any other behavior is motivated.
Motives are incentive processes that move a person towards a goal, the need is actualized due to the motive.
The motives for aggressive behavior are revenge, striving to achieve a goal, self-affirmation, emotional catharsis, destruction of the object of aggression, and more.
Types of aggression:
1. By the way of influencing your object:
Physical (murder, beatings, rape, etc.);
Verbal (insults and verbal humiliation of a person).
2. By the degree of interaction with your object:
Direct (direct impact on the object);
Indirect (damage is caused indirectly through something or someone).
3. By the level of initiative:
Active (spreading gossip, slander);
Passive (refusal to talk to a person)
Let's highlight the main determinants of aggressive behavior:
1) biological (hunger, thirst, hormone release, etc.);
2) revenge as feedback in response to the damage caused;
3) achieving any goal that is significant for the subject of destructive behavior (the so-called instrumental aggression);
4) psychological relaxation, release from accumulated negative emotions (emotional catharsis);
5) the need for self-affirmation;
6) frustration.
Another type of aggression was identified by Konrad Lorenz - unmotivated aggression.
Any behavior of the subject is motivated, since there is always something that prompts one or another behavior, however, the motive can be hidden. Unmotivated aggression does not carry open intentions towards its object.
Let's consider the main reasons for unmotivated aggression.
A teenager is an individual between the ages of 12 and 17. In the process of growing up, the child's psychology undergoes significant changes, these changes occur mainly due to the development of his social consciousness, analytical and cognitive abilities. With the onset of physiological and psychological changes in the child's body, a rethinking of values inevitably begins, interests change, and relationships with others begin to be perceived differently. Often, these changes lead to a negative perception of the process of growing up: ridicule by peers, misunderstanding on the part of adults, lack of trust in relation to parents, certain character accentuations, etc.
First reason... Aggression that has no motive in relation to its object can be a certain type of interpersonal relationship.
Interpersonal relationships are divided into 3 main forms, depending on their focus on the object:
1. Interpersonal relations "towards people" (positive orientation towards society, a person seeks to assimilate in society, wants to interact with people).
2. Interpersonal relations “from people” (neutral orientation in relation to society - a person seeks to isolate himself from society, but does not come into conflict with others and gets closer to people).
3. Interpersonal relations "against people" (negative orientation, a person enters into open conflict with society).
Let's take a closer look at the last, third form. Interpersonal relationships "against people" are characterized by a negative orientation of the subject in relation to the object, which are based on the following phenomena:
- negativism is a character of a subject's behavior that deliberately contradicts the requirements of society or other individuals. Negativism is an unmotivated protest, denial of certain norms and requirements. Often, hostility to people is a projection of their personality traits outside, in other words, a person who values himself low, experiences a feeling of guilt, auto-aggression, unconsciously projects these feelings onto others;
- hatred is a strong, and at times, long-term active negative feeling of the subject, aimed at phenomena or objects that in any way violate or antagonize his needs, attitudes, intentions, values. Hatred is the desire and readiness to explicate aggression in some way towards your object.
The second reason... Demonstration of their superiority, strength, dexterity (the so-called play aggression) is quite often inherent in children and adolescents as a means of self-affirmation among their peers and does not carry a destructive motive in relation to their object and therefore, most often, does not pose a significant threat.
Third reason... Reactive aggression - aggression as an individual's reaction in response to a threat to his interests, property in order to protect the above.
Fourth reason... Lack of parental love and care in childhood. Studies have shown that those who in childhood lacked parental love and care, growing up suffered from difficulties in communicating with others, difficulties in remembering new information, psychosomatic problems, as well as negative attitudes towards others. These negative attitudes are transferred by children to relations with society due to the lack of attention and care on the part of the parents.
Fifth reason... Wrong type of upbringing in the family. Extreme types of relations, regardless of whether they have the character of authoritarianism or liberal all-tolerance, give negative results. At the same time, the authoritarian style causes alienation in children from their parents, a feeling of their insignificance and unwillingness in the family. Parental demands, if they seem unreasonable, cause either protest and aggression, or apathy and passivity. Excessive permissiveness causes the adolescent to feel that his parents do not perceive him as an intentional subject. In addition, passive, unmotivated parents cannot be an object of imitation and identification, and other influences - school, peers, the media - often cannot fill this gap, leaving the child without proper guidance and orientation in a complex and changing world. That is why the unmotivated destructive behavior of adolescents, aimed at society, is often the result of childhood experiences and psychological trauma, and if these experiences for some reason cannot be explicated to their object, then frustration arises, and the experiences themselves are directed inward, as a result of which there is Auto-aggression - guilt, shame, fear, depression, suicidal intentions.
Sixth reason... A child, observing various destructive scenes presented by the media, learns and consolidates a model of aggressive behavior.
Seventh reason... Aggression can be determined by aggressiveness (aggressiveness is not separate acts of aggression, but an already established and ingrained model of destructive behavior) as an already established character trait of a teenager due to certain characteristics of a teenager, such as: emotionality, hot temper, demonstrative behavior, unstable type of temperament, etc.
Output. Prevention of child and adolescent aggression consists in creating trusting relationships between children and parents, developing creative personality traits, providing timely emotional support to a growing up child, maintaining a comfortable psychological climate for a child in the family, and, if necessary, seeking professional help in a timely manner. A teenager should feel that he belongs to the family, feel like a full-fledged member of it, and be aware of his role in society.
List of used literature
1. Baron R., Richardson D. Aggression. SPb: Peter, 2001.- 352 p.
2. Ilyin E.P. Motivation and motives [Electronic resource] // Russian Humanitarian Internet University. URL: http://sbiblio.com/biblio/archive/ilin_motiv/01.aspx (date accessed: 16.05.2018).
3. Lorenz K. Aggression. M .: AST, 2017 .-- 352.
5. Meshcheryakov B., Zinchenko V. Big psychological dictionary. M .: Olma-press, 2004 .-- 672 p.
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