Herpes on the human body can manifest itself in different ways. The most dangerous option is herpes in the eyes... Ophthalmic herpes is not dangerous in itself, its consequences are much worse - keratitis, that is damage to the cornea of the eye, leading to impaired vision and even blindness. It is the herpes virus that is the most common cause of keratitis, especially if it is recurrent. Without proper treatment, herpes affects more and more eye tissues, which means that vision loss becomes inevitable.
Ophthalmic herpes causes
Often the cause of herpes in the eye is the herpes simplex virus or herpes virus Zoster(chickenpox), although herpesvirus can cause eye herpes 2 types(genital), cytomegalovirus and herpes virus 6 types(causing roseola). All of these types of virus are incorporated into the cells of the body, where the formation of new viral particles occurs.
The note
The virus enters the body through the oral mucosa, respiratory system or sexually. You can get herpes by using the same dish or towel with the patient. First, the virus lives in the epithelial tissue, then moves to the blood and lymph, thanks to which it spreads throughout the body.
For the time being, the body resists viruses, as it is protected by the immune system. If the virus enters the mucous membrane of the eye, then the interferon produced by the mucous membrane prevents it from spreading. Also, the tissues of the eye are protected by immunoglobulins contained in the lacrimal fluid. The virus that causes herpes in the eyes can “sleep” in the nerve nodes for a very long time.
If, for some reason, immunity decreases, the herpes virus becomes stronger and manifests itself in the form of ophthalmic herpes. A decrease in immunity occurs as a result of the following situations:
- hypothermia;
- prolonged exposure to the sun;
- infectious diseases;
- stress;
- eye injuries;
- the use of certain drugs (immunosuppressants, cytostatics, etc.);
- pregnancy.
The virus "sleeping" until this moment "wakes up" and comes to the surface in the form of characteristic bubbles. This variant of the development of the disease is called endogenous... The exogenous pathway is when infection occurs directly through the herpes vesicles - the liquid from them, containing viruses in high concentration, enters the mucous membrane of the eyes, as a result of which infection with ophthalmic herpes occurs... This path is especially typical for children who play together and can infect each other through direct touch.
Herpes on the eyes - symptoms
Eye herpes can be confused with allergies or diseases caused by bacteria ( conjunctivitis, blepharitis, or bacterial keratitis). All inflammatory eye diseases - including herpes - are accompanied by the following symptoms:
- soreness;
- distortion and impairment of visual acuity, especially at dusk;
- photophobia;
- lacrimation.
Local symptoms can be supplemented by general ones - headache, nausea, swollen lymph nodes and fever.
Specific symptoms of herpes in the eyes, by which it can be distinguished from other diseases:
- severe burning and itching of the skin on the eyelids and around the eyes;
- the appearance of bubbles with liquid inside, which then burst and ulcerate.
Forms of herpes
Ophthalmic herpes differs from other types of herpes in a large number of manifestations, and symptoms with relapses can be very different. Depending on the damage to the tissues of the eye, the following main forms of herpes on the eyes are distinguished:
How to identify herpes
Symptoms of a cold of the eye, as cold sores are often called, are similar to those of other conditions. The exact diagnosis is ophthalmologist who conducts a slit lamp examination, resulting in ulceration and other corneal lesions, as well as inflammation of the eye vessels. Also in a hospital setting scraping of cells from the affected mucous membrane or skin is performed, which is studied with a fluorescent microscope.
The note
Another diagnostic method is enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, thanks to which it is possible to detect the presence of antibodies to the virus.
The listed diagnostic methods are required for damage to the cornea and blood vessels. As a rule, herpetic lesions of the mucous membrane of the eyes and skin of the eyelids are noticeable without a medical examination. Herpes on the eyelid is characterized by multiple eruptions in the form of small bubbles with lymph - a liquid that gradually becomes cloudy. The blisters are painful and itchy. If you scratch the sore, it spreads even more.
What is the danger of herpes in the eyes
If herpes is localized on the surface, then adequate treatment allows you to get rid of it without negative consequences. If deeper tissues are affected, then the following consequences are possible:
- clouding of the cornea;
- decreased visual acuity;
- retinal hemorrhages;
- retinal detachment (complete or partial);
- cataract;
- glaucoma;
- death of the retina;
- complete loss of vision.
Serious vision problems arise, of course, not from primary herpes, but if it is not treated, it will recur, each time affecting the deeper structures of the eye, which will lead to irreversible consequences.
Herpes in the eye of a child
In childhood, risk factors for the manifestation of herpes in the eyes are hypothermia, overheating, excessive exposure to the sun, stress, hormonal changes in the body, vaccinations, microtraumas of the eye. Children often ophthalmic herpes is accompanied by herpetic eruptions on the lips... In addition to the appearance of bubbles on the eyelids and lips, you need to pay attention to the following symptoms:
- redness of the eye;
- lacrimation;
- itchy eyelids;
- Pain in the eyes;
- feeling of grit in the eyes.
All these symptoms indicate the development of herpes in the eyes. In this case, you should immediately consult a doctor. Ophthalmoferon drops can be used as first aid before a doctor's appointment to relieve discomfort and suppress the activity of the virus.
Attention
It is categorically impossible to engage in self-medication for herpes in children! Incorrectly selected therapy or lack of treatment will lead to serious problems, including loss of vision.
Particular attention should be paid to the prevention of herpes in the eyes of a child. To do this, you need to lead a healthy lifestyle, observe the daily regimen, get enough sleep, not overcool and not overwork. It is worth taking vitamins seasonally, special eye complexes containing blueberry extract are especially useful.
Treatment of herpes in the eyes
How to treat a cold in the eye? It depends on the form of the disease. If only superficial tissues are affected, there will be enough medication to relieve discomfort and to suppress the activity of the virus.
There are four types of drugs that are used to treat herpes in the eyes in combination:
- antiviral;
- immunomodulatory agents;
- specific immunotherapy (herpes vaccine);
- symptomatic remedies: vitamins, pain relievers, decongestants, etc.
If the deep tissues of the eye are affected, only surgery will help: coagulation(thermal or laser), keratoplasty and other types of operations that will localize or remove the affected tissue.
Antivirals for treating herpes in the eyes
The mucous membrane of the eye differs from the skin, therefore, to apply drugs to it, forms are used that do not irritate the mucous membrane. To suppress the activity of the herpes virus, eye ointments and drops are used, as well as tablets and injections.
The most effective drugs for treating herpes in the eyes:
- Acyclovir- with this form of the disease, it is taken orally in the form of tablets (0.2 grams up to 5 times a day), and the ointment is also applied topically. You can use Zovirax or Virolex;
- Valacyclovir- for the treatment of ophthalmic herpes, only tablets are used, for example, Valtrex 0.5 grams twice a day. Once in the human body, valacyclovir turns into acyclovir, which is most active against the herpes virus;
- Oftan-IMU (idoxuridine, keracin, etc.)- This is a special drug for the treatment of herpes in the eyes. Produced in the form of drops containing a thymine analog. The drug prevents the virus from multiplying and suppresses its activity. Drops are instilled often - every hour. With prolonged use, the drug can lead to corneal damage;
- TFT (trifluorothymidine)- one more drops, similar to Oftan-IMU, but with less toxic effects;
- Vidarabin- gel against eye herpes, which is applied to the conjunctiva up to five times a day;
- Tebrofen, Ryodoxol, Bonafton- ointments against herpes, they are applied to the skin of the eyelids affected by herpes, and put behind the eyelids.
Immune drugs in the treatment of ophthalmic herpes
Herpes is a sign of decreased immunity, that is why in case of herpetic eruptions, immunocorrection is carried out, for which preparations of interferon and immunoglobulins are used.
Immunoglobulins for non-specific therapy for herpes - interlock and interferon-alpha, as well as reaferon:
- Interlock and interferon alpha- These are preparations in the form of drops based on donor blood, which contain human leukocyte interferons. They modify cell membranes so that the virus does not enter them.
- Reaferon- a synthetic preparation of a bacterial nature containing human interferon. Means in the form of drops for instillation in the eye. Can also be injected into the eye area.
In addition to immunoglobulin preparations, interferon inducers are used:
- noon;
- levamisole;
- amiksin;
- lycopid;
- cycloferon;
- thymalin.
These drugs can be taken as pills, as well as in the form of injections, in some cases, injections are given periocularly, that is directly into the eye... Thanks to the intake of these drugs, the production of its own interferon by the human body increases. And if taking immunoglobulins can cause allergies, then interferon inducers have practically no side effects.
Herpes vaccine
A herpes vaccine has been developed from inactivated herpes simplex viruses and herpes simplex type 2. The vaccine is administered for recurrent ophthalmic herpes strictly during the period without exacerbation of the disease, you can repeat the introduction of the vaccine no earlier than six months later. Vaccines on the market from different manufacturers, the most famous of which are Vitagerpevak and Gerpovaks of Russian production, as well as Gerpevak of production of Belgium.
Also, for specific immunocorrection for herpes in the eyes, antiherpetic interferon is used in the form of an ointment, which is applied topically. Gerpferon consists from recombinant interferon and 3% acyclovir Thus, the drug blocks the action of the virus and protects healthy cells from it.
Concomitant medicinal products
Herpetic eye infections are often accompanied by pain and cramps. To relieve spasms, use mydriatics (Atropine, Irifrin and others). Also, in case of serious tissue damage, the eyes are prescribed antiseptics and antibiotics.
Often bacterial infections are added to herpes. Antiseptics and antibiotics are used to treat this complication. Most effective for treating concomitant infections cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones... Antibiotics are administered by injection or in the form of drops, tetracycline and erythromycin ointments are also used.
Attention!
Antibiotics should not be taken without a doctor's prescription and bacteriological examination!
Herpetic eye damage - especially difficult - is treated with a large number of drugs, which can lead to an allergic reaction. To warn her, usually prescribe antihistamines such as Suprastin, Tavegil etc.
For a speedy recovery, appoint vitamin preparations, as well as agents that enhance the supply of blood to the eye. These are nicotinic acid, vitamins A, C, group B, pentoxifylline.
Folk remedies
The mucous membrane of the eye is a very delicate tissue, on which it is undesirable to influence irritants. Effective a folk remedy for treating herpes in the eyes is garlic juice, but you can't recommend it to everyone. Individual eye reactions can be unpredictable.
It is better to use milder products:
- infusion of marshmallow flowers - for washing the eyes, the infusion is prepared from 2 tablespoons of dried flowers, brewed with a glass of boiling water;
- honey with water in a ratio of 1 to 2 - to be instilled into the eyes;
- fresh dill juice compress relieves inflammation;
- gruel from grated fresh potatoes - such a lotion relieves pain and burning;
- rosehip berry infusion - used for washing the eyes and compresses, relieves inflammation and pain;
- Aloe juice diluted with water (1:10) is instilled into the eye and used for compresses.
It should be borne in mind that folk remedies are designed to alleviate the patient's condition, but they do not cure the disease. They cannot resist the virus. Therefore, you cannot use only folk remedies.
Prevention of herpes in the eyes
Herpes in front of our eyes is dangerous for its frequent relapses. Therefore, it is important not to let the virus spread..
To prevent herpes from spreading to other people, it is important:
- observe personal hygiene,
- use individual dishes and towels,
- exclude direct contact with the patient.
The note
A person prone to the manifestations of herpes in the eyes should lead a healthy lifestyle, avoid hypothermia or overheating in the sun, and not overwork.
To strengthen immunity, and therefore to prevent herpes, walks in the fresh air and physical education, hardening, proper nutrition and taking multivitamins are useful. At the first manifestations of herpes in the eyes, you should consult a doctor and choose adequate therapy in order to prevent the development of the herpes virus in the body and complex lesions of the eye.
Why does herpes occur near the eye? The causes of this disease will be discussed below. We will also present the symptoms of ophthalmic herpes and medications that treat this disease.
general information
Herpes (this pathology occurs infrequently on the eyelid of the eye) is a viral disease. It is characterized by the eruption of vesicles (clustered) on the mucous membranes and skin.
The name of the term in question is of Greek origin. Translated into Russian, it means "creeping" or "rapidly spreading skin disease."
Description of the disease
The herpes virus in the eyes does not appear as often as, for example, on the lips, in the nasal mucosa or on the genitals. Moreover, such an ailment is very difficult.
In addition to these parts of the body, the herpes virus can affect the central nervous system, which will cause the development of meningitis and encephalitis. Also, internal organs are susceptible to this ailment.
Types of viruses
Herpes, which has arisen under the eye, belongs to the first type. The herpes simplex virus can also affect the lips, nose, and other skin areas.
In the second type of this disease, the genital areas are affected.
The varicella-zoster virus (3 types) is also distinguished. manifests itself on the human torso. As for such a childhood disease as chickenpox, it is observed throughout the body.
The Epstein-Barr virus belongs to the fourth type. It causes an infectious disease such as mononucleosis.
Cytomegalovirus is a type 5 disease.
Causes of occurrence
Why does herpes appear on the eye (the treatment of this disease will be presented below)? There is a lot of controversy on this score. It is not possible to name any one reason for the occurrence of such unpleasant rashes. This is because cold sores can occur due to a number of different factors.
Experts say that the virus in question is present in the body of all people. Moreover, for the time being, the human immune system resists this disease. The virus that gets on the mucous membrane of the eye spreads very rarely. This is due to the fact that the visual organs are able to independently produce interferon, that is, proteins secreted by tissue cells in response to the invasion of harmful bacteria.
It should be noted that the tissues of the eye are protected by the so-called immunoglobulins, which are contained in the lacrimal fluid. Herpes in the eyes, the symptoms of which will be described below, may not appear for a long time and "sleep" in the nerve nodes.
If, for one reason or another, the human immune system is noticeably weakened, then the herpes virus begins to actively strengthen and manifest itself in the form of ophthalmic herpes.
Thus, we can safely note that the main and main reason for the development of the disease in question is reduced immunity. In connection with the above, the question arises as to why the human immune system is malfunctioning? Doctors say that a decrease in the body's defenses occurs in response to the following situations:
If one of these factors contributes to a decrease in immunity, then the herpes virus, "dormant" until this moment, "wakes up" and then comes out to the surface of the skin or mucous membrane in the form of grouped bubbles.
It should be especially noted that this variant of the development of the disease is called endogenous. There is also an exogenous pathway. For him, infection is characteristic directly through the herpetic vesicles. As you know, they contain a liquid, which in high concentration includes viruses. Once on the skin or mucous membrane of the eyes, an instant infection occurs.
This path is especially typical for young children who are constantly in contact with each other.
Signs of illness
How does herpes manifest in the eyes? The symptoms of this disease are hard to miss. Although in some cases it is confused with an allergy or a disease that is of bacterial origin (for example, conjunctivitis, blepharitis, or bacterial keratitis).
It should be noted that all of the listed pathological conditions, however, like ophthalmic herpes, are accompanied by the following symptoms:
- redness of the eyelids and eyes;
- photophobia;
- soreness;
- impaired visual acuity and distortion;
- lacrimation.
It should be said that the local symptoms of a viral disease can be supplemented by general ones, including headache, swollen lymph nodes, nausea and fever.
Specific symptoms
So how to identify herpes in the eye, the treatment of which should only be carried out by an experienced doctor? This disease also has specific symptoms. These include the following:
- intolerable itching and burning of the skin on the eyelids, as well as around the eyes;
- the presence of fluid-filled blisters that burst and ulcerate.
Forms of ophthalmic herpes
The disease in question is characterized by a huge number of manifestations. However, the symptoms of relapses can be quite different.
Experts distinguish between the following forms of ocular herpes (depending on the damage to the tissues of the visual organs):
- With such a disease, the conjunctiva is affected, that is, a thin film of the epithelium that covers the inside of the eyelids and the eyeball. As a rule, this lesion is accompanied by redness of the entire eye.
- Keratitis. This is a disease characterized by damage to the cornea, on which viral vesicles appear.
- Blepharo-conjunctivitis. Unlike herpetic conjunctivitis, inflammation is added to the lesion of the conjunctiva, as well as the formation of bubbles on the eyelids and along the eyelash growth line. Rashes can even appear on the inner surface of the eyelids. Usually, this is accompanied by severe lacrimation, as well as sharp pain in the eye.
- Keratoiridocyclitis is an inflammation of the cornea, which is accompanied by vascular lesions in the optic organ. This form of the disease is the most severe. It is very difficult to cure it. In this case, keratoiridocyclitis repeats over and over again.
Diagnosis of the disease
How to cure herpes in the eye? Treatment of this disease should be prescribed by an ophthalmologist. However, the disease must first be properly diagnosed. This is due to the fact that the symptoms of such a pathological condition are very often confused with signs of other abnormalities.
To diagnose ocular herpes, the patient needs to consult an ophthalmologist. The doctor is obliged to examine the patient using a slit lamp. Such a study allows you to identify ulceration and other lesions of the cornea, as well as inflammatory processes in the eye vessels.
Also, in stationary conditions, cells are scraped from the affected skin or mucous membrane. Further it is studied by means of
Another way to diagnose the disease in question is It allows you to detect the presence of antibodies to the virus in a person.
All of these diagnostic methods are used only for damage to the vessels and cornea of the eye. As for herpetic lesions of the mucous membrane of the visual organs and skin of the eyelids, it is noticeable even without examination.
Herpes on the eyelids is characterized by rashes (often multiple) in the form of small vesicles filled with lymph, that is, a liquid that becomes cloudy over time. These blisters are very painful and itchy. If you scratch the rash, it spreads even more.
Ophthalmic herpes: treatment
How should ophthalmic herpes be treated? According to experts, the type of therapy for such a disease depends on its form. If the virus has infected only superficial tissues, then drugs are used that relieve discomfort in the visual organs, as well as suppress the activity of herpes.
There are 4 types of medicines on the pharmaceutical market that are used for the complex treatment of ophthalmic herpes. These include the following:
- immunomodulatory agents;
- antiviral (for example, "Zovirax-ointment");
- specific immunotherapy (for example, herpes vaccine);
- symptomatic remedies, including decongestants, pain relievers, vitamins, etc.
In the event that the virus touches the deeper tissues of the eye, the patient undergoes surgical intervention. Such types of operations as coagulation, keratoplasty and others, allow you to localize or remove the affected areas.
Antiviral agents
How is herpes on the eye eliminated? Treatment of this ailment is most often carried out For this, special forms of drugs are used that are not able to irritate the mucous membrane of the visual organs.
To suppress the over-activity of the herpes virus, doctors recommend using eye drops and ointments. Also, for systemic exposure, patients are often prescribed antiviral injections and pills.
What medications are most effective in treating ophthalmic herpes? Experts identify the following drugs:
- "Acyclovir". In case of eye damage, the medication in question is used in the form of oral tablets, as well as in the form of a local ointment.
- Valacyclovir. For the treatment of ocular herpes, such a drug is used in the form of tablets.
- "Zovirax" is an antiviral eye ointment, which is very effective against herpes simplex viruses. After its use, the active substance of the drug is immediately absorbed by the ocular tissues and the corneal epithelium. As a result, such a concentration of the drug is formed in the intraocular fluid, which is necessary for the active suppression of the virus.
- "Oftan-IMU", "Idoksuridin" - these funds are specially designed for the treatment of ophthalmic herpes. They are produced in the form of drops, which contain an analogue of thymine. The medication in question prevents the virus from multiplying, and also suppresses its activity. For best effectiveness, drops must be instilled every hour. However, with prolonged use, they can damage the cornea.
- Trifluorothymidine is a drop similar to Oftan-IMU. However, it should be noted that they are less toxic.
- "Ryodoxol", "Tebrofen", "Bonafton" - all of these drugs are in the form of an ointment. They can be applied to the skin of the eyelids, as well as placed inside the eye.
- "Vidarabine" is an effective gel against ophthalmic herpes. It is applied to the conjunctiva 5 times a day.
Eye drops "Oftalmoferon": instruction
What is the most effective antiviral drug for ocular herpes? Experts say that these are drops "Oftalmoferon". Their price is about 300 rubles, so almost everyone can buy such a tool.
The medication in question contains diphenhydramine and interferon alpha-2a. It is produced in polymer dropper bottles, which are placed in cardboard boxes.
Antiviral drops for lacrimation "Oftalmoferon" have a wide spectrum of action. In addition to anti-inflammatory properties, such a drug exhibits immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, local anesthetic and regenerative effects.
For what indications is the medication in question prescribed to patients? According to the instructions, it is used when:
- adenoviral,;
- hemorrhagic, adenoviral and herpetic conjunctivitis;
- hyperic stromal keratitis without ulceration and ulceration of the cornea;
- herpetic uveitis;
- herpetic and adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis;
- herpetic keratouveitis (without and with ulceration).
As for contraindications, this remedy is practically absent. It is impossible to use these drops only with individual intolerance to their components.
How should the medication "Oftalmoferon" be used? The dosage of this topical medication must be determined by an ophthalmologist. In the acute stage, it is instilled into the affected eye 1-2 drops up to 7-8 times a day. As soon as the inflammatory process begins to stop, the number of instillations is reduced to 2-3 times a day.
The course of treatment with this drug is determined by the doctor. As a rule, the use of the medicine is continued until the symptoms of the disease disappear completely.
Prevention of ocular herpes
The main set of preventive actions for ophthalmic herpes should be aimed at interrupting the transmission of the virus. Thus, a person needs to give up close contact with the patient, not to use the same dishes, towels and cosmetics with him, and also carefully observe the rules of personal hygiene in the presence of other forms of herpes.
As for pregnant women infected with genital herpes, they are prescribed special treatment, and then intensive treatment of the birth canal is carried out in order to avoid infection of the baby during its passage through them.
If herpes occurs too often, then vaccinate with a special antiherpetic solution. Also, the patient is administered under close medical supervision.
To prevent the possible development of the virus, potential patients should definitely adjust their diet. They also need to take a multivitamin during the cold season. Also, the patient is shown physical education and hardening procedures, which will increase immunity, and therefore prevent the appearance of rashes.
Herpes in front of our eyes is the result of random circumstances. It can be brought in only if hygiene is not observed, as well as having a bad habit: with dry eyelids, rub it with a finger soaked in your own saliva, when there is an active virus in the mucous membrane.
The routes of infection are almost always contact, with the exception of severe internal herpes. With this type of virus, it is possible to excrete it with mucous membranes, tears, and coughing.
How does a virus damage the eye?
Symptoms of herpes on the eyelids have an impartial appearance, which appears as a result of the action of a virus of simple types. It gets into the eyes when the infection spreads from the bursting vesicles on the body. Failure to follow simple rules leads to the appearance of a rash on the eyelids.
A recurrence of the rash usually occurs on the skin of the face, where there is increased moisture. It is more difficult for the virus to take root on dry skin. Lips have such a favorable environment, there is often a bubble, popularly called a cold. Over time, the infected fluid leaves the area of inflammation and a situation is formed when the surrounding and healthy areas of the skin can become infected.
Herpes of the eyes is most relevant in children due to inattention to hand hygiene. Since the infection can survive in the air for a long time, infection becomes possible through household items, towels, sheets. Therefore, it is always recommended to use only your own personal hygiene items.
To partially remove eye symptoms, use drops with an antiviral agent and eye ointments around. Treatment is aimed only at the complete elimination of external manifestations.
Internal herpes is hidden deep in the nerve cell of the spine, it cannot be killed. With the activation of the recurrent form, there is a displacement of the area of inflammation in the area of the lips.
How does the virus behave in different forms of infection?
You can accidentally bring 4 types of herpes into your eyes:
- cytomegalovirus;
- simple types: the first type and having a rash in the genital area;
- shingles.
These conditions need to be treated immediately when the first symptoms are found. Complications are observed on the cornea of the eye. Untreated keratitis can spread inside the organ, after which it is useless to treat the disease with drops - an operative method will be required. The advanced stages of the inflammatory process threaten with disturbances in the functioning of the eye or partial blindness.
Symptoms of herpes in the eye begin as a violent allergic reaction. The patient begins to use the appropriate drops. He carries out the treatment, not knowing the true nature of the origin of redness, at this stage until specific bubbles are formed along the edge of the eyelids.
For these neoplasms, the ophthalmologist determines the symptoms of herpes and, together with the dermatovenerologist, begins to treat the viral form of the disease. In order to prevent advanced stages of the virus, it is important to consult a doctor in time at the first manifestations of inflammation in the eyes.
Treatment begins when the first symptoms of herpes are found in the eyes:
- turbidity in the field of vision;
- a feeling of sand in the eyeball;
- redness of the skin: eyelids, eyebrows;
- loss of clarity when changing day and night;
- painful sensations with fully open eyelids;
- small blistering rash around the edge of the eyes.
Herpes activity is accompanied by an increase in body temperature, a general decline in well-being, and nervousness. Redness of the eyes manifests itself with a decrease in the body's defenses, in a healthy person the symptoms are less pronounced.
After using antiviral drugs, the malaise immediately recedes, so you can check the infectious nature of the disease.
Patients complain of periodic soreness to bright light and sudden seizures of the visual organ.
With relapse, a change in the tissues of the eye occurs. The initial moment of inflammation is characterized by damage to the cornea and sclera. In more advanced stages, if the virus is not treated, a negative effect on the deeper layers occurs: the optic nerve, the retina. Clouding in the field of vision is formed in severe forms of the disease.
In the acute phase of exacerbation, herpes can provoke diseases of the visual organ:
- conjunctivitis;
- blepharoconjunctivitis;
- erosion effects on the cornea;
- keratitis, neuritis - effects on the optic nerve;
- inflammation of the choroid, uveitis;
- retinochoroiditis manifests itself as the appearance of a cloudy spot in the field of view;
- perivasculitis;
- pathological changes in the tissues of the retina and conjunctiva, episcleritis;
- serous retinopathy;
- the formation of blood accumulations in the retina.
From the above consequences, it can be seen that a minor rash in front of our eyes in the future may result in an expensive operation. Symptoms of herpes should alert the patient; as a preventive measure, you need to visit an ophthalmologist and dermatovenerologist. Based on the results of the examinations, an individual treatment will be selected.
Similar symptoms of inflammation of the optic organ do not make it possible to draw a correct conclusion at once. Treatment should be selected taking into account a complete examination of the body.
The ophthalmologist verifies the cause of the problems of the visual organ as a result of the herpes infection. An examination is carried out using a slit lamp, and specific corneal changes inherent in the effect of the virus are revealed. These manifestations include: erosion, vascular dilatation, blood stasis.
Analysis for antibodies by the method of immunofluorescence reaction. Scraping from the site of inflammation of the eye tissues is taken as a biomaterial. An examination is also carried out by the method of fluorescent antibodies. For diagnostics, a fluorescent microscope is used, which contains an ultraviolet source.
An enzyme immunoassay is used for quantitative determination. The examination of the patient is carried out at intervals of 12 days. Count the amount of IgM and IgG antibodies. These indicators are used to control the period of inflammation.
Full diagnostics during the period of malaise will help to avoid long-term treatment in case of damage to the optic organ. The latent carriage of herpes can appear after several years, so constant monitoring is needed.
How to contain the virus and avoid inflammation of the optic organ?
Treatment of herpes is carried out in several directions with the simultaneous prescription of antiviral drugs and the maintenance of immunity. To reduce the effect of the virus on the eyes, anti-inflammatory drops are prescribed. Skin rashes are eliminated with local medicines.
Deep pathologies of the eye must be treated with an operative method, laser, neurotomy or keratoplasty. Ophthalmology eliminates the effects of the influence of herpes, and the symptoms of the source of the disease are extinguished together with an immunologist. To eliminate residual effects, pain relievers and anti-edema drugs are used.
Among the effective drugs are:
- vidarabine ointment, acyclovir, panavir;
- drops: trifluorothymidine, oftan IMU;
- tablets: valtrex, florental, bonafton;
- immunostimulants: genferon, interferons, valvir, interlock and reaferon.
It is necessary to treat herpes in the eyes in conjunction with a doctor; a neglected disease can have unpleasant consequences for health.
It can affect all organs and systems, including the eyes. The most common diseases are herpes zoster, eyelid skin lesions, conjunctivitis, keratitis, inflammation of the choroid (iridocyclitis and chorioretinitis), optic neuritis, herpetic retinopathy, acute retinal necrosis. All these diseases have, in the overwhelming majority of cases, a chronic course and often lead to complications.
Causes of herpetic eye lesions
By the time of occurrence, herpes is acquired and congenital. Herpes is caused by virus types 1, 2 and Varicella Zoster. Predisposing factors:
Hypothermia
- stress
- concomitant serious diseases that contribute to a decrease in immunity, including infectious
- immunodeficiency
- malnutrition
- long-term use of antibiotics
Herpetic infection is a highly contagious disease. Routes of transmission: airborne, contact, sexual, ascending (from other organs), transplacental.
Herpes zoster with manifestations in the eyes occurs when the first branch of the trigeminal nerve is involved in the inflammatory process. At first, pain on the affected side is disturbed, malaise, body temperature may rise. Then bubbles with transparent contents appear on the reddened skin, then it becomes cloudy, and crusts form, which can leave scars.
The skin of the upper eyelid and the area of the eyebrow are affected, rarely the lower eyelid (with damage to the 2nd branch of the nerve). Regional lymph nodes enlarge and become painful. If nervus nasociliaris is involved in the process, then characteristic rashes appear at the inner corner of the eye and on the cornea. The virus almost always affects one half of the face.
With herpes of the skin of the eyelids, there is severe itching and burning, bubbles appear on the hyperemic (reddened) skin, their contents become cloudy, then crusts form. When combing them, scars remain.
There are 3 forms of herpetic conjunctivitis: follicular, catarrhal and vesicular-ulcerative.
First type has a sluggish course, is characterized by mild redness of the eyes and scanty mucous discharge. There are no characteristic symptoms.
At catarrhal form complaints are more pronounced, has an acute course.
Classic manifestations vesicular herpetic conjunctivitis- Rash in the form of bubbles, the formation of crusts without scars.
Keratitis caused by the herpes virus is subdivided into treelike, marginal, corneal erosion, discoid, bullous, metaherpetic. Symptoms of all kinds are similar. They are characterized by blepharospasm (it is impossible to open the eyes), photophobia and lacrimation, pain. Corneal sensitivity is reduced, which can lead to accidental injury and secondary infection. Rashes and infiltrates appear on the cornea. The most pathognomonic herpetic keratitis is treelike. In this case, bubbles appear along the nerve fibers of the cornea. Bursting, they cause painful sensations.
Disciform keratitis is deep. There is a rounded opacity of the corneal stroma. The appearance of folds of Descemet's membrane and precipitates on the endothelium is possible. Often turns into iridocyclitis. The prognosis is unfavorable, because corneal opacities often remain.
Deep keratitis refers to keratouveites... In these cases, the symptoms of corneal inflammation are joined by the symptoms of iridocyclitis.
Iridocyclitis caused by the herpes virus can occur in an acute, subacute and sluggish form. By the nature of the process, it is serous and serous-fibrinous. Characterized by pain in acute and subacute course, pericorneal injection of the conjunctiva, sebaceous precipitates on the endothelium of the cornea, moisture in the anterior chamber opalescent (if secondary flora joins, then hypopyon), hypophema is possible (erythrocytes in the moisture of the anterior chamber), posterior synechiae (the pupil does not expand or has irregular shape), the formation of adhesions between the iris and the lens or in the corner of the anterior chamber (correspondingly, intraocular pressure increases). The iris becomes full-blooded, edematous, its pattern is smoothed.
Acute retinal necrosis- one of the types of chorioretinitis, the herpes virus is considered a possible cause. It occurs more often in people with immunodeficiency (for example, HIV-infected). Symptoms: loss of vision if the central region is involved. First, one eye is affected, and after a few months, the second. Inflammatory foci appear, first in the periphery, then they merge, and this can lead to exudative retinal detachment. The appearance of infiltration in the vitreous body is possible. Later, cords may form, leading to tractional retinal detachment. More than half of people with acute retinal necrosis go blind.
Other eye diseases do not have specific manifestations of herpes infection. The presence of the virus is detected only during examination.
Diagnostics of the herpes virus
To make a diagnosis, you need:
On external examination, there may be characteristic rashes on the face and skin of the eyelids,
- visometry - vision can be sharply reduced in the presence of corneal infiltration, chorioretinitis or optic neuritis,
- perimetry,
- analgesics - with herpes infection, the sensitivity of the cornea is reduced,
- biomicroscopy, including after staining with fluorescein,
- examination in transmitted light to determine the transparency of the media of the eye,
- ophthalmoscopy, as well as examination with a Goldman lens to identify foci of infection in the fundus.
In most cases, the symptoms are not specific to herpes, so a diagnosis cannot be made without laboratory confirmation. One of the diagnostic methods is the determination of antibodies to the virus in scraping from the conjunctiva by the method of fluorescent antibodies. In the general blood test, the level of leukocytes and lymphocytes is increased (if there is an immunodeficiency, then it is reduced), with a primary infection, intradermal allergic tests are performed. Investigate the state of the immune status for the correct appointment of immunomodulators. In smears-prints from the cornea and conjunctiva by PCR, the DNA of the virus can be detected.
The most reliable diagnostic method is virology (the virus is grown on chicken embryos or special nutrient media), but it is very expensive and time-consuming (up to 3 weeks), therefore it is used more often for scientific purposes, and not for prescribing treatment.
Antibodies to herpes in the blood are also determined. An elevated IgG level indicates a previous infection. If IgM is detected, then the process is acute. They appear on the 5-7th day of the disease, so it makes no sense to test for antibodies earlier (for example, ELISA - enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay).
Consultations of a dermatovenerologist, infectious disease specialist, and neuropathologist are required.
Eye herpes treatment
Treatment is necessarily carried out under the supervision of an ophthalmologist. In case of damage to the skin of the face and eyelids, the bubbles are lubricated with acyclovir ointment 3% 4 times a day for up to 2 weeks. To dry inflammatory elements, it is possible to use dyes topically (brilliant green solution, iodine solution, fucorcin).
Oftan-IMU is instilled into the conjunctival sac 4 times a day for 10 days to prevent the spread of infection.
With herpes zoster and severe pain, novocaine blockade is done, and antiherpetic drugs are taken orally for a week (Acyclovir 5 times a day, 0.2 grams, Valacyclovir 0.5 grams, 2 times a day). To accelerate healing, physiotherapeutic methods of treatment (UHF, UFO) are applied locally.
With herpetic conjunctivitis, the following drugs are prescribed:
Antiviral drops and ointments - Oftan-IMU 1 drop 6 times a day, Okoferon 1 drop 6 times a day, Acyclovir ointment 3% 2-3 times a day
- antiseptic drops - Miramistin, Okomistin 1 drop 6 times a day
- anti-inflammatory drops - Indokollyr, Naklof, Diclof 1 drop 3 times a day
- antibacterial drops when secondary bacterial flora is attached (Floxal, Tobrex, Oftaquix 1 drop up to 6 times a day)
- antihistamine drops - sodium cromoglycate or Opatanol 1 drop 3 times a day if an allergic reaction occurs.
Long-term treatment, at least 3-4 weeks under the supervision of an ophthalmologist.
Complications of herpes in the eyes:
spread of infection (keratitis), allergic reactions.
Herpetic keratitis Is the most common viral infection that affects the eyes. The treatment is complex and is carried out in a hospital setting. Approximate treatment regimen: instill 1 drop of Oftan-IMU, Okoferon, Okomistin, Floxal into the affected eye 6 times a day; 3 times a day Indocollir and Acyclovir ointment 3%. With deep keratitis, mydriatics are prescribed to prevent the occurrence of synechiae (Tropicamide, Midriacil 2-3 times a day). If the corneal epithelium is not damaged, then hormonal drops and ointments are used (hydrocortisone ointment 1%, dexamethasone drops 0.1% 2-3 times a day). Some drugs are best administered subconjunctivally or parabulbar, for example, interferon, mezaton, dexamethasone, antibiotics. Local treatment is combined with general therapy: antiviral (Acyclovir, 0.2 grams 5 times a day), vitamin therapy (ascorbic acid, B vitamins). Inductors of interferon production are also shown, for example, Cycloferon according to the scheme or Amizon. If necessary, the immunologist prescribes immunomodulators. Physiotherapy accelerates the healing process: UHF, UFO, magnetotherapy, laser therapy, phonophoresis.
If conservative treatment is ineffective, laser coagulation or cryotherapy of inflammatory foci are used. Complications of keratitis: uveitis, allergic reactions, opacity of the cornea up to a thorn.
Treatment herpetic uveitis (iridocyclitis and chorioretinitis) requires intravenous infusion of acyclovir at a dosage of 5-10 mg / kg every 8 hours, possibly intravitreal administration of valacyclovir or famciclovir. In severe cases, with proliferative changes in the vitreous body and the risk of retinal detachment, surgical treatment is indicated - vitrectomy and laser coagulation of the affected areas of the retina. Complications: loss of vision, retinal detachment.
Herpes prevention
Herpes affects 95% of the total population. The virus lives in the human body and may not manifest itself, but under unfavorable conditions, relapses of the disease occur. Therefore, prevention consists in strengthening immunity, timely and comprehensive treatment of exacerbations, good nutrition and a healthy lifestyle, vaccination during remission.
Doctor ophthalmologist Letyuk T.Z.
One of the most dangerous manifestations of herpes infection in the human body is ophthalmic herpes or herpes in the eyes. Most often, herpes viruses cause corneal lesions - keratitis, which often cause rapid visual impairment.
According to modern data, the share of corneal herpesvirus diseases in some countries is more than 80%. Ophthalmic herpes can have 3 to 5 relapses per year. If untreated, the deeper tissues of the eye are involved in the infectious process, which often leads to disability and sometimes complete loss of vision.
Causative agents of ophthalmic herpes
The main causative agents of herpes that affect the tissues of the eyes are the herpes simplex virus type 1 - Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) and the varicella-zoster virus - Varicella zoster. In recent years, evidence has emerged of an increasing role in eye damage of herpes simplex virus type 2, cytomegalovirus and HSV-6, which usually cause genital herpes, infectious mononucleosis and baby roseola, respectively.
All members of the herpesvirus family are spherical. In the center of the viral particle there is a double-stranded DNA molecule formed by strands of different lengths.
The genetic material of herpes viruses is protected by three envelopes. The DNA is tightly packed into a layer of protein molecules of the same size, forming a regular 20-sided capsid. Outside of it is an amorphous protein layer called the tegument. The third shell (supercapsid) is a phospholipid membrane.
Penetrating into the cell, the virus integrates its DNA into its genome and uses the host's protein-synthesizing apparatus to produce viral components. The formation of new virus particles occurs on the inner nuclear membrane of cells. The pathogen accumulates in large quantities in the nucleus, ruptures its membrane and leaves the cell. When leaving the nucleus, viral particles capture part of its membrane, acquiring a supercapsid.
Ways of infection of the eyes with a virus
Normally, the eye is sufficiently reliably protected from viral infections: the lacrimal fluid contains class A secretory immunoglobulins, the mucous membrane cells in response to the introduction of viruses produce interferons that prevent the spread of the pathogen. With latent herpesvirus infection, activated killer T cells are also constantly circulating in the blood, capable of purposefully destroying cells affected by the virus.
The development of ophthalmic herpes is possible only against the background of a decrease in the reactivity of the immune system, which occurs as a result of infectious diseases, severe stress, prolonged exposure to the sun, hypothermia. Virus activation can also be caused by eye trauma, pregnancy, or treatment with immunosuppressants, cytostatics and prostaglandin drugs.
The initial infection with herpes viruses occurs through the mucous membranes of the oral cavity, respiratory or genital tract during direct contact with a sick person, using shared utensils, towels, toys, and hygiene items.
The virus multiplies in the epithelial tissue, then enters the circulatory and lymphatic systems, scattering throughout the body. HSV-1, HSV-2 and Varicella zoster migrate to the nerve nodes, where they remain latent throughout life. Most often, the cause of ophthalmic herpes is just such "dormant" viruses. This route of infection is called endogenous.
However, exogenous infection of the mucous membrane of the eye is not excluded when the contents of the vesicles that form with herpes on the lips or chickenpox get on it.
Especially often exogenous infection occurs in preschool children due to their increased physical activity, stay in organized groups and low levels of hygiene. The proportion of exogenous herpetic lesions of the eyes in this age group can reach 80%. It is also possible exogenous infection of newborns when passing through the birth canal of a mother with genital herpes.
Pathogenesis of the disease
With exo- or endogenous penetration into the eye, the virus begins to multiply in the surface layer of the cornea. The pathogen accumulates in keratocytes, ruptures the membrane and goes outside, infecting neighboring cells. The release of the virus is accompanied by the death and desquamation of corneal cells and other tissues involved in the infectious process.
In addition to mechanical defects, the multiplication of the virus causes autoimmune damage. Since the supercapsid of herpes viruses is formed by the nuclear membrane of the affected cells, it carries antigens on its surface - protein molecules characteristic of the human body. On the one hand, this partially masks the virus from the effects of the immune system, allowing it to spread throughout the body. On the other hand, antibodies produced in response to the introduction of a virus can destroy a person's own cells, mistakenly recognizing them as foreign.
Symptoms and clinical picture of ophthalmic herpes
Some of the symptoms of ophthalmic herpes are similar to those with eye lesions of an allergic and bacterial nature. These include redness of the eyelids and eyeball, lacrimation and photophobia, pain and foreign body sensation in the eye.
In case of herpetic lesions of the retina, various forms of keratitis, in addition to the indicated signs, the following are also observed:
- decreased visual acuity or blurred vision;
- flashes and sparks before the eyes;
- distortion of the shape and size of objects;
- double vision;
- violation of twilight vision.
Often there is a convulsive closing of the eyelids - blepharospasm.
With herpetic neuritis of the optic nerve, there is severe pain in the orbit and superciliary arch, narrowing of the field of vision or a blind spot in its center, pain when moving the eyes, a feeling of a veil before the eyes. Possible nausea, headache, fever.
Clinical forms
With primary infection with herpes viruses, ophthalmic herpes occurs quite rarely. More than 90% of cases are eye lesions that occur during recurrent infections. In this case, tissue damage can be superficial or deep and affect only the anterior section of the eye (sclera, conjunctiva, cornea), or the anterior and posterior (choroid, retina, optic nerve) sections.
The table below shows the clinical forms of ophthalmic herpes:
| Lesions of the anterior region |
Posterior lesions |
| Surface |
Retinochoroiditis (formation of a cloudy white lesion in the retina) |
|
Conjunctivitis |
Chorioretinitis (inflammation of the posterior choroid) |
|
Blepharoconjunctivitis (inflammation of the conjunctiva and eyelids) |
Uveitis (inflammation of the choroid) |
|
keratitis (damage to the cornea)
|
Inflammation of the optic nerve (neuritis) |
|
Corneal erosion |
Perivasculitis (superficial vascular inflammation) |
|
Episcleritis (inflammation of the connective tissue between the sclera and conjunctiva) |
Acute retinal necrosis syndrome (rapid retinal death with severe inflammation of the choroid) |
| Deep |
Central serous retinopathy (macular detachment) |
|
Metaherpetic keratitis (damage to large areas of the corneal stroma) |
Anterior ischemic retinopathy (stagnation of blood in the retina) |
Deep keratitis without ulceration
|
Approaches to the diagnosis of the disease
Inflammatory eye diseases of various natures often have similar symptoms, which do not clearly determine their cause.
The basis for the diagnosis of ophthalmic herpes is a complex of characteristic symptoms, taking into account infectious diseases and other provoking factors in the anamnesis, as well as assessing the improvement in the patient's condition during treatment with antiherpetic drugs.
Inspection with a slit lamp is mandatory, which often reveals corneal lesions typical of herpesvirus infection: single or treelike ulcerations, foci of opacity, vascular inflammation and venous stasis.
The most accurate diagnostic method is the immunofluorescence reaction (RIF), or the method of fluorescent antibodies (MFA). The essence of the method lies in the treatment of scraping cells of the affected tissue with antibodies to the herpes virus labeled with a fluorochrome. From the material obtained, smears are prepared and examined under a fluorescent microscope.
As an illuminator in such a microscope, an ultraviolet lamp is used, when irradiated, a fluorochrome emits a green or orange glow. If herpes viruses are the cause of the disease, their antigens are on the membranes of the affected cells, with which the labeled antibodies react. If the result is positive, luminous cells are found in the smears.
In severe or doubtful cases, the determination of antibodies to the virus is carried out by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The herpetic nature of eye lesions is indicated by the presence of immunoglobulins M, low-avid IgG, or a fourfold increase in the IgG titer with a double examination with an interval of 14-21 days.
The research method is determined by the stage and form of the disease. It must be remembered that contacting a doctor in the early stages of infection will avoid not only complications, but also invasive methods of sampling.
What are the possible complications?
With superficial localization of the infectious process and timely treatment, ophthalmic herpes, as a rule, passes without consequences.
With the involvement of the deep structures of the eye, a decrease in visual acuity is often observed due to clouding of the cornea and vitreous humor, and corneal blindness may occur.
Long-term herpetic eye infection in some cases leads to cataracts and glaucoma. Retinal lesions are often accompanied by hemorrhage or necrotization (death), resulting in partial or complete detachment with irreversible loss of vision.
Treatment
The treatment regimen for ophthalmic herpes depends on the clinical form of the disease. With superficial lesions, they are limited to specific (etiotropic) and symptomatic therapy. The first is aimed at suppressing the activity of the pathogen, the second is at alleviating the symptoms of the disease (edema, pain, lacrimation, impaired blood supply and trophism).
The direct impact on the herpes virus is central to successful treatment. To do this, three approaches are used:
- the use of antiviral drugs (usually acyclovir and its derivatives);
- nonspecific immunotherapy (interferon inducers, immunoglobulin preparations);
- specific immunotherapy (herpes vaccine, antiherpetic immunoglobulin).
The maximum effect is obtained by the combined use of drugs with different mechanisms of action. This approach allows for quick relief of symptoms and a decrease in the frequency of relapses.
In case of damage to the deep structures of the eye, in addition to drug treatment, they resort to surgical intervention (microdathermocoagulation, keratoplasty, neurotomy, laser coagulation). These methods are aimed at eliminating or limiting the lesion.
Symptomatic therapy includes the use of vitamins, anticonvulsants, decongestants, analgesics and resorption drugs, which are most often administered by drip, by means of electro- or phonophoresis.
Drugs for the treatment of ophthalmic herpes
Etiotropic therapy of herpes lesions of the eyes is carried out locally with the help of ointments and drops, as well as systemically tableted and injectable forms of drugs. The most common remedies for targeting herpes viruses include:
- Oftan IMU is one of the first drugs for the treatment of herpetic lesions of the eyes. In terms of chemical structure, it is an analogue of the nitrogenous base of thymine, which is part of DNA. Due to the similarity of the structure, it blocks the enzymes responsible for the incorporation of thymine into the nucleic acids, and suppresses the multiplication of the virus. Available as drops for topical use;
- Trifluorothymidine (TFT) is an analogue of Oftan IDU with a similar mechanism of action, but less toxic and better soluble in water, which facilitates administration. It is used in the form of eye drops;
- Vidarabine (Ara-A) is a structural analog of adenine that blocks the formation of viral nucleic acids. Available as a 3% ointment;
- Acyclovir for herpes in the eyes is prescribed internally in tablet form and locally in the form of an ointment (Zovirax, Virolex). The mechanism of action of the drug is also associated with the inhibition of enzymes involved in DNA synthesis, due to the structural similarity of the active substance with guanosine;
- Valtrex (Valacyclovir) is an acyclovir derivative with a similar effect against herpes viruses. It is administered orally in the form of tablets. Valacyclovir is an inactive form of acyclovir that converts to acyclovir in the human body;
- Florenal, tebrofen, bonafton, riodoxol are synthetic antiviral agents for topical use in the form of an ointment. In the treatment of ophthalmic herpes, they are laid behind the eyelids and applied to the affected skin around the eyes.
Nonspecific immunocorrection is carried out with immunoglobulin preparations and interferonogenesis inducers.
Immunoglobulin preparations include interferon α, interlock, reaferon.
Interferon α and interlock are a mixture of human leukocyte interferons obtained from donor blood. The antiviral effect is associated with the modification of the membranes of healthy cells, preventing the penetration of the virus. Both drugs are used as drops.
Reaferon is a recombinant interferon synthesized by bacterial cells with an inserted human interferon genome. The mechanism of action is similar to that of reaferon and interlock. It is injected directly into the eye, or in the form of periocular injections.
The most popular interferon inducers are pyrogenal, poludanum, thymalin, taktivin, levamisole, lycopid, sodium nucleinate, amiksin, cycloferon. These drugs are prescribed both systemically (in tablet and injectable forms) and locally in the form of periocular injections.
The introduction of inductors leads to the activation of interferon synthesis by the body's own cells. This reduces the risk of side effects, since the use of donor and recombinant interferons can cause allergic reactions.
Specific immunocorrection is carried out using a herpes vaccine or antiherpetic interferon.
The vaccine is a mixture of inactivated herpesvirus types 1 and 2. In the pharmacy chain, the vaccine is represented by the drugs Vitagerpavak (Russia), Gerpovaks (Russia), Gerpevak (Belgium). The vaccine is administered intradermally every six months between relapses of the disease.
Antiherpetic interferon (Gerpferon) is a combined preparation in the form of an ointment for topical use. Contains two active components - recombinant interferon and acyclovir at a concentration of 3%. The combination of these components provides an effect on the pathogen and protection of healthy cells from its introduction.
In case of deep lesions of the eyes, in addition to the listed groups of drugs, mydriatics, antiseptics and antibiotics, antiallergic drugs are administered.
The use of mydriatics is necessary to reduce ciliary muscle spasm and photophobia. These drugs include Atropine, Midriacil, Cyclomed, Irifrin.
A common complication of severe ophthalmic herpes is the addition of bacterial infections. For their treatment and prevention (during surgery), antibiotics and antiseptics are prescribed in the form of drops or ointments.
The most commonly used injections are cephalosporins (ceftriaxone) and fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin); ofloxacin, tobramycin, lomefloxacin in the form of drops; ointments based on tetracycline and erythromycin. The choice of the drug is carried out on the basis of bacteriological research.
The need to use a complex set of drugs often leads to allergic reactions. To prevent them, antihistamines are prescribed - Lekrolin, Tavegil, Suprastin, Diphenhydramine.
In case of optic neuritis, drugs are additionally prescribed that improve blood supply and tissue nutrition - nicotinic acid, pentoxifylline, vitamins of group B, A, PP and C.
To eliminate opacity, dionin, lidase, vitreous preparations, aloe, calcium chloride, amidopyrine, etc. are used. The action of these agents is aimed at resolving infiltrates and restoring damaged tissues.
Preventing eye infections with the herpes virus
The main set of preventive measures is aimed at interrupting the pathways of transmission of the pathogen: refusal of direct contact with a sick person, the use of individual dishes, towels, cosmetics, careful adherence to the rules of personal hygiene in the presence of other forms of herpes.
Pregnant women infected with genital herpes are prescribed treatment and thorough treatment of the birth canal to avoid infection of the baby during childbirth.
With recurrent herpes, vaccination with an anti-herpes vaccine and the introduction of immunomodulatory drugs are carried out under mandatory medical supervision. Additionally, they adjust the diet, prescribe multivitamins, exercise and hardening procedures as a means of increasing immunity.
Useful video about the possible dangers associated with herpes infection
Loading ...