Sinus tachycardia of the heart: what it is, the main symptoms and the purpose of treatment. Sinus tachycardia - danger, symptoms and treatment, drugs Sinus tachycardia heart rate 90

Heart palpitations - is it dangerous or not? It all depends on what caused the increase in heart rate. It is one thing if the attack began after a fright, and another when there are chronic diseases.

So, let's figure out what it is - sinus tachycardia of the heart, is it dangerous and how, what are its symptoms and what is the treatment.

Sinus tachycardia is a form of arrhythmia, what does it mean? This type of tachycardia is caused by a disorder:

• the generation of impulses by the sinus node, which controls the heart rate;
• conduction of impulses from the sinus node to the ventricles.

The sinus node is the part of the heart in which sinus rhythm is formed. There, a wave of excitement arises, which spreads to the heart and contributes to its synchronous work.

In adults the limiting norm is considered to be a heart rate (HR) of 100 beats per minute... For children, this indicator is calculated by age, and an excess of heart rate by 10% of the age norm is considered a deviation.

With sinus tachycardia, the heart rate is 95-130 beats per minute (no physical activity), 150-160 - with stress... For athletes, this figure can reach 180-240 strokes.

Forms

Distinguish between functional and pathological (or long-term) forms.

Functional

Functional means the acceleration of sinus rhythm in response to stress (physical or emotional), fever. The heart rate returns to normal as soon as the cause is eliminated.

Pathological

The pathological form occurs at rest. It is caused by extracardiac and intracardiac factors.

Differences from other species

There are also paroxysmal tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation.

It differs from sinus tachycardia in that in the first case, the attack begins suddenly, Heart rate is 120-250 beats per minute, while maintaining the correct rhythm during the attack.

With physiological sinus tachycardia, the heart rate increases smoothly, for the paroxysmal form, suddenness is characteristic.

Ventricular fibrillation, a life-threatening condition in which blood is not thrown out of the heart and the work of the organ stops... In this case, there is a chaotic contraction of myocardial fibers (250-480 beats per minute).

Usually, the symptom occurs as a complication, as well as due to shock and severe potassium deficiency in the blood.

Ventricular fibrillation is a medical emergency!

Development mechanism

Sinus tachycardia develops according to one of the scenarios:

• Activation of the symptomatic system, which is part of the nervous system. The substance norepinephrine from nerve fibers activates the sinus node.
• Decreased activity of the parasympathetic system. Its substance acetylcholine inhibits the generation of impulses, which leads to a decrease in heart rate. When the activity of the parasympathetic system decreases, the role of the sympathetic system increases, as a result of which the heart rate increases.
• Direct influence of influencing factors on the sinoatrial node during normal functioning of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. The active substances act on the cells that generate the impulse and excite them.

Causes

Symptom occurs more often in young... The reason for this is the immaturity of the nervous system. The body needs a balance between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. But at a young age, the balance is poorly maintained, so there are overbalances, which causes an attack (cardioneurosis).

Various factors contribute to the development of sinus tachycardia. Physiological form - reaction to stress, stressful situation, high temperature. As for pathological CT, there are extracardiac and intracardiac groups of factors.

Extracardiac factors include:

• Neurogenic- develops in individuals (more often in young women) with an unstable nervous system, with a tendency to neurosis, depression, etc., which is explained by the high sensitivity of heart receptors to stress hormones.
• Toxic- caused by toxic substances - alcohol, tobacco, as well as internal factors (thyrotoxicosis, adrenal tumor - pheochromocytoma, more often manifested in women), chronic infections (tuberculosis, tonsillitis).
• Drug- occurs due to activity or overdose. This is how hormonal agents, drugs for the treatment of lung ailments, hypertension, antidepressants affect the body.
• Hypoxic- this is how the body reacts to oxygen deficiency. In turn, the cause of hypoxia is respiratory diseases and blood pathologies, in which gas delivery to organs and systems is impaired (anemia, leukemia, chronic blood loss, etc.).

Intracardial factors are caused by heart disease... Often (but not always) the development of sinus tachycardia in people with heart disease indicates heart failure or impaired left ventricular function, since then there is a decrease in ejection fraction or a clinically significant deterioration in hemodynamics within the heart.

Most often, the intracardiac form of CT develops with the following pathologies:

• chronic heart failure;
• with ischemic heart disease;
• cardiomyopathy;

Learn more about the disease from the video:

Symptoms

During an attack of sinus tachycardia in a patient the following symptoms may appear:

• "Fluttering" of the heart, rapid heart rate;
• dyspnea;
• heaviness, "tightness" in the chest (occurs when there is no load);
• dizziness, loss of consciousness;
• constricting chest pain (no longer than 5 minutes) - with coronary heart disease;
• general weakness, decreased performance, exercise intolerance (with a pathological form).

Functional CT usually does not require medical intervention, it goes away after the elimination of the provoking factor. However, manifestations such as chest pain, loss of consciousness are a reason for an urgent visit to a doctor.

Diagnostics

A complete picture of the severity of the condition is obtained after the examination. Diagnostic activities include:

• analysis of anamnesis- the patient is asked to describe the sensations, possible cause-and-effect relationships, the presence of chronic diseases, living conditions, bad habits, etc.;
• physical examination- examine the skin, examine the condition of hair, nails;
• auscultation- the respiratory rate, wheezing and heart murmurs are determined, which makes it possible to identify the cause of the pathology;
• - shows anemia, the level of leukocytes (increases with chronic disease);
• - gives an idea of ​​the level of cholesterol (low and high density), glucose, potassium, creatine, urea, allows you to exclude diabetes mellitus, kidney disease, changes in the chemical composition of the blood;
• urinalysis (general)- excludes diseases of the urinary tract;
• hormonal analysis- to determine the level of hormones produced by the thyroid gland;
• echocardiography() - detects structural changes.

The main and most informative study is, or ECG, as well as (recording is carried out continuously for 24–72 hours, at rest and under stress).

ECG signs of sinus tachycardia are presented in this illustration:

The patient is prescribed consultations with a psychotherapist, otolaryngologist, and other specialists.

How and what to treat

The main goal of treatment is to eliminate the cause of the attacks, since sinus angina is a symptom of other ailments. The therapy is selected and prescribed by a cardiologist.

Correction of daily routine and habits

This block of activities includes:

• refusal from addictions - the use of alcoholic beverages, drugs, smoking;
• correction of the diet - patients are advised to eat foods rich in fiber and give up fatty, hot, spicy foods, reduce the amount of coffee, tea;
• adherence to sleep and rest.

Elimination of chronic diseases

If the examination revealed that the cause of the tachycardia was an infection, then the treatment is directed to eliminate it. The patient is prescribed sanitation for diseases of the oral cavity, removal of a diseased tooth or inflamed tonsils, antibiotic therapy.

With a lack of iron and anemia, it is indicated taking medications with this element, in case of bleeding - the introduction of solutions in order to restore the volume of the blood mass.

Lack of oxygen due to bronchopulmonary diseases is eliminated by introducing gas through a catheter into the nasal passages.

Prescribed drugs

Medicines to eliminate the tachycardia itself are prescribed when the patient does not tolerate a rapid heartbeat. For sinus tachycardia, the following drugs are used:

• beta blockers- block receptors that react to stress hormones adrenaline and norepinephrine;
• if-channel inhibitors- control the degree of excitation in the sinus node, heart rate;
• sedatives based on medicinal plants - motherwort, valerian root, hawthorn.

Recovery

The patient can be shown spa treatment in Kislovodsk, other health resorts, if the cause is intracardiac factors. In other cases, rehabilitation measures depend on the underlying disease.

• exclude intense emotional stress - at home and at work;
• sleep 8 hours a day;
• eat right, giving up spicy and fatty foods;
• eat vegetables, herbs, fish (especially seafood) every day;
• give up addictions;
• do gymnastics (at least 30 minutes daily);
• control body weight.

Controversial techniques

Doctors argue about is it possible to take cardiac glycosides with sinus tachycardia. In particular, this applies to digoxin. According to the Russian method, a combination of beta-blockers and digoxin, sometimes with calcium antagonists, achieve a clear control over the heart rate.

The range of drugs for the treatment of tachycardia is limited, since this can have side effects with long-term therapy. If drug therapy is not possible, they resort to electrical stimulation of the myocardium.

Sinus tachycardia in old age is treated surgically, while pacemakers are installed, which makes it possible to eliminate the blockade of the atrioventricular node.

Forecast

The prognosis is serious enough if sinus tachycardia is a symptom of heart failure or left ventricular dysfunction. Then the course of the disease is aggravated.

It is important to remember that sinus tachycardia can be a manifestation of other ailments... But in childhood, during pregnancy and in adolescents, this is often the norm. Then drugs can be harmful.

Therefore, it is forbidden to take any action on your own. Only a specialist after an extensive examination can determine the degree of danger, the advisability of prescribing drugs.

The normal heart rate (according to WHO) is recognized as an interval from 60 to 89 beats per minute or a little more. Anything higher is already tachycardia (usually from 100 beats per minute), lower is bradycardia. Both conditions are types of arrhythmia.

Sinus tachycardia of the heart is an increase in the frequency of contractions of an organ up to 100 beats per minute and higher with the correct rhythm.

The term "sinus" indicates the etiology of the process. That is, the disease-causing change is localized in the natural driver - the sinus node. This is taken into account both in determining the form of pathology, and in the selection of therapeutic tactics.

According to statistics (according to European data), sinus or sinusoidal tachycardia occurs in 15% of patients, many do not notice it, due to the low intensity of manifestations.

The process has pathological causes only in 40% of clinical situations. The remaining 60% is a temporary physiological phenomenon (idiopathic tachycardia). Most of the patients, according to already American sources, are located in the northern regions (including Russia, China, Scandinavian countries).

The types of the pathological process are distinguished based on the heart rate.

Based on this criterion, three main varieties are called:

• Weakly expressed. Heart rate does not exceed 110 beats per minute.
• Moderate tachycardia. The frequency is more than 130 beats. in min.
• Expressed. From 131 beats per minute.

Other classifications are of little clinical importance. It is possible to subdivide sinus tachycardia into primary, independent of other factors, it develops on its own, and secondary (due to one or another disease, cardiac or non-cardiac (more often) origin).

The mechanism of the problem formation is always the same. A special accumulation of sensitive cells or the so-called sinus node is responsible for the normal rhythm. It generates electrical impulses.

In theory, the heart can work autonomously for a long time. This is proved by the vegetative existence of patients with diagnosed brain death, but a preserved trunk, which is responsible for maintaining the activity of the heart in principle.

From the sinus node along the bundles of His, the impulse is transmitted to other structures, and so on throughout the muscular organ until a complete contraction occurs. The cycle lasts continuously. The moment of impact is systole, relaxation is diastole. This allows the heart to work smoothly for decades.

As a result of a violation of conductivity in tissues or pathological or natural excitation of the sinus node, the frequency of contractions accelerates, sometimes to significant levels.

Causes and factors of development

As already noted, there are two types.

Physiological

Not associated with any disease. Sinus tachycardia of a natural kind differs in 3 points:

• Arises suddenly, stops just as quickly.
• Not accompanied by severe symptoms. Minor symptoms such as shortness of breath or sweating are possible.
• Does not pose a danger to health and life.

Among the factors of formation:

... Usually inadequate. Lack of training of the body, somatic diseases and other factors significantly limit the functional activity of the heart. In this case, the organ tries to compensate for at least part of the weakened blood circulation by increasing the frequency of contractions. For obvious reasons, this cannot end with anything good. Cardiogenic shock, heart attack, or stroke. The load must be dosed and increased gradually, preferably according to a verified scheme. In some diseases, such as hypertension, this is completely contraindicated.
• Abuse of caffeine on this day or the day before. For adult patients with pathologies of the cardiovascular system, such drinks are not allowed in principle. Others are allowed, but with restrictions. Sinus tachycardia in such a situation is stopped by improvised means and vagal techniques.
• Stress, intense psycho-emotional stress. Gives a slight acceleration of cardiac activity, due to a long-term increase in the concentration of stimulating hormones. Symptoms are minimal, but the patient feels a throbbing in the chest, which is not the norm.
• Jar of Hearts. Momentary character. It can have different forms and features, this is a psychological issue, not a medical one. The result is an avalanche-like increase in the amount of cortisol and adrenaline in the circulatory system. Hence the vegetative manifestations: fainting, palpitations, loss of orientation in space, also depersonalization and transient mental deviations.
• Night terrors or nightmares. Cause a temporary increase in heart rate. They do not pose any danger to health and life. All manifestations disappear in 2-3 minutes or even faster.

Sinus tachycardia, to some extent "correct". Because the main pacemaker is excited. This is physiological, although it can be dangerous. It is much worse if the ventricles or atria are included in the process. Such pathologies are much more difficult to diagnose and more difficult to treat.

Disease factors

The following somatic problems are possible:

• Osteochondrosis and vertebrobasilar insufficiency. Directly affect the quality of cerebral circulation and nutrition of cerebral structures, which are partly responsible for stimulating cardiac activity. Symptoms in the early stages are blurred, the complete clinical picture includes pain in the neck, head, fainting, vertigo, paresthesia (fingers go numb).

• Other neurological conditions. From brain tumors to epilepsy. Diagnostics under the supervision of a specialized specialist by means of EEG, CT, MRI, status assessment.
• Blood pressure surges. Also, persistent increases or decreases in the tonometer indicator. Both are dangerous. Hypotensive patients should not hope for a miracle. The manifestations are surprisingly nearly identical. Symptoms include headache, vertigo, nausea, vomiting, weakness, lethargy, drowsiness, fainting, darkening of the eyes, and tinnitus.
• Inadequate nutrition of the body as a result of anorexia, malignant processes in the terminal phase, problems with the gastrointestinal tract. Cachexia does not manifest itself immediately, but after some time. Restoration of adequate tissue trophism is the task of treatment. And here problems arise: the stomach is able to take food, but the walls are atrophied, a rupture is possible. Such patients are fed with caution, in a strictly verified amount.
• Congenital and acquired heart defects. Among them, there are a lot of options, many do not make themselves felt at all, the only symptom is work stoppage. Post-facto diagnostics on the pathologist's desk.
• Endocarditis, myocarditis... Inflammatory lesions of cardiac structures. Usually infectious, less often of autoimmune origin. Outside of treatment lead to destruction of the myocardium or atria. The only way to recover is complex and expensive prosthetics.

• Anemic processes. As a result of a lack of vitamin B12 (megaloblastic type) or iron (iron deficiency type). By themselves, such phenomena are the result of insufficient quality nutrition or regular bleeding (the menstrual cycle does not count).

• COPD, pulmonary artery disease... Usually go hand in hand. Therefore, it is better for chronic smokers to be on the alert. Rapid, but quiet changes in the structures of the respiratory tract are possible. They can be detected already at later stages. If you have shortness of breath after minor physical activity, heart problems, pallor of the skin, cold fingers or toes, it is better to consult a pulmonologist. The next step is to quit the addiction.

• Metabolic problems. Outwardly manifested by obesity of varying severity. Nutrition is subject to correction. Treatment is also required. Usually the etiology of the process is endocrine or mixed.
• Infectious phenomena. Even a cold is enough to increase the rate of heart activity. Such tachycardia is persistent in itself, it is difficult to stop even with drugs, not to mention the "grandmother's" recipes and vagal techniques. Detoxification measures are needed, that is, the fight against the root cause.
• Hypercortisolism, hyperthyroidism... Excess hormones from the adrenal and thyroid glands, respectively.

Finally, there are also regulated, controllable factors: smoking, alcoholism, drug use. It is highly discouraged to take antihypertensive drugs, diuretics, tonic drugs uncontrollably.

Symptoms

The sinus form of tachycardia can flow constantly or paroxysmal (paroxysmal form). In the first case, the patient quickly ceases to feel the problem, as the body adapts. It is important to catch manifestations in a timely manner.

Among those:

• Panic attack. It is caused by impaired blood flow in the brain. Accompanied by a strong feeling of fear, a desire to hide. Are fraught with suicidal attempts, but in themselves such signs of danger do not carry. Everything passes without a trace at the end of the acute period.
• Feeling of a heartbeat in the chest. An extremely uncomfortable moment that significantly reduces the quality of life.
• Pain behind the sternum, aching or pressing. May indicate myocardial infarction. If a similar symptom appears, especially if it lasts over 15-20 minutes, you should call an ambulance.
• Dizziness for no apparent reason.
• Weakness and drowsiness.

Objectively, you can also detect additional arrhythmia (unequal intervals between heart beats), a drop in blood pressure by 20-30 mm Hg from the norm.

First aid for an attack

If sinus tachycardia has already taken root in the body, that is, it shows resistance (immunity to treatment), there is little good from the recommendations presented. In other situations, it makes sense to try to stop the episode on your own.

It is necessary to strictly adhere to the algorithm:

• Measure blood pressure and heart rate. This is important for the subsequent assessment of the effectiveness of therapy.
• Take a beta-blocker tablet (Anaprilin or Carvedilol). Strictly one, you cannot exceed the dosage.
• Drink tea with St. John's wort, chamomile, valerian, motherwort and peppermint. Eat 2 tablespoons of lemon with honey.
• Take a horizontal position, move less.
• Apply vagal techniques: press on the eyeballs with light force, for 10-15 seconds, and continue so for 5 minutes. Breathe regularly (5 seconds for each element of the cycle), repeat for 10 minutes.

Re-evaluate the levels of blood pressure and heart rate. In the absence of effect or when the process aggravates, call an ambulance. Experiments on the body are not recommended.

Diagnostics

It is carried out under the supervision of a cardiologist in an inpatient or outpatient setting. As needed, an endocrinologist and other specialists are involved.

The following list can be presented as a survey scheme:

• Oral assessment of the patient's complaints with the fixation of symptoms in writing.
• Collecting anamnesis. Standard clarification of the probable causes of the pathological process. You need to tell everything. The doctor will separate the wheat from the chaff.
• Measurement of blood pressure, heart rate.
• Electrocardiography. In the absence of tachycardia at the moment, the ECG is taken with stress tests (the most gentle is bicycle ergometry).
• Echocardiography. Ultrasonic methods for assessing the state of the structures of the muscular organ.
• With hypertension and pulmonary problems, the picture becomes obvious even for an inexperienced diagnostician.
• Angiography.
• General blood test, for hormones, biochemical.

Other studies are assigned as necessary.

Therapeutic tactics

Treatment of sinus tachycardia is heterogeneous, there are several ways to eliminate the condition.

Medicinal effects

The drugs of a number of pharmaceutical groups are used:

• Adrenoblockers. Carvedilol, Anaprilin. Prevents high blood pressure and sinus node stimulation.
• Antiarrhythmics: Amiodarone and analogues.
• Calcium channel blockers. Diltiazem, Verapamil.
• Cardiac glycosides: Digoxin and lily of the valley tincture.
• Sedatives and tranquilizers: motherwort, valerial, Diazepam and others.
• Magnesium-calcium complexes (Asparkam, Magnelis).

The consistency of the application is important. Either all groups of drugs are used, or several. The final list of drugs, their combination and dosage is selected by the doctor.

Surgical intervention

• With congenital and acquired defects - their elimination.
• Tissue tears - normalization of anatomical integrity.
• Severe sinus tachycardia is controlled by implantation of a pacemaker or artificial pacemaker.
• Atrial destruction - prosthetics.

Techniques are used in extreme cases.

Folk recipes

• Anise, calendula and valerian. 50 g of each component, 300 ml of water. Drink 2 tsp. 3 times a day for a month.
• Motherwort, peppermint and St. John's wort. 100 g of crushed raw materials, 0.5 l of boiling water. Take a glass or two a day.
• Melissa. Broth (200 grams per 500 ml of water). Drink half a glass a day.
• Lemon with honey and dried apricots. Any amount.

The use of these recipes is not the main treatment, but an aid to it, the main goal is symptomatic relief.

Lifestyle change

• Rejection of bad habits.
• 8 hours sleep.
• 2 hours of physical activity per day (walks).
• Correct drinking regime (1.8-2 liters per day).
• Refusal of large amounts of salt (no more than 7 grams per day).

Diet correction:

Can:

• Cereals, porridge (except for semolina, it is only in moderate limits).
• Fermented milk products (minimally fatty).
• Oils, including butter.
• Boiled eggs.
• Dried fruits, nuts, honey.
• Coarse bread.
• Lean meat and soups based on it.
• Berries.
• A fish.

It is forbidden:

• Roast.
• Smoked.
• Semi-finished products, canned food.
• Salt more than 7 grams per day.
• Fat meat.
• Sweets.
• Chocolate.
• Coffee.
• Energy.
• Fast food.

Treatment tables No. 3 and No. 10 are recommended, with a slight correction of the menu in both directions. Better under the supervision of a nutritionist. It is important not to eat at night, to give up a hearty dinner. Eat as little as possible.

Predictions and complications

Sinus tachycardia is dangerous for prolonged periods. The probability of fatal consequences is 3-7%. Competent treatment reduces risks by several times.

Possible consequences in the absence of therapy:

• Heart failure.
• Cardiogenic shock.
• Heart attack.
• Stroke.
• Ischemic heart disease and the charms associated with it.
• Resistance of tachycardia to medications.

Prevention

• Quitting smoking, alcohol.
• Normalization of the diet.
• Drinking regime 2 liters per day.
• Salt restriction.
• Physical activity (2 hours of absenteeism per day).
• Adequate sleep.
• Avoiding stress and overload.

Sinus tachycardia means an increase in the pulse rate of more than 100 beats per minute as a result of a violation of the conduction of the sinus node, or its natural excitement.

The danger is minimal, but there are always risks. Therefore, you should not turn a blind eye to the problem. Treatment by a cardiologist is the most correct decision.

The causes of sinus tachycardia are contributing to intracardiac (cardiac), or extracardiac (non-cardiac) etiological factors.
Sinus tachycardia in a sick person with cardiovascular disease is most often a warning symptom of left ventricular dysfunction or heart failure.

Intracardial causes of sinus tachycardia are: acute and prolonged chronic heart failure, myocardial infarction, acute angina pectoris, myocarditis, cardiomyopathy,
cardiosclerosis, heart defects, bacterial endocarditis, exudative and adhesive pericarditis.
Physiological extracardiac causes of sinus tachycardia can be physical activity, psychological stress, congenital predisposition.

Neurogenic tachycardia accounts for the majority of extracardiac
arrhythmias and is associated with a primary dysfunction of the cerebral cortex and subcortical nodes, as well as pathology of the autonomic nervous system:
neuroses, affective psychoses (tachycardia), neurocirculatory
dystonia. Most often young people with a labile nervous system are exposed to neurogenic tachycardia.

In other factors of extracardiac tachycardia, endocrine disorders (thyrotoxicosis, high production of adrenaline in pheochromocytoma), anemia, severe vascular insufficiency (shock, collapse, large blood loss, fainting), hypoxemia, acute attacks of pain (renal colic) can be found.

Manifestations of tachycardia can provoke a fever, progressing with a kind of various infectious inflammatory diseases (tuberculosis, pneumonia, focal infections, tonsillitis, sepsis). With an increase in body temperature by 1 ° C, the heart rate increases, in children by 10-15 beats per minute, and in adults by 8-9 beats per minute.

Pharmacological (medication) and toxic sinus tachycardias appear when a medicinal and chemical substance acts on the functioning of the sinus node: aminophylline, alcohol, nicotine, corticosteroids, sympathomimetics (adrenaline and norepinephrine), vagolytics (atropine), thyroid-stimulating hormones, diuretics, coffee, coffee, tea), poisons (nitrates), etc. Some substances do not have a direct effect on the functions of the sinus node and cause reflex tachycardia by an increase in the state of the sympathetic nervous system.

Sinus tachycardia as a condition is both adequate and inadequate. Inadequate sinus tachycardia is at rest and does not depend on exertion, the use of drugs, accompanied by a feeling of a strong heartbeat and a lack of air. This is a rather rare and poorly studied disease of undetermined genesis. It is assumed that it depends on the primary lesion of the sinus node.

Sinus tachycardia symptoms, heart palpitations

The clinical symptoms of sinus tachycardia depend on the degree of its severity, duration, and the nature of the underlying disease.

Sinus tachycardia may not have at all or have not pronounced subjective symptoms: rapid heartbeat, unpleasant sensation, a feeling of heaviness or pain in the region of the heart.

Inadequate sinus tachycardia, symptoms can manifest itself in such abnormalities as: persistent heartbeat, feeling short of breath, shortness of breath, weakness, frequent dizziness.
And also symptoms can manifest itself in fatigue, insomnia, decreased appetite, performance, deterioration in mood.

The degree of subjective symptoms is dictated by the underlying disease and the sensitivity of the nervous system. With heart disease (for example, coronary atherosclerosis), an increase in the number of heart contractions can cause an attack of angina pectoris, a complication of the symptoms of heart failure.

With sinus tachycardia, there is a gradual end and beginning. In cases of severe tachycardia, symptoms may reflect abnormal blood supply to various organs and tissues due to a decrease in cardiac output.

Dizziness and fainting occur; with damage to the vessels of the brain of the head - foci of neurological disorders and convulsions. With prolonged tachycardia, a drop in blood pressure (arterial hypotension) occurs, a small diuresis, cold extremities can be observed.

Diagnosis of sinus tachycardia, identification of the causes

Measures for the diagnosis of tachycardia are the diagnosis of the causes (cardiac pathology or factors outside the heart) and the differentiation of ectopic and sinus tachycardia.

ECG plays a leading role in the differential diagnosis of the form of tachycardia, identifying the frequency and rhythm of heart contractions.

Daily monitoring of the ECG (Holter) is very informative and absolutely safe for the patient, diagnostics and analysis of all types of cardiac arrhythmias, the work of the heart in normal conditions of the patient's active life is carried out.
EchoCG (echocardiography), MRI of the heart (magnetic resonance imaging) are performed to diagnose the pathology inside the heart that causes the pathology of tachycardia.
EFI (electrophysiological study) of the heart, designed to study the passage of an electric pulse through the muscle of the heart, makes it possible to diagnose the mechanism of tachycardia and cardiac conduction disturbances.

Additional diagnostic methods (general blood analysis, detection of the presence of thyroid-stimulating hormone in the blood, EEG of the brain of the head, etc.) exclude the occurrence of blood diseases, endocrine pathologies, pathological activity of the central nervous system, etc.

Treatment of sinus tachycardia, exclusion of causes

The principle of treatment of sinus tachycardia is determined, in the main, by the cause of its occurrence. Treatment must be carried out by a cardiologist together with other doctors. It is necessary to remove the reasons due to which the heart rate increases, to stop using: drinks containing caffeine (tea, coffee), nicotine, alcohol, spicy food, chocolate;

Learn to protect yourself from psycho-emotional and physical exhaustion. Physiological sinus tachycardia does not require treatment.
Therapy of pathological tachycardia must be directed to the treatment of the main disease. With extracardiac sinus tachycardia of a neurogenic type, the patient needs to consult a neurologist. In the treatment, psychotherapy and sedative drugs are used.

In reflex tachycardia and compensatory tachycardia (anemia, hyperthyroidism), the causes that cause them must be eliminated. Since treatment aimed at reducing the heart rate can provoke a sharp drop in blood pressure and increase the hemodynamic crisis.

Treatment of sinus tachycardia is due to thyrotoxicosis; β-blockers are used as an adjunct to thyreostatic drugs prescribed by an endocrinologist. If there are contraindications to β-blockers, similar drugs are used.

In sinus tachycardia, with the presence of heart failure, with a combination of β-blockers, glycosides for the heart are prescribed.
The target heart rate must be selected individually, based on the patient's condition and his underlying disease.

The target heart rate at rest for angina pectoris is usually in the region of 55 - 60 beats per minute, for neurocirculatory dystonia 60 - 90 beats per minute, depending on the patient's tolerance.

In paraxysmal tachycardia, an increase in the tone of the vagus nerve is achieved by special massage - pressure on the eyeballs. If there are no effects, intravenous antiarrhythmic drugs are used.

Patients with ventricular tachycardia need emergency medical care, emergency hospitalization and anti-relapse antiarrhythmic treatment.

Inadequate sinus tachycardia with ineffective b-blockers in significant deterioration of the patient's condition is stabilized by transvenous RFA of the heart (resumption of normal heart rhythm by cauterization of the affected heart areas). If the effect is absent and the patient's life is threatened, then it is necessary to carry out a surgical operation to implant a pacemaker (ECS) - an artificial pacemaker.

Sinus tachycardia treatment prognosis

Sinus tachycardia in patients with heart disease is often the result of heart failure or left ventricular dysfunction of the heart. In this case, the prognosis can be very difficult, because sinus tachycardia is a reflection of the response of the cardiovascular system to a small ejection fraction and an imbalance in intracardiac hemodynamics. With physiological sinus tachycardia, even with a pronounced subjective manifestation, the forecasts can be satisfactory.

Prevention of sinus tachycardia

Prevention of sinus tachycardia includes early diagnosis and timely therapy of cardiac pathology, elimination of non-cardiac factors that aggravate the development of violations of the heart rate and sinus node function.

One of the most dangerous types of arrhythmic disorder is cardiac tachycardia. With this pathology, the heart rate increases, which indicates serious problems in the area of ​​the heart and blood vessels. Symptoms of this ailment are observed in women and men who have reached old age.

We will consider the main signs of the disease, find out how dangerous this pathology is, and recommend suitable drugs to eliminate the trouble.

Sinus tachycardia - how dangerous is it

Before starting treatment, let's answer the main question - why is sinus tachycardia so dangerous? The reason lies in the peculiarities of the functioning of the heart muscle. This organ does not depend on the "healthiness" of the nervous system, it is completely autonomous.

This position of the muscle does not mean that it does not need a nerve impulse - it cannot do without a signal. The source of the impulse is the sinus node - a clot of heart tissue that is responsible for the frequency of heart beats.

Sinus tachycardia develops at the moment when a failure occurs in the natural "metronome". The reasons are different, but it is very difficult to deal with the consequences. Pathological sinus tachycardia is a symptom of a number of serious diseases.

Let's list some:

• ischemia of the heart;
• myocarditis.

There is also a paroxysmal type of tachycardia. Numerous disorders affecting the vital activity of the atrioventricular node lead to the development of the disease. If the heart muscle is exposed to oxygen starvation, the node begins to generate and send its own signals. The heart rate goes astray, arrhythmia sets in.

By and large, sinus tachycardia is not a disease - it is simply an accelerated mode of functioning of the heart muscle. The danger is tachycardia, which is of a pathological nature. The heart begins to wear out idly, while the ventricles do not have time to fill with blood. Blood pressure drops, heart rate accelerates, organs are less supplied with oxygen - and you already need qualified help.

Pathological sinus tachycardia is dangerous - there is not the slightest doubt about it. Prolonged oxygen starvation invariably leads to ischemia of the heart and brain. In the long term, ventricular fibrillation awaits you, which begin to contract inconsistently. The drugs no longer help - the efficiency of pumping blood is equated to zero.

The causes of the disease

Tachycardia affects different age categories, but in women it is more common. The causes of the onset of the disease are conditionally divided into two groups - etiological and cardiac (intracardiac) factors. Sinus disease can be an early symptom of left ventricular dysfunction or heart failure.

There are various reasons for this:

• chronic heart failure;
• severe angina pectoris;
• myocardial infarction;
• myocarditis;
• cardiomyopathy;
• heart defects;
• adhesive pericarditis;
• bacterial endocarditis.

Some of the reasons are of a physiological nature - these are emotional stress, physical exertion, congenital defects. There are also neurogenic tachycardias, which are based on affective psychoses, neuroses,. The risk group is made up of young people, whose nervous system is labile.

In women (occasionally in men), endocrine disorders are observed:

• pheochromocytoma;
• thyrotoxicosis;
• anemia;
• vascular insufficiency (acute forms - collapse, shock, fainting, blood loss);
• renal colic;

Infectious and inflammatory processes can also make a negative contribution. As the temperature rises, the heart rate also increases. If the treatment does not lead to the desired results for a long time, you risk getting chronic tachycardia.

Here are the most dangerous infectious diseases:

• angina;
• pneumonia;
• sepsis;
• tuberculosis;
• focal infection.

Symptoms of the disease

Signs of sinus tachycardia appear depending on the stage of the disease. Additional factors also affect the symptoms - the nature of the underlying ailment, duration, and severity. In this case, subjective symptoms are not traced or proceed unnoticed.

This group includes:

• discomfort;
• palpitations;
• heart pain;
• feeling of heaviness.

Signs of an irregular heart rhythm can manifest itself in the form of a feeling of lack of oxygen, persistent heartbeat, frequent dizziness, weakness, shortness of breath. Some patients complain of insomnia, fatigue, decreased performance, impaired appetite, worsening mood.

These subjective symptoms indicate that an urgent need to treat the underlying disease. An additional factor is the sensitivity of the nervous system. With coronary atherosclerosis, the symptoms of malaise worsen gradually, and sinus angina pectoris manifests itself in the form of attacks.

Some symptoms indicate poor blood supply to organs... Such a blood supply provokes a number of disorders, among which fainting, dizziness and even convulsions stand out. Prolonged sinus tachycardia leads to - a decrease in blood pressure. Prepare to face cold extremities and decreased urine output. Symptoms of malaise in women and men are about the same.

Methods for diagnosing tachycardia

If you suspect the symptoms listed above, immediately contact your doctor. A cardiologist is responsible for treating tachycardia, but a local therapist is also a good place to start.

You can treat yourself with folk remedies, but first you need to get competent medical advice and diagnose the main ailment.

You may be prescribed vitamins, but in some situations, more serious drugs are required.

Diagnostics always begins with a patient interview. The doctor will listen to your complaints and highlight the key symptoms of the condition. The specialist will also listen to your heart. No one will prescribe pills right away - a set of additional diagnostic measures will be required.

Here they are:

1. General blood analysis... The doctor must analyze the amount of hemoglobin, red blood cells and a number of other indicators. Sometimes sinus tachycardia is a consequence of leukemia and anemia.
2. Additional analyzes... Affect blood tests for thyroid hormones (triiodothyronine, thyroxine), as well as urinalysis, the purpose of which is to exclude the hormonal root causes of the disease.
3. ECG. The electrocardiogram method allows you to calculate the rhythm and heart rate, excludes ventricular tachycardia, the treatment of which is somewhat different. Sometimes appointed.
4. Holter ECG. The functioning of the patient's heart muscle is monitored throughout the day. The doctor receives information about the work of the affected organ during physical activity, sleep and wakefulness.
5. Ultrasound of the heart. The second name of the method is EchoCG. The work of the valves and the heart muscle itself is assessed, chronic diseases (hypertension, ischemia) and heart defects are detected.

Learning to provide first aid during an attack

With a sudden attack of tachycardia, the patient needs competent first aid. Subsequent treatment will depend on the age of the patient and the identification of comorbidities, but the required medications will be prescribed later. Now the main priority is saving human life.

First aid consists of the following steps:

1. Urgently go out into the fresh air, unbutton the collar of your shirt, stand near the open window (optional).
2. If your eyes are dark or dizzy, talk to others.
3. Something cold must be applied to the forehead (a wet towel will do).
4. Tighten your abs, hold your breath. This technique lowers the heart rate, so no medication is needed.

If first aid does not bring relief, call an ambulance immediately. Remember that self-treatment is unacceptable - you do not know against the background of what the attack proceeds. Vitamins are a good preventive measure, but in a critical situation they are useless. We will describe how to treat tachycardia below.

Modern methods of treating tachycardia

Complex treatment of tachycardia is therapeutic and surgical. In the first case, drugs are prescribed that correspond to the identified disease. These can be tablets, vitamins and other substances. They can be conditionally divided into two basic groups:

1. Sedatives... They are made on the basis of various herbs (valerian, Novo-passit), but there are also synthetic varieties (Phenobarbital, Diazepam). These substances can be used to treat vegetative-vascular dystonia. Sedatives reduce the frequency of seizures and normalize nervous activity.
2. Antiarrhythmic drugs... These drugs are combined into a fairly extensive group of antiarrhythmic action. Treatment with these medications is strictly controlled. Contraindications, allergic reactions and many other factors are taken into account. Examples of such drugs are Adenosine, Flecainide, Propranorol, Verapamil.

Drug treatment is sometimes ineffective. Surgical intervention may be required for hormonal causes of tachycardia - a tumor or a specific area of ​​the gland is removed. Cardiac surgery is prescribed for congenital heart defects, coronary artery disease or the consequences of rheumatism.

Treatment with traditional methods in these cases is relegated to the background.

We connect traditional medicine

There are quite harsh methods of therapy, including the installation of a cardioverter-defibrillator and a pacemaker, as well. In order not to bring yourself to this, you should regularly drink vitamins and use proven folk remedies.

Here are some popular recipes that can be used to treat an ailment:

• Hawthorn. A tablespoon of hawthorn (flowers required) must be poured over a glass of boiling water. Leave for twenty minutes under the lid. The infusion is taken before meals, half a glass three times a day. The course continues until complete recovery.
• Garlic with lemon... The best vitamins are given to us by nature. Take a dozen heads of garlic and the same number of lemons. Squeeze the lemon juice and grind the garlic. All this is mixed with a liter of honey. For a week, the mixture is infused in a jar under a plastic lid. Consume four teaspoons every day. The mixture should last for a couple of months.
• Decoction of adonis. Boil a glass of water, add a teaspoon of spring adonis and continue to cook for a quarter of an hour over low heat. After cooking, the dishes are covered with a lid, and the mixture is infused until it cools completely. The resulting broth is filtered. You need to drink the medicine three times a day, a tablespoon.

Do not neglect folk remedies - sometimes they give amazing results. If you do not deal with the problem, the prognosis can be rather sad. Early diagnosis is the key to future success in the battle with the disease.

0 R




The atlas is devoted to endodontic treatment of teeth in adults and children using modern instruments and equipment, a description of errors, complications, ways to prevent and eliminate them. The authors involved a large illustrative material (more than 1,500 drawings and photographs), which makes it possible to clearly show the stages of treatment and restoration of teeth.

3 030 R




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7 190 R




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4 490 R




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1 890 R




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6 690 R




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1 790 R




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3 290 R




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550 R




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4 470 R




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4 440 R




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3 130 R




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1 860 R




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5 490 R




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1 890 R




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1 920 R




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3 330 R




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550 R




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1 840 R




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1 930 R




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3 130 R




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2 990 R




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1 690 R




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1 640 R




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2 620 R




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1 690 R




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2 320 R




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1 790 R




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710 R




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3 290 R




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850 R




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2 590 R




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2 990 R




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1 690 R




The book is devoted to the description of the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical picture, methods of diagnosis and treatment of the most common respiratory diseases. Special attention is paid to a detailed description of the clinical picture of these diseases, interpretation of the most informative laboratory and instrumental research methods, as well as modern principles of drug and non-drug treatment of "pulmonary" patients. The achievements of modern evidence-based medicine in the field of pulmonology are fully reflected, new effective methods for the diagnosis and treatment of respiratory diseases are presented.

2 820 R




A detailed description of the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical, laboratory and instrumental diagnostics of the most common diseases of the cardiovascular system. A significant place is occupied by information about pharmacodynamics, mechanisms of action, indications and contraindications to the appointment of modern medicines, as well as the basic principles of drug and non-drug treatment of diseases of the circulatory system.

3 530 R




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3 040 R




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3 520 R




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1 890 R




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2 630 R




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2 790 R




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1 890 R




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742 R




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2 430 R




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2 630 R




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2 220 R




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2 890 R




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1 745 R




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3 910 R




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690 R




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776 R




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2 290 R




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0 R




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3 099 R




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1 835 R




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1 990 R




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2 190 R




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2 090 R




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4 290 R




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1 490 R




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3 790 R




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4 435 R




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1 990 R




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1 890 R




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1 840 R




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Materials science in orthopedic dentistry. Propedeutics of dental diseases. Workbook for self-preparation of students and control of mastering the competence of the module - Arutyunov S.D.




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1 690 R




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3 390 R




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1 990 R




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2 250 R




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1 390 R




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1 690 R




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1 890 R




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2 190 R




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2 970 R




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3 990 R




Contains data on the development and structure of teeth. The data on the X-ray anatomy of the teeth are presented, information on the anomalies of the shape, size, number and position of the teeth is reflected. Anatomical terms presented in the manual correspond to the international anatomical nomenclature.

1 200 R




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3 990 R




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2 290 R




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549 R




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1 390 R




Particular emphasis is placed on the analysis of the logic of sequential analysis and the use of additional ultrasound techniques (modes of CDC, ED, 3D, elastography and elastometry) in addition to the standard gray-scale examination of breast tissue. The necessity of a multiparametric approach to the ultrasound assessment of the state of the glands is substantiated. The application of the BI-RADS system in the final summarizing assessment of the risks of malignant neoplasms of the mammary gland is shown

Mucogingival surgery around teeth and implants: Correction of mistakes - A. Yu. Fevralev




All clinical cases are richly illustrated with magnificent photographs. The book-album is an excellent navigation aid not only for a beginner, but also for an experienced dentist-surgeon, periodontist.

3 930 R




Answers on questions! Ways and methods of attracting new patients to the clinic. Ways and methods of the correct organization of the work of the clinic administrator. Methods for presenting clinic staff to patients. How to increase motivation among clinic staff. Methods for preserving existing patients in the clinic.

3 790 R




The necessary information about the syndrome, instructions (in fact, protocols) for clinical diagnosis, the use of additional research methods, differential diagnosis, as well as recommendations for observation and treatment. Separate chapters provide data on pneumonia, lesser known diseases (Kawasaki syndrome, recurrent fevers), and febrile seizures. Because fevers often accompany infections, recommendations for the use of antimicrobial agents are provided in a separate chapter. The Appendix contains a list of drugs registered in Russia, including indications and dosages.

2 190 R




National calendar of immunization and Calendar of immunization according to epidemiological indications, as well as detailed information on possible vaccination schedules using domestic and imported vaccines. The description of the clinical picture of post-vaccination complications has been expanded, as well as pathological conditions that coincide in time with vaccination, which are often the reason for accusations of immunization.

1 890 R




The manual contains more than 100 clinical observations with 220 illustrations of X-ray, computed tomography, magnetic resonance bronchographic and ultrasound examinations. Brief data on the morphological and functional characteristics of the child's respiratory system, on semiotics, as well as on clinical, visualization and functional methods of studying the respiratory organs are presented.




The issues of pathogenesis, clinical course, diagnosis and treatment of atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, bronchial asthma are considered; special attention is paid to the algorithm of the doctor's actions in case of urgent allergic conditions. The diagnostic criteria of the main forms of immunodeficiency and the principles of their treatment are presented.

2 190 R




This tutorial is devoted to the description of the topographic and anatomical structure, etiology, pathogenesis, clinic, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of the development of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases of the salivary glands, as well as their complicated forms of the course. A separate chapter discusses the issues of mechanical damage to the salivary glands. The manual is intended for oral and maxillofacial surgeons, dentists and senior students.

550 R




The textbook addresses the issues of the clinic of injuries to the bones of the facial section of the skull and the emerging post-traumatic complications. Their classification is presented. The pathogenesis of all types of complicated forms of the process of bone wound healing is stated. The problems of diagnostics of post-traumatic osteomyelitis, abnormal fusion of bone fragments, formed pseudoarthrosis are discussed, and a method for predicting their development is outlined. The results of treatment of all types of complicated forms of bone wounds of the facial part of the skull are presented.

550 R