In this article:
Wood, as a building material, will never lose popularity. And even more so in the light of today’s trends, when all over the world they are fighting for the naturalness and environmental friendliness of their own environment.
Lumber is in demand in many areas - from the production of wooden houses and building elements (doors, windows, floor coverings) to the manufacture of furniture, accessories and tableware. Therefore, the timber logging business is very promising.
Proper organization is the foundation of a successful business
Despite high profitability indicators, according to statistics, about 70% of newly opened sawmills close without operating for even a year. The main reason– bureaucratic delays (registration of permits, coordination with firefighters, local administration, forestry, compliance with environmental supervision requirements) and ill-conceived business policies.
What often happens is this: copying someone else’s successful project, an entrepreneur obtains a logging permit “where it’s easier” or has the appropriate connections, purchases equipment and begins logging. And then it turns out that the delivery of timber from this area “eats up” most arrived.
That is why at the planning stage it is important not only to find a suitable forest plot, but also to evaluate the number of competitors, their pricing policy, and the structure of consumer demand:
- presence of wood processing enterprises;
- demanded raw materials (raw boards, round timber, timber);
- types of wood.
It is also necessary consider the delivery of raw materials from the plot(if the sawmill is not located directly on the site), removal finished products for further implementation, etc. Our forests do not have many roads, so it is quite possible that you will have to build routes to the site on your own.
Particular attention should be paid to the peculiarities of processing and wood harvesting. The most popular varieties today: pine (mainly northern species), oak, ash, larch.
But, for example, oak wood is very hard and requires special sharpening for saws; larch – impregnated with viscous resins that quickly damage equipment; pine - unsuitable for processing in summer, since the wood quickly turns blue.
Legal aspects of opening a sawmill
If the sale of finished products is planned to the population or wood production is used for the own needs of the main enterprise, it makes sense to register it as an individual entrepreneur (less taxes). But keep in mind that OKVED 20.1 “Sawing and planing of wood” does not fall under UTII.
Tax options:
- USN-patent(you need to check with the tax office whether patents for wood processing are issued in this region);
- simplified tax system 6% from the total profit or 15% of the difference between income and confirmed costs.
In the first case, you can do the accounting yourself; in the second, it’s better to hire an accountant or an outsourcing company, since not all costs arising from economic activity, can be included in expenses.
But if the main buyer is wood processing plants and large enterprises, you cannot do without registering a legal entity (preferably an LLC).
OKVED documents that will be needed during registration:
- 02.01.1 Logging;
- 02.02.2 Provision of services in the field of logging;
- 20.1 Sawing and planing of wood;
- 51.53.1 Wholesale trade in timber.
Harvesting and sawing of timber is no longer a licensed activity ( in 2008, Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 595 of August 14, 2002 was officially canceled).
Logging: buy raw materials or extract them yourself?
Before looking for premises and placing equipment, it is necessary to decide on the technological chain of the production process. If you do not plan to get involved with independent logging, it is enough to look for a site suitable for installing a sawmill, with a convenient transport interchange for the delivery of imported raw materials. If production is based on your own logging, it is necessary to arrange a lease of a forest plot for felling in the forestry department.
According to the Forest Code of the Russian Federation, forests cannot be sold into private ownership, so we can only talk about leasing a forest plot. That is, even if you bought a plot with green spaces, cutting them down is impossible without the appropriate document - in any case, you must obtain a permit. The procedure for obtaining this document and its price vary depending on the region.
First thing to do– find out from the local forestry department which plots are rented out and whether deforestation is allowed in this region. A ban on timber extraction may be imposed if the plants are listed in the Red Book, or the forest plantation has a certain recreational, agricultural or road value.
The felling of forest plantations and obtaining permits for its implementation is regulated in each region by a special resolution “On the procedure for issuing permits for the felling of trees and shrubs.” Cost calculation– is also established individually according to a certain formula, which must be specified in this document.
After information “reconnaissance”, you need to arm yourself with patience and plunge into the world of bureaucratic delays:
1. Auction for felling
1. It is necessary to find out the time of the next auction for the provision of plots for logging, which is carried out by management bodies in agreement with the forestry department. Study the conditions (usually this is a set rental price plus compensation transfers for landscaping). Submit an application, pay the entrance fee and participate in the tender.
2. Application for felling
If no auctions are expected in the near future, you can write an application to the local administration to issue a permit for logging (indicating the cadastral number of the site or the conditional number of the land survey; area; type of trees growing on it, purposes of logging and other parameters as required ).
3. Additional list of documents
Additionally, the following documents may be needed:
- document on the legal ownership of this site (in the case of a lease - permission to cut down from the owner);
- coordination with the forestry/forestry department;
- plant inspection report;
- site plan and other documentation upon request.
4. Necessary conditions for issuing a permit
The issuance of a permit is possible only subject to reimbursement of the costs of compensatory landscaping, the cost of which should be transferred to local budget immediately after a positive decision from the administration.
As a matter of fact, it is possible to bypass the process of obtaining permits and approvals if we consider opening only a sawmill by agreeing on the supply of timber. But, as you yourself understand, the reliability of such a supply channel is very doubtful (what if tomorrow the procurement closes or is suspended for repairs, competitors buy the raw materials, or the supplier sharply raises the price?).
In addition, the difference in cost is significant (purchase of sawlogs - from 1800 rubles / m 3, the cost of material for independent procurement - from 200 m 3 / cubic meter), therefore, despite great amount bureaucratic obstacles, most large sawmills operate only if they have their own logging sites. But for running a small business, you can also consider the option of purchasing raw materials.
Requirements for the premises for opening a sawmill
Ideally, the sawmill should be located directly on the site or in close proximity to it - this way you can significantly save on delivery. A large-scale production facility is not required for this business. You can equip a small room for receiving orders, meeting with clients and technical needs, measuring about 20 m2.
The best option for opening a sawmill is a plot of at least 30 acres that has:
- A canopy to protect equipment from adverse weather conditions (in enclosed spaces it is recommended to use only sawmills with a special system for collecting production waste). Based on dimensions band sawmill(8*2*2.4 m), the square of the canopy must be at least 10*20 m, and the height - 5 m (if a crane beam is planned). One of the walls along the length of the equipment should be made solid - it’s more convenient to collect sawdust.
- Access roads (and, preferably, not only for special vehicles).
- Possibility of connecting to the electrical network (which is the biggest problem for installing a sawmill directly on the site).
- A warehouse for storing raw materials (must accommodate 50% of the monthly demand for materials) and be equipped in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 21-05-2003 “Warehouses of forest materials”.
- Closed warehouse for storing finished products.
Many private entrepreneurs make the mistake of starting work on their own plot of land (for example, a country house or the territory of a private house). The sawmill is an industrial equipment, so its operation requires the alienation of land into the fund for industrial work.
Purchasing equipment for a sawmill
After registration of all necessary documents and the availability of a room/site for production, you can start purchasing the sawmill itself. There are several types of machines for sawing downed logs, and it is recommended to choose them based on the volume of planned production:
1. Mini circular saws
Such equipment can be considered for industrial purposes only for small production volumes (for example, for your own small enterprise). These units are compact and consume minimal energy, but the nozzles require frequent replacement, and the performance leaves much to be desired.
2. Band sawmill
The band sawmill is considered the optimal equipment for small and medium-sized businesses.
On average, it processes 5-10 m3 per shift (depending on the manufacturer).
Main advantages:
- minimal amount of waste (about 20%);
- low energy consumption (average 50 W);
- reasonable price (about $3.5 thousand).
Main disadvantage– the need to frequently change the sawing band, on average every 3 hours.
3. Frame sawmill
Frame sawmill– a machine with high productivity, capable of ensuring continuous operation of an enterprise with large production volumes. But it will require mandatory installation on a foundation and a large amount of energy. Another disadvantage is the high percentage of waste.
Features of raw material procurement
The sawn raw materials for the sawmill are logs/ridges of various tree species (the so-called “round timber”).
You get it like this:
1. Forest felling
There are two ways to fell trees: uprooting or rootless felling. The most common is the second one. This type of logging work is carried out using portable motor saws or felling machines. The trunks are cut down at ground level, at the root, or leaving stumps (the permitted method of cutting is discussed with the forestry department).
The forest is uprooted with the help of bulldozers, but this method is used only if the cleared land is intended for agricultural land, road construction or housing.
2. Technological process of logging
The main requirement for a tree feller is to fell the tree in a given direction:
- By technological scheme, developed for a given cutting area (all trees fall in the same direction);
- in a direction that is calculated individually in difficult cases.
Such calculations are necessary because it is quite difficult to predict the direction of a tree’s natural fall - the influence of natural factors is great (the direction and strength of the wind, the tilt of the trunk, the shape of the crown, etc.). Incorrect technology or inexperience of the feller can lead to industrial injuries, damage to equipment, destruction of other plantings and forest undergrowth (which is punishable by serious fines).
Afterwards, the fallen trees are cleared of branches and twigs (waste in mandatory removed and disposed of). The logs are sawn into logs (standard length: 5.5 - 6.5 m for coniferous and 4 - 4.5 m for hardwood), sorted by diameter, species, quality, tied, placed on timber trucks or special trailers with fences and transported to the sawmill shop.
Description of the technological process of the sawmill
The operating principle of the sawmill itself is quite simple:
1. Fixing the log
The log is securely fixed with special clamps and stops. The maximum diameter of the workpiece is indicated in the characteristics of the equipment; usually it is 80-110 cm. The standard length of the sawing table (and, accordingly, the log) is about 7 m, but it is possible to extend it upon request. If the logs are not large, you can install two pieces at the same time.
2. Control of saw tension force
The tension force of the saw is controlled by a pressure gauge, set manually or automatically on the sawmill control panel.
3. Setting cutting parameters
The cutting parameters (length, width, thickness of the board) are set according to the dimensions of the scale bar. The top layer of bark is removed. A horizontal saw cuts a log into boards, moving strictly horizontally with the help of special rollers;
4. Flipping the log
When the cut reaches the middle of the log, the equipment stops. The log is turned over manually or using an electromechanical lift, bark up.
5. Again the stage of fixing the log
The workpiece is fixed again, the cutting process is completed depending on the lumber being produced.
At the output you can get the following products:
- unedged board;
- edged board;
- timber and other lumber.
To make edged boards, one of the cutting options is to fix unedged blanks on a table to remove bark from each side.
High-quality timber is cut only from the core part. To obtain segment beams, heartwood is cut crosswise. When producing half timber - along the longitudinal axis.
When operating a sawmill, a large amount of wood waste is generated, which can be used for the needs of the enterprise (for example, for heating the premises) or as raw material for the additional production of fuel capsules.
Logging and lumber obtained from them must comply with the following GOSTs:
- GOST 8486-86 “Softwood lumber. Technical specifications"
- GOST 2695-83 “Hardwood lumber. Technical specifications"
- GOST 24454-80 “Softwood lumber. Dimensions"
- GOST 18288-87 “Sawmill production. Terms and Definitions"
- GOST 6782.2-75 “Lumber products from deciduous wood. Shrinkage amount"
- GOST 7319-80 “Lumber and hardwood blanks. Atmospheric drying and storage"
- GOST 26002-83 “Northern graded softwood lumber”
Business plan for opening a sawmill
Let's consider economic justification opening a small production of unedged boards with the main equipment - a band sawmill. For example, the indicators of the woodworking machine PT-03U Krona were used.
1. Initial data:
The organizational form of doing business is individual entrepreneur using the simplified tax system (6%);
Number of employees – 2 people. Payment is piecework, depending on output, at a rate of 250 rubles/m 3 (sawyer) and 100 rubles/m 3 (sawyer's assistant);
Duration of work shift – 8 hours/day;
Number of shifts per month – 22.
2. Capital investments
It is planned to purchase a band sawmill with a minimum configuration:
- PT-03U Krona – 170,000 rubles;
- sharpening device – 23,500 rubles;
- band saws – 10 pieces * 720 rubles = 7200 rubles;
- adjustable device - 15,000 rubles.
Total 215,700 rub.
To accommodate the equipment, it is planned to rent a plot of 30 acres with space for a warehouse for raw materials and finished products. Arrangement of a utility room and a shed for a sawmill will cost 55,000 rubles.
Total capital investments - 270,700 rubles.
3. Raw materials and material costs
Purchased round logs will be used as input raw materials. The cost of raw materials is 2100 rubles/m3.
The cost of electricity is 5 rubles/kW.
4. Productivity and profit
Productivity per shift - 7 m 3 (cutting material yield - 60%), Productivity per month - 7 m 3 * 22 shifts - 154 m 3.
The selling price of the finished board is 5,760 rubles/m3
Planned profit per month – 154 m3 * 5,760 rubles/m3 = 887,040 rubles.
5. Salary and social contributions
Payroll – 154 m 3 * 350 rubles = 53,900 rubles/month;
Payroll taxes (37.5%) – 20,212.50 rubles/month.
6. Planning monthly expenses and cost of 1 m 3 of products
Rent of a plot – 30,000 rubles/month;
Loader rental – RUB 9,500/month;
Cost of raw materials at the input: 258 m3 * 2,100 rubles/m3 = 541,800 rubles/month;
Electricity consumption – 8 hours * 12 kW/h * 5 rubles * 22 workers/shifts = 10,560 rubles/month;
Transport costs – 20,500 rubles;
Income tax (USN) – 887,040 rubles * 6% = 53,222.40 rubles/month;
Salary expenses – 53,900 rubles + 20,212.50 rubles = 74,112.50 rubles/month.
Unforeseen expenses - RUB 30,000/month
Total: RUB 769,649.90/month
Cost of 1 m 3 of unedged boards: 769,649.90 rubles: 154 m 3 /month = 4998.02 rubles.
7. Profit and payback
Net profit: 887,040 rubles – 769,649.90 rubles = 117,390.10 rubles/month.
Return on capital investment – 2.3 months (RUB 270,700: RUB 117,390.10)
Currently, most people are actively building private houses and cottages from wood, which means that many special materials are needed to carry out this work. Therefore, builders require sawmills.
As a rule, they almost completely provide it with wood materials. Boards that have been processed make it possible to save a large amount of your time when carrying out construction work. Therefore, many people are faced with the question of how to competently draw up a business plan in order for a sawmill to generate money.
Choosing a site for a sawmill
Before you start drawing up your business project for a sawmill, you need to decide on its location in your city. In order to do this business, you will need to rent land. The location for installing the sawmill should be chosen away from private residential buildings, municipal enterprises, but close to the forest belt. These factors are among the most important in this matter, since the close location of the forest will help you purchase it from the stumpage. The chosen option is considered quite profitable, which is why the price of such timber is much lower than usual. To locate the sawmill, the territory is usually divided into separate sections:
- Area for storage and storage of wood;
- Area for storing processed raw materials and their further storage;
- The area where the sawmill itself will be located.
It is best that there is some kind of pond near the sawmill to be able to supply cold water. All these points are important for creating this business. Therefore, every beginner who wants to make a profit from their own sawmill needs to think about them.
Drawing up a business plan for a sawmill
Sawmill as a business can bring good income. However, first of all, it is necessary to draw up in order to make the organization of this business competent. So, every entrepreneur must approach the preparation of his business project thoroughly and with great responsibility. You should carefully consider everything in it and think about your future actions. First of all, this business project must contain information about hiring labor, purchasing the necessary equipment, as well as registering an enterprise. Before you start creating, you need to start monitoring the market in this city. And it is best to entrust the preparation of a business project to professionals. It should include the following sections:
- Cost of finished products;
- Determining the number of competitors in the sales market;
- Availability of potential clients.
How to choose a room for a sawmill
An organization such as a sawmill must have:
- warehouse space for storing manufactured products,
- workshops for repair and production,
- sanitary rooms (toilet and shower),
- employee rest areas,
- locker rooms.
It is also necessary to provide offices for management staff and engineers.
Selection of raw materials and technology
Recruitment of necessary personnel
A sawmill business cannot exist without staff. A sawmill, like any other enterprise, must be provided with staff. The number of employees directly depends on total area sawmills. The most important advantage is the fact that you can save a lot on employees. In this case, it is necessary to provide not hourly wages, but piecework wages. Payment occurs after completing a specific order. In order for this enterprise to begin to make a profit, product productivity should be increased to 600 cubic meters. The company must have workers - a security guard, workers involved in manufacturing products, a cleaner, and, of course, a manager.
Basic expenses and income
Sawmill as a business is not an expensive business. However, profitability in this case will occur if orders are available after a short period of time. It is worth listing the main expenses that will have to be invested in organizing a sawmill.
Purchasing the necessary wood processing equipment will cost approximately $3,500.
You will also need to spend money on renting the selected area for setting up a sawmill. IN in this case you will need 40 acres of land. Renting this plot will cost you approximately 100-200 thousand. rub.
Other expenses will need to be spent on the purchase of raw materials. There is no particular need in this case to purchase chopped wood. It is quite possible to enter into an agreement to purchase a personal forest plot and make standing purchases. This action is carried out with permission from the relevant organizations.
Large expenses will be required for communications and electricity. The total amount of your expenses will be approximately 1,000,000 rubles.
To ensure adequate consumer demand for your wood, you need to produce high quality products. For example, 1m3 of wood has a cost of 3500t. rub., then after processing it, its price will be 7500-8000 thousand. rubles
Registration and collection of necessary documentation
This type of activity should be conducted honestly and within the framework of existing laws. To organize this business, you first need to register with the tax authority or LLC. Obtaining an individual entrepreneur certificate is a cheaper and less expensive option. But in the event of a purchase and sale transaction, it is no longer possible to carry it out with a legal entity.
If you register an LLC, then these transactions can be carried out with individuals and legal entities. You should also fill out documents to obtain permission from Rospotrebnadzor to be able to set up a sawmill. And to purchase raw materials, you must obtain permission from an organization involved in environmental protection.
Financial savings
How to save money on opening a sawmill is probably the question asked by a large number of businessmen. And yet there are options that make it possible to save costs when creating this enterprise. Let's talk about them in detail in this part of the article.
First of all, you can use equipment whose cost is not very high, and during its operation the waste residues are small, and, as a rule, these are shavings. This option is the most optimal, since raw material waste does not need to be disposed of, it can simply be used as fuel for your furnaces. In this case, you can save on almost everything.
The second saving option Money is a partial payment to employees working at your enterprise.
And the last option is to independently procure the raw materials. In this case, we mean the use of standing trees as the starting material. This method allows you to significantly reduce financial costs, and the quality of manufactured products will remain the same.
The organization of any own business should be aimed not only at obtaining a high income, but also at all possible occurrences of costs in production.
Profitability
Any businessman who treats his business responsibly understands that the success of a given enterprise primarily depends on productive work employees of this organization. Indeed, the more machines and workers are involved in the workshop, the more successfully your activity will develop.
Men should be hired young or average. The future employee should not have bad habits. In order for employees to accurately fulfill their job responsibilities, it is necessary to provide them with normal conditions. You should: purchase special clothing for each worker, organize rest in a heated room specially designated for this purpose, which has a private bathroom.
Based on this, it should be noted that if you have a great desire and you have the financial means, then in your case, a sawmill will be the most suitable business. And the initial costs will pay off in literally 2-3 years. Of course, it all depends on the productivity of your enterprise. If it is approximately 600 cubic meters of finished wood per month, then the overall profitability of the sawmill will be quite large. These factors will definitely need to be taken into account when creating your business project.
The concept of the sawmill business is based on the provision of cutting, marking, drying and packaging services various types lumber in accordance with customer requirements. The demand for this service format is ensured by the following determining factors:
- Growing demand for high-quality prepared and processed wood from construction companies and design studios, especially those working in the sector of low-rise private construction, where priority is increasingly given to environmentally friendly finishing and structural materials, including those made of natural wood.
- There is a demand for cutting lumber of a given standard from many companies engaged in activities related to the manufacture of certain goods from wood - doors, curtains, parquet tiles, furniture, souvenirs, framing workshops, etc.
- Demand for commercial lumber from companies involved in the export of standardized, high quality lumber shipped overseas.
Basically, the essence of the business is based on the fact that not all companies, one way or another working with wood at the primary stage of processing, can have a separate sawmill with a full production cycle on their balance sheet or in their ownership.
The main task of a company providing services for primary wood processing is to comply with all necessary standards and standard sizes of finished products in full accordance with customer requirements. At the same time, the sawmill can work both with its own raw materials (roundwood) and with raw materials provided by the client himself. For example, if processing is required, cutting of special types of wood under certain conditions.
In general, the business is designed for the small-scale wholesale lumber market of local or regional importance, with the prospect of providing services to owners of large quantities of lumber, including those going for export.
Initial investment amount 1 043 000 rub.
The payback period is 19 months
Average monthly profit 155 000
rub.
The break-even point is reached at 4
month of work
Return on sales 31%
2. Description of the business, product or service
The basic format of the service provided by the sawmill contains several standard services:
- Preparation of wood for processing - sorting, drying, storage.
- Sawing wood raw materials
- Packaging of finished products on pallets.
- Delivery to destination.
The work of the sawmill can be based both on its own raw materials and on the client’s wood. In the first case, it is necessary to provide technology for preparing raw materials for processing - that is, to have, at a minimum, a storage warehouse, and in some cases, drying chambers.
Also, as an additional option, if waste-free production technology is used, the following services can be provided to clients:
- Sawing wood raw materials for the needs of the population, for example, sawing firewood. Also, similar services can be used by numerous tourist centers where natural wood raw materials are used for heating, saunas, baths, cooking kebabs, etc.
- Sale of wood chips and sawdust.
- Work on individual orders
In each specific case, the volume and form of sawmill services provided must be oriented towards the needs of the local market in order to ensure constant loading of the equipment and, accordingly, there is a given business efficiency.
SWOT analysis of the project
Project strengths | Weaknesses of the project |
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Project capabilities | Project threats |
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As a rule, the work of the sawmill now does not have a seasonal nature, as before, when it was completely oriented towards the period of deforestation, which usually took place in winter time. The sawmill's operating mode can be standard: 5 days working week. Taking into account the wishes of customers, you can always arrange additional time to complete the order.
3. Description of the sales market
To describe the sales market of a company engaged in the primary processing of industrial wood, it is necessary to proceed from those customer groups that will be the main consumers of sawmill business services.
Firstly, these are construction companies and design studios engaged in the construction of private houses and cottages. The market for individual housing construction in Russia is still only at the beginning of its development.
If we focus on the market dynamics of the past few years, the commissioning of private houses on average across the country is about 8 million square meters. m per year.
This is not so much, but the upward trend in demand suggests that this market will soon outstrip the construction of apartment buildings in terms of volumes. Moreover, rural areas account for about 2 million square meters. m, which is the 4th part of the entire market.
Secondly, the export direction of the market. In Russia there are many companies, large and small (legal and semi-legal), one way or another engaged in the export of industrial wood or lumber to different countries. The first place in this market is occupied by countries such as China - 30.4 million cubic meters, Japan - 11 million cubic meters. m and the Republic of Korea almost 7 million cubic meters. As for the countries of the European Union, Germany ranks first in wood imports.
In general, the potential of the lumber market for export is growing dynamically, and by 2020 the growth will be more than 15%.
Thirdly, the Russian domestic lumber market.
The domestic lumber market in Russia does not lag behind the global market in terms of growth rates and annual demand increases by approximately 3-4% per year. Similar dynamics are observed for all groups of forest products of primary and secondary processing of wood raw materials (roundwood).
In the lumber market, demand growth will be more than 50% by 2020. In this market, the main players are not only construction companies, but also various companies that use primary wood raw materials - furniture production, mechanical engineering, shipbuilding, etc.
As a result, we can draw a very definite conclusion:
- Products in the form of primary processing materials are in demand in a volume of at least 35 million cubic meters on average across the country.
- The dynamics of market growth are stable, and for the most part the market is focused on domestic consumption, which gives it some protection from various global economic crises.
- Local markets, as part of the all-Russian lumber market, may have various features, but, in general, do not differ from the general trend in the country and will have steady demand across the entire range of lumber.
4. Sales and marketing
Also, to attract customers, a system of discounts should be used, especially if the client provides large volumes of timber for processing.
To sell products and provide sawmill services, you can use various channels of interaction with customers.
Such sales channels can be:
- concluding long-term contracts with companies in need of a constant supply of lumber;
- organizing the sale of finished lumber through your own website or online store;
- cooperation with major construction stores or hypermarkets;
- participation in competitive bidding and auctions for state or municipal orders, take part in contract deliveries for state and municipal organizations.
5. Production plan
To organize such a business for the first time, you can get by with registering an individual entrepreneur, which will take only 3 days at the local branch of the Federal Tax Service and will cost no more than 3 thousand rubles.
But, if we take into account the prospect of business development, when we have to work with legal entities that have the organizational and legal form of LLC, we will have to look for an opportunity to work with VAT. In the future, it should be borne in mind that as the volume of product processing increases, it will be necessary to switch to the LLC form with a simplified taxation system, the tax base “income - expenses”.
To organize a business you should also:
- Obtain permission from local SES units to operate an industrial facility. Pass sanitary certification of workplaces.
- Pass the facility inspection and obtain permission to operate it from local authorities Ministry of Emergency Situations (fire protection).
- Obtain permission to operate industrial equipment from Rostechnadzor, including when connecting the sawmill to high-voltage energy sources.
- Conclude a lease agreement for land plot, industrial premises or register them as property.
- Concluding an agreement and securing the facility with private security agencies or with local private security companies.
- Recruit staff.
6. Organizational structure
In order for the sawmill to operate efficiently, efficiently and safely, only qualified personnel should be involved in the work.
IN staffing table The following positions should be provided.
- Manager. He must have at least a technical education, practical experience and comprehensive knowledge of equipment operation.
- Master. This position should also be held by a woodworking professional.
- Process line operators. Trained personnel with some experience working on similar installations. Part-time, forklift drivers.
- Electrician, equipment fitter. Can be used periodically, under a service agreement.
- Accountant. You can use the services of a remote employee or outsourcing.
The full calculation of the payroll for 24 months, taking into account the bonus part and insurance contributions, is presented in the financial model.
7. Financial plan
In any case, when choosing where the sawmill will be located, you must first take into account several important factors:
- Proximity to customers or proximity to raw material supplier. If demand is focused on small, small-scale orders, or on a special form of wood processing, then it is better to locate the sawmill closer to customers.
- If the clients are large construction companies, then it is better to locate the sawmill closer to the sources of raw materials: timber bases, transport hubs, industrial zones.
- When choosing a room for a sawmill, you should also pay primary attention to the possibility of connecting to an electrical network with a power of at least 20 kW.
- The optimal area is 70-120 square meters. m. A platform for storing finished products in a small indoor warehouse will also be needed.
Convenient access of freight transport for unloading/loading wood raw materials and its sorting must be taken into account.
To equip a sawmill with equipment, at the initial stage you can get by with easy-to-maintain Russian-made production lines. Prices for new sawmills range from 100 to 300 thousand rubles.
For a small sawmill with a work volume of no more than 200 cubic meters. m per month, the following set of equipment will be optimal:
- Band sawmill with operating parameters of processed tree trunk with a diameter of no more than 1 m.
- Sharpening machine for sharpening work knives and saws
- A machine for cutting profiled timber, slats or eurolining.
- Drying and packaging equipment. It can be purchased a little later, after the sawmill begins to generate stable income.
- An electric forklift for carrying out unloading work and moving lumber blanks inside the workshop.
In addition, you will need a set of special clothing, personal protective equipment for workers, fire-fighting equipment, and ventilation.
During the planning stage entrepreneurial activity it is necessary to evaluate the possibilities of a sawmill as a business. Construction in Russia almost never stops. Any technology uses wood products. also needs quality lumber. It is much more reasonable to process wood than to sell valuable species at the price of raw materials. This article will talk about how to open a sawmill and make it profitable.
You can start your wood processing business with a small budget sawmill costing about 400 thousand rubles. Powerful equipment will require from 1 million to 4 million rubles. The total cost of the project will be from 20 million rubles (equipment, land, buildings, transport, wood supplies). In the future, the sawmill can be modernized into a high-tech wood processing enterprise.
Small production has a number of features:
- easier to control manufacturing process;
- you can exit the business with less losses;
- you can gradually purchase additional equipment;
- the profit will be relatively small;
- such production can be mobile (mobile).
Based on the demand for lumber, you need to decide on the assortment. Main products: edged boards, planed timber, furniture panels, lining. Cable reels and fuel pellets improve production efficiency. For their production, waste is used: sawdust, trimmings, shavings. can also be successfully combined with the production of lumber. The main consumers of all the above products: private developers, construction markets and organizations, as well as furniture manufacturers.
Reviews from experienced entrepreneurs about working with sawmills and woodworking as a business are mostly disapproving. There are problems with unscrupulous suppliers of raw materials. Convenient and high-quality service from the equipment manufacturer is not always available. Prices for foreign machines and spare parts are high.
In winter, demand drops and equipment operates under harsh conditions. Not everyone has heated premises or their own boiler rooms. In 2017, there were changes in laws. Online cash registers and registration of transactions in EGAIS (automated information system) raises many questions and misunderstandings among loggers and wood processors. All these features must be taken into account when drawing up a business plan for your own sawmill.
Choosing a location and registering an enterprise
Production must be located no closer than 100 meters to a residential area. Availability of electricity and water is necessary for the operation of the equipment. The size of the territory is selected based on the volume of work. For a large farm you need at least one hectare of land.
Processing a tree near a felling site makes sense from a logistics standpoint. Transport costs for transporting raw materials are reduced, but delivering the goods to the end consumer can be expensive. A compromise must be sought. The outskirts of the city (40-50 km) or an industrial zone are suitable for setting up an enterprise.
You can register either an individual entrepreneur (see action plan) or a limited liability company (see). The first option - individual entrepreneur - gives greater freedom in terms of working with cash, but the entrepreneur has to answer to creditors with personal property.
Attention! At your local tax office, you can select OKVED activity codes suitable for the production and trade of lumber. For sawing, planing, production of wooden structures, lumber, joinery, production of containers, the following codes are suitable: 16.10, 16.10.1-16.10.3, 16.23, 16.24.
To get started, you need to do the following actions:
- conduct certification of workplaces;
- appoint a responsible person for safety (HS);
- pass the Ministry of Emergency Situations check fire safety;
- obtain a passport for production waste;
- obtain a sanitary and epidemiological conclusion.
When everything is ready, Rospotrebnadzor should be notified about the launch of wood processing production.
Arrangement of the territory and selection of equipment
On the territory of a wood processing enterprise there must be:
- warehouses for storing raw materials and finished products;
- hangar for processing wood with various equipment;
- drying chambers;
- canopy for outdoor work;
- loader and truck with hydraulic manipulator.
Trucks must have enough space to maneuver. The required power supply varies from 15 kW to 400 kW and directly depends on the peak power of the installed machines and sawmill.
The quality of material processing depends on the correct choice of sawmill. The minimum cut increases the yield of the board. A 2.5 mm cut is more profitable than a 4 mm cut. The yield of boards is greater on a band sawmill, but production is more complicated, and the bands sometimes break. Machines with a wide belt are 3-5 times more productive than sawmills with a narrow belt.
The human factor, combined with unreliable machine operation, can lead to low quality materials. Therefore, it is necessary to have your own service equipment (sharpening machine and tools for soldering, welding, forging) and your own craftsman. Electromechanical log feeding optimizes the process and improves ergonomics. The sawmill should produce at least 15-20 cubic meters of lumber per shift.
Enterprise personnel
Personnel issues are one of the most important when opening a sawmill. In a serious production, there are at least two framers, auxiliary workers, a forklift driver, assemblers of products and structures (pallets, fences, boxes, reels), and operators of drying chambers and machines. Automation of production reduces staff turnover and increases production volumes.
Many entrepreneurs try to save on employee salaries and hire no more than 2-4 people. It is difficult to find skilled workers willing to work for minimum wage. Such savings can turn into trouble. Illiterate workers can destroy equipment in one season. Breakdowns will lead to downtime. For this reason, many sawmills have closed.
Expenses and income
The main raw material used for the production of lumber is coniferous wood (pine, spruce, cedar). The cost of large and medium round timber of coniferous species is 2700-3500 rubles per cubic meter. m. High-quality lumber is sold at 6,000-8,000 rubles per cubic meter. m. Some of the products are sold at almost the cost of raw materials. The yield of finished products can be increased from 60% to 80% due to additional production. The practical profitability of a sawmill is in a wide range of 40%-70% and depends on the specifics of the business.
The volume of raw materials processed affects profitability. The average productivity of a small sawmill is 30-40 cubic meters. m of lumber per day. With monthly sales of 900-1200 cubic meters. m of products, the income will be approximately 4.5-6 million rubles. At the same time, the cost of purchasing raw materials will be 3.5-4.6 million rubles, current expenses will be 300-400 thousand rubles. The average profit will be 800 thousand rubles. The payback period at such indicators will be from one and a half to three years.
On a note:
Nowadays, construction is one of the most profitable and actively developing industries, and wood is considered an elite and sought-after material.
It is actively used for the construction of private houses, cottages and other structures. Wooden buildings are beautiful and reliable, they bring people closer to nature, and therefore a refusal to use wood is not expected in the coming years. By making boards, you will always find an interested client and will not be left without profit.
But, like any other business, the production of boards at a sawmill has its own difficulties and nuances.
In addition to the relevance of the direction, the advantages of the sawmill also include relative cheapness of equipment. Indeed, the installation itself for sawing logs, with all its functionality, is not too expensive. But this business involves many other significant costs associated with the purchase of raw materials, rental of space (and a lot of it will be required) and others. In any case, the initial capital must be considerable.
To manage your funds as efficiently as possible and try to save money, you need to have a clear business plan and clear idea about what your job will be like.
How to organize a sawmill: business plan
You can always order a business plan from professionals who provide such services, this will simplify your task. But this, again, is money, and you already have enough expenses.
If you nevertheless decide to think through everything yourself, the first step should be standard: market analysis.
Note necessary for the following points:
- Presence/absence of obvious competitors;
- Average cost of products manufactured in your city;
- Potential clients.
You should immediately identify companies that may subsequently cooperate with you, and make sure that this is the case.
Where to get raw materials?
Let's assume that circumstances are favorable to you, and there is suitable ground for starting your own business.
But, in addition to the above, it is necessary to find out one more important question: Is deforestation allowed at all? in your city or region?
If not, don't even start because your business will be considered illegal. Such a ban may be imposed due to the presence in the forest of valuable species listed in the Red Book, or for other reasons.
Of course it always remains alternative path– purchase of finished raw materials. But experts strongly do not recommend use it because it is unprofitable.
Such raw materials are expensive, and the risks that your business will not pay off increase significantly. In addition, the sawmill has one negative feature: due to the costs of producing finished boards, it turns out to be several times less than the material initially available. If you add up all the losses, it turns out that the game is not worth the candle.
Purchase standing timber and independently extract raw materials more profitable in every way. But expect that you will need a lot of material; there should be enough forest resources for everything.
According to the law, it is impossible to acquire ownership of a forest plot; only its lease with the appropriate logging permit is permissible. If this option is theoretically possible in your region, you will need to collect the following package of documents:
- Personal Statement;
- Permission to cut down from the owner of the participant, if you are renting land, or a document confirming your ownership of the site;
- Permission from the forest department;
- Technical passport of the site (on request).
Deforestation is carried out in two ways:
- rootless, when motor saws are used for felling,
- or uprooting, then bulldozers or other machines capable of uprooting a tree are used.
The latter method is used mainly to free up land for agricultural purposes, and you are unlikely to need it.
Calculation of costs and income in . The amount of starting capital for the organization industrial business.
In a separate section, we’ll talk about taking into account economic efficiency in the business plan of a vegetable storehouse.
Read about the prospects and profitability of the sawmill at. How to evaluate these indicators in a business plan?
Site and premises
Use your own summer cottage for sawmill theoretically possible, but undesirable, since running an industrial business requires the land to be in the industrial works fund. Therefore, a more convenient way is to rent:
- You will need a fairly large area, minimum 30 acres, and therefore be prepared that a significant portion of the costs will be spent on rent.
- The closer you are to the forest, the better.
- In addition, it is advisable to stay away from residential areas so as not to disturb anyone.
- At the same time, access roads to the sawmill should be convenient.
The site itself can be symbolically divided into three parts:
- for storing raw materials,
- for storing finished boards
- and for the sawmill itself.
In addition, you will need a utility room for workers and an insulated bathroom. Immediately take care of a special canopy for your sawmill: after all, you will have to work in different weather conditions, and you cannot do without it.
Electricity is a separate issue.
Minimum power voltage for sawmill – 50 kW, while electricity must work without interruption, your earnings depend on it.
Therefore, a significant portion of the funds will have to be invested in supplying the site with electricity.
Production technology
There are several types of sawmills, each of which has both pros and cons.
- Circular saws.
A simplified mini version for home use or small production.
Suitable for you only if you are not planning serious production with the prospect of expanding your business. Saws are good for their compactness, but in terms of performance they are not the best option. And the constant need to change attachments is depressing.
- .
Currently is the most popular option, as it is easy to operate, does not require complex adjustments, is reliable and productive. But there remains a problem with the nozzles - they need to be replaced approximately every three hours.
- Frame machines.
This equipment is the most powerful and has the highest performance. A significant disadvantage is that there is a lot of waste when using these machines.
Domestic equipment is cheaper and it is more profitable to purchase it. But at the same time, professionals recommend use imported attachments and saws.
After processing the raw materials at the output you can get two types of boards: edged and unedged. The latter retain the edges and bark on the sides. Such products are cheaper, so it is better to focus on the production of edged boards.
Also, if you want to earn more, Do not dispose of consumables:
- Wood can be useful to people for fuel, it can be sold.
- Sawdust and shavings are also often needed on the farm.
Use your resources to the maximum, this is very important in any business.
A video with the complete work process will help you make an economic calculation for a business plan for a small band sawmill:
Personnel and advertising
Much of the success and functionality of a sawmill depends on the diligence of the workers. Your task is to create the most comfortable working conditions for them, but at the same time stimulate them to activity.
You shouldn’t set a fixed salary - it’s better to let the employee’s salary depends on the quantity of processed products.
It is important to work productively at the sawmill: there will always be demand for the product, no work will be unnecessary. The more machines you have, with employees working behind them, the better for production.
If necessary, you can also hire:
- loader,
- driver,
- watchman, etc.
You need to promote your business in all available ways, without skimping on advertising, advertisements and signs.
A good way is to find manager or construction company, which will agree to attract buyers to you for a certain percentage of the proceeds. At first, while you are still gaining a client base, this option will be optimal for you.
Key aspects. The financial side of organizing your own enterprise.
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Example of a business plan for opening a sawmill
- Rent of a plot – up to 100 thousand rubles/month, depending on the area;
- Repair, arrangement of premises, electrification – 200 thousand rubles;
- The minimum equipment for a sawmill is 200-300 thousand rubles;
- Transport costs – 30 thousand rubles/month;
- Employee salary – 50 thousand rubles/month;
- The cost of raw materials is about 2,500 rubles per m 3;
- Taxes – about 22 thousand rubles/month;
- Unforeseen expenses and little things – 30 thousand rubles/month.
Total starting investment size to open an average sawmill - about a million rubles, monthly contribution– 500-700 thousand rubles.
This type of business does not fully pay for itself quickly - in 2-2.5 years, however, it also brings in considerable income. This is an excellent choice for a determined, self-confident and hardworking entrepreneur.
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