21.2. Communication and its moral principles
Communication between people - the most important sign namely human existence. Without it, activity, the formation and assimilation of spiritual values, the formation of consciousness, the formation and development of personality are impossible. Communication accompanies all these processes and contributes to their implementation. Communication is multifaceted because it is implemented at different levels - countries and peoples, groups and individuals can communicate. In addition, communication can manifest itself in different ways: be direct or indirect, vary in type and, finally, in the process, people can exchange thoughts, feelings, experiences, work skills, etc. Such versatility of communication is due to the fact that it is based on social relations. Since the latter cover different sides functioning of society, they act as types of socio-economic, political, legal and moral relations specific for a given era. Ultimately, they are the content of communication. Communication is a directly observed and experienced reality, and the concretization of social relations, their personification, personal form. Since social relations appear in the form of communication, any of its manifestations, regardless of the subject (an individual or a social group), are more or less indirectly related to the content of these relationships. The degree of mediation is determined by social experience, psychological and social characteristics personality, communication conditions. All this applies to interpersonal communication. Interpersonal communication is far from straightforward. Its range is quite wide. People meet on the street, in transport, in in public places. These relationships cannot be carried out without any norms. There is a certain content behind them, they require certain skills and habits. Great value interpersonal communication is explained by the most important functions it performs. This is, first of all, the exchange of information between people. Information and communication function is in one form or another connected with all forms of human activity. Further, interpersonal communication performs the so-called regulatory and communicative function. In communication, rules of behavior, goals, means, and motives for behavior are developed, its norms are strengthened, actions are evaluated, a kind of hierarchy of values, a scale of human socialization, is formed. It is in communication that a person learns and experiences his significance. Therefore, its correct orientation becomes a source, one of the most important ways of formation human personality. Finally, communication performs another function - affective-communicative, in which the level of emotional tension is regulated, psychological relaxation is created. It also creates the emotional background in which our activities are carried out and which to a large extent determines the very perception of the world. Each society and individual social groups develop certain regulatory principles of communication, which are not only enshrined in the norms of behavior adopted by it, but are also brought up in people with a greater or lesser degree of consciousness. This gives grounds to assert that there is one or another level of communication culture . Culture- a concept broader than communication; it includes, as already noted, all the material and spiritual values that have been accumulated by people. Culture also includes ways human activity and that range of forms, techniques and norms that characterize the peculiarities of the functioning of society and without which its existence is impossible. In this regard, we can talk about the culture of production, recreation, communication, and healing. Here, the normativity of culture is especially emphasized, which outlines exactly how one should act. Relationships between people are directly regulated by social norms, primarily legal and moral, which represent the most important elements of culture. The norms of morality and law that apply when people communicate are included in the culture of communication. They bring together the requirements for communication developed in society with its very practice. Moral norms are a generalization of collective experience and are passed on from generation to generation, from individual to individual in the form of certain practical rules. Usually they recommend, prescribe, prohibit, permit, warn, anticipate or evaluate various gestures, behaviors, inclinations, and actions of people . A norm does not simply indicate what is significant from the point of view of values accepted in society, but presupposes their mandatory implementation and establishes the degree of what is permitted. Violation of these norms is unacceptable not only in terms of morality, but also in terms of cultural behavior. Communication as a kind of manifestation social life people is not something random or arbitrarily established by them. It is brought to life by the entire totality of human connections, the leading place among which is occupied by production and the relationships that develop in connection with it. Communication and its culture are an integral part of people’s life, but cannot be something unchanging, the same for all times and peoples. Each era of human development is characterized by a certain culture of communication. Communication between people occurs in various forms, which depend on the level of communication, its nature, and purpose. The most typical forms of interpersonal communication are anonymous, functional-role, in which special place are occupied by service relationships, informal and intimate family communication. This classification is arbitrary and does not exhaust everything. possible forms communications in which a person can participate. Anonymous communication represents an interaction between strangers or unrelated people. It is understood as any temporary connections between people in which they act as citizens, residents of a city or town, passengers of a train, plane or public transport, spectators of a cinema or sports match, visitors to a museum or exhibition, etc. This refers to their preliminary and, as a rule, subsequent unfamiliarity. They meet, enter into mutual relations with each other and separate, they are anonymous, nameless in relation to each other. Formal-role communication assumes of various durations connections between people who have certain roles. Participants in such communication perform certain functions in relation to each other: buyer - seller, passenger - conductor, waiter - client, doctor - patient, etc. Service relationships are also of a functional-role nature, but they are characterized by a significant duration; they, as a rule, are of great importance in people’s lives. Their participants know each other to a greater or lesser extent, at least as workers, members of the same team. Informal communication represents all kinds of contacts outside the official relations of colleagues and members of any organizations. Of course, informal communication is also possible with workmates, but only if it goes beyond the scope of work relationships. Examples could be non-official contacts with workmates, acquaintances, meetings with friends, comrades in sports and other hobbies. A special area of informal communication is communication between close people or family members. In the sphere of informal communication, the role of the emotional moment changes. If in other forms of communication the emotional side accompanied its other functions (informational, regulatory), then with informalIn communication, emotional contacts become its content. Of all the relationships that develop in a work team, the most important are official Their special role is determined, firstly , because the very nature of work activity makes them necessary, and in this sense they are independent of the will of their participants. Secondly , Without them, no work activity or fulfillment of tasks facing the team is possible. Thirdly, work relationships influence people’s moods and create that moral microclimate, without which the existence of a healthy team is impossible. the main objective team - success of the business. That's why the criterion for the quality of service relationships is the interests of the business. Good work relationships develop when employees solve assigned tasks in a coordinated and friendly manner. In the same teams where “good relationships” come to the fore, its main functions are poorly performed, and the relationships themselves cease to serve the interests of the business and become unmanageable. Informal work relationships are formed on the basis of two fundamental requirements: responsibility for the work and respect for fellow workers. Responsibility- this is, first of all, demanding of oneself and of others, which is based on an understanding of the social consequences of certain actions. The latter is impossible without the correct attitude to the results of the team’s activities, to the moral and psychological climate that develops in it. A team only becomes a team when a sense of responsibility becomes natural and necessary, if not for everyone, then at least for the vast majority of workers. This means that team members in their work relationships are guided not by personal likes and dislikes, not by personal benefits, but by the interests of the common cause and its result. Only this criterion allows us to establish successful collaboration different people. Another, no less important, beginning of a culture of service relations is respect to comrades. If respect is built from relationships “horizontally”, i.e. between people occupying the same official position, then it is a direct expression of the principle of collectivism. It’s another matter when the issue of respect for an employee is viewed through the prism of “vertical” relationships, i.e. between a leader and a subordinate. Subordination relationships, i.e. leadership and subordination are also determined by moral requirements. We must not forget that subordinates are such only because of their service that they serve not the leader, but the interests of the team. And in this respect, all employees of the team are equal. This attitude of subordination and equality creates all the prerequisites for the fight against arrogance and conceit, on the one hand, and sycophancy and servility, on the other. It should be noted that both have an extremely negative impact on the moral and psychological climate of the team, breeding unprincipledness and mutual responsibility, protectionism and dishonesty. In a culture of vertical service relations, much depends on the leader. Responsibility, respect for subordinates, combined with exactingness towards oneself and towards them is the only reliable leadership style that ensures the successful solution of the tasks facing the team, the creation of a healthy moral and psychological climate in the team. A few words about the norms of official and business relations in medical institutions. In addition to generally accepted norms, a number of additional points are of particular importance for doctors: The environment in medical institutions should be as gentle as possible on the patient’s psyche, create an atmosphere of trust in the doctor, and be conducive to optimism and recovery of patients. Everything that negatively affects the course of the disease and the patient’s recovery must be eliminated. It is necessary to create a favorable regime. The environment in the doctor's office should be conducive to creative work and encourage a calm, intimate story from the patient. An immutable rule should be established: during the reception and examination of a patient, any interference that distracts the doctor is unacceptable. Relationships between health workers should be based on collegiality, mutual respect, mutual assistance and trust. Can't be discussed medical errors in the presence of the patient. It is unacceptable for a consultant to criticize the attending physician in the presence of the patient, as well as conduct a consultation without the attending physician. It is not permissible to address nursing and nursing staff on a first-name basis or make comments to nurses in the presence of patients. In turn, the patient must treat the doctor with respect, follow the internal rules, and honestly and conscientiously follow all the doctor’s instructions.
21.3. The concept of moral culture and culture of behavior. Information culture
The specific interaction of morality with all the components of spiritual culture, the filling of science, education, and art with moral content allows us to talk about the moral culture of society. The concept of culture fixes attention on the achieved level of material and spiritual development of society. However, the reality, the objective wealth of society, recognized by many generations, is only the external form of the existence of culture. The real content of culture is the development of man himself as a social being, the development of his creative powers, relationships, needs, abilities, forms of communication. There is culture necessary condition for the existence, functioning and development of society. In other words, the survival of society also depends on moral culture as an integral part of culture in general. We are talking about the extent to which this or that society is capable of ensuring the establishment of the simplest (ordinary) norms of human society, what is the moral content of everyday communication between people, what is the nature of their personal relationships? Moral culture is a socio-historical process, the practice of moral mastery of reality by a social person through his generic essential forces - moral consciousness and moral feeling. The moral culture of an individual is a relatively independent component of communication and activity. It is inseparable from the development of culture as a whole, but has relative independence, being an indicator of the degree of assimilation of the norms and principles of behavior prevailing in society. The moral culture of an individual is in one way or another determined by the level of cultural development of society as a whole. Morality serves all spheres of social relations, but its role as a special regulatory force manifests itself in different ways. The initial elementary level of the functioning of morality can be considered the simplest rules of human society. The concept of human community indicates the moment of necessary unity between people entering into mutual communication in the process of their joint labor, socio-political and everyday activities.IN in this case this means the unity of communication norms that ensure the existence of society, the reproduction of the public life, and on this basis, personal life. This gives rise, already at the initial stages of human history, to the need for special norms that ensure human solidarity, which is expressed in elementary mutual assistance and comradely support. The need for norms of this kind goes far beyond the immediate processes of labor. The increasing complexity of social relations, the development of communications, civilization, and self-awareness are increasingly complicating the process of communication, which is reflected in the content and scope of the simplest norms of human society. In addition to the norms that ensure basic solidarity of people, norms regulating public discipline on the street, transport, and in places large cluster of people. A culture of behavior is a set of forms of daily human activity (in work, everyday life, communication with other people), in which the moral and aesthetic norms of this behavior find external expression. If moral norms determine the content of actions and prescribe what exactly people should do, then the culture of behavior reveals how specifically the requirements of morality are implemented in behavior, what is the external appearance of a person’s behavior. The culture of behavior depends, first of all, on the worldview, morality, spiritual appearance of a person, on his moral qualities. For whom morality, its principles and norms have become a deep moral conviction, an internal need, the question does not arise of what to do under the current circumstances so that it is cultural and moral. Every act of his will be moral and cultural. The culture of people’s behavior is developed in the process of their Everyday life and activities. Its content includes a wide range of well-known norms and rules, such as the requirement to comply with established procedures in public places, at work, at home and visiting, and to be polite in dealing with people. These norms and rules are not something separate from morality. In essence, they are a concrete expression of moral requirements. A culture of behavior depends not only on the mechanical mastery of certain norms and rules of behavior. It is necessary that compliance with these norms and rules become a habit, an internal need of a person. Otherwise, they turn into a burden and constrain human behavior. Moral norms and rules not only emotionally color our behavior, but also give it a certain direction, strengthen or weaken the effectiveness of actions. In this regard, it is necessary to “educate” the surrounding social environment, which would constantly remind a person of the requirements of morality and culture of behavior. Informatization of society could play a decisive role in this process. With the intensification of informatization processes, we can talk about information culture. The latter is a way of existence of culture in general, it is a kind of copy of it. Culture as a set of material and spiritual values can exist in symbolic form as information. By the information culture of society we will further understand its ability to effectively use the information resources and means of information communications available to society, as well as to apply for these purposes advanced achievements in the field of development of information means and information technologies. The main factors in the development of information culture modern society are the following:- education system that determines the general level intellectual development people, their material and spiritual needs; the information infrastructure of society, which determines the ability of people to receive, transmit and use the information they need, as well as quickly carry out certain information communications; democratization of society, which determines legal guarantees for people to have access to the information they need, the development of mass media, as well as the ability of citizens to use alternative, including foreign, sources of information; the development of the country's economy, on which depends the material opportunities of people to obtain the necessary education, as well as the acquisition and use of modern information technology (TVs, personal computers, radiotelephones, etc.).
21.4. Moral progress, its criteria and directions
Morality is a social phenomenon that is in constant change and development. People's views about good and evil are changing, customs and traditions are improving. While solving some moral problems, others arise in society. The process of moral development is complex and depends on both social conditions, and from changes in other areas of human activity. The processes of moral change were not always correctly understood. The contradictory nature of morality and the lack of clear criteria contributed to the formation of negative or skeptical views regarding the progress of morality . The ancient Greek poet Hesiod noted that civilization went through several periods (centuries) in its development. The first was the golden age, the society was characterized by high morality, people were pious, lived well and without problems. The next was the Silver Age - people lived worse, as a result of the degradation of morality. The process of degradation of morality continues further, so the next century was worse than the previous one. However, reality proves morality develops in an ascending line, that morality has progressive tendencies. This is evidenced by the increasing possibilities of morality to influence social processes and the spiritual improvement of the individual. Morality is increasingly penetrating all spheres of society and plays a decisive role in the regulation of human activity. Morality is a way of self-expression and improvement of a person, its manifestation in the system of social relations. Being the totality of human experience, values and ideals, morality contributes to the improvement of the moral consciousness of the individual. Moral progress as an integral part of social progress is determined by the same conditions. Accordingly, the criterion of moral progress is the universal human criterion of the same social progress - the degree of human freedom, humanization and democratization of social relations. In other words , moral progress can be judged by the extent to which the norms and principles of morality reflect the objective conditions of social development and correspond to the needs of the development of social relations and the human personality. Social progress is the comprehensive qualitative and quantitative development of all spheres of society - productive forces, technology, natural and technical knowledge, material and spiritual culture, morality, art, etc. Without moral progress there can be no social progress. The content of social progress is the degree of development and freedom of man, his dominance over the forces of nature, over social and spiritual phenomena and himself. The content of moral progress is the degree of humanization of social relations, the resolution of contradictions between good and evil, the individual and society. It helps to expand objective opportunities for morally positive choices in behavior and the development of moral consciousness. Moral progress inevitably leads to an increase in the role and responsibility of each person in all spheres of society.
21.5. Morality, economics, law and politics
Morality as a social phenomenon is determined primarily by the nature and content of social relations. In the system of these relations, economic activity develops, which is the basis of society and determines all forms of spiritual activity. Policy there is a way of interaction between classes and social groups directly or indirectly related to state power, management of social phenomena. Morality and politics as forms of social consciousness interact, are directly related to the economic basis, and reflect these economic relations in a specific way. The political relations of classes and social groups are determined by the basic, economic interests of these classes. Politics is a concentrated expression of economics. Economic interests receive theoretical expression as political ideas. Expressing the basic interests of classes and social groups, politics cannot but have primacy over the economy and other spheres of public life. Politics has a powerful impact on the economic, social, and spiritual spheres. In this sense, it regulates the morality of society indirectly. Or, in other words, economics affects morality through the prism of political concepts. If politics reflects its subject primarily in political views, ideas and theories, then morality reflects reality through various norms, rules, prohibitions, principles, laws and categories of ethics. If While political concepts of classes are expressed in various programs and charters, moral views and concepts do not have such expression. Political ideology is formulated by certain individuals, party ideologists, while moral standards are formed in the process of joint activity of people. The difference between politics and morality is also manifested in the relationship between universal and class elements. In politics, class elements are formulated more clearly and directly, while in morality, universal human interests predominate. Moral relations are addressed to the interaction of the individual and the collective. Politics reflects more complex relationships and interests and is intended for a holistic system: classes - parties - state - society - individual. Since politics is directly related to the economic basis, it reacts faster and more strongly to changes in the basis than morality. There are two extremes in understanding the relationship between politics and morality, which are based on the idea of their incompatibility. Even N. Machiavelli (1469-1527) argued that politics is immoral, that the end justifies the means, that any means can be used to achieve political goals, including deception and violence. And J. Locke argued that it is pointless to talk about morality in relation to the state and politics. If politics is exaggerated here and morality is ignored, then the other extreme absolutizes morality and ignores politics. The reality is that politics expresses various interests, both progressive and regressive. Morality is a sensory barometer that, in an emotional and evaluative form, captures trends and changes in society.Politics must be judged by morality. Many theorists consider it necessary to even formulate a political ethics that would unite liberal and democratic values and combine the principle of political freedom with the principle of social protection 1 . Political ethics This is a general democratic principle of regulating freedom in political behavior. Such ethics is possible in a democratic society, when competing parties can come to an agreement, when there is a pluralism of values and ideals, when universal human interests prevail in society. If state, party, social policy not based on morality, noted A. Solzhenitsyn, then humanity has no future at all 2 . Along with political ethics in society there should also be ethics of nonviolence 2 . Throughout history, all controversial issues have been resolved from the point of view of force. Whoever is stronger is right; strength was the ultimate truth. 95% of the blood and tears shed in history were done out of good intentions, out of blind faith in some sacred principles that must be implemented necessarily and immediately. Non-violence is the defining content of goodness and can be considered synonymous with ethics; it is an adequate means of implementing justice and legality. Non-violence, by changing people and inter-human relations, can positively change social institutions, parties, classes, states. The ethics of non-violence recommends resolving all controversial issues peacefully, through mutual trust, consensus, taking into account the opinion of the opponent (that he may also be right), trying to turn enemies into friends and fighting evil together. Force, by conquering and destroying the enemy, can only temporarily suppress the conflict, but does not eliminate its cause. Nonviolence can eliminate the basis of conflict and rebuild social relations on the basis of trust and mutual cooperation. Morality and law are forms of social consciousness that have common functions of regulating people’s behavior. But people’s behavior is regulated not only by morality, but also by legal laws, administrative decisions, social and hygienic standards, etc. Morality and law also have their differences. Legal laws are formulated and adopted as various codes, sanctioned by the will of the state, moral laws are “unwritten” laws. Legal regulation is more stringent and is carried out through coercion, while morality is based on its voluntary implementation. Legal laws are addressed to certain categories of people, social institutions and are binding. Moral laws are intended for everyone, and their implementation depends on the desire of everyone. Violation of legal laws leads to personal responsibility and punishment, and violation of moral standards, in the worst case, is condemned by public opinion. Law is the will of the ruling class (party) elevated to law, therefore, legal laws contain class and party elements and reflect the interests of certain social groups. Morality expresses more universal human moments.
Communication like most important characteristic human existence is inextricably linked with morality. Morality is included in all spheres of human activity, and in principle it is impossible to imagine any sphere of human activity, including the sphere of communication, outside the action of morality: any phenomenon of communication carries one or another moral content.
What is the relationship between communication and morality? What role does morality play in the communication process?
Firstly, communication is the sphere of direct implementation of moral values and norms, in which a person constantly faces a moral choice that determines his moral or immoral actions.
Secondly, the communication process itself is assessed from a moral point of view.
Thirdly, moral values, ideals, principles and norms, along with other social norms, regulate the process of communication.
Modern researchers in the field of ethics believe that the special theoretical and practical significance ethical issues communication requires the creation of a specialized section of ethical knowledge called "ethics of communication", the status of which may be similar, for example, to the status of such sections as: "applied ethics", " professional ethics", "bioethics".
What should be included in the competence of communication ethics? What should she teach? What is its subject?
The subject of communication ethics should be an analysis of the moral aspects of communication at the theoretical and practical levels. It includes an analysis of communication problems both at the level of what is and at the level of what should be.
At the theoretical level, communication ethics should study the moral problems of value orientations in communication, the content and essence of the moral qualities of the subjects of communication, as well as the problems of moral choice of methods, means, rules, and forms of communication.
At the practical level, the subject of study of communication ethics is a set of specific practical techniques, norms (primarily moral ones), and rules of communication.
In addition to studying communication processes from a moral perspective, communication ethics is intended to influence real communication processes, to teach how one should and how one should not communicate.
Communication ethics is closely related to communication culture. K. Marx defined culture as the measure of humanity in a person. Developing this idea, we can say that the culture of communication determines the measure of humanity in communication.
The culture of communication, as an integral part of the individual’s culture, determines the quality and degree of perfection of communication. The concept of “ethics of communication” expresses the moral content of the broader concept of “culture of communication”. Culture of behavior, culture of speech, culture of non-verbal means of communication (facial expressions, gestures, vocal characteristics of the voice, etc.), culture of etiquette, speech etiquette, the psychological culture of communication partners, all this is included in the culture of communication.
How are ethics and communication culture related? We can say this: what is not cultural is not ethical.
Imagine that a woman in a minibus is loudly discussing her business with a friend on her mobile phone. This is uncivilized; according to etiquette, loud conversation in the presence of strangers is not permissible. But this is also unethical, since, firstly, it demonstrates disrespect for other passengers, who are perceived as inanimate objects, and, secondly, other people’s affairs become the property of strangers. Another example. A person with impeccable manners begins to mock the mistake of his interlocutor. The ironic subtext is clear, it hurts, especially since it is difficult to defend against irony. Unethical? Yes. Can such a person be called cultured? Obviously not, since culture includes a spiritual component. It’s not for nothing that A.P. Chekhov wrote: “Good education is not that you don’t spill sauce on the tablecloth, but that you don’t notice if someone else does it.” Thus, the moral characteristics of a person, which include friendliness, attentiveness, generosity, nobility, altruism, etc., along with the technique and style of communication, determine the culture of communication itself.
Every person has a need to communicate with others. Some are more sociable, others less so, but for the main two forms of human interaction - friendship and love - communication is necessary. Any human actions always have some kind of framework, boundaries and rules. What norms and rules govern our communication and determine the culture of speech?
The ethics of speech communication is determined by the culture of speech. Ethics prescribes rules of moral behavior for people, etiquette determines behavior in certain situations and specific formulas of politeness. A person who observes etiquette but violates ethical standards of communication is hypocritical and deceptive. Ethical and highly moral behavior with non-compliance with the rules of etiquette also looks rather strange from the outside and does not inspire confidence.
— The golden rule of conversation.
There is a so-called golden rule of communication, the essence of which is that you should treat others the way you would like to be treated by others. This rule can be extended to any situation. Thus, the following basic ethical principles of communication are considered:
1) altruism (readiness to sacrifice something for the sake of another),
2) virtue (establishing relationships with others from the standpoint of goodness and goodness),
3) exactingness (making demands on oneself and others to fulfill a moral duty, responsibility),
4) justice,
5) parity (equality between people), etc.
Thanks to goodwill, sincerity and openness, trust arises between people, without which communication is impossible. Communication also reveals the following moral qualities of a person: honesty, truthfulness, kindness, respectful attitude towards others, caring for others, politeness, etc.
Also, ethical principles of communication affect the content of the speech itself. It must be logical, understandable to both parties, polite, meaningful, truthful and expedient. Everyone decides for themselves whether brevity is the sister of talent. To some, short speech seems unnatural (this depends only on the person’s personal characteristics). Read also the article about. 
— Moral and ethical principles in communication between people.
It may seem to some that they are completely free from the rules imposed by society, including during communication. But sooner or later it becomes clear that in order to successfully complete the conversation, and simply to enjoy the conversation, some norms will still have to be taken into account.
And the main ethical principle of communication is the observance of parity, that is, recognition of the equality of partners, maintaining a respectful atmosphere during the conversation.
True, the understanding of the need to follow this rule does not come immediately; some acquire this knowledge in the process of education, while others have to figure everything out with their own mind. In any case, moral and ethical principles are decisive in human behavior. They are responsible for the manner of speech, attitude towards the interlocutor and the individual’s need to perform certain actions.
In the formation of the basic principles of communication, the highest regulatory function is performed by the components of moral health - moral beliefs, habits, qualities, actions and abilities. Therefore, with a high level of culture, a person has the ability to systematically combat the negative traits of his character, making interaction with other people more pleasant for both parties.
That is, adherence to the general ethical principles of communication allows a person to show humanity when interacting with others - to empathize, sympathize, show kindness, decency and mercy. This behavior allows you to demonstrate to a person how valuable certain contacts are to him.
The main ethical principles of communication are:
The advantage of using such communication norms is not only the improvement in the quality of interaction, but also the possibility of preliminary development of the communication scenario to find the best moves. 
— 6 basic ethical principles of business conduct.
1)Punctuality (do everything on time).
Only the behavior of a person who does everything on time is normative. Being late interferes with work and is a sign that the person cannot be relied upon. The principle of doing everything on time applies to all work assignments. Experts who study the organization and distribution of working time recommend adding an extra 25% to the time that, in your opinion, is required to complete the assigned work. Violation of this principle is considered disrespect for the recipient, which may affect the course of the subsequent conversation.
2)Confidentiality (don't talk too much).
Secrets of an institution, corporation, or specific transaction must be kept as carefully as secrets of a personal nature. You should not retell to anyone what you have heard from a colleague, manager or subordinate about their official activities or personal life.
3)Courtesy, friendliness and friendliness.
In any situation, it is necessary to behave with clients, clients, customers and co-workers politely, affably and kindly. This, however, does not mean the need to be friends with everyone with whom you have to communicate on duty.
4) Attention to others(think about others, not just yourself).
It should extend to colleagues, superiors and subordinates. Respect the opinions of others, try to understand why they have a particular point of view. Always listen to criticism and advice from colleagues, superiors and subordinates. When someone questions the quality of your work, show that you value other people's thoughts and experiences. Self-confidence shouldn't stop you from being humble.
5) Appearance (dress appropriately).
The main approach is to fit into your work environment, and within this environment - into the contingent of workers at your level. You need to look your best in the best possible way, that is, dress with taste, choosing a color scheme that suits your face. Great importance have carefully selected accessories.
6) Literacy (speak and write in good language).
Internal documents or letters sent outside the institution must be written in good language, and all proper names must be conveyed without errors. You cannot use swear words; Even if you just quote the words of another person, those around you will perceive them as part of your own vocabulary. 
These principles are present to varying degrees and recognized as valid in various business cultures. The fundamental principles in the business world are: responsibility, respect for human dignity and the interests of those involved in business.
The material was prepared by Dilyara specifically for the site
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Communication is one of the most important components of human life. Every day we come across a huge number of people, and with many of them we enter into conversations, both personal and work-related. At the same time, not every one of us has an understanding of the norms and moral principles of communication, the knowledge of which allows us to feel worthy in any conversation and dispute, as well as to earn respect from our interlocutor or opponent. Let's try to talk about moral principles and human communication norms in more detail.
Experts argue that the complete moral culture of an individual is manifested and also realized precisely in the culture of communication. Communication itself, as well as work and cognition, are the main manifestations of our activity; it is also called communicative activity. Such contact with others is a special form of human interaction and relationships between individuals.
It is thanks to communication that we have the opportunity to exchange some experience, various skills in work and at home, and also influence each other. Such contact ensures the normal formation of intelligence, development emotional sphere and volitional qualities of a person. By interacting with other people through speech, we develop individual consciousness, basic mental properties, abilities and personal qualities. In addition, communication is important for the correction and development of forms of behavior or activity.
Accordingly, without it, a person simply cannot develop as a subject of activity or social relations. Every developed person feels the need for communication with other individuals; it is the most important part of our existence.
If we talk about the moral culture of communication, then it represents the ability of an individual to choose the necessary forms and means during communication, perceived and transformed by him even during his upbringing, as well as through self-improvement. Such a culture helps to intensify an individual’s desire for personal self-expression and self-affirmation, without discounting the need for complete moral and psychological mutual understanding, including when solving business problems.
The level of a person’s moral development can help full communication, or, on the contrary, it can cause a feeling of alienation and misunderstanding if this level is quite low.
A moral culture of communication presupposes the desire of interlocutors for complete mutual understanding and openness, sympathy and trust. Such people know how to speak and at the same time know how to listen.
In many ways, moral culture is based on the presence of certain moral values in a person, which are a kind of standard. By choosing them, a person confirms his conscious attitude to the foundations of morality. Thus, the moral values of goodness, duty and responsibility, honor and justice, as well as dignity and conscience, especially influence a person’s behavior, his relationships with others, and also, of course, the culture of his communication.
It is moral values that determine the specifics of communicative attitudes in interaction and communication between people. Thus, if an individual defines humanity as a value, then his communication skills will be characterized by humanism. Accordingly, such a person will manifest himself in communication and interaction as decent, humane, honest and kind, treating others with respect.
To realize your abilities, you must be in harmony with the world and with yourself. At the same time, you need to adhere to just a couple of basic moral norms - do not do to others something that you would not want for yourself, and also understand that what you do for others, you do for yourself. When building a dialogue, it is worth observing such principles of communication as equality and goodwill, expressing trust and respect, showing tolerance and tact. The ability to listen, the presence of a certain delicacy and compassion also play an important role.
Accordingly, moral communication cannot involve manipulating others and seeking only one's own benefit, especially through the use of tricks, fraud and dishonesty. This golden rule of morality will help achieve high level communication culture, revealing and bringing out your best qualities.
Of course, mastery of moral culture implies a person’s awareness of certain cultural models of behavior - general patterns, etiquette requirements and strategies. In addition, the individual must be able to adequately use such knowledge in all kinds of communication situations, and, if the need arises, find new ones.
Moral communication itself can be viewed as a creative act. An extremely important role is played by the ability to coordinate one’s behavioral traits with the behavior of the interlocutor, taking into account the peculiarities of psychophysiological interaction - voice timbre, reaction speed, etc.
Thus, moral communication implies knowledge and mastery of certain cultural communication tools, behavioral norms that are natural for the sociocultural environment, as well as the presence of a high moral culture of the individual.
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