How long can you not sit after conization of the cervix. How is cervical conization done? A special place is occupied by the procedure of conization in the life of nulliparous women.

Women's reproductive system – complex mechanism, the correct operation of which depends on the state of each organ. During the detected and treated pathology will allow to endure and give birth healthy child, whereas a careless attitude to one's health can result in serious complications, up to infertility.

Currently, for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the internal genital organs, there are many effective and efficient methods, one of which is conization of the cervix - excision of a cone-shaped section of the damaged surface with the capture of a layer of soft tissues. After the operation, the material is sent for research in order to identify the type of disease and the degree of its spread.

Conization of the cervix is carried out in a hospital, the degree of surgical intervention and the method of its implementation depends on the patient's condition and level pathological changes. Appointed this procedure with dysplasia various stages, erosive lesions of the mucous surface and with suspicion of cancerous tumor. This intervention is contraindicated in the presence of such genital infections as gonorrhea, chlamydia, trichomoniasis and others. sexually transmitted diseases. In this case, a course of antibiotics is first prescribed, and only after its successful completion, further surgical procedures are possible.

During the examination laboratory methods the presence or absence of cancer cells is determined. With a positive biopsy result, more in-depth studies and appropriate treatment are prescribed.

If cervical cancer is diagnosed last stage, then the entire organ is removed to prevent further spread of metastases and their development into malignant neoplasms in neighboring areas.

In case of detection of dysplasia - the predominance of atypical cells in the epithelial layer, the removal of the damaged area is a necessity, while the organ is preserved. To prevent further progression of the pathology, during excision, a part of healthy flesh (about five millimeters) is captured, which increases the size of the wound surface, but eliminates the risk of recurrent manifestations of the disease.

Conization of the cervix with dysplasia is performed in several ways:

Knife - conization is carried out using a scalpel. The method is considered the most traumatic, therefore it is used very rarely. The procedure is quite painful, which requires the adoption of measures for anesthesia. The healing period after tissue excision by this method is quite long, serious complications often occur in the form of bleeding and infection of the wound with pathogens. As it heals, a scar forms, which can become a problem during pregnancy and subsequent childbirth.
Laser - latest method holding gynecological operations. With the help of a laser, the maximum accuracy of removing the changed layers of the epithelium is achieved. During the operation, the specialist has the ability to change the depth of exposure and the size of the area to be removed. The cervical canal is excised more accurately, which reduces the risk of postoperative complications. During the recovery period, the patient may experience minor bloody issues, painful sensations of a pulling nature that persist for a short time and a feeling of discomfort. After conization of the cervix, the functionality of the organ is preserved, the possibility of bearing a fetus increases several times. The method is quite expensive, which is its significant drawback, since it remains inaccessible for many women.
Loop - is carried out by a special electrode loop through which an alternating current passes. It is prescribed for the removal of cysts, polyps, and is also used for conization, if there is a suspicion of the presence of atypical cells. The method is high-tech, allowing to minimize pain manifestations and bleeding after the procedure. Biological material taken using an electric loop is practically not damaged, which facilitates its further study.
Radio wave is the most common and least traumatic method. Coagulation of damaged tissues occurs by exposure to high-frequency waves, while there is no pain, since soft tissues lose sensitivity due to the death of nerve endings. After conization of the cervix by the radio wave method, the childbearing function is completely preserved, and after the procedure there is practically no risk of complications.

Surgery is performed immediately after menstrual cycle, which rules out possible pregnancy and increases the time frame for wound healing.

Recovery after conization

After conization modern methods(radio wave and electrocoagulation), the patient can return home on the same day, after spending several hours under the supervision of doctors. If there is no weakness, dizziness, or severe pain the patient is discharged from the hospital. Further, it should be regularly preventive examinations and fulfill all the appointments of a gynecologist to prevent possible deviations that will negatively affect reproductive health.

The recovery period proceeds for each woman purely individually, depending on the age and characteristics of the body. During wound healing sick leave is not issued, with the exception of temporary inconveniences and an uncomfortable state, the fair sex leads their usual lifestyle, and they do not need disability. Complete healing occurs a month after the procedure, in some cases, recovery can be delayed for two or even three months.

Not always healing after conization is easy and smooth. In young women, cell regeneration, and therefore soft tissue recovery, is faster than in older women. Also play a role in this accompanying illnesses and complicating recovery. At the same time, pain sensations of a pulling nature, discomfort in the perineal region may occur in the lower abdomen.

To speed up the healing of the wound surface, a woman is recommended to follow some rules:

can't be accepted hot bath, visit the bath, sauna;
do not swim in open water and swimming pools;
do not neglect the rules of personal hygiene;
give up bad habits such as alcohol and smoking;
suspend reception medicines blood thinners, such as aspirin;
not recommended to use vaginal suppositories and tampons;
you can not have sex for at least two months after the procedure;
do not douche;
use only sanitary pads;
limit physical activity and avoid lifting heavy objects.

Drug treatment in the postoperative stage consists of a course of antibacterial and restorative drugs. Dosage and duration of medication is prescribed by a specialist, depending on general well-being women and the ability of her body to recover.

Fully tissues after damage to the integrity of the surface layer are restored after three, four months. After a year, it is necessary to undergo a colposcopy and a second one.

Symptoms of postoperative complications

Severe complications after conization of the cervix are rare, but some characteristic conditions are often observed:

Important! If severe pain does not stop after several weeks after surgery, the level of bleeding exceeds the allowable level, while there is a significant increase in body temperature, loss of appetite, weakness and dizziness, you should immediately seek medical help.

All of the above symptoms can signal the development of potentially dangerous health conditions. They can arise due to an unprofessional operation, a surgeon’s mistake, or non-compliance with postoperative restrictions.

infection on open wound can get during surgery, which threatens the development inflammatory process. After conization, the neck becomes shorter, changes anatomical structure reproductive organ, which entails a violation barrier functions preventing the penetration of viruses and bacteria into internal environment. Moreover, the larger the surgical field, the higher the risk of inflammation. Then a second operation is possible, the purpose of which is to eliminate pathological process and his negative consequences.

Any surgery, associated with the dissection of soft tissues and the violation of the integrity of small capillaries and larger blood vessels, entails the occurrence of bleeding in more than five out of a hundred cases. At some points, hemostatic therapy is required to eliminate the causes of the complication and stop blood loss.

Bleeding after surgical manipulations can be both moderate and excessively abundant, and last for twenty days. There may be spotting, a dirty brown color and bad smell which indicates the presence of an infection. For recovery period failures of the menstrual cycle are characteristic, and the first and second periods after the operation are more abundant than those that took place before.

The norm is considered to be insignificant blood discharge within two, three weeks after the operation, not accompanied by painful sensations. This is a natural phenomenon, during the passage of the repair process, which spontaneously stops with time.

Important! Most serious complication after conization of the cervix, this is a stenosis of the walls of the cervical canal, which occurs in two percent of patients. The narrowing of the passage becomes an obstacle to the onset of pregnancy, therefore, conization is not performed for women whose plans include the birth of a child.

Allocations

The appearance of discharge after excision of soft tissues is an integral part of the recovery period. Do not be alarmed when bloody discharge occurs due to minor damage small vessels- everything will stop as the wound heals.

A week after the patient was discharged home, the amount of discharge may increase, this is due to the release of the scab, which is localized at the site of the wound. The crust is formed mainly after radio wave conization and closes the open wound surface, which is the "entrance gate" for harmful microorganisms. As the scab heals, it comes out of the cervical canal on its own, approximately on the seventh day. This is a natural process that accompanies surgery with the use of special tools.

After its release, the discharge will decrease, but will not stop at all, because the damaged surface can bleed for several months, which is not considered a manifestation of pathology. At this time, the cell layer is restored, the tissues undergo a regeneration process, the body is strengthened. This is a natural process that does not require additional measures by its acceleration. The only inconvenience that occurs in the female half is the constant use of sanitary pads.

When there are abundant vaginal discharge With characteristic features infection, you should immediately contact a specialist. This pathology requires urgent measures in the form of drug treatment.

Pain in the postoperative period

Every woman who has undergone surgery on the internal genital organs, including conization, inevitably faces pain during the recovery period. If the surgery itself is painless due to anesthesia, then after the withdrawal from anesthesia, the sensitivity is restored, there are drawing pains intense character in the lower abdomen.

In the process of recovery, the tone of the muscles of the body of the uterus returns to normal, contractile activity increases, which is expressed in shackling pains. This condition is quite tolerable, and completely disappears within ten days. If the pain is too severe (mainly in nulliparous women), it is possible to use an anesthetic, such as Nurofen.

Restoration of the menstrual cycle

After the operation, menstruation usually comes on time, in some cases there may be a delay of several days, it all depends on the individual characteristics of the body and the nature of the intervention. The first menstrual flow may be accompanied by painful manifestations, and be longer and more abundant than usual.

Subject to all prescriptions, the menstrual cycle is quickly restored, all reproductive functions are preserved. If the bleeding lasts more than two weeks, this is a reason to visit a antenatal clinic.

Women who want to give birth to a second child, as well as those who have not yet given birth, are recommended to treat cervical pathologies with more gentle methods than tissue excision. However, if surgery is unavoidable, it is advisable to choose less traumatic methods, such as laser and radio wave conization. After a full recovery, conception can be planned only after a year, otherwise an insufficiently healed wound may become inflamed, which will complicate the course of pregnancy.

In general, conization does not negatively affect the process of fertilization, which cannot be said about gestation and childbirth. Sometimes a large area is excised to remove all damaged tissue, after which weakening of muscle tissue may occur. Under fetal pressure, the cervix may open prematurely, which will provoke the onset premature birth. To avoid this, a special suture is applied to the neck, which is removed before childbirth.

After the operation, in the process of tightening the wound, scar tissue is formed, the elasticity of the walls decreases, which causes complications during childbirth. naturally. Therefore, most often women after conization are given a caesarean section, which does not affect the health of the child and mother in any way.

During pregnancy and after childbirth, a woman should be under close attention medical workers which will reduce the risk of postpartum complications.

Effects

According to statistics, the effectiveness of cervical conization as a method of treating dysplasia and preventing the development of oncology is rather low. There is also a high probability re-development pathology, with fifty women out of a hundred developing a more severe form of the disease, up to non-invasive cancer, which leads to radical amputation of the entire organ within two years.

Why is this happening? The human papillomavirus () is main reason precancerous diseases of the reproductive organs. It can't be cured operational methods, the malicious virus remains in the cells of the epithelial layer and continues to actively spread. Conization is not a hindrance to this process, and relapse of the disease is noted in 70%.

If the presence of cancer cells is diagnosed, then surgical intervention can provoke them accelerated growth and spread of metastases. Here already any drug therapy powerless to save the life of the patient along with the appendages. After such an operation, a woman often needs psychological help because she can no longer have children.

Conclusion

To avoid complications in postoperative period, a woman is prescribed a course of antibiotics, to strengthen the body and raise the immune forces are recommended vitamin complexes. For a quick recovery, you need to eat right, including in daily diet fresh fruits and vegetables, as well as foods rich in useful trace elements.

Compliance with the postoperative regimen will benefit, overwork and nervous situations should be avoided. Two weeks after the operation, a smear is taken for cytology. Then the woman must undergo examinations annually, for several years.

Video: cervical conization

Gynecological diseases - dysplasia, non-invasive and invasive cervical cancer belong to frequent illnesses women. The danger is the absence of symptoms at the beginning of the disease. Often the signs of the disease appear already at the stage when to guarantee full recovery after treatment, doctors can not. The key to a woman's health is regular examination. If pathologies are detected, conization of the cervix is performed, the radio wave method is more often used, with the help of which the operation is carried out quickly and without complications.

What is cervical conization

Carrying out conization consists in removing the pathological tissue of the cervix or cervical canal in the form of a cone-shaped fragment. The purpose of the operation is:

Achievement therapeutic effect. Removal of a section of pathological epithelium prevents further development illness. Treatment of dysplasia or non-invasive cancer is considered complete as a result of removal of the tumor or problematic area of the epithelium. Re-conization is rarely used.
Diagnostic study. The tissue is removed and sent for histology - the study of the excised area of the epithelium. Timely detection of malignant epithelial cells as a result of a histological examination of the biomaterial obtained by conization increases the patient's chances of recovery. In such cases, further treatment is prescribed.

Indications

The decision on the need for surgical manipulation is made by the doctor on the basis of an examination, a colposcopy, and a smear examination for a Pap test. The indications for the appointment of the operation are:

positive result smear or cervical biopsy studies;
pathology of the mucous membranes of the cervical canal;
the presence of cervical dysplasia of 3-4 degrees;
cervical erosion;
deformation of the cervix (cervical tears after childbirth, rough scars).

Contraindications

When found in a woman's body inflammatory diseases or infections (gonorrhea, chlamydia, trichomoniasis), surgical procedures are postponed until these ailments are completely cured. The patient is prescribed antibiotics, and after a successful course of treatment, surgery is performed. In the presence of histological confirmation of invasive cancer, the conization method is not used.

Procedure methods

Excision of the cervix to remove problematic mucosal cells, tumors, polyps is carried out by the following methods:

knife;
radio wave (loop conization);
laser conization.

Resection with a scalpel is almost never used due to the risk of complications after the operation. The most common method is radio wave. The advantages of this method are:

Minimally invasive intervention. An electrode can be used to complete removal the affected membrane of the cervix, without affecting healthy tissue. The ability of the device to carry out surface grinding after manipulation minimizes the risk of bleeding in the postoperative period.
Preservation reproductive functions. It does not affect the ability of conception and childbearing, as it does not provoke scarring of the tissue.
The possibility of carrying out the procedure on an outpatient basis.

The latest development is the use of a laser for surgical intervention. The method is used:

when the tumor spreads from the cervical mucosa to the vagina;
with extensive lesions of the dysplasia of the epithelial layer.

disadvantage laser method counts high price procedures. Not all clinics have expensive equipment; special training of personnel is required to maintain the device. The advantages of the method include:

high precision carrying out manipulations. The equipment is the most effective, with its help you can perform sparing manipulations, avoid possible negative consequences - postoperative bleeding, rough scarring of tissues.
Exclusion of the development of infection after manipulation. The process is non-contact, without the use of tools, and the laser has the property of destroying pathogenic microflora.
No bleeding. Under the influence of the laser, coagulation of the vessels occurs.
Preservation of the reproductive function of women.

Training

Before the operation, the doctor prescribes the following to the patient: diagnostic examination:

general and biochemical analysis blood to determine the level of basic indicators and to establish the absence or presence of syphilis, HIV, hepatitis A and C;
Analysis of urine;
bacterioscopic analysis of a smear for flora;
biopsy;
colposcopy (examination using a device that magnifies the surface being examined by 40 times);
PCR diagnostics (to detect the presence of infection in the body on early stage, during the incubation period).

How is the operation

With all methods used, surgical intervention is carried out immediately after the end of menstruation, but no later than the eleventh day from the onset of menstruation. During this period, the possibility of pregnancy of the patient is excluded. Nearly complete absence in the epithelial layer of nerve endings makes the procedure painless, but anesthesia is used in all cases.

knife

From existing methods this operation is the most traumatic, but provides an ideal biomaterial for research. Appointed when it is impossible to use other methods. The cone of the cervix is excised by this method with a scalpel, so the operation is accompanied profuse bleeding and a long healing period. surgical procedure performed by a gynecologist in a hospital under general anesthesia or under spinal anesthesia. The procedure takes less than an hour. After the operation, the patient is under the supervision of a doctor for a day.

laser

For surgical treatment of gynecological diseases, a laser with a diameter of 1 mm and 2-3 mm is used. The principle of their action is different. A larger diameter (2-3 mm) is used to evaporate the affected tissue (vaporization). Under the influence of the energy of the gliding beam, only the cells of the upper layer of the epithelium evaporate, the lower ones are not affected, and a scab is formed. The procedure is carried out quickly up to 7 minutes, but after it it is impossible to obtain a biopsy. Used for cauterization of the neck during erosion.

thin beam high frequency acts as a scalpel for excision of the cone-shaped part in the affected area. In this case, the doctor receives material for research. Under the influence of the energy of the beam, coagulation of the vessels occurs, and there is no bleeding. The use of a laser requires maximum immobilization of the patient, so the procedure is performed under general anesthesia although it is considered painless.

radio wave

Electroconization of the cervix is carried out with dysplasia, tumors using the Surgitron apparatus. The procedure is carried out with an electrode that emits radio waves. In the photo, it looks like a loop. Radioconization takes place under local anesthesia time - 15-30 minutes. The loop is placed 3 mm above the affected area, the device is turned on and the pathological tissue is removed. The surgeon controls the actions with the help of a colposcope. After the operation, the patient's condition was under medical supervision for 4 hours.

Healing period

The recovery time of the patient after surgery depends on the method chosen. A short period of tissue healing (2-3 weeks) when using a laser or radio wave method. When carrying out manipulations with a scalpel, the postoperative period lasts longer. At this time, patients should exclude:

bathing (only use a shower);
physical activity (sports, weight lifting more than 3 kg);
use of tampons, suppositories;
sexual contacts;
douching;
taking anticoagulants (Aspirin).

How does the eschar come off after conization of the cervix in a patient? Patients should not be disturbed in the postoperative period by the pulling pains in the lower abdomen, reminiscent of the sensations during menstruation. Moderate discharge after conization of the cervix of a brown color is also considered the norm. Such manifestations indicate natural processes- discharge and removal from the body of the scab.

Treatment after conization of the cervix

In order to avoid complications in the postoperative period, patients are recommended a course of treatment with antibiotics, drugs to strengthen the immune system, a complex of vitamins. After two weeks, the doctor examines the patient and sets the date for the smear to be taken. cytological examination. After the operation, a regular examination for 5 years is recommended.

Complications

You need to see a doctor if you have anxiety symptoms: intense pain in the lumbar region, itching, the appearance of an unpleasant smell of discharge, loss of appetite, fever. Such manifestations in the postoperative period indicate the addition of an infection and the need for therapy. If bleeding occurs, patients are stitched or cauterized.

Effects

Predominantly, the use of a laser eliminates negative effects in the postoperative period. Rarely, undesirable consequences are observed when using the radio wave method (endometriosis, bleeding, infection). The use of the knife method is associated with the risk of rebleeding for 14 days after surgery.

Menstruation after conization of the cervix

Menstruation after the operation occurs at the usual time. Periods may vary copious secretions, inclusion of blood clots, longer duration. Sometimes before the onset of menstruation are observed brown discharge. Such manifestations are considered the norm in the postoperative period. Long (more than two weeks) periods should cause concern.

The uterus of a woman is quite often exposed to influences of a very different nature. As a result of this, certain lesions may occur: deformities, ectropion, ruptures after childbirth, benign diseases, cervical dysplasia.

Cervical conization is used to diagnose and treat these lesions.

Features of the procedure

This is a procedure in which a cone-shaped fragment is removed from the cervix. After that, he is sent for histological examination.

There are contraindications for conization of the cervix:

diseases of the female reproductive system, having an inflammatory or infectious nature,
invasive cervical cancer, which is confirmed by the results of histological examination.

Methods of carrying out

Conization of the cervix is carried out in several ways:

with a knife using a scalpel, today it is practically not used due to a large number complications
laser - the most expensive method, inferior to the loop in terms of capabilities,
loop - involves the use of the apparatus radio wave surgery, is the most common.

Conization of the cervix is carried out in the first days of the menstrual cycle. At this time, you can be sure that the patient is not pregnant, moreover, in this case, there is enough time for partial healing of the wound.

Effects

After performing conization of the cervix, various complications can occur:

vaginal bleeding,
infection,
narrowing of the cervical canal or external os, which in the future can cause infertility,
during pregnancy - isthmic-cervical insufficiency,
prolonged bleeding,
premature birth.

To avoid negative consequences, in the period after conization of the uterine neck, several rules should be observed:

exclude intimacy for one month,
avoid lifting heavy
limit exercise,
it is not recommended to take baths, go to the sauna, douching,
do not use tampons
do not take medications that can cause bleeding.

After conization of the cervix, some phenomena may be observed that are considered normal:

spotting for ten days,
plentiful brown discharge with an unpleasant odor for three weeks,
pain in the lower abdomen,
heavy menstruation in the first months after conization of the cervix.

After conization of the cervix, as a rule, a cytological analysis and colposcopy are performed. It is recommended to do this every year. The healing process may take several months. In the future, you need to monitor your condition and regularly visit a gynecologist.

When planning a pregnancy after conization of the cervix, you need to take into account some features. Since a scar forms on the cervix, it may not withstand the load, as a result of which there is a threat of premature birth. If the doctor sees this, a suture is placed on the cervix, which prevents premature opening of the uterus. They remove it before childbirth, which is carried out with the help of caesarean section. This is associated with the risk of reducing the elasticity of the uterine surface, which leads to dilation difficulties. During the entire period of pregnancy, you should constantly be under the supervision of a doctor.

Conization of the cervix, which was performed several times in a row, can provoke miscarriages on early dates, the inability to conceive a child. However, to combat diseases that can turn into a cancerous tumor, as a rule, one procedure is enough.

Dangerous Complications

You should immediately consult a doctor in the following cases:

bleeding is more abundant than normal menstruation,
copious discharge or many clots,
severe pain in the lower abdomen,
elevated body temperature,
discharge with an unpleasant odor lasts more than three weeks after the procedure.

Good evening Anna. I will answer your questions in order.
1) Consequences of conization. In the postoperative period: pulling pains in the lower abdomen, brown vaginal discharge, heavy and longer menstruation in the future. Full recovery tissues after removal of part of the cervix is observed after four months, after which it should be without fail visit your doctor and have a colposcopy. Only after such an examination, the doctor can say with certainty whether the conization has brought a positive result in the treatment. Long-term effects of conization, as a rule, do not pose a danger to the body in the future. It is possible to develop endometriosis. Conization of the cervix, which was carried out several times in a row, can cause premature pregnancy, early miscarriages, and the inability to conceive a child. Any surgical intervention on the cervix can cause the cervix to dilate during pregnancy, starting from 16-18 weeks, when the cervix opens prematurely under the weight of the fetus.
2) Is conization an extreme measure. Conization is becoming a mandatory treatment for those women in whom, during a cytological examination, changes were found in the cells of the cervix, indicating a high risk of cervical cancer, and it is clear that simple cauterization of erosion in this case may not be enough. Of the modern and sparing methods of surgical treatment, a laser or a radio knife is used. It is preferable to use a laser, since radio wave conization (in rare cases) can become an obstacle to conception and the birth of a child, since adhesions and sutures can form in the cervical region after it. Research and development is active in Europe alternative method conization - a method of treating the affected area using trichloroacetic acid, but safety and effectiveness are still in question.
3)Folk remedies. Don't try to self-medicate. Folk remedies - tampons with honey or sea buckthorn oil, douching - all these methods are not only not effective, but also dangerous, as they can provoke vaginal dysbacteriosis and inflammation.
4) Postponement of pregnancy planning. After conization, one cannot usually live sexually for about a month. After treatment, it is not recommended to become pregnant for about a year, then - if there is no relapse - they are usually allowed.
5) Caesarean section can not be avoided? The method of delivery is decided in each case individually. The possibility of natural childbirth directly depends on the size of the scar formed on the cervix. Due to the resulting scar, the cervix may open prematurely. To all women who have undergone surgical treatment, it is strongly recommended to be under the close supervision of a doctor during the entire pregnancy. If the doctor notices a threat of miscarriage, he will stitch the cervix, which will prevent its early opening. In due time, the seam will be removed, then the woman will be able to give birth full-fledged baby on their own.
Hope I answered all your questions. Good health to you, speedy recovery.

The method got its name because during the operation a small area of cone-shaped mucous is removed from the cervical epithelium of the uterus.
Today, conization is a common treatment and examination option. It is used both in large centers and small gynecological hospitals. The popularity is explained by the ability to remove the pathological site and examine it. Healing after conization proceeds quickly. It rarely gets worse. The intervention is painless or painless. Some of the pathologies can be cured with medication. But it takes a long time and is not always effective. Histological examination of a piece of tissue removed during conization is the most informative in the diagnosis of oncological changes.

Indications for surgery

Conization of the cervix is used in the diagnosis of oncological pathologies and for therapeutic purposes. It also helps to choose optimal treatment, if required. Conization is recommended for:

the presence of atypical cells in the cytological analysis;
pathological changes in the cervical epithelium (pseudo-erosion, erosion, cysts, polyps);
ectropiones of the uterus;
deformation of the cervix, formed in postpartum period after severe traumatic childbirth;
with diagnosed dysplasia of the cervical epithelium II-III degree with histological confirmation.

Conization of the cervix for grade 3 dysplasia is the method of choice. It will allow you to remove the pathological area, give the most reliable answer about the presence or absence of a tumor.

Cervical conization is effective method. After a single operation, re-detected atypical cells rarely. However, reconization of the cervix does occur.

Contraindications

Conization is not performed in the case of a diagnosed invasive form of cervical cancer. It is also contraindicated in the presence of venereal, various infectious pathologies of the genital organs. Surgery is postponed both during execution and during exacerbation chronic pathologies organism. In the presence of infectious or inflammatory gynecological pathologies need to postpone the operation. Then take a course of treatment infectious pathology or inflammation of the female reproductive organs.

As a rule, the course of treatment consists of antibiotics, anti-inflammatory therapy corresponding to the sensitivity.
We recommend watching a video on how conization is done with a scalpel and a laser:

Preparing for the operation

The preliminary examination consists in a complex of laboratory and instrumental studies:

general blood test and biochemical;
analysis for viral hepatitis, HIV;
smear on the state of microflora;
colposcopy

What is conization

If conization of the cervix is planned, how is the operation performed?

The procedure consists in the removal of a pathologically altered area of the inner epithelial layer of the cervix. The wide side of the cone faces the vagina. It should capture the entire pathological epithelium. narrow part it faces the cervical canal.

Conization is carried out in the first few days after the end of menstruation. Thus, by the beginning of the next menstruation, the site of the operation will already heal.

The operation is performed, as a rule, in a small operating room, in a conventional gynecological chair. Conization is not a complicated operation. Usually carried out under local anesthesia. Sometimes it is supplemented with medical sedation. But this is quite rare. The uterus has no pain endings, and the cervical tissue is anesthetized by a doctor locally. After the operation, hospitalization is practically not carried out. According to the decision of the doctor, the patient after the operation can remain under observation for several hours or a day.

Conization techniques

There are several methods of conization.

Previously, loop electroconization and knife methods were popular. A simple method with a scalpel or "knife" is fraught with bleeding and perforation of the neck, more traumatic. Not applicable today.

radio wave conization

Radioconization is an effective method. The dissected tissues are simultaneously coagulated. This prevents bleeding. The technique ensures the accuracy of the impact. She is not sick.
In the postoperative period after radio wave conization, infection is rare. Healing is fast. Pain is minimal.

Laser conization

This method is relatively expensive. The high price is explained by the necessary expensive equipment. In addition, staff must undergo additional training. As a result, the technique can only be used in large centers.

A piece of tissue is removed with a laser. The procedure is practically painless. Its low-traumatic nature allows you to accurately examine and describe the remote area due to its minimal damage.

Loop electroexcision is the most recent of modern techniques. The cone-shaped area is excised with a wire loop. In this variant, tissue damage is minimal. The removed area is damaged little. Which is very valuable for subsequent histological examination.
The postoperative period proceeds well. Bleeding is almost non-existent. The pains are either of low intensity and are not prolonged, or are absent.

Postoperative period

Conization of the cervix, how is the healing going?
This question worries no less than the question of the operation itself. After conization of the cervix is performed, the postoperative period in different patients may vary slightly. It depends on the condition of the neck, the size of the removed element, and the features of the operation. As a rule, postoperative pain is similar to accompanying menstruation. The same pull. But longer.

The discharge is bloody, watery in any case. Their volume can be significant. If it exceeds the typical monthly volume, then you should consult your doctor. Many note the termination after 2 weeks, on average. However, up to 4 weeks is possible. Complete healing occurs after 4 months. But all postoperative manifestations disappear within a month. Darkish, even somewhat brownish, or watery pink discharge normal after conization of the cervix.

After about a week, the scab leaves the wound. The amount of discharge may increase slightly. Some patients note that they definitely felt how the scab leaves after conization of the cervix. An increase in secretions and their darkening, characteristic of the discharge of a scab, may not be pronounced.

Menstruation after conization of the cervix, as a rule, occurs on time. However, they are more abundant. In the next, their volume is normalized.

For pain relief, anti-inflammatory non-steroidal drugs are enough.

Controversial remains the recommendation about how long you can not sit after conization of the cervix. Sometimes it is recommended to refrain from sitting position in a week. Or do not make such a restriction. It depends on the volume of the operation itself, on the opinion of a particular doctor.

Excluded for a month taking a hot shower, visiting saunas, baths, sex. Sports activities must be cancelled. You can not lift weights more than 3 kg.

Pregnancy in those who underwent conization

There are different opinions on whether it is possible to become pregnant after conization of the cervix. The opinion that it is impossible to get pregnant is completely wrong. It is only desirable to postpone pregnancy after conization of the cervix for a year, and preferably for a couple of years. Conization has absolutely no effect on the process of conception. The possibility of conception is reduced due to the narrowness of the cervical canal. But the pathologically altered non-removed tissue could narrow the canal more.

Information about conization in the anamnesis must be indicated in medical documents women in labor. There remains the risk of preterm birth due to the danger that the cervix will not withstand the load of the pregnant uterus. If the gynecologist suspects such a risk, then he can suture the neck. It is removed before childbirth. Sometimes delivery by caesarean section is recommended. This avoids violation of the opening of the cervix due to a decrease in elasticity.
Such women during pregnancy are under the constant supervision of gynecologists.

Complications

Bleeding occurs no more than 2% of conizations.
In rare cases, but infection of the postoperative wound is not excluded.
Possible cicatricial narrowing cervical canal, stenosis.
Cases of ismico-cervical insufficiency are described. When miscarriage occurs due to insufficiency of the obturator function of the cervix.