With inflammation of the liver, what can you eat. Therapeutic diet for liver diseases. How should a daily ration of a diet for liver diseases be built?

Diet for liver disease is one of the most effective treatments. Adhering to the recommended diet can significantly reduce the frequency and severity of symptoms of the disease. In some cases, it is possible to completely get rid of the disease only with the help of dietary restrictions. Without following a special diet, therapy will be ineffective. Those suffering from liver diseases are mistaken when they think that the disease can be cured only with pills. They need to forget about harmful products and strongly exclude them from your daily menu for the duration of treatment. It is advisable to abandon them after recovery or reduce their use to a minimum.

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The goals of clinical nutrition

The liver is the main filter human body. It cleanses the entire volume of blood 400 times a day. The body neutralizes and removes toxins, toxins, bacteria, viruses, preservatives, dyes, particles contained in smog, and others. harmful substances entering the human body every day.

The glandular organ is involved in more than 500 biochemical processes and supports the body's immune response. Without it, the digestive process is impossible. The health of all other organs depends on the smooth functioning of the liver. When it ceases to perform its functions, poisonous products and pathogenic microorganisms freely penetrate into all parts of the body, causing disruption of the functioning of systems and organs. Functional liver failure can aggravate the course of chronic pathological process in other tissues.

With inflammation and other pathologies of the liver, compensatory reactions occur in it. They are aimed at limiting and completely eliminating negative changes. At the same time, the detoxification properties of the organ are activated. The liver has the ability to completely restore the affected tissues.

Therapeutic nutrition for liver disease is aimed at activating metabolism, improving the functioning of the bile ducts, reducing the load on the organ and restoring its tissues. First of all, dishes that make the body work in an enhanced mode are excluded from the diet. The basis of dietary nutrition should be products that increase the production and secretion of bile into the duodenum, unload and cleanse the liver.





Inflammation of the liver

Diet Basics

The patient's menu includes enough protein corresponding to the physiological norm (about 80-100 g per day). Most of protein food (60%) should be of animal origin. This element helps the body to quickly restore damaged tissues.

An increased amount of protein (up to 130 g) may be necessary to stop the development of liver cirrhosis due to unbalanced diet and alcohol abuse. With the development of decompensated cirrhosis, the amount of protein consumed is reduced to 20-30 g per day. In the absence of positive dynamics in the treatment of the disease, protein foods can be completely excluded.

The amount of heavy fatty foods of animal origin should be kept to a minimum. The liver has the ability to store food extra fat. The cholesterol, triglycerides and lipoproteins they contain destroy liver cells and cause inflammation. When using fats of animal origin, an exacerbation of the disease may occur.



Fat must be supplied to the body plant origin and milk fats. Allowed to consume up to 90 g of fat per day. The quality and quantity of fat-containing products is determined depending on the condition of the patient and the severity of his disease. If he has nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and pronounced jaundice, the amount of fat is reduced to 30 g per day or completely eliminated.

Excluded foods that cause increased production gastric juice, and containing purines and oxalic acid.

If it is necessary to increase bile formation, more dishes with a choleretic effect are added to the menu. This diet is recommended for people suffering from fatty hepatosis liver. It helps to remove the maximum amount of cholesterol. At inflammatory diseases glandular organ choleretic products include in the diet with caution.

Enhance the excretion of cholesterol and cleanse the liver of plant products rich in dietary fiber.





diet for hepatitis c

Cooking Methods

To reduce the burden on digestive system, use several types of cooking: stewing, baking, boiling or steaming. They cause minimal irritation of the membranes of the digestive organs.



Dishes and drinks are served to the patient only in the form of heat. The optimum temperature of the products is 35-40ºС. Food heated to the average temperature of the human body has the most gentle effect on the digestive system. At this temperature, dishes improve their taste.

To facilitate the digestion process as much as possible, cooked foods are ground to a puree state with a blender, passed through a meat grinder or cut into small pieces.

Depending on the condition of the patient, food should have a liquid, semi-liquid or dense consistency.

Meals are divided into several (5-6) meals with an interval of 2-3 hours. Dinner should be 1.5-2 hours before bedtime. Frequent and fractional meals provide choleretic action and stimulates intestinal motility.





Cereal Dishes and Bread

Patients with liver disease can cook almost all types of cereals: oatmeal, buckwheat, rice, millet, corn, barley or wheat. But they should not be abused. Cereals containing gluten (wheat, semolina, oatmeal, rye and barley) should be consumed in small quantities. Gluten causes mucosal thinning small intestine and atrophy of its villi.



It is better to cook porridge for breakfast or lunch. Grain meals contain complex carbohydrates that take a long time to digest. They do not cause a sharp jump in insulin levels in the body.

Grain products contain a lot of healthy fiber. It irritates the intestinal walls and strengthens its contractions, forcing you to get rid of feces faster. If they do not come out in a timely manner, constipation forms. Toxins, already filtered by the liver, are absorbed from the stool masses that have been retained in the body through the walls of the intestine. They re-enter the bloodstream and return to the liver, putting additional stress on it.

Cooking porridge on the water. Cooking with milk is not recommended. Dairy products prevent intestinal absorption of magnesium contained in cereals. At the same time, phytic acid, which is rich in cereal crops, prevents the body from absorbing calcium, vitamin D and iron from milk.



You can include pasta, vermicelli, white and black bread in your daily diet. Baking and puff pastry are prohibited.

The benefits of vegetables

Tomatoes can only be eaten after the skin has been removed. It contains lectin, a substance dangerous for the liver, which destroys the cells of the organ. A similar effect is exerted by cucurbitacin, which is found in the green peel of cucumbers. Without the skin, these vegetables are very useful for people suffering from liver diseases. It is recommended to use freshly squeezed cucumber juice from time to time.



Patients who are diagnosed neoplastic diseases, be sure to add beets to the daily menu. It is rich in natural dye betaine, which has pronounced antitumor properties. Regular use beetroot dishes will help stop the spread of metastasis. Need to drink 1 or 2 times a week beetroot juice. It should not be consumed immediately after push-ups. It should stand in the refrigerator for 2-3 hours.

All types of cabbage can be eaten only after heat treatment. Fresh vegetables contain thiocyanates, which inhibit the activity of the thyroid gland. The hormones produced by the endocrine organ are necessary for the successful restoration of liver tissues. After heat treatment, thiocyanates are destroyed.

Cabbage should be added to the menu in moderation. This vegetable is a gas-producing product. An excessive amount of cabbage will cause the formation of a large amount of gases. They will burst the intestinal walls and greatly irritate them.

Be sure to include green vegetables (fresh or frozen) in your daily diet. They contain chlorophyll, which has antitoxic and anticarcinogenic properties. Green vegetables will take on some of the burden of cleansing the body and facilitate the work of the liver.



It is necessary to add to dishes not only the ground part of green vegetables, but also their root (celery, parsley, dill). But onions and garlic containing essential oils should not be eaten.

It is recommended to cook dishes from young asparagus beans and unripe green peas. Ripe vegetables are covered with a hard shell that is difficult to digest. They will put an additional burden on the patient's digestive organs.

Fruits and berries

Fruits (primarily acidic) contain a large number of organic acids that inhibit antioxidant processes in the body. And with liver diseases, on the contrary, they need to be accelerated. Antioxidants protect tissue cells from internal and external influences. They facilitate the work of the liver and help it recover faster.

At the same time, fruits are rich in pectins. These substances are natural sorbents. They cleanse the body and remove toxins from it, doing part of the work of the liver. Fruits should be consumed in moderation, giving preference to non-acidic types. You can not eat more than 1/5 of a watermelon, melon, pineapple or large grapefruit during the day.



Try not to eat fruit high content nitrates. They make the liver work harder. Fruits with a high amount of nitrates have an unnaturally bright color, thick skin and a flat surface. They have almost no smell and weigh less than a fruit of the same size and characteristics with an acceptable amount of nitrates. Before eating doubtful fruits, the peel should be removed from them.

One medium-sized fruit per day (apple, pear, tangerine or peach) is enough. Small fruits can be eaten 2-3 pieces per day (plums, apricots, cherries). Dried fruits (dried apricots, prunes or figs) are eaten in the same amount.

Regular consumption of dried apricots reduces the likelihood of developing liver cancer. The phenolic components present in the sweet product prevent the development of metabolic syndrome (insulin resistance) and lower cholesterol levels.

It is better to break the daily portion into several meals. It is advisable to eat fruits in the morning.



It is recommended to include 50 g of antioxidant-rich berries in the diet. You can use both fresh and frozen fruits. The record holder for the number of such elements is blueberries. Blueberry antioxidants are called anthocyanins. This berry helps stop the development of liver fibrosis (the replacement of liver cells with connective tissue fibers). Anthocyanins are also found in blackberries and dark grapes.

The use of eggs, mushrooms, seafood, meat and fish dishes

From the menu of the patient it is necessary to exclude meat containing refractory fats. These products include goose and duck meat, lamb and beef. Cooking should be from rabbit meat, chicken meat, turkey, veal, lean beef and pork. It is better to eat only white meat chicken. Fat and offal (heart, kidneys, liver, brains of animals and birds) must be discarded.

Before eating, the meat must be cleaned of bones, fat and tendons. Skins are removed from bird carcasses. If steam cutlets are prepared from meat, an egg should not be added to the minced meat. The glycoprotein avidin contained in the chicken egg prevents the intestinal absorption of iron and biotin from meat.



Since proteins are better absorbed at night, it is advisable to include meat products in dinner recipes.

You need to eat fish regularly. It is allowed to use any low-fat types. Due to the special benefits for the body of polyunsaturated fatty acids Omega-3 and Omega-6, you can eat 15 g of salmon in one day. Once a week it is allowed to eat 10 g of cod liver. Every day, the patient can consume 1 soft-boiled egg. It is allowed to cook an omelette for a couple of 2 eggs. It is included in the menu every other day.

Meat and fish meals you need to cook only from fresh products. It is strongly not recommended to use semi-finished products and products made from meat at industrial enterprises (sausages, sausages, smoked, salted and canned meat). They contain a large number of additives that adversely affect a diseased liver.

Patients suffering from liver disease should not eat meat and fish broths.

It is not allowed to cook mushrooms and mushroom broths. These foods are hard to digest and put additional strain on the digestive organs.

Sea kale (kelp) consists of 5% salts of alginic acid. This element is called a natural utilizer of harmful substances. Alginates bind various reactive compounds (salts heavy metals) and remove them from the body, making it easier for the liver.

Laminaria holds the record for iodine content. Regular consumption of this algae will saturate the body with iodine and prevent the development of thyroid pathologies. Iodine lowers cholesterol levels and reduces the risk of developing malignant tumors.



Allowed fats

With problems with the liver, a lack of fat can provoke an intensive production of cholesterol by the body (5-10 times higher than physiological norm). Therefore, a complete rejection of fatty foods is not recommended.

Be sure to regularly add vegetable oils to dishes. They improve the processes of bile formation and bile secretion by stimulating the production of the hormone cholecystokinin. The unsaturated fatty acids contained in them (linolenic, linoleic and arachidonic) activate the enzymes of lipolysis (the process of splitting cellular fats on fatty acids and glycerol), improve cholesterol metabolism.

On the day you need to consume 25-30 g of olive, corn, sunflower, cottonseed or soybean oil. Olives help to neutralize toxic substances.



It is advisable to buy a product of the first cold pressing and not expose it heat treatment. After heating the oil, 20-40% of polyunsaturated fatty acids are destroyed with the formation of toxic products of thermal oxidation of fats (ketones, aldehydes, acrolein). They render negative impact on the liver and gastric mucosa. Vegetable oils are added to ready meals. At least one meal with vegetable oil should be served to the patient for dinner. It will help induce bile flow and natural probing (cleansing) of the liver.

Do not use vegetable oil in solid form (margarine). During its manufacture, by-products are formed - trans fats. They have a negative impact on the entire body and provoke the development of various pathologies, including liver disease.

It is worth replacing sunflower oil with any other. During its manufacture, sunflower seeds are smoked. During smoking, the carcinogen benzopyrene is formed. Even a small amount of it has an extremely negative effect on the liver. Sunflower oil can be used only if there is confidence that smoking was not used in its manufacture.

Other sources of vegetable fats recommended for liver disease are nuts (cashews, almonds, hazelnuts, and walnuts). It is recommended to consume about 5 unroasted nuts per day. Vegetable fats contains avocado. You can eat no more than 15 g of avocado pulp per day, since the proportion of fat in the fruit exceeds 30%.



Dairy

Dairy products help alleviate the condition of patients suffering from various liver diseases (hepatitis, cirrhosis).

It is recommended to regularly consume fresh or dairy products. Dairy fats are needed in small quantities. Therefore, all products in this group should contain a small amount of fat. Completely fat-free foods should not be eaten. The optimal fat content is 1.5-2.5%.



A diet rich in dairy products will help improve the intestinal microflora and remove harmful substances from the body. These foods soak up toxins like a sponge and come out naturally with them.

Dairy products can be consumed as an independent dish or added to tea, coffee, cocoa, chicory drink. On the day the patient is given to drink 1 glass of kefir or natural yogurt. It is better to cook the latter yourself from milk with 1.5-2.5% fat content.

It is allowed to include cottage cheese with a fat content of 5%, as well as hard cheese (no more than 45% fat content) in the diet. The daily portion of cottage cheese should not exceed 125 g. It is allowed to eat 30 g of hard cheese during the day. You can add 10-15% fat sour cream to dishes (no more than 30 g per day).



Butter is not prohibited either. It is well absorbed and contains arachidonic acid, vitamins A and K. It is better to choose high-fat butter (82.5%). It can be eaten daily in an amount of not more than 10 g.

People suffering from liver diseases need to drink every day the amount of liquid that corresponds to their body weight (20-30 ml per 1 kg of weight). You need to drink less in winter (20 ml / 1 kg) and a little more - in summer (30 ml / 1 kg). Daily fluid intake includes liquid meals and drinks.



It is better to use filtered or bottled water. Purchased bottled water should be for daily use. Health drinks(Narzan, Essentuki) should be used only as directed by a doctor. Water of low mineralization has a bile secretory effect, and highly mineralized water has a choleretic effect.

Freshly squeezed juices are best diluted with a small amount of water (1:2). Turmeric, which is found in coffee, has a protective effect on the liver cells. It is advisable to drink this drink with milk.

It is allowed to drink tea, decoctions of wild rose and bran, as well as kissels, fruit drinks and compotes. Green and black tea protects and heals the liver due to the presence of antioxidants in it. Recommended teas with a decoction of mint. The medicinal plant will relax smooth muscles and relieve pain in the right hypochondrium.

Alcohol consumption is prohibited in any quantity. With the refusal of alcoholic beverages, it is possible full recovery organ.



Exacerbation of the disease

When it hurts in the right hypochondrium and at the same time there is a bursting sensation, the disease worsens. In this case, the doctor prescribes a strict diet No. 5a. The patient is prepared every 1.5-2 hours. Finished products are rubbed or crushed in a blender. You can grind the cereal in a coffee grinder to a powdery state and make porridge from it.



Consistency of dishes - semi-liquid or liquid. They are steamed or boiled. Baking food during an exacerbation of the disease is not recommended. It is necessary to strictly adhere to the recommended food temperature. Especially cold foods should be avoided.

Raw vegetables and fruits, as well as black bread, should not be given. Boiled vegetables must be included in the daily menu. For the period of exacerbation, a salt-free diet is prescribed. The use of sugar, honey and confectionery is not allowed.

With an exacerbation of the disease, the caloric content of the diet can reach 2500 kcal per day. Meat dishes are prepared from chicken or turkey fillet, rabbit meat or veal. You can eat only low-fat fish, non-acidic cottage cheese and mild hard cheeses. The soup is made with vegetable broth. It is served with lightly toasted white bread. Berry fruit drinks, dried fruit compotes, rosehip decoctions and teas are useful. Water should be drunk only non-carbonated.

If there is a positive trend, diet No. 5a is canceled after 4-6 weeks. Otherwise, the patient must continue to adhere to it.

In especially severe cases, the doctor prescribes fasting days. Then the diet consists only of rice, compote, cottage cheese, kefir, dairy products and fruits.



Approximate menu for diet number 5a

First breakfast

Rice porridge, mashed through a sieve, boiled in water (250 g). Soft-boiled egg. Green tea with a decoction of mint without sugar.

Lunch

1 glass of natural yogurt, blueberry jelly (150 ml).



First lunch

Puree soup with potatoes and cauliflower in vegetable broth (250 ml). Vegetables mashed through a sieve. A piece of dried white bread.

Second lunch

Boiled chicken fillet, chopped in a blender (150-200 g). It is served with buckwheat porridge boiled in water (200 g) and chopped boiled beets (100 g). Blueberry compote - 1 cup.

Cottage cheese (125 g) with chopped in a blender walnuts(2 pcs).



Dinner: boiled lean fish, crushed in a blender (200 g). It is served with boiled chopped zucchini (150 g). Chicory drink.

Before bed: 1 glass of milk.

recovery stage

If the disease does not progress or positive dynamics is observed, the doctor prescribes a less strict diet No. 5 to the patient.



The convalescent liver diet allows you to eat foods cut into small pieces. They can be baked and stewed. It is allowed to eat some black bread. Return to diet raw vegetables and fruits, sugar, salt and honey. Dishes are prepared unsalted. Salt is added only to ready meals (no more than 4-7 g per day).

You can make salads and season them with sour cream. Put butter in porridge. The menu includes seaweed and oily fish.

Sick with kidney failure daily give 50-100 g of lactose. Their livers have lost the ability to convert ammonia into urea. Lactose helps to cope with this condition. Feed the patient every 2 hours. Meat and fish dishes are completely excluded from his diet.



Approximate menu for diet No. 5a during recovery

First breakfast

heavily boiled buckwheat, boiled on water (250 g). 10 g butter. Steamed omelet with 2 eggs. Coffee with milk and sugar.



Lunch

Fruit salad of pears and apples (150 g) with nuts (5 crushed hazelnuts).

Steam cutlets from lean beef (150-200 g). They are served with pasta (200 g) and a salad of cucumbers and peeled tomatoes (100 g). Dried fruit compote - 1 cup.

Cherry jelly (200 ml), a slice of rye bread, 2 plums.

Dinner: 15 g of baked salmon. It is served with boiled rice porridge (150 g). Cocoa with milk. Olive oil is added to the porridge.

Before going to bed: 150 g of cottage cheese with sour cream (30 g).



cucumber and tomato salad recipe

Ingredients: 1 tomato, 1 cucumber, lettuce, dill, lemon juice and olive oil.

Vegetables are washed, tomatoes and cucumbers are peeled. The fruits are cut into cubes, the greens are chopped, and the salad is torn into pieces. The products are put in a salad bowl and a little olive oil is added to it and lemon juice. After that, the salad is mixed and served on the table.

The diet is made depending on the type of liver pathology, the individual characteristics of the body. For example, such a diet is prescribed: in the morning on an empty stomach, a tablespoon of vodka with two tablespoons of cold-pressed olive oil, and after half an hour it is eaten oatmeal with flax seed (boiled in water without salt). Before dinner (10 minutes) a glass of water with half a lemon is drunk. This kind of cleansing helps to improve the outflow of bile, to improve the functioning of the liver. However, this diet for liver disease may be contraindicated if there is hyperacidity gastric juice. That is why you can not self-medicate, relying on the advice of traditional medicine.

The diet is selected for each specific pathology together with the main treatment regimen, however, there are general nutritional rules:

• meat / fish - without fat, preferably cooked in a double boiler;
• milk and dairy products - cottage cheese with a small percentage of fat is allowed without restrictions, cream and sour cream are removed from the diet. Ryazhenka is undesirable, as well as sharp, processed cheeses;
• bakery products - from coarse varieties of flour, it is better to gnaw crackers or stale crusts. About pastries, pastries, cakes, pastries should be forgotten for a while;
• first courses - vegetable soups with cereals. Vegetarian borscht is possible (without bacon, frying, etc.). Meat and mushroom broths should not be cooked;
• vegetables / greens - allowed, except for tomatoes, radishes and radishes. You can not onions, sorrel, spinach and garlic;
• eggs - only boiled proteins or scrambled eggs from them. A whole egg is allowed, but no more than two per week.

The list of products must be adjusted with the attending physician and remember that diet is an integral part of effective therapy.

Diet 5 for liver disease

Diet number 5 is assigned:

• when recovering after acute stages cholecystitis and hepatitis;
• in rehabilitation period after cirrhosis without liver failure;
• to normalize the functioning of the liver, with the exception of acute form cholelithiasis, acute conditions as a result chronic hepatitis and cholecystitis.

Dishes/Products	Allowed	Forbidden
meat/poultry	boiled (can be baked) and lean meat of beef, veal, rabbit, lamb, chicken and turkey without skin; when cooking cutlets, use up to 2 egg whites	meat with a fatty layer, including goose, duck; exclude semi-finished products and by-products
	preference is given to low-fat sea, river, boiled / steamed, with the permission of the attending doctor, you can stew or bake in foil	smoked meats, salted and fatty fish, canned food, caviar
	maximum one yolk per day; it is preferable to cook an omelette based on proteins or a soft-boiled egg	scrambled eggs, boiled
first meal	vegetable or cereal soup, most vegetarian, mashed and dairy soups, as well as cold fruit	first courses on broths from meat, fish, mushrooms; okroshka, green borscht
	from fresh, boiled vegetables seasoned with vegetable oil; based on seafood, boiled fish/meat	with spicy, spicy, fatty dressing
	stale bakery products, crackers; preference is given to products made from wholemeal flour	pastries, puffs, fried pies
cereals/pasta	oatmeal, buckwheat, brown rice; pasta durum varieties	porridge with lard, fried
dairy products	fat-free / low-fat - milk, kefir, yogurt, sour cream, cottage cheese (casseroles, cheesecakes, puddings, etc.); low-fat, non-spicy cheeses	fatty foods (more than 6%)
vegetables/fruits/berries	raw, baked, boiled; snacks with dill, parsley; dried fruits, excluding sour	sorrel, radish, radish, green onion, garlic, spinach, legumes, mushrooms, pickled vegetables/fruits should be avoided
	limit the consumption of honey, sugar (it is better to use sweeteners), low-fat cottage cheese and berry desserts, jelly, mousse, compote	chocolate products, fatty desserts, ice cream, pancakes, pies, pastries, cakes
sauces/condiments	based on low-fat sour cream, milk, vegetable; cinnamon, vanilla	horseradish, mustard, pepper
	olive, linseed and other vegetable origin, butter in limited quantities	lard, lard, melted butter
	green, white, herbal, weak black tea, coffee, you can add milk to taste; juices from vegetables and fruits, rosehip broth	soda, cocoa, natural coffee

In the stage of exacerbation of liver problems, gallbladder, especially against the background of pancreatitis / gastritis, food should be wiped, cooked in a double boiler or boiled. For the period of the diet, raw vegetables / fruits and black breads are prohibited.

In case of gallstone problems, sweets are completely excluded, and food is cooked in a double boiler, boiled or an oven and foil are used (meat should be baked after boiling). Diet for liver disease this case requires monitoring the temperature of the food taken, which should not exceed 60 o C and be less than 15 o C.

Diet for liver diseases: recipes for every day

Dietary nutrition of a patient with various liver pathologies is necessary for:

• reducing the load on the diseased organ;
• removal of toxic and harmful elements contained in the liver;
• optimization of bile secretion and normalization of the functioning of the bile ducts.

Depending on the type of pathology, the method of food processing is chosen, sometimes the only one. possible method remains cooking by means of a double boiler. The basis of the diet is: fresh fruits and vegetables, cereals, vegetarian soups, borscht, and soups with milk.

Despite strict prohibitions and restrictions, the diet of a patient with liver pathology is balanced and complete. Diet for liver diseases recipes:

• puree soup with pumpkin and oatmeal - peeled pumpkin (100 gr.) is cut into small cubes and poured with cold water, cook until half cooked. Transfer the pumpkin to a deep frying pan and simmer under the lid with butter (1/2 tsp), add oatmeal (2 tbsp) and pour in a little pumpkin broth. Cook, stirring constantly, then put the mixture of oatmeal and pumpkin into a blender and chop. Add pumpkin broth, if allowed - sugar to taste and half a teaspoon of butter. Pumpkin can be replaced with zucchini;
• steam beef cutlets - soak stale white bread (25 gr.) With milk or water. Clean beef (125 gr.) from tendons and fat. Minced meat with bread is made using a meat grinder / blender. Add salt and, if necessary, water. Formed cutlets are steamed for about 20 minutes. Before eating, water with vegetable or melted butter;
• egg white biscuit - six egg whites are beaten with 1/3 cup sugar (the amount of granulated sugar can be reduced). A glass of crushed white crackers is carefully introduced into the egg foam. Pour half of the mixture into a baking dish greased with butter. On top of the dough put 1-2 tbsp. spoons of poppy seeds and pour the remaining protein mixture. Bake in the oven for about half an hour at a temperature of 180 С. The cooled biscuit is removed from the mold;
• carrot-beetroot steam salad - steam beets and carrots, cut or grate on a coarse grater. Season with salt to taste and add vegetable oil.

Most familiar dishes can be adapted to diet food, following medical recommendations and refraining from prohibited foods.

Diet for liver disease: a menu for everyone

The duration of diet therapy is negotiated on an individual basis. Some patients follow the diet for several years, and in some cases, fatty and fried foods must be avoided forever.

Diet for liver disease menu:

• recommended breakfast - low-fat cottage cheese with sour cream, cottage cheese pudding, oatmeal, tea (you can with milk);
• the second meal is meat boiled in water or steamed, oatmeal, a slice of bread and juice; sometimes one baked apple is enough;
• lunch - vegetarian soup with vegetable oil, chicken or beef with rice, stewed zucchini, dried fruit compote or apple jelly;
• the second dinner is rose hips in the form of a decoction;
• for the evening - mashed potatoes with steamed / boiled fish, cottage cheese casserole, tea with lemon / milk;
• for the coming dream - 200 ml of kefir.

The daily amount of bread (preferably yesterday's from wholemeal flour, crackers) - no more than 200 grams, sugar - up to 70 grams.

Therapeutic diet for liver disease

Diseases of the liver and gallbladder develop due to excessive alcohol consumption, as a result of acute infectious conditions, with inadequate and illiterate nutrition, due to genetic pathologies and metabolic problems.

Therapeutic diet in diseases of the liver and bile ducts depends on the stage of the disease and the patient's condition. Diet therapy includes general recommendations:

• the diet should be enriched with the required amount of easily digestible protein;
• the rate of carbohydrates is selected based on body weight (excess weight is a reason to reduce the amount of carbohydrates);
• the amount of fat intake is calculated individually. Under some conditions, they achieve choleretic effect. In order to avoid constipation, it is recommended to increase the consumption of vegetable oils;
• preference is given to pureed and chopped products, boiled in water or steamed;
• the basis of nutrition is dietary fiber;
• it is important to monitor the multivitamin sufficiency of the patient's body;
• frequent meals in small portions favorably affects the assimilation and digestion of food.

A diet for liver disease involves the exclusion of excessively hot or cold foods. Ice cream, ice water, and so on can provoke spasm, pain, and even hepatic colic.

The liver is an active participant in almost all body processes. The level of neutralization of toxins directly depends on the work of this body. Many patients ask what can be eaten if the liver hurts, and what can not? In order to ensure the performance of the body, patients are recommended a special diet.

Most often, patients experience:

• Alcoholic and chronic
• Metastases
• Necrosis
• Cyst
• Cirrhosis
• lamblia
• fibrosis

Diseases are treated with surgery or medical method. Regardless of this, the patient is prescribed to facilitate the treatment process.

We invite you to learn about the diet for liver restoration from the proposed video.

Diet for liver disease

If the patient has any liver disease, then he is assigned a fractional diet. Food is taken in small quantities. The patient eats food 4 to 6 times a day. The food is consumed warm.

Dishes are prepared by boiling, steaming or baking in the oven. During the preparation of fish and fat is not used. With liver diseases, the diet is not limited.

During this period, the patient is preparing different dishes using certain products. To provide excellent taste to dishes, use greens, sauces from tomatoes and sour cream, juice.

In order for the taste of meat to be rich and pleasant, it is baked in apple puree. During cooking, honey is added. used for making lazy dumplings, cheesecakes, casseroles, desserts. Vegetables and herbs are used to prepare a variety of salads, which are seasoned with butter.

When using this diet, the impossibility of the influence of products on the working capacity of the liver is ensured. You can use the diet not only with the appearance of liver diseases, but also for their prevention.

Prohibited Products

If the liver fails, patients stop eating fatty meat, lard, and fish. In this case, they refuse poor-quality and expired food. To get rid of the signs of the disease, you should not eat smoked, pickled, canned food.

Pain in the liver can be observed with prolonged use of alcoholic beverages. Alcohol has a negative effect on liver cells, destroying them. As a result, the purification process deteriorates.

Patients are prohibited from taking alcoholic beverages in the presence of pain in the region of the liver. The best option with pain is the exclusion of alcohol from life, which negatively affects the process.

For cirrhosis, patients are prescribed folic acid, groups B, A, cocarboxylase. Treatment of a liver cyst or hemangioma is performed depending on the location of the tumor. In these cases, surgery may be used. Regardless of the methods of treatment, the patient is forbidden to eat certain foods, which greatly speeds up this process.

It is strictly forbidden to self-medicate for liver diseases, otherwise it may negatively affect the functioning of the body.

Every year, the number of people who suffer from liver-related diseases is increasing. The causes of the disease can be caused various factors. Among them are poor heredity, infection, the consequences of taking antibiotics, eating disorders and others. It is very important to comply special diet in liver diseases to promote speedy recovery organism.

Diet for liver diseases: principles of adherence to therapeutic nutrition

It is very important to follow a healthy diet for liver problems in order to restore the state of the organ, normalize metabolism and the process of bile formation. It must be understood that no pharmacy drug will give such an effect as a diet. By normalizing your diet, a person will feel better. general condition, forget about pulling and aching pains in the abdomen.

Principles of diet for liver diseases

1. Protein must be present in the diet. The main thing is that they are easy to digest.

2. As for fats, daily rate determined based on the patient's condition by the attending physician. Most often, their consumption is reduced to a minimum.

3. Carbohydrates a person should consume no more than the prescribed daily allowance, an excessive amount will lead to disruption of the liver.

4. It is very important to approach cooking correctly. It should be well cooked, finely chopped, so that the stomach can process it as easily as possible. It is allowed to eat boiled, stewed and baked dishes, fried foods are completely excluded.

6. To ensure the most effective removal of cholesterol from the body, it is recommended to introduce foods that contain fiber into the diet.

Following these principles will help a person organize his daily diet in such a way as not to overload the liver and avoid complications. If you have additional questions, be sure to consult with your doctor so that he develops individual plan nutrition.

Allowed foods for a diet for liver diseases

Modern medicine has expanded the list of products that are allowed to be consumed by a person with liver diseases. The main thing is, in order to avoid complications, do not overload your body and try to exclude proteins from the diet for the duration of the diet.

The diet for liver diseases includes elements such as:

Proteins (easily digestible);

Carbohydrates;

Minerals;

Vitamins.

List of Approved Foods for Patients

1. Bread, but not fresh. It is better that it be slightly stale or dried in the oven.

2. Useful sour-milk and dairy products. it can be milk, kefir, low-fat cottage cheese, curdled milk and fermented baked milk.

4. Eggs are allowed in the form of an omelette. You can eat not only chicken, but also quail.

5. Sea and river fish.

6. Greens, seasonal vegetables and fruits (except pears).

The use of sugar is undesirable, it can be replaced with honey, but do not overdo it with the amount.

Cooked meals for a diet for liver diseases will be useful to fill with pumpkin, corn, olive or linseed oil.

Despite dietary restrictions, nutritionists allow patients to occasionally enjoy sweets such as:

oatmeal cookies;

Paste;

Homemade jelly cooked from fresh berries;

Weak black tea;

Compote from seasonal berries or dried fruits;

Pure drinking water;

Freshly squeezed vegetable juices.

We must not forget about plentiful drink- this is important for every person who wants to improve their body and remove toxins and slags from it. The daily norm is 1.5 liters pure water. In the morning black tea with honey is allowed, before going to bed - kefir.

Prohibited foods for a diet for liver diseases

In case of liver problems, the patient must carefully monitor his diet. All dishes that can provoke an exacerbation of the disease are excluded. It is for this reason that the list of taboos includes too spicy, fried and smoked foods.

Medical nutrition also excludes the following foods:

Too fatty meats - lamb or pork;

Mushrooms in any form;

Goose or duck meat;

Meat and mushroom broth;

Fat varieties cheese;

Eggs in boiled and fried form;

cooking oil, margarine and butter;

Any meat and fish canned food;

Seasonings (mustard, vinegar);

Garlic, onion and green onion, radish, sorrel;

Rye bread and fresh pastries

Chocolate and chocolate candies;

Confectionery covered with fat cream;

Any drinks that contain coffee;

Carbonated drinks, cocoa and too acidic juices;

Nuts (any).

In no case should you eat too cold or hot dishes. They can provoke pain in the liver, colic or spasm.

Also, do not forget about milk soups and occasionally cook them for yourself. Such a dish is considered very light, gives a person a feeling of satiety for a long time and does not burden the liver.

Diet for liver disease listed products for the reason that they are too heavy for the body and poorly absorbed.

Sample treatment menu for patients

The duration of diet therapy is prescribed by the attending physician based on the individual characteristics of the course of the patient's illness. Some have to watch their diet for 2-3 years, others forever refuse fried foods.

1. Morning. 150 grams of cottage cheese with sour cream (low fat) is allowed, you can cook pudding for yourself. From drinks - tea with a small amount of milk.

2. First snack. Oatmeal or a boiled piece of chicken fillet. If you don’t feel like eating, you can eat only one baked apple with honey.

3. Lunch. Soup in vegetable broth (vegetarian), stewed zucchini and 150 grams of rice. From drinks - a glass of dried fruit compote.

4. Second snack. It is better not to overload the stomach and limit yourself to rosehip decoctions (not very strong and without sweeteners).

5. Dinner. Mashed potatoes and a piece of boiled fish fillet. From drinks - weak black tea with a slice of lemon.

6. Before going to bed, the feeling of hunger cannot be tolerated. To satisfy it, it is allowed to drink a glass of low-fat kefir.

Maximum daily rate bread is no more than 200 grams. It is important to remember that fresh product can not be used, it needs to be dried a little. Also, no more than 70 grams of sugar or honey is allowed during the day.

Interesting recipes for a diet for liver diseases

1. Pumpkin puree soup

Pumpkin (150 grams) is peeled, cut into small cubes. It must be boiled until half cooked. After that, the product is transferred to the pan, 1 teaspoon of butter is added there. The dish languishes under the lid for 15 minutes, then 2 spoons are poured there oatmeal. The broth left from the pumpkin is also poured into the pan to form a liquid consistency. The dish languishes for about 10 minutes, then it is crushed in a blender and drained into a saucepan.

2. Steamed beef cutlets

You must first soak 30 grams of stale white bread in milk. When it softens, it is added to fresh ground beef. Everything is mixed until a homogeneous consistency is formed, pepper and salt are added to taste. Now it's up to the small thing - to form cutlets and steam them.

3. Steamed beet and carrot salad

Carrots and beets are steamed for 25 minutes. After that, the ingredients are rubbed on a coarse grater, transferred to a convenient container. Spices (salt and pepper) are added to taste. The salad is dressed with fresh finely chopped greens and olive oil.

A diet for liver diseases gives a person a lot of room for imagination in cooking. Using the basic medical recommendations and lists of allowed and prohibited foods, you can enjoy delicious, and most importantly, healthy and light food every day. This will become a habit over time. A person will be able to improve his body and get rid of excess weight (if he was).

The liver in the human body performs an extremely important function - it cleanses it of toxins and toxins that are formed in the process of metabolism, or enter the body from the outside. With liver diseases, the organ ceases to fully perform its functions. Various pathologies, malnutrition, long-term treatment antibacterial drugs.

In order to establish the work of the body, it is necessary to observe the principles proper nutrition with liver disease. It is in this way that it is possible to restore the functioning of an organ in case of damage by a hepatovirus, with cirrhosis and other pathologies. The diet for liver disease has its own characteristics, and its success depends largely on the patient himself, on his desire to establish proper nutrition and facilitate the work of the body.

The basic principles of nutrition are as follows:

1. The basis of nutrition should be protein, both animal and vegetable in approximately equal proportions. The body needs to receive at least 150 grams of this substance per day.
2. Carbohydrates with normal weight are acceptable in the amount of 450 grams, and with excess weight, their volume must be reduced.
3. The amount of fatty foods is allowed by the doctor, setting its volume based on the characteristics of the course of the disease that affected the liver.
4. To reduce the functional load, food must be well cooked, chopped, steamed.
5. For pain in the liver, it is best to eat more fiber, make portions small, but high in calories.
6. During the day, 4-5 meals are shown.
7. You need to eat only healthy foods, excluding fast foods, canned food, carbonated drinks.
8. Patients are not recommended to abuse salt and salty foods.
9. You need to drink at least two liters of water per day.

If you adhere to these principles of nutrition, you can significantly alleviate the course of the disease and quickly restore the liver during treatment with medications.

Benefits of water

Water plays an extremely important role in human life, and it is vital for the functioning of the liver. Water is the primary medium through which 80 percent of all chemical reactions human life activity. It is also important in the elimination of toxins, because it is with water that the bulk of the medicines that a person takes are excreted. Therefore, the work of the liver is directly related to water and dependent on it.

To help the liver recover, you need to use not ordinary table water bought at the supermarket, but specialized medicinal water. You can find it in a pharmacy. When the liver hurts, the doctor will definitely advise which water is suitable for drinking and treatment. Do not think that a bottle of medicinal water should be gone in one day - you can only drink three glasses of such medicinal water per day, and this is only half of the recommended daily allowance.

Despite the fact that medicinal waters differ in liver diseases, Essentuki can be considered universal, and in the absence of kidney pathologies, you can drink Narzan, Mirgorodskaya, Truskavetskaya, Slavyanovskaya.

It is very important that the waters are natural. Diet for the liver provides mineral water with iodine, fluorine, iron and bromine. Huge positive effect at hepatic pathology will have salts of magnesium, sodium, calcium.

Having learned about their pathology, patients have no idea what to eat with liver diseases, and how to organize nutrition in the future. People who suffer from liver pathologies can eat a limited list of foods. This is due to the fact that the liver does not perform its functions in full and it can cope with diseases only with the help of the host. The doctor recommends that patients consume stale bread, eat durum pasta and cereals. If the liver hurts, this does not mean that you need to completely abandon fats - they are allowed, but in limited quantities. The best thing in this regard will be low-fat meat (rabbit meat, chicken), and fats should be supplied to the body along with low-fat dairy products and fish (trout, cod, perch). This will be enough for the body to ensure vital activity. From dairy products they eat yogurt, kefir, fermented baked milk, low-fat sour cream, cottage cheese. Egg consumption is limited - 1-2 per week in the form of an omelet, as there is a risk of exacerbation of the disease.

If you cook the first courses, then the first broth must be drained, and a little cream or butter should be added to them. sunflower oil. It is best if the first courses are served on the table not hot, but room temperature. The same can be said about cold dishes - food should not be too cold.

A diet for the liver should include a lot of fiber, carrots, lettuce, beets, tomatoes, pumpkin, zucchini will be useful in this regard. Of the sweet permitted dishes, one can recall marmalade, marshmallows, jam, soufflé, meringue, berry mousses, compotes, kissels. You can drink weak tea or juice.

Prohibited Products

The diet for liver disease also has a list of existing products that are strictly prohibited to use. These products include those that create a large functional load on the body, or contain toxins. Among such products are fresh bread, sweet pastries, hard cheeses. Do not eat fatty meat, canned food, smoked meats. Fat and brisket must be excluded from the diet. Also, vegetables consisting of coarse fiber, nuts, mushrooms, legumes, any kind of cabbage. Seasonings and spices are excluded during diet therapy. From sweet it is required to exclude chocolate, products with fatty creams, cocoa. It is forbidden to drink alcoholic beverages.

Menu for the week with recipes

Liver disease involves following a long-term diet that prescribes what not to eat and what foods are allowed to be eaten. To make it easier to navigate, you can make a list of dishes for the week, having previously seen all the restrictions. Recipes are available on the Internet, so they can be suggested by a dietitian. The menu for every day with a diet for the liver can be changed depending on the preferences of the patient, but do not include junk food. Prohibited foods for liver diseases should be excluded in any form and quantity.

The diet for pain in the liver does not provide for a sharp reduction in calorie content, which means that the patients' menu will be quite rich. For cooking, you need to choose among the allowed products only fresh vegetables and fruits, avoiding conservation. diet recipes See below for each day.

Monday	In the morning, liquid oatmeal with low-fat milk is allowed; you can eat one apple for a snack. For lunch, rice soup, chicken meatballs and compote with cookies are recommended. For an afternoon snack, kefir or compote with crackers is allowed, and for dinner - vinaigrette, unsweetened tea with a piece of pudding.
Tuesday	Can be cooked in the morning semolina with the addition of jam, or pour warm milk over muesli. Banana or strawberries with low-fat cottage cheese are allowed for lunch. For lunch, you can cook meatloaf and vegetable soup with sour cream. For an afternoon snack, grated carrots with sugar will be useful, and for dinner you can treat yourself to a salad of beets and prunes without garlic, cabbage rolls with chicken and rice, and a glass of tea with crackers.
Wednesday	In the morning you can eat mannik with raisins or cottage cheese pudding with jam. For lunch, one fresh fruit and tea with biscuits are recommended. For lunch, you can cook buckwheat soup, eat a piece of boiled meat, preferably beef, with cucumber salad. For an afternoon snack, apples with honey are recommended, and for dinner - a piece of fish with mashed potatoes and tea.
Thursday	You can start the morning with cheesecakes with dried apricots and drink rosehip broth. Can be done for lunch apple and carrot salad with sugar and add cottage cheese. For lunch, chicken fillet in sour cream, vegetable salad and a glass of green tea are allowed. For an afternoon snack, you can cook an omelette in milk from one egg. For dinner, you can cook boiled rice with a piece of fish, drink a glass of juice.
Friday	In the morning, a salad of fresh vegetables and a glass of tea with cookies are recommended. For lunch, a banana and apple salad with honey is shown, as well as half a glass of low-fat yogurt. For lunch, you can cook zucchini soup without meat, and as a second course, eat a boiled piece of meat or fish, drink a glass of skimmed milk. For an afternoon snack, you can eat rice pudding, and for dinner - a vegetable casserole with a piece of meat, compote.
Saturday	In the morning, milk porridge with fruits, berry jelly will be useful. Kefir with crackers is allowed for lunch. For lunch, you can cook beetroot, beef cutlets, drink a glass of juice or compote. Recommended for lunch applesauce, for dinner - a baked piece of meat with vegetable salad, tea with marshmallows.
Sunday	In the morning, you can cook an omelet, add fresh tomatoes or cucumbers. Vinaigrette and compote with cookies are recommended as lunch. For lunch, mashed potatoes with a steam cutlet, salad and compote. For an afternoon snack, you can eat cottage cheese with jam, and in the evening - a piece of fish with salad, a glass of milk or kefir.

Diet 5

One of the fifteen dietary tables - table number 5 - is intended for patients. Suffering from pathologies of the liver, biliary tract and directly the gallbladder. If you prepare dietary dishes according to this diet, then after a while table 5 will help restore the functioning of the biliary tract and normalize the activity of the liver. The fifth table is prescribed for the following diseases:

• acute cholecystitis;
• hepatitis in the acute stage;
• chronic hepatitis;
• cholelithiasis during remission;
• cholecystitis;
• compensated cirrhosis of the liver;
• cholecystectomy.

According to the diet, foods with high content purines, cholesterol, essential oils and oxalic acid. A diet for a diseased liver should include mainly fiber, a sufficient amount of proteins and carbohydrates, while the caloric content of the diet should not decrease. Food is served on the table in a warm form, you can eat about five times a day. If the liver hurts, frying is prohibited by the diet - it is best to boil or bake foods.

Diet after liver surgery

After surgical intervention on the liver shows a balanced diet. Doctors prescribe a diet depending on the volume of the intervention and the complexity of the situation. Dietary restrictions are observed on average in the first three to five days, when only water, liquid cereals, weak broths from lean meat are shown to patients. In the next five days, you can gradually transfer patients to another type of food, sparing. The diet will take into account the fact that the liver cannot perform its functions, the activity of the stomach and intestines is inhibited, and secretion is disturbed. Nutrition on a sparing regimen should last at least ten days. In some cases, patients cannot eat on their own, and nutrient mixtures are introduced through a tube. This is usually done by a qualified medical staff. Ten days later, patients are transferred to table No. 0-a, after which nutrition is prescribed according to the principles of table 1- and 1-b. Any other diets at this time are prohibited. The prescribed diet is followed for about three weeks, after which the patients are transferred to the 5-a table. If problems arise with such nutrition, a sparing fifth table is appointed. Treatment of patients after surgery requires strict observance dietary principles, any shifts in nutrition can lead to serious consequences.

With proper nutrition in case of liver disease, good results can be achieved in the treatment of pathologies of this organ. If you do not violate the doctor's prescriptions, the liver will quickly restore its functions and you can eat as before.

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