The life span, or biological longevity, of an animal is the period from birth to its natural death. The biological longevity of farm animals is species feature... Animals of each species have a certain, genetically determined limit of life span, which is hereditarily fixed. The life expectancy of animals of each species is judged by the established and recorded facts of the longevity of individual individuals. Farm animals have great biological longevity, which is confirmed by the following examples.
On the collective farm. Lenin of the Kirsanovsky district of the Tambov region a cow of the red Tambov breed Rosette and in the breeding plant "Trostyanets" of the Chernihiv region a cow of the Simmental breed Forget-me-not were used for up to 20 years. From the first, a lifetime milk yield of 49,025 kg was obtained, and from the second - 86,900 kg of milk. In the breeding farm "Karavaevo" of the Kostroma region, the cows of the Kostroma breed were used Krasa and Experienced for up to 23 years. From the Experienced woman, a lifetime milk yield of 118,000 kg was obtained, and from Krasa - 120,247 kg of milk. In Poland, the cow Chervona of the red Polish breed lived up to 28, and the cow Siwa - up to 35 years. The first one calved 26 times, the second - 30. Siva's milk yield for the last lactation was equal to 2700 kg of milk. In Hungary, the Hungarian variegated sheep cow was used for 32 years, and the Hungarian red and white Varan cow was 35 years old. From cow Baraki 27 calves were received, and from cow Varanu - 26. Milk yield for the last lactation at Barani reached 3981 kg. In England, two cows lived to 36 years old, and one to 40 years.
At the Otrada pedigree farm in the Voronezh Region, the sow Beatrice was used up to 12 years old, and the Sorceress's uterus - up to 13, which at the age of 13 farrowed 2 times and gave 28 piglets. In Hungary, one uterus lived for 22 years. She farrowed 46 times and produced 414 piglets.
In Anglin, queens of 14-16 years of age are recorded in the studbooks of Shropshire sheep. W.A. Rice described a sheep at the age of 21. V Last year life got the 35th lamb from her.
II Mechnikov reports about a horse that has lived to be 50 years old. Up to the same age, a mare Charles of the Arab breed was used for light transport work in one of the collective farms of the Transcarpathian region. The fact that horses can live up to 54-60 years is reported by E. Davenport and U. Dgorst. The skull of a horse that died at the age of 64 is kept at the University of Manchester (England). II Kuleshov reports on a horse that lived for 67 years.
Thus, in the cases described, the natural life expectancy reached 40 years in cows, 22 years in pigs, 21 years in sheep, and 67 years in horses.
Many scientists sought to find out the patterns of development and reproduction of animals. different types, as well as the factors that determine their durability. As a result, a number of theories have been proposed explaining the reasons for the longevity of mammals and birds. Currently, the following theories about the lifespan of animals of different species are most widespread.
1. The life span of animals is directly proportional to the period of their development, ie, the longer this period, the longer their life. Proponents of this theory believe that possible duration the life of animals is 6-7 times longer than the period of their postembryonic development. For example, a horse that completes development mainly by the age of 5-6 years, lives 30-35 years; large cattle that forms by 4-5 years of age, lives 20-25 years; sheep and pigs that complete development by 2 years of age live up to 12-15 years.
2. The lifespan of animals is in close connection with their size. Large animals have a longer lifespan than small ones. The lifespan of rabbits is shorter than that of dogs, sheep and pigs, and the latter, in turn, are less durable than horses and cattle.
3. Life expectancy is inversely proportional to the fertility of animals. Rabbits, giving up to 30 rabbits per year, and pigs - up to 40 piglets, live up to 6-7 years, and horses and cattle, which are less fertile, live longer.
4. Life span of animals different types is determined by the type of their food: herbivores are more durable than frugivores.
5. Life expectancy is associated with the rhythm of breathing and heart contractions. Animals with a frequent rhythm of heart and respiration do not live long: rabbits, in which it is more intense, are 6-7 years old, and representatives of the same family of hares, with a slower rhythm of heart and breathing contractions, live much longer - up to 10-15 years ... In horses, the rhythm of heart contractions is half as often as in cattle, their life expectancy is 2 times longer.
At first glance, the assumption of a relationship between growth and life expectancy is plausible. However, the proportion proposed to substantiate this theory is far from accurate, since a number of facts do not agree at all with it. For example, a horse that reaches full development at 5-6 years old can sometimes live up to 50-60 years, that is, not 6-7, but 10-12 times longer than the period of its growth and development. In other vertebrates, the ratio between growth and life span fluctuates even more. For example, domestic goose has a rather short period of growth and development, and lives for many years.
It is also impossible to find a direct relationship between the size of animals and the duration of their life. If we take only mammals, then between the size of animals and the duration of their life in a number of cases there really is a relationship, which is confirmed by the above examples with a rabbit, dog, sheep, pig, cattle and horse. This is due to the fact that large animals for construction large mass bodies, under other early conditions, need a longer period of time. However, among mammals, there are many exceptions, indicating that the size of animals is not always proportional to longevity. Adult rabbits and hares are the same in weight and size. It would seem that their lifespan should be the same. In reality, the hare lives twice as long as the rabbit. Domestic bird has a relatively small size, and lives for a long time. For example, geese significantly outlive many mammals and some much larger birds than themselves.
The different fertility of animals also does not determine their longevity. Sheep and pigs live roughly the same length of time, while pigs give birth to offspring many times more than sheep.
Various herbivores and carnivores have short and long life spans. In view of this, there is no way to link the lifespan of whole animal species with the type of their nutrition.
Attempts to link life expectancy with the structure and development of the respiratory and circulatory organs, as well as with the rhythm of respiration and contractions of the heart, are also insufficiently substantiated.
The most convincing theory is I.P. Pavlov, who believed that life expectancy in animals of various species developed in the process of their evolution. It is determined by the structure of the body, the degree of perfection of neural correlations in the body, the general biological and living conditions of animals.
Biological longevity determines the timing of the breeding and industrial use of animals of each species. Animal species with a relatively long lifespan, such as horses and cattle, are used longer than sheep and pigs, which have a shorter lifespan.
In each species, only individual representatives live up to the limits of the species life span. Most animals of each species do not live up to the end of their potential life (age limit), i.e., individual life cycle they are rarely smothered by physiological death. Almost all of them leave the farm earlier. possible term biological longevity. This is due to the fact that the period of use of animals of each species depends on their productive and breeding qualities. Animals are kept on the farm as long as they retain these qualities for high level... When productivity and breeding qualities are noticeably reduced, they are culled from the herd. A decrease in economic qualities with an increase in the age of animals also occurs as a result of their aging - a complex natural physiological process completing individual cycle development of the body. With age, the metabolic rate in animals decreases and the balance of metabolic processes is disturbed. As a result, the relationship of the body with environment, adaptability to it worsens, which leads to a weakening vital functions and fading away life process... This is the essence and causes of aging.
V recent times In connection with the development of the science of enzymes - enzymology - in the first place as a trading post responsible for the aging process, they began to put forward a change in the properties of these biological catalysts that control all metabolic processes in the body.
Geneticists put forward two main groups of aging hypotheses. The hypotheses related to the first group are based on the fact that in the genetic apparatus of the cell, in its chromosomes, there is a special “aging program”. Just as the embryonic development of the embryo, the growth and formation of an individual is controlled by the coordinated work of the genetic apparatus, so aging is controlled by the corresponding part of the program. individual development... At a certain moment in life, this program is switched on and the aging process begins. According to the hypotheses of the second group, aging is not part of a genetically predetermined program, but its by-product. Organisms begin to age "after the exhaustion of their biological development program", that is, after they have fulfilled their main biological purpose - the reproduction of a new generation. Consequently, aging is an “out-of-program” process of destruction of a living system, which has become useless from the point of view of the evolution of a species.
To establish up to what age animals retain a high level of economic useful qualities, it is necessary to learn the laws of individual development and age changes biological features organism.
On the basis of knowledge of these patterns, it is possible to determine the rational terms of the breeding and industrial use of animals, at which the greatest zootechnical and economic effect is obtained.
In-depth knowledge of patterns age variability necessary for both long-term effective use highly productive animals, and to improve existing breeds.
Dogs and cats are the most popular pets. Therefore, it is worth paying attention to these creatures, starting a conversation about what the lifespan of different animals is.
So what about the dogs? Each breed here has a different lifespan. For example, dogs such as bulldogs and Irish Wolfhounds, live on average only up to 6-7 years. The situation is different with terriers, dachshunds, and poodles. Their life expectancy is about 14 years. It is worth noting that you do not need to take the average as the maximum possible age... As practice shows, with proper care and maintaining the health of a pet, some four-legged friends a person can live up to 20 years or more.
Presenting information about the life expectancy of different animals, it is worth saying a few words about cats. For these pets, one of the determining factors that affects longevity is the mode of existence. It is about whether the cat is left to itself on the street or is under the care of the owner at home. Outside the premises, these animals die at the age of 4-5 years. This is often caused by injuries sustained in the struggle for survival, lack of quality feed, as well as all kinds of diseases. In turn, domestic cats, which are surrounded by the care of the owner, live much longer - from 12 to 18 years.
Bowhead whales
According to biologists, these huge creatures belong to the category of real long-livers among mammals. At one time, observations were made of the bowhead whale, known by the nickname Bada, which died at the age of about 245 years. This case is an exception. Since the bulk of the species lives up to a maximum of 60 years.
However, scientists have repeatedly recorded other similar cases. Researchers observed several other bowhead whales, which were approaching a record age, ranging from 91 to 172 years. The heads of the harpoons were removed from the bodies of these animals at least a century ago.
Land turtles
Let's continue our conversation about the lifespan of different species of animals. The turtles have the fame of real record holders here. As the results of the study of this issue show, on average, these creatures die at the age of about 150 years. Naturally, a lot here also depends on the conditions of existence.
The oldest turtle known to biologists, is an animal named Advaita. The latter was kept by the British military Robert Clive as pet... After the death of the owner, the turtle ended up in the zoo in the city of Kolkata. Surprisingly, Advaita managed to live here for another 130 years. The reason for the death of the animal was the formation of cracks in the shell. After the death of the turtle, scientists decided to establish its real age. To do this, the researchers used the method of radiocarbon analysis of tissues. The test results showed that at the time of death, the age of the turtle Advaita was a record 250 years with possible minor deviations in indicators.
Oceanic venus
This sea clam leads sedentary image life, receiving everything necessary for existence nutrients and oxygen thanks to water filtration. In order not to become a victim of predators, such animals plunge deep into the sand and remain there. long time without the need for food. According to the researchers, the Oceanic Venus can live up to an unthinkable 400-500 years.
Antarctic sponge
Let's continue talking about the lifespan of different species of animals. A plant is exactly what an Antarctic sponge might appear to be at first glance. However, it is not. Sponges are animals, but practically immobile. Some of them shift from place by a few millimeters during the day. Such creatures are distinguished by extremely measured growth, to which they owe their longevity.
On this moment biologists have registered about 50,000 species of sponges. The majority of creatures of this category live for only a few decades. However, the Antarctic sponge is an exception to the “rules”. Scientists were able to find samples whose age exceeded the figure of one and a half thousand years.
Jellyfish
The average life span of different animals is not that great. As for creatures such as jellyfish, they absolutely do not "care" about aging. Recent observations of these animals shed light on fantastic abilities. So, jellyfish, which belong to the species Turritopsis nutricula, are one of the smallest creatures on the planet, reaching only about 4 millimeters in size. They are unique because they have the ability to return to "infancy" age. Such jellyfish develop like any other representative of the fauna. However, upon reaching maturity, they can go back to the polyp stage, after which the maturation process restarts. As the data shows special studies, jellyfish Turritopsis nutricula are potentially immortal.
Life span of different animals: table
How long are individual fauna representatives able to exist? I would like to present to your attention a table in which the average and maximum life expectancy of different animals is noted:
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Animal |
Average (years) |
Limit indicator (years) |
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Small rodents (mice, rats, hamsters) |
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Hippos |
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Monkey |
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Finally
So we examined the lifespan of different animals. As you can see, among the representatives of the fauna, there are both real centenarians and creatures that are not allotted much time by nature. Despite the calculations of scientists regarding the average and maximum life expectancy of certain species, exceptional cases are quite often noted.
Life expectancy of different animals: features and interesting facts on the site.
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LIFE LENGTH OF PETS AND NOT ONLY ANIMALS ... No mammal can compare in longevity to humans. And yet we make ourselves four-legged friends, knowing that their age is short-lived. Who lives how long? When does it grow older? Records The longest life expectancy among pets was recorded for a hamster in England - 19 years, a rabbit in Tasmania - 18 years 10 months, a guinea pig in England - 14 years 10 months, home mouse- also in England - 7 years 7 months. The life expectancy of most dogs is 8-12 years, rarely any of them live up to 15 years of age. Nature in relation to dogs, one might say, stingy. But among dogs, there are also centenarians. An Australian dog named Bluey has lived for 29 years and 5 months. For almost 20 years, she and her owner, Forest Holly, have tended cattle and sheep. There is a long-lived dog in the Nizhny Novgorod region. A husky lives in Vache, the correct age of which is 21 years. To establish the right relationship between a person and an animal, knowledge of age correspondences sometimes comes to the rescue. So, according to the French magazine Le Dobermann, there are the following correlations between the age of a dog and a person.
7 years old - 7 - 49 years old 8 years old - 7 - 56 years old 9 years old - 7 - 63 years old 10 years old - 6.5 - 65 years old 11 years old - 6.5 - 71 years old 12 years old - 6.3 - 75 years old 13 years old - 6.2 - 80 years old 14 years old - 6 - 84 years old 15 years old - 5.8 - 87 years old 16 years old - 5.6 - 89 years old. The American Home Guide for Cat Owners provides a table comparing cat and human ages:
The cat's longevity record is 28 years. How old was she in human terms? The oldest domestic animal, whose age has been accurately established, was not a cat or a dog, but a cow named Modoc, who lived for 78 years. She was brought from Germany to the United States at the age of two in 1898. "Cow Age" Modoc graduated in California in 1975. Maybe, in order not to injure yourself, start a cow as a four-legged companion? Life span of dogs different breeds and some aspects of feeding, keeping and treating these elderly animals. Currently, the number of dog breeds exceeds 400 - from a tiny chi-hua-hua weighing up to 2 kg to a giant St. Bernard weighing 80 kg and more. Despite the fact that dogs of any breed are one species (Canis familiaris), there are enormous differences anatomical structure animals of different breeds affect the quality of life of pets and are paramount in determining its duration. The ratio of the age of dogs to the age of a person, according to different authors, ranges from 5-7 years of a person to 1 year of a dog's life. A dog as a companion, as a protector and friend lives together with the owner for a long time. Adequate attention to your dog's naturally deteriorating health will help prolong the relationship. Below is a table of the average life expectancy of dogs of different breeds.
It can be seen from the above data that what larger dog, the less it lives, and the small genetic material of new exotic breeds, along with a certain "fashion" for some breeds (for example, the Rottweiler 11 years ago) affects the number and severity of diseases of these animals and, consequently, their lifespan. A feature of feeding dogs after 5 years of age is a properly selected diet in terms of calorie content in the direction of decreasing the latter. Dogs large breeds(St. Bernards, Caucasian Shepherd Dogs) in order to prevent expansion of the stomach and volvulus, reduce the amount of bulk feeds (porridge, vegetables) and increase the number of feedings up to 3 per day with a uniform decrease in the volume of each portion. In order to prevent a number of stagnant phenomena in the large intestine from 5-7 years of age, 5-15 ml are added to the feed daily vegetable oil... Bones are completely excluded from the diet. Vitamins and minerals should be given to dogs regularly after 8 years of age, and a complex of vitamins and mineral substances its composition is close to that for dogs up to 1 year old. Watering of animals is carried out in the usual way, but a long intense thirst should be the reason the owner of an elderly dog turns to veterinarian to avoid possible illnesses. Of course, the life expectancy of animals largely depends on the conditions of keeping and feeding the animals. Usually, domestic animals have a longer lifespan than stray animals of the same species. Many animals in zoos live longer than their "free" congeners, due to the fact that experts closely monitor their nutrition and the conditions for their maintenance. However, it also happens that in captivity, animals live less than in nature. This happens with exotic animals, whose owners are often not aware of the rules of caring for them. The average life span of cats is 10-15 years (in fact, at good care cats easily live up to 20-22 years, so the figures of 10-15 years are objective only for cats with free range, not sterilized, not vaccinated). By virtue of different reasons stray cats live much less: 3-5 years. There are also long-lived cats. So, according to the Guinness Book of Records, the longest known domestic cats, 34 years old, lived spotted cat Ma from Great Britain and cat Granpa Rex Alain from USA. Unlike cats, the average lifespan of dogs varies greatly depending on the breed. The shortest life expectancy in those breeds of dogs that are large, and the greatest - in "small" breeds. The following data clearly support this: The average lifespan of the American Staffordshire Terrier is about 13 years; English Bulldogs - 8-10 years old; English spaniels - 10-14 years old; Great Danes of Argentina - 13-15 years old; Bassetts - 9-11 years old; Boxers - 10-12 years old; Lapdogs - 18-20 years old; Large poodles - 15-17 years old; Dogo de Bordeaux - 7-8 years old; West Siberian huskies - 10-14 years old; Yorkshire Terriers - 12-15 years old; Caucasian Shepherd Dogs - 9-11 years old; Pugs - 13-15 years old; Great Danes - 7-8 years old; German Shepherds - 10-14 years old; Rottweilers - 9-12 years old; Dachshund - 12-14 years old; Toy Terriers - 12-13 years old; Chi-hua-hua - 15-17 years old; Airedale Terriers - 10-13 years old. Rodents usually do not live as long as cats and dogs. Mice live on average - 1-2 years, although some individuals reach 5-6 years; Rats live 2-3 years, there are long-lived rats whose age reaches 6 years or more, at the same time, many rats die young. Hamsters live 1.5-3 years; Guinea pigs live 6-8 years; Chinchillas live 15 years; Chipmunks live 10 years or more; Rabbits live up to 12 years on average. Horses have an average lifespan of 20-25 years. The maximum reliably known lifespan of a horse was 62 years. For ponies, this indicator is lower. The oldest pony was 54 years old. According to livestock breeders, the life expectancy of cows is about 20 years, some live up to 35, bulls live a little less: 15-20 years. The total lifespan of elephants is 60-70 years; The lifespan of bears is 30-45 years; The average life span of foxes is 6-8 years, but in captivity they can live up to 20 years or longer; The lifespan of beavers is usually 10-12 years, although in favorable conditions of zoos they can live up to 20 years; The lifespan of macaques is 15 to 20 years, but in captivity they can, however, live up to 30 years; The life span of orangutans in nature is about 35-40 years, and in captivity they can live up to 60 years of age; Chimpanzees are about 50 years old. Of the vertebrates, turtles live the longest. Most of the information indicating that their life expectancy is slightly more than 50 years refers to individuals kept in captivity. Some species certainly live much longer. Found in Rhode Island, the Caroline box turtle (Terrapene carolina) was almost certainly 130 years old. The maximum period is considered to be about 150 years, but it is quite possible that the real life span of individual individuals is much longer. The lifespan of popular animal lovers red-eared turtles- 30 (40-45) years, European marsh - the same, some of them even reached 80 years. The total life expectancy for small lizards does not exceed 3-4 years, and for the largest (iguanas, monitor lizards) it reaches 20 and even 50-70 years, but, again, this age is achieved only under decent conditions for keeping reptiles. At home, iguanas often do not live for a year. There is a fairly popular misconception that many parrots live for over a hundred years. In fact, this is not the case. Birds usually live several times longer in captivity than in freedom, but even in zoos, only a few species of parrots have an average lifespan of approaching 40 years. Unlike dogs in parrots bigger size body is higher and average life expectancy. Budgerigars and lovebirds live 12-14 years (maximum life expectancy up to 20 years). Parrots Grays: 14-16 years old (maximum 49). Macaw parrots can live up to 40-45 years, the maximum documented age of the red macaw is 64 years. Their average life expectancy is 2 times lower than this figure. The record-holders are cockatoo parrots, which live for about 30-40 years. There is reliable information about the cockatoo 60-70 years of age. Crows also live long. Ravens have a maximum lifespan of 75 years in captivity. While at large, crows live on average 10 - 15 years. The average life expectancy in passerines is 20 years, in owls 15 years, in diurnal birds of prey 21-24 years, in copepods 20 years, in ducks 21 years, in herons 19 years, in waders 10 years, in gulls 17 years, in ratites 15 years old, pigeons 12 years old, chickens 13 years old. For domestic chickens, a maximum life expectancy of 30 years is noted (of course, this is more the exception than the rule). From the squad of owls, owls lived to be 34, 53 and 68 years old. For daytime predators, the following data are known: the buffoon eagle lived for 55 years, the condor for 52 and more than 65 years, the golden eagle for 46 years, and according to other, but not very reliable information, for more than 80 years, the griffon vulture for more than 38 years. If you search on the Internet, you can find the average lifespan of almost any species of animals, however, even from the data given in this note, it is clear that correct feeding and care significantly affect the lifespan of an animal in captivity, which means that animal owners need to be given Special attention health of your pets!
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Life Expectancy There are not many species among which the life of individual individuals is surprisingly fleeting (just over a year). Usually small lizards live in nature for 2-3 years, larger ones, as well as snakes for several years. Turtles, especially large ones, reach even
The life expectancy of animals largely depends on the conditions of keeping and feeding the animals. Usually, domestic animals have a longer lifespan than stray animals of the same species. Many animals in zoos live longer than their "free" congeners, due to the fact that experts closely monitor their nutrition and the conditions for their maintenance. However, it also happens that in captivity, animals live less than in nature. This happens with exotic animals, whose owners are often not aware of the rules of caring for them.
Vertebrates live the longest turtles. Most of the information indicating that their life expectancy is slightly more than 50 years refers to individuals kept in captivity. Some species certainly live much longer. Age caroline box turtle (Terrapene carolina) found in Rhode Island was almost certainly 130 years old. The maximum period is considered to be about 150 years, but it is quite possible that the real life span of individual individuals is much longer.
Reach no less venerable age crocodiles, who, according to some sources, live up to 300 years of age. In some areas of Africa, they talk about individual crocodiles that have survived several generations of people. Since the growth of crocodiles, although very slow, continues until deep old age, the size of old crocodiles is very large.
Much has been said before about exclusively long duration life whales and elephants, supposedly reaching 400 years or more, but this turned out to be incorrect, and at present the age limit for whales is determined at 50, and for elephants - about 70 years. There have been cases of elephants living in captivity up to 100-120 years old, but, apparently, this is rare.
Fish are distinguished by significant durability. In popular science books about animals and textbooks on zoology, it is indicated that in the Moscow region in 1794, when cleaning the Tsaritsyn ponds, a pike was caught with a gold ring threaded through the gill cover, on which was engraved: "Tsar Boris Fedorovich planted." Since the reign of Boris Godunov took place in 1598-1605, then, therefore, Pike lived in the pond for about 200 years.
There is also a story about a pike caught in Germany in 1497 with a ring, on which the date of its planting was engraved: 1230. So this the pike has lived for over 267 years. However, a number modern specialists doubts the reliability of these facts, believing nevertheless that pikes can live up to 70-80 years. The data on a hundred-year (and more) lifespan of carp and some other fish also need to be verified.
The literature describes cases of life in captivity catfish up to 60 years old, eel up to 55 years old, goldfish up to 30 years old. Based on the method developed at the beginning of the twentieth century for determining the age of fish by bones and annual rings on the scales, it is indisputably established that the beluga can reach more than 100 years of age.
Among the birds the raven is distinguished by its durability. There are cases when this bird in captivity lived up to 70 years of age, and according to some sources, even twice as much.
Live long predator birds
... So, for example, they live in captivity for 80 years or more. eagles golden eagles. A night predator has lived in one of the zoos for 68 years - owl. Reach a hundred years of age falcons, and from non-predatory birds - parrots.
Budgerigars, and lovebirds live 12-14 years (maximum life expectancy up to 20 years).
Parrots: 14-16 years old (maximum 49).
Macaw parrots can live up to 40-45 years, the maximum documented age of the red macaw is 64 years. Their average life expectancy is 2 times lower than this figure. The record holders are cockatoo parrots, living for about 30-40 years. There is reliable information about the cockatoo 60-70 years of age.
For water birds the longevity of the swan has long been noted. In this regard, it is interesting to cite the case of the extraction in England in 1887 of a mute swan with a ring, dated 1711-1717. If the described case is reliable, then this is a record figure for the life expectancy of birds.
From poultry especially durable geese, living up to 40, and possibly more.
Chickens live up to 20 years.
Lives up to 30 years domestic pigeon.
Of invertebrates the most durable, apparently, should be considered a huge, weighing up to 300 kilograms, mollusc Indian Ocean - giant tridacnu, the maximum age of which is determined at 80-100 years.
Almost the same age, according to some sources, can reach European pearl mussels, molluscs much smaller - 12-14 centimeters in length.
Which animals have the shortest lifespan?
Microscopic animal organisms live for days, days and even hours - ciliates and amoeba, multiplying, as is known, by division, in which instead of the so-called “mother individual, two“ daughter ”are formed. As a separate individual, the ciliate and the amoeba live only in the interval between two divisions. This interval, and therefore the life span, is measured in days and hours, for example, in the ciliate of the shoe and the rhizome of the amoeba, it is equal to one day. And here the record figure belongs to plant organisms - bacteria. The individual life of many of them is only 15-60 minutes.
It is assumed that frogs and newts in nature, they live for about 5 years, however, cases of captive life of a grass frog up to 18 years old, a newt up to 28 years old, and bull frogs up to 16 years old are described. The toad lived even more with one lover - 36 years.
Many snakes live for tens of years. So, boa constrictor anaconda, cobra, common already live up to 25-30 years. Some lizards lived in captivity for up to 10 years. The legless spindle lizard has lived in the same zoo for 33 years.
Birds they live long compared to other vertebrates, but the largest ones do not always live longer. So, for example, the largest bird is African ostrich, lives only up to 30 - 40 years... On the other side, small songbirds: canaries, starlings, goldfinches- survived in captivity for 20-25 years.
Among mammals it is interesting to note the estimated age limit for great apes - gorillas, chimpanzees and orangutan: it is 50 - 60 years old. Other small monkeys survived in captivity for up to 20 years, and baboons up to 45.
Large predators such as bears and tigers, live up to 40 - 50 years.
Lions live somewhat less: about 30 years; leopards and lynxes 15 - 20 years old. Smaller predators - wolf and fox, are less durable: the maximum age of the first does not exceed 15 years, and the second - 10 - 12 years.
Among ungulates, deer and elk live about 20 years, roe deer - 15. Hippos and rhinos lived in the zoo for 40 years.
Rodents live much less, especially such small ones as mice and rats, the age limit of which does not exceed 2-3 years. Muskrat lives for 4 years, Guinea pig- 8 years, squirrels and hares - up to 10 years. Only beaver among rodents it stands out for its durability, these animals almost live up to. 35 and even 50 years of age.
The most durable of pets - donkey, lives up to 50 years;
horse and camel live up to 30,
cow - up to 25,
pig - up to 20,
sheep - up to 15,
dog - up to 15,
cat - up to 10-12 years old. The literature contains information about horses that have lived to be 62-67 years old, as well as about a cat who has lived in the same family for 38 years. It should not be forgotten that farm animals are usually used up to an age well below the limit.
And remember, your love and care for the animal will greatly extend the life of the animal.
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