Then Krasnoyarsk Medical University. She worked as a phthisiatrician for twenty-three years - in the oncology department of the Krasnoyarsk region clinical hospital, regional tuberculosis dispensary, city tuberculosis dispensary. After retiring in 1994, she was invited to work as a local therapist at city clinic No. 4. Living and working in the region for decades, A.P. Khorinyak treated many families in four generations, becoming their family doctor.
She converted to Christianity in the mid-1990s.
"The Khorinyak Case"
At the end of April 2009, A.P. Khorinyak was contacted by the relatives of a patient in the terminal stage of cancer, who had run out of the painkiller he was constantly taking, Tramadol. The patient was assigned to another site. The problem was that, according to the law, a group I disabled person was entitled to free medications, but Tramadol was not available under federal benefits in city pharmacies, so the local doctor had no right to write out another preferential prescription. The issuance of a paid prescription, which the relatives requested, was a “violation of the patient’s rights” to free medical care in accordance with the “State Guarantees Program”.
Khorinyak, who had been observing the family for twenty years and knew the patient’s medical history in detail, wrote out a paid prescription. The drug in the indicated dosage was not available at the pharmacy, and the next day she wrote out another prescription. At the end of May discounted medicine appeared in pharmacies, and the attending physician continued to prescribe the drug to the patient until his death in June 2011.
In July 2011, during an inspection of pharmacies by the State Drug Control Service, the prescriptions were discovered. A criminal case was initiated. The case of A.P. Khorinyak was considered in the Oktyabrsky District Court of Krasnoyarsk, Krasnoyarsk Regional Court. A close friend of the patient’s family, who purchased the medicine according to both prescriptions, was also an accomplice of the accused in the case.
The defendants were charged with “forgery<…>an official document granting rights for the purpose of its use, committed with the aim of facilitating the commission of another crime" (Part 2 of Article 327 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation) and "illegal acquisition, storage for the purpose of sale and direct sale of potent substances" committed by the "group persons by prior conspiracy on a large scale” (Part 3 of Article 234 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation).
The prosecution insisted on 9 years in prison. In May 2013, the Oktyabrsky District Court handed down a guilty verdict, and a fine of 15 thousand rubles was imposed on the defendants. Khorinyak did not admit her guilt and continued to fight. The question for her was not the amount of the fine, but rather proof of her innocence.
Main arguments of the parties:
The trial lasted three years. On October 21, 2014, the Oktyabrsky District Court of Krasnoyarsk acquitted A.P. Khorinyak and the second defendant in the case “due to the lack of corpus delicti in their actions.” After the verdict was announced, the doctor gave the court staff a Bible.
Public resonance of the case
The act of A.P. Khorinyak and the criminal prosecution of a doctor with 50 years of experience for fulfilling his professional duty caused a wide public outcry; the attention of the Russian and world public was drawn to the situation with the inaccessibility of painkillers for patients in Russia.
The progress of the trial was covered by means mass media, in defense of the doctor, signatures were collected under a petition to the Minister of Health. Russian and international organizations palliative care, human rights organizations - Human Rights Watch, World Alliance palliative care, European Association for Palliative Care. In a letter to the Prosecutor General of the Russian Federation, Human Rights Watch called “the use of criminal sanctions in in this case excessive and fraught with violation of international human rights norms.”
Former head of the World Health Organization Center for Palliative Care, Professor Robert Twycross en noted:
“30 years after the first edition of the WHO Guidelines for Pain Relief in malignant neoplasms and more than 25 years after the publication of the second edition of the Cancer Pain Management Guidelines in Russian, the situation in Russia in this regard remains woefully behind the times, with the result that thousands of citizens continue to die horribly and preventably every year. This is a crime against humanity that must be corrected without delay!”The newspaper “Arguments and Facts” called the “Khorinyak Case” a “mirror of the situation of medicine in the country”, “A Case of Global Pain” - “Novaya Gazeta”, “a blow to the Hippocratic Oath” - “Pravo. Ru". The process was called Kafkaesque and iconic, it was regarded as “a litmus indicator that revealed the presence of a huge layer of problems.”
In 2014, A.P. Khorinyak topped the “Women of the Year” rating according to Forbes magazine. In the same year, the doctor was awarded a prize from the newspaper “The Moscow Times” in the category “Personal Social responsibility"(English) Moscow Times Awards- English Humanitarian of the Year), which celebrates the achievements of Russians recognized by the international community.
Changes in legislation
“Human Rights Watch” regarded as an “incredible breakthrough” the order of the Ministry of Health of Russia No. 1175n, which appeared as a result of the “Khorinyak Case” and other widely publicized similar stories, introducing liberalization in the order of appointment and prescribing medicines, which came into force in July 2013.
On January 23, 2015, the State Duma of the Russian Federation adopted new law, making it easier for patients to receive pain relief, the media call it the “Apanasenko-Khorinyak law”. The law came into force on July 1, 2015.
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An excerpt characterizing Khorinyak, Alevtina Petrovna
The young officer, standing at the gate, as if hesitant to enter or not to enter, clicked his tongue.“Oh, what a shame!..” he said. - I wish I had yesterday... Oh, what a pity!..
Mavra Kuzminishna, meanwhile, carefully and sympathetically examined the familiar features of the Rostov breed in the face young man, and the tattered overcoat, and the worn-out boots that he was wearing.
- Why did you need a count? – she asked.
- Yeah... what to do! - the officer said with annoyance and grabbed the gate, as if intending to leave. He stopped again, undecided.
– Do you see? - he suddenly said. “I am a relative of the count, and he has always been very kind to me.” So, you see (he looked at his cloak and boots with a kind and cheerful smile), and he was worn out, and there was no money; so I wanted to ask the Count...
Mavra Kuzminishna did not let him finish.
- You should wait a minute, father. Just a minute,” she said. And as soon as the officer released his hand from the gate, Mavra Kuzminishna turned and with a quick old woman’s step walked into the backyard to her outbuilding.
While Mavra Kuzminishna was running to her place, the officer, with his head down and looking at his torn boots, smiling slightly, walked around the yard. “What a pity that I didn’t find my uncle. What a nice old lady! Where did she run? And how can I find out which streets are the closest to catch up with the regiment, which should now approach Rogozhskaya? - the young officer thought at this time. Mavra Kuzminishna, with a frightened and at the same time determined face, carrying a folded checkered handkerchief in her hands, came out from around the corner. Without walking a few steps, she unfolded the handkerchief, took out a white twenty-five-ruble note from it and hastily gave it to the officer.
“If their Lordships were at home, it would be known, they would definitely be related, but maybe... now...” Mavra Kuzminishna became shy and confused. But the officer, without refusing and without haste, took the piece of paper and thanked Mavra Kuzminishna. “As if the count were at home,” Mavra Kuzminishna kept saying apologetically. - Christ is with you, father! God bless you,” said Mavra Kuzminishna, bowing and seeing him off. The officer, as if laughing at himself, smiling and shaking his head, almost at a trot ran through the empty streets to catch up with his regiment to the Yauzsky Bridge.
And Mavra Kuzminishna stood for a long time with wet eyes in front of the closed gate, thoughtfully shaking her head and feeling an unexpected surge of maternal tenderness and pity for the officer unknown to her.
In the unfinished house on Varvarka, below which there was a drinking house, drunken screams and songs were heard. About ten factory workers were sitting on benches near tables in a small dirty room. All of them, drunk, sweaty, with dull eyes, straining and opening their mouths wide, they sang some kind of song. They sang separately, with difficulty, with effort, obviously not because they wanted to sing, but only to prove that they were drunk and partying. One of them, a tall, blond fellow in a clear blue scent, stood above them. His face with a thin, straight nose would be beautiful if it were not for his thin, pursed, constantly moving lips and dull, frowning, motionless eyes. He stood over those who were singing, and, apparently imagining something, solemnly and angularly waved his white hand rolled up to the elbow over their heads, the dirty fingers of which he unnaturally tried to spread out. The sleeve of his tunic was constantly falling down, and the fellow diligently rolled it up again with his left hand, as if there was something particularly important in the fact that this white, sinewy, waving arm was certainly bare. In the middle of the song, screams of fighting and blows were heard in the hallway and on the porch. The tall fellow waved his hand.
- Sabbath! – he shouted imperiously. - Fight, guys! - And he, without ceasing to roll up his sleeve, went out onto the porch.
The factory workers followed him. The factory workers, who were drinking in the tavern that morning under the leadership of a tall fellow, brought skins from the factory to the kisser, and for this they were given wine. The blacksmiths from the neighboring cousins, hearing the noise in the tavern and believing that the tavern was broken, wanted to force their way into it. A fight broke out on the porch.
The kisser was fighting with the blacksmith at the door, and while the factory workers were coming out, the blacksmith broke away from the kisser and fell face down on the pavement.
Another blacksmith was rushing through the door, leaning on the kisser with his chest.
The fellow with his sleeve rolled up hit the blacksmith in the face as he rushed through the door and shouted wildly:
- Guys! They're beating our people!
At this time, the first blacksmith rose from the ground and, scratching the blood on his broken face, screamed in a crying voice:
- Guard! Killed!.. Killed a man! Brothers!..
- Oh, fathers, they killed him to death, they killed a man! - the woman squealed as she came out of the neighboring gate. A crowd of people gathered around the bloody blacksmith.
“It’s not enough that you robbed people, took off their shirts,” said someone’s voice, turning to the kisser, “why did you kill a person?” Robber!
The tall fellow, standing on the porch, looked with dull eyes first at the kisser, then at the blacksmiths, as if wondering who he should fight with now.
- Murderer! – he suddenly shouted at the kisser. - Knit it, guys!
- Why, I tied up one such and such! - the kisser shouted, waving off the people who attacked him, and, tearing off his hat, he threw it on the ground. As if this action had some mysteriously threatening significance, the factory workers who surrounded the kisser stopped in indecision.
“Brother, I know the order very well.” I'll get to the private part. Do you think I won't make it? Nowadays no one is ordered to commit robbery! – the kisser shouted, raising his hat.
- And let's go, look! And let's go... look! - the kisser and the tall fellow repeated one after another, and both moved forward along the street together. The bloody blacksmith walked next to them. Factory workers and strangers followed them, talking and shouting.
At the corner of Maroseyka, opposite a large house with locked shutters, on which there was a sign of a shoemaker, stood with sad faces about twenty shoemakers, thin, exhausted people in dressing gowns and tattered tunics.
- He will treat the people properly! - said a thin craftsman with a scraggly beard and frowning eyebrows. - Well, he sucked our blood - and that’s it. He drove us and drove us - all week. And now he brought it to the last end, and left.
Seeing the people and the bloody man, the worker who had been speaking fell silent, and all the shoemakers, with hasty curiosity, joined the moving crowd.
-Where are the people going?
- It is known where, he goes to the authorities.
- Well, did our power really not take over?
- And you thought how! Look what the people are saying.
Questions and answers were heard. The kisser, taking advantage of the increase in the crowd, fell behind the people and returned to his tavern.
The tall fellow, not noticing the disappearance of his enemy the kisser, waving his bare hand, did not stop talking, thereby turning it on himself general attention. The people mostly pressed on him, expecting from him to get a solution to all the questions that occupied them.
- Show him order, show him the law, that’s what the authorities are in charge of! Is that what I say, Orthodox? - said the tall fellow, smiling slightly.
– He thinks, and there are no authorities? Is it possible without bosses? Otherwise, you never know how to rob them.
- What nonsense to say! - responded in the crowd. - Well, then they’ll abandon Moscow! They told you to laugh, but you believed it. You never know how many of our troops are coming. So they let him in! That's what the authorities do. “Listen to what the people are saying,” they said, pointing to the tall fellow.
Near the wall of China City, another small group of people surrounded a man in a frieze overcoat holding a paper in his hands.
- The decree, the decree is being read! The decree is being read! - was heard in the crowd, and people rushed to the reader.
A man in a frieze overcoat was reading a poster dated August 31st. When the crowd surrounded him, he seemed embarrassed, but in response to the demand of the tall fellow who had pushed ahead of him, with a slight trembling in his voice, he began to read the poster from the beginning.
“Tomorrow I’m going early to the Most Serene Prince,” he read (the brightening one! - the tall fellow solemnly repeated, smiling with his mouth and frowning his eyebrows), “to talk with him, act and help the troops exterminate the villains; We too will become the spirit of them...” the reader continued and stopped (“Saw?” the little one shouted victoriously. “He will untie you all the distance...”) ... - to eradicate and send these guests to hell; I’ll come back for lunch, and we’ll get down to business, we’ll do it, we’ll finish it, and we’ll get rid of the villains.”
The last words were read by the reader in complete silence. The tall fellow sadly lowered his head. It was obvious that no one understood these last words. In particular, the words: “I will come tomorrow for lunch,” apparently even upset both the reader and the listeners. The understanding of the people was in a high mood, and this was too simple and unnecessary understandable; this was the very thing that each of them could say and that therefore a decree emanating from a higher power could not speak.
Everyone stood in dejected silence. The tall fellow moved his lips and staggered.
“I should ask him!.. That’s what he is?.. Well, he asked!.. But then... He’ll point out...” was suddenly heard in the back rows of the crowd, and everyone’s attention turned to the droshky of the police chief, accompanied by two mounted dragoons.
The police chief, who had gone that morning by order of the count to burn the barges and, on the occasion of this order, had rescued a large sum of money that was in his pocket at that moment, seeing a crowd of people moving towards him, ordered the coachman to stop.
- What kind of people? - he shouted at the people, scattered and timidly approaching the droshky. - What kind of people? I'm asking you? - repeated the police chief, who did not receive an answer.
“They, your honor,” said the clerk in the frieze overcoat, “they, your highness, at the announcement of the most illustrious count, without sparing their lives, wanted to serve, and not like some kind of riot, as said from the most illustrious count...
“The Count has not left, he is here, and there will be orders about you,” said the police chief. - Let's go! - he said to the coachman. The crowd stopped, crowding around those who had heard what the authorities said, and looking at the droshky driving away.
At that time, the police chief looked around in fear and said something to the coachman, and his horses went faster.
- Cheating, guys! Lead to it yourself! - shouted the voice of a tall guy. - Don't let me go, guys! Let him submit the report! Hold it! - voices shouted, and people ran after the droshky.
The crowd behind the police chief, talking noisily, headed to the Lubyanka.
- Well, the gentlemen and the merchants have left, and that’s why we are lost? Well, we are dogs, or what! – was heard more often in the crowd.
On the evening of September 1, after his meeting with Kutuzov, Count Rastopchin, upset and offended by the fact that he was not invited to the military council, that Kutuzov did not pay any attention to his proposal to take part in the defense of the capital, and surprised by the new look that opened up to him in the camp , in which the question of the calm of the capital and its patriotic mood turned out to be not only secondary, but completely unnecessary and insignificant - upset, offended and surprised by all this, Count Rostopchin returned to Moscow. After dinner, the count, without undressing, lay down on the sofa and at one o'clock was awakened by a courier who brought him a letter from Kutuzov. The letter said that since the troops were retreating to the Ryazan road outside Moscow, would the count like to send police officials to lead the troops through the city. This news was not news to Rostopchin. Not only from yesterday’s meeting with Kutuzov on Poklonnaya Hill, but also from the very Battle of Borodino, when all the generals who came to Moscow unanimously said that it was impossible to give another battle, and when, with the count’s permission, government property was already being taken out every night and the residents were half gone, Count Rastopchin knew that Moscow would abandoned; but nevertheless, this news, communicated in the form of a simple note with an order from Kutuzov and received at night, during his first sleep, surprised and irritated the count.
Subsequently, explaining his activities during this time, Count Rastopchin wrote several times in his notes that he then had two important goals: De maintenir la tranquillite a Moscow et d "en faire partir les habitants. [Keep calm in Moscow and escort out her inhabitants.] If we assume this double goal, every action of Rostopchin turns out to be impeccable. Why were the Moscow shrine, weapons, cartridges, gunpowder, grain supplies not taken out, why were thousands of residents deceived by the fact that Moscow would not be surrendered, and ruined? - For this ", in order to maintain calm in the capital, Count Rostopchin's explanation answers. Why were piles of unnecessary papers removed from public places and Leppich's ball and other objects? - In order to leave the city empty, Count Rostopchin's explanation answers. One has only to assume that something threatened national tranquility, and every action becomes justified.
All the horrors of terror were based only on concern for public peace.
What was Count Rastopchin’s fear of public peace in Moscow based on in 1812? What reason was there for supposing there was a tendency towards indignation in the city? Residents left, troops, retreating, filled Moscow. Why should the people rebel as a result of this?
Not only in Moscow, but throughout Russia, upon the entry of the enemy, nothing resembling indignation occurred. On September 1st and 2nd, more than ten thousand people remained in Moscow, and apart from the crowd that had gathered in the courtyard of the commander-in-chief and attracted by him himself, there was nothing. Obviously, it was even less necessary to expect unrest among the people if after the Battle of Borodino, when the abandonment of Moscow became obvious, or, according to at least, probably, if then, instead of worrying the people with the distribution of weapons and posters, Rostopchin had taken measures to remove all sacred objects, gunpowder, charges and money and had directly announced to the people that the city was being abandoned.
Rastopchin, an ardent, sanguine man who always moved in the highest circles of the administration, although with a patriotic feeling, did not have the slightest idea about the people he thought of governing. From the very beginning of the enemy’s entry into Smolensk, Rostopchin imagined for himself the role of leader popular feeling- the hearts of Russia. It not only seemed to him (as it seems to every administrator) that he controlled the external actions of the inhabitants of Moscow, but it seemed to him that he controlled their mood through his proclamations and posters, written in that ironic language that the people in their midst despise and which they do not understands when he hears it from above. Rostopchin liked the beautiful role of the leader of popular feeling so much, he got used to it so much that the need to get out of this role, the need to leave Moscow without any heroic effect, took him by surprise, and he suddenly lost from under his feet the ground on which he stood, he absolutely did not know what should he do? Although he knew, he did not believe with all his soul until last minute to leave Moscow and did nothing for this purpose. Residents moved out against his wishes. If public places were removed, it was only at the request of officials, with whom the count reluctantly agreed. He himself was occupied only with the role that he made for himself. As often happens with people gifted with an ardent imagination, he knew for a long time that Moscow would be abandoned, but he knew only by reasoning, but with all his soul he did not believe in it, and was not transported by his imagination to this new situation.
All his activities, diligent and energetic (how useful it was and reflected on the people is another question), all his activities were aimed only at arousing in the residents the feeling that he himself experienced - patriotic hatred of the French and confidence in itself.
But when the event took on its real, historical dimensions, when it turned out to be insufficient to express one’s hatred of the French in words alone, when it was impossible even to express this hatred through battle, when self-confidence turned out to be useless in relation to one issue of Moscow, when the entire population, like one person, , abandoning their property, flowed out of Moscow, showing with this negative action the full strength of their national feeling - then the role chosen by Rostopchin suddenly turned out to be meaningless. He suddenly felt lonely, weak and ridiculous, without any ground under his feet.
Having received, awakened from sleep, a cold and commanding note from Kutuzov, Rastopchin felt the more irritated, the more guilty he felt. In Moscow there remained everything that had been entrusted to him, everything that was government property that he was supposed to take out. It was not possible to take everything out.
“Who is to blame for this, who allowed this to happen? - he thought. - Of course, not me. I had everything ready, I held Moscow like this! And this is what they have brought it to! Scoundrels, traitors! - he thought, not clearly defining who these scoundrels and traitors were, but feeling the need to hate these traitors who were to blame for the false and ridiculous situation in which he found himself.
All that night Count Rastopchin gave orders, for which people came to him from all sides of Moscow. Those close to him had never seen the count so gloomy and irritated.
“Your Excellency, they came from the patrimonial department, from the director for orders... From the consistory, from the Senate, from the university, from the orphanage, the vicar sent... asks... What do you order about the fire brigade? The warden from the prison... the warden from the yellow house..." - they reported to the count all night, without stopping.
To all these questions the count gave short and angry answers, showing that his orders were no longer needed, that all the work he had carefully prepared had now been ruined by someone, and that this someone would bear full responsibility for everything that would happen now.
“Well, tell this idiot,” he answered a request from the patrimonial department, “so that he remains guarding his papers.” Why are you asking nonsense about the fire brigade? If there are horses, let them go to Vladimir. Don't leave it to the French.
- Your Excellency, the warden from the insane asylum has arrived, as you order?
- How will I order? Let everyone go, that’s all... And let the crazy people out in the city. When our armies are commanded by crazy people, that’s what God ordered.
When asked about the convicts who were sitting in the pit, the count angrily shouted at the caretaker:
- Well, should I give you two battalions of a convoy that doesn’t exist? Let them in, and that’s it!
– Your Excellency, there are political ones: Meshkov, Vereshchagin.
- Vereshchagin! Is he not hanged yet? - shouted Rastopchin. - Bring him to me.
By nine o'clock in the morning, when the troops had already moved through Moscow, no one else came to ask the count's orders. Everyone who could go did so of their own accord; those who remained decided with themselves what they had to do.
The count ordered the horses to be brought in to go to Sokolniki, and, frowning, yellow and silent, with folded hands, he sat in his office.
In calm, not stormy times, it seems to every administrator that it is only through his efforts that the entire population under his control moves, and in this consciousness of his necessity, every administrator feels the main reward for his labors and efforts. It is clear that as long as the historical sea is calm, the ruler-administrator, with his fragile boat resting his pole against the ship of the people and himself moving, must seem to him that through his efforts the ship he is resting against is moving. But as soon as a storm arises, the sea becomes agitated and the ship itself moves, then delusion is impossible. The ship moves with its enormous, independent speed, the pole does not reach the moving ship, and the ruler suddenly goes from the position of a ruler, a source of strength, into an insignificant, useless and weak person.
Rastopchin felt this, and it irritated him. The police chief, who was stopped by the crowd, together with the adjutant, who came to report that the horses were ready, entered the count. Both were pale, and the police chief, reporting the execution of his assignment, said that in the count’s courtyard there was a huge crowd of people who wanted to see him.
Rastopchin, without answering a word, stood up and quickly walked into his luxurious, bright living room, walked up to the balcony door, grabbed the handle, left it and moved to the window, from which the whole crowd could be seen more clearly. A tall fellow stood in the front rows and with a stern face, waving his hand, said something. The bloody blacksmith stood next to him with a gloomy look. The hum of voices could be heard through the closed windows.
- Is the crew ready? - said Rastopchin, moving away from the window.
“Ready, your Excellency,” said the adjutant.
Rastopchin again approached the balcony door.
- What do they want? – he asked the police chief.
- Your Excellency, they say that they were going to go against the French on your orders, they shouted something about treason. But a violent crowd, your Excellency. I left by force. Your Excellency, I dare to suggest...
“If you please, go, I know what to do without you,” Rostopchin shouted angrily. He stood at the balcony door, looking out at the crowd. “This is what they did to Russia! This is what they did to me!” - thought Rostopchin, feeling an uncontrollable anger rising in his soul against someone who could be attributed to the cause of everything that happened. As often happens with hot-tempered people, anger was already possessing him, but he was looking for another subject for it. “La voila la populace, la lie du peuple,” he thought, looking at the crowd, “la plebe qu"ils ont soulevee par leur sottise. Il leur faut une victime, [“Here he is, people, these scum of the population, the plebeians, whom they raised with their stupidity! They need a victim."] - it occurred to him, looking at the tall fellow waving his hand. And for the same reason it came to his mind that he himself needed this victim, this object for his anger.
Alevtina Khorinyak
Achievement in 2014: Therapist Alevtina Khorinyak achieved a plea of innocence on charges of illegal trafficking potent substances because of a prescription given to a dying cancer patient.
Age: 73 years old
Family status: Married
A woman doctor from Krasnoyarsk has been working as a doctor for more than 50 years. In 2009, Alevtina Khorinyak prescribed the painkiller Tramal to a terminally ill cancer patient and was subjected to criminal prosecution for this. The trial lasted three years, Khorinyak faced up to 10 years in prison. But Khorinyak herself did not admit guilt, fought to the last and continued to actively defend the rights of doctors who today have difficulty prescribing painkillers. On October 21, the Krasnoyarsk court acquitted Alevtina Khorinyak.
“Alevtina Petrovna Khorinyak is a very integral person,” says Ekaterina Chistyakova, director charitable foundation"Gift a life". “It’s people like her, devotees, who change the world for the better.” And we can only help them a little."
Quote:“Our entire system is simply an insult to the doctor as a person. Firstly, the doctor is a hostage to the presumption of guilt. If a person comes to the attention of any law enforcement agencies, he will not get out without an article. I have experienced this in my life. Secondly, the Russian doctors are hostages of an absolutely perverted system of care" (in an interview with the website pravmir.ru).
Miriam Mirzakhani
Achievement in 2014: Became the world's first woman to win the Fields Medal in mathematics
Age: 37 years
Family status: married, daughter
The Fields Medal is the most prestigious international prize and a medal in mathematics, awarded every four years. For the first time in the 78 years of its existence, the award was received by a woman - Mariam Mirzakhani, a professor at Stanford University and a native of Iran. The award was given to her for “outstanding contributions to the dynamics and geometry of Riemann surfaces and the theory of their moduli spaces.” Miriam claims that mathematics is the most creative profession.
Quote:“My three-year-old daughter thinks I’m an artist because when I solve geometric problems, I draw strange pictures with a pen” (in Wired magazine).
Park Geun-hye
Achievement in 2014: South Korea's first female president apologized to her citizens in 2014 and pleaded guilty to the sinking of the Sewol.
Age: 52 years old
Family status: Single
Daughter of assassinated President Park Chung-hee (presidential term 1963-1979) and the first female president of South Korea. Park Geun-hye made an official statement that she pleaded guilty to the sinking of the Sewol ship on April 16, 2014, and personally participated in the investigation into the causes of the disaster. The tragedy claimed the lives of 304 passengers, mostly students high school. After the disaster, Park Geun-hye took a number of measures: she disbanded the coast guard and created the Ministry of National Security in its place, and also fired seven ministers. The main culprit of the tragedy - the 68-year-old captain, one of the first to leave the sinking Sewol - was sentenced to 36 years in prison.
Quote:“The sole responsibility for the insufficient response to what happened lies with me.”
Amal Alamuddin Clooney
Achievement in 2014: She married confirmed bachelor George Clooney, a 53-year-old actor who declared that he was “not cut out for family life.”
Age: 36 years
Family status: Married
Successful British lawyer Amal Alamuddin managed to conquer Hollywood's most famous bachelor, George Clooney. They met in the fall of 2013 at an event for a charitable foundation, of which Clooney is one of the trustees. The wedding took place in Venice in September 2014. But of course, marriage is not Amal’s main achievement. She is an experienced lawyer specializing in international law, criminal law and in matters of human rights protection. Among her clients are WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange and former Ukrainian Prime Minister Yulia Tymoshenko.
Quote:“I really hope that even at this early stage of our marriage, I have enough wisdom. I believe it is my husband's right to choose what he wants to support and what he does not." (at a press conference in Athens regarding the return of the Parthenon sculptures from Britain to Greece).
Dilma Rousseff
Achievement in 2014: Re-elected to a second term as President of Brazil
Age: 67 years old
Family status: divorced, daughter
Brazil's first female president, Dilma Rousseff, was re-elected to another four-year term in October 2014. Back in 2012, Rousseff said at the Forbes Power Women forum that she had no plans to run for president again. The main tasks of the new presidential term are to accelerate economic growth and stimulate entrepreneurial activity.
Quote:"When I was a child, I played volleyball. I'm not like that swipe, but I knew how to block opponents" (in an interview with Forbes).
Galina Timchenko
Achievement in 2014: Created a new media project Meduza
Age: 52 years old
Job title: journalist
In March 2014, Galina Timchenko was fired from the post of editor-in-chief of Lenta.ru, which she held for ten years. Timchenko was fired without explanation by the publication's investor, Alexander Mamut, which coincided with Roskomnadzor issuing a warning to the publication. The department's claims were caused by a reference to an interview with Right Sector leader Dmitry Yarosh in a material by Lenta.ru journalist Ilya Azar. Following Timchenko, she left Lenta.ru most of employees, more than 70 people. Within six months, Timchenko launched online media - the Meduza project, registered in Latvia. Timchenko holds the position and general director, and the editor-in-chief of the publication. Just two months after launch, the Meduza website’s audience reached almost 2 million unique visitors per month, mobile applications used by more than 100,000 people.
Quote:“We will act flexibly. The more quality sources we have, the more we aggregate. If it suddenly turns out that other media write less and stop lists become even longer, we will expand towards our own content (at Forbes).”
Elena Rybolovleva
Achievement in 2014: He is trying to enforce the decision of the Geneva court of first instance, which ordered billionaire Dmitry Rybolovlev to give his ex-wife almost half of his fortune - $4.5 billion in cash.
Age: 48 years old
Family status: divorced
The trial on the division of property between the former actual owner of Uralkali Dmitry Rybolovlev and his ex-wife Elena has been going on since 2008. This year, Elena could take first place in the ranking of the richest women in the world with a fortune of $5.1 billion. In May 2014, the Geneva court of first instance ordered Rybolovlev to give his ex-wife almost half of his fortune - $4.5 billion in cash. This is the largest amount in the history of divorce proceedings in the world. The court also ordered Rybolovlev to transfer to his ex-wife real estate in the Geneva district of Cologny, jewelry and art objects worth $560 million. But since Rybolovlev transferred his assets to the management of the trust three years before the start of the divorce, and appointed two daughters as beneficiaries, it was not possible to achieve payment of the money failed. The court recognized that the assets transferred by Rybolovlev in the interests of the heirs to the trust are not subject to division.
Quote:“I became a procedural opponent of my husband” (in an interview with the Swiss newspaper Le Temps).
Alina Kabaeva
Achievement in 2014: Appointed Chairman of the Board of Directors of the National Media Group
Age: 31 year
Family status: Single
This year, the public expected that Alina Kabaeva could become the first lady of the Russian Federation. But instead, Kabaeva left the political scene altogether. In September, Kabaeva wrote a statement about her resignation as a State Duma deputy from the United Russia party. Kabaeva explained her departure from the position she held for seven years with an offer of another job. Another job is the post of chairman of the board of directors of the National Media Group, whose revenue last year amounted to almost 15 billion rubles. This is Russia's largest private media holding, which controls Channel 5 and Ren-TV. In addition, NMG owns a 25% stake in Channel One and is a co-owner of the News Media holding, which owns the Izvestia newspaper, the Life News TV channel, the Life and Your Day newspapers, the Russian News Service radio station and other media. However, so far Kabaeva has not publicly shown herself in any way in her new role.
Quote:“Everyone should have your little secrets, I have them too” (in an interview with the Sobesednik newspaper).
Michelle Howard
Achievement in 2014: Became the first female admiral in the history of the US Navy
Age: 54 years old
Family status: Married
On July 1, 2014, Michelle Howard became the first woman in the 236-year history of the U.S. Navy to be promoted to the rank of four-star admiral and vice chief of naval operations. The peacetime rank of admiral is the highest in the US Navy.
Howard has served in the U.S. Navy for 32 years. She graduated from the Naval Academy in 1982. In 1999, she became the first African American woman to command a warship, the amphibious assault ship USS Rushmore. Howard also became the first African-American woman in the entire Army to reach three stars. In the past, she has been deployed to Indonesia for tsunami rescue, deployed to maritime security operations in the Arabian Strait and led an anti-piracy team. In this post, on the third day of work, she led the operation to rescue Captain Phillips from captivity by Somali pirates. The film “Captain Phillips” was later made about this operation.
Quote:"There are many in the world good ideas. You need to be more attentive to the work of others, have the courage to ask people about their work. And then think about how their methods can be used in your field" (in Forbes).
Elizabeth Holmes
Achievement in 2014: Became the youngest female billionaire on the Forbes 400 list
Age: 31 year
Family status: unmarried, no children
The youngest woman on The Forbes 400, Holmes dropped out of her sophomore year at Stanford University in 2003 to use college funds to found Theranos. Her company's laboratories quickly conduct blood tests, and the cost of their work is several times lower than the cost of commercial laboratories. Last year, Walgreens announced plans to open Theranos Wellness Centers at its locations. Venture capitalists have currently invested $400 million in the company. Theranos Wellness is today valued at $9 billion. Holmes herself, also called “Jobs in a skirt,” was estimated by American Forbes at $4.5 billion.
Quote:“Some investors had to be turned away because they wanted quick returns” (in Forbes).
Malala Yousafzai
Achievement in 2014: Became the youngest Nobel Prize laureate
Age: 17 years
Family status: Single
In October 2014, 17-year-old Malala Yousafzai received Nobel Prize world and became the youngest laureate in the history of the award. While Malala lived in Pakistan, she actively opposed the Taliban's decision to deny girls the right to education. In 2009, at the age of 12, Yousafzai began writing a blog for the BBC, in which she talked about her life in Pakistan and how the Taliban prohibited girls from studying. In 2012, the Taliban tried to shoot Malala, but the girl miraculously survived. Malala Yousafzai now lives in England, studying at regular school and continues to fight for equality. In 2012, she founded the Malala Fund, which helps girls and women around the world get an education.
Quote:“We all want terrorists to stop wars, conflicts and stop hating people. But then we shouldn't hate them either and shouldn't be cruel to them. This is my philosophy" (in Forbes).
Emma Watson
Achievement in 2014: In July, she became a UN Goodwill Ambassador and gave a memorable speech in defense of women's rights at UN headquarters.
Age: 24 years
Family status: Single
Actress, Hermione Granger in the Harry Potter films and UN Goodwill Ambassador Emma Watson gave an 11-minute speech on feminism and women's rights in Geneva on September 20, 2014, introducing the He for She campaign. The main part of Emma Watson's speech was an appeal to men who, according to her, are not fewer women suffer from gender stereotypes and whose role is especially important.
Quote:“It is usually not customary to say that men are enslaved by the stereotypes and prejudices of society, however, this is so. It is necessary to discard these stereotypes, free yourself from them, and then naturally in better side The position of women will also change: if a man is not obliged, according to public opinion, to show aggression, a woman will not have to show submission. It's time to stop pitting men and women against each other, it's time to find the freedom to be yourself. This is exactly what the He For She project is dedicated to."
Alevtina Khorinyak. Frame: YouTube
Doctor Alevtina Khorinyak, accused of illegal trafficking in potent substances due to a prescription written to a dying cancer patient, was found not guilty after three years of trial.
This is such a miracle, I still can’t come to my senses. This is just a miracle.
I think that it is impossible to say unambiguously here. I thought about what this was for, why... It was only a year later, probably after the first verdict, that I saw the hand of God in this. And when some changes began: there was unrest somewhere, doctors began to realize that they were humiliated and could not help the patients, they were helpless... And as a result, look at their self-awareness: about three thousand doctors signed . What a breakthrough this is!
I think that journalists also played a huge role - especially in bringing this to the attention of those in power.
I have already forgotten how it goes [the announcement of the verdict. – Open Russia]. When the judge read the verdict today, I again heard the same phrases as the prosecutor, and I already had the thought: “Well, that’s it, we have to start all over again.” It was as if I stood in front of a concrete wall again.
It's [possible. – Open Russia] only because God opened all hearts, involved everyone possible, and everyone worked for my justification.
The doctors have already gotten used to it. For example, one of my doctors prescribed it for her son, a drug addict - he was suffering, he had withdrawal symptoms! He screams in pain. She was tried in a special manner, sentenced to a fine and criminal charges. And they got indicators for themselves. Many doctors, of course, are afraid of this: that they admit guilt, they write whatever articles they want, and then they immediately give them a fine, for example, ten thousand. And that’s it, and they sit with these criminal records.
I think there has been a huge breakthrough, because doctors are now writing everywhere and expressing their pain. When he is alone in the clinic among everyone, it’s one thing. And when it’s already at this level...
This united doctors and gave them the opportunity to return to self-awareness: that they were doctors, not service personnel. We were compared to service personnel, and naturally, this is the attitude towards us. The same as with teachers. Instead of being the fundamental link of our country, politics, and entire existence. What happens? Everyone is afraid, downtrodden. We still have this fear.
The State Drug Control Service goes to pharmacies, and those who are engaged in legal trafficking sit in pharmacies. As the manager told me, the colonel sat in the pharmacy for two months and selected Khorinyak’s prescriptions. And in all pharmacies they did this. This has never happened before. Until 2011, they did not go to pharmacies, and then, apparently, they saw that it was very easy to assign articles to doctors. But I think that the self-awareness of doctors will still rise: that if, for example, our management does not purchase drugs, then these issues need to be raised.
At the legislative level, I look at all this, and I understand that the correct thought was expressed by Vyacheslav Apanasenko [Rear Admiral Vyacheslav Apanasenko, who suffered from pancreatic cancer, shot himself in the head with an award pistol on February 6, 2014 after his wife died due to bureaucratic delays couldn’t get a prescription for painkillers at the district clinic – Open Russia]: that the government and the Ministry of Health are to blame. Our local ministry is completely subordinate and cannot decide anything on its own. And they just sit in their chairs and carry out the will from above. Everything comes from there - from Moscow, from the management, and they control the movement of finances, what to buy and how much.
Preferential assistance to the sick is such a farce. They all switched to Russian-made drugs. For example, I cannot trust drugs that are manufactured in the Moscow region: Petushinsky district, some village. Or Leningrad region, some area. Where did the huge pharmaceutical factories go? Patients receive these drugs, but they do not help them. And they are forced to buy imported drugs, but what can they buy with this pension? Sometimes I even... I had a case where I went on vacation, and the patient was left without the drug. And he says: “I will contact the ministry, how will I survive without the drug?” I say: “Well, I prescribed you a substitute.” - “Let them take this substitute themselves.” And in the end, I went to the pharmacy and bought her the drug for 700 rubles, because she couldn’t buy it for herself with a pension of 5-6 thousand.
Maybe this preferential provision will be removed soon? It’s time, I think, to remove it and make adequate, normal prices for drugs in pharmacies. These prices are 10 times higher for sure. These companies make money out of thin air.
I just came to work, I’m sitting, looking at papers, and my thoughts are flying. different sides. And you still have to take on challenges.
I think that something will change after all, this is very cool.
The story of Elena Misyurina, sentenced to two years after the death of her patient, is on everyone’s lips. Let us remind you that at the end of January, a hematologist from Moscow was found guilty by the court in the death of a woman. Due to the fact that a few days before the death of the patient, Misyurina performed a procedure on her - trepanobiopsy. It is being discussed in medical circles, on social networks...
Alevtina Khorinyak, a therapist with 50 years of experience from Krasnoyarsk, takes it all “through herself.” Her story also thundered throughout the country: Alevtina Khorinyak was sentenced to 3.5 years for writing out a prescription for painkillers for a cancer patient, although she had no right to do so (the time when the patient ran out of medicine fell on the weekend, and he did not could apply for a prescription at the clinic. Therefore, the relatives rushed for help to a familiar local therapist, because the patient’s torment was unbearable, he simply could not bear it until the end of the weekend). However, Themis is blind and deaf: Khorinyak was accused of selling potent drugs, actually registering herself as a drug dealer. She faced 8 years.
“Doctor from God” was found guilty in court and fined. But she appealed the verdict over and over again. In the end, Alevtina Petrovna was acquitted. Thanks, among other things, to the enormous public response that the story received. Moreover, it was after this incident that amendments to the law were adopted to facilitate access to narcotic painkillers. The media called it the Apanasenko-Khorinyak law (retired rear admiral Vyacheslav Apanasenko committed suicide, unable to bear the terrible pain due to lack of drugs). And Alevtina Khorinyak was chosen as “Woman of the Year 2014” by Forbes. Now she is 75, but she has not worked at the site for only two years, until recently she visited patients.
Therefore, when the story with Dr. Misyurina broke, we called Alevtina Petrovna.
The doctor is constantly under attack
Alevtina Petrovna, you, like no one else, can understand what Dr. Misyurina is going through now...
Certainly. I remember the confusion, pain, and misunderstanding I felt when it all started. You understand, the doctor is constantly in very difficult conditions. He can put himself at risk even by simply doing his duty. This is what happened with Elena. And here is the result: she was sentenced to two years! Of course, this is unacceptable. After all, the patient had such terrible diagnosis. The bleeding could open at any moment. Such patients live, as they say, on the edge of a knife.
- 3.5 years of “hell” legal proceedings. If you went back to 2009, would you write out that ill-fated prescription?
Without hesitation. I cared for this patient for more than 20 years. Even though it's not on my property. His mother knew him and always supported him. An elderly woman who devoted her whole life to her disabled son. She couldn't have done it on her own.
And before the May holidays it turned out that the patient had no medicine. And without drugs they simply cannot stand it, unbearable pain begins.
I didn’t even doubt: I have the right to write out a prescription for a paid medicine, tramadol. After all, until 2009 it was freely sold in pharmacies. The ban order came later. And in 2011 state drug control I went to pharmacies to pick up prescriptions for two years. And they found two of mine. For one number. Why two, they immediately became wary. And why should a “stranger” patient? A criminal group, it dawned on them. It was not me who bought the medicine, but a friend, Lidiya Tabarintseva. Why two recipes? We did it just in case there wasn’t a certain dosage. That's how it all started.
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Alevtina Khorinyak. Maria LENZ
“Bring it to court on a stretcher!”
- Do you regret that everything turned out this way?
It was very difficult at first. I saw that everything was leading to me being condemned. Nobody listens to anything, they don’t delve into it. And I came with with an open heart. The desire to tell everything. And there one investigator is good, the other is evil. One persuades: “It’s clear, you were mistaken, but you also wanted to earn extra money.” Another shouts: “You should be judged!” I was so depressed.
And then I reconciled myself. I am a believer. I decided: let them put me in prison. And there are people there, they need help. They need to talk about faith. I couldn't have done it without God.
In addition, at the end of 2010 I was operated on for lung cancer. After the operation, there was simply no time to do chemotherapy. I worked, I have 1,700 people in my area, I know everyone by sight.
And in March 2011, they summoned me to appear in court. And I tell my loved ones: “I don’t know how everything will turn out, but if anything happens, take it there on a stretcher! I will testify against an unfair trial.” And my patients - from the site - collected 600 signatures in a few days. They set up pickets on the porch of the court to protect me. And everything worked out, God was merciful.
If not me, then who?
Alevtina Petrovna, how do you think, can the high-profile case of Elena Misyurina influence doctors? On their readiness emergency to take risks?
I guess so. I admit that someone will try to take less responsibility in difficult situation. Although... it wouldn't affect me. Maybe because I continue the family dynasty. Mom was a nurse, nursing soldiers who were brought from the front. She told me this after the war! But that didn't turn me off.
I dreamed of being a doctor. Already at the age of 18 she worked as a paramedic. I remember once a lumberjack was brought in with his head crushed by a log. Open wound, there are bone fragments in it. The nearest hospital is 50 kilometers away. It was necessary to ride a trolley on a narrow-gauge railway. What if I didn’t make it?
And I decided to operate on him myself. She administered a painkiller. She removed the fragments and stitched up the wound. Thank God everything went well. Three days later, I finally took the guy to the surgeon, to the local hospital. He just gasped: “You’re lucky that he survived!” But don't do that again. The paramedic should not perform any operations.” But then, perhaps, it was the only way out.
You know, it seems to me that being a doctor is not a profession. For me this is my whole life. My phone doesn’t stop ringing today, even though I’m officially no longer working. They ask for advice and help. And I try not to refuse anyone.
Alevtina Petrovna Khorinyak(born October 15, 1942, Krasnoyarsk) - Russian doctor who was subject to criminal prosecution for violating job description prescribing a painkiller for a cancer patient. The “Khorinyak case” about forgery of documents and illegal trafficking of potent substances, which lasted three years (2011-2014) and ended with an acquittal “due to the lack of corpus delicti in the actions”, caused a wide resonance in the Russian and global medical community and the public and served as an impetus to make adjustments to Russian legislation.
Biography
Alevtina Petrovna Khorinyak was born in 1942 in Krasnoyarsk. In 1963 she graduated from the Kirov Medical School, then Krasnoyarsk medical University. She worked as a phthisiatrician for twenty-three years - in the oncology department of the Krasnoyarsk Regional Clinical Hospital, the regional tuberculosis dispensary, and the city tuberculosis dispensary. After her retirement in 1994, she was invited to work as a local therapist at city clinic No. 4. Living and working in the region for decades, A.P. Khorinyak treated many families in four generations, becoming their family doctor.
She converted to Christianity in the mid-1990s.
"The Khorinyak Case"
At the end of April 2009, A.P. Khorinyak was contacted by relatives of a prisoner. terminal stage a cancer patient who has run out of the painkiller Tramadol he has been taking regularly. The patient was assigned to another site. The problem was that, according to the law, a group I disabled person was entitled to free medications, but Tramadol was not available under federal benefits in city pharmacies, so the local doctor had no right to write out another preferential prescription. The issuance of a paid prescription, which the relatives requested, was a “violation of the patient’s rights” to free medical care in accordance with the “State Guarantee Program”.
Khorinyak, who had been observing the family for twenty years and knew the patient’s medical history in detail, wrote out a paid prescription. The drug in the indicated dosage was not available at the pharmacy, and the next day she wrote out another prescription. At the end of May, the subsidized medicine appeared in pharmacies, and the attending physician continued to prescribe the drug to the patient until his death in June 2011.
In July 2011, during an inspection of pharmacies by the State Drug Control Service, the prescriptions were discovered. A criminal case was opened. The case of A.P. Khorinyak was considered in the Oktyabrsky District Court of Krasnoyarsk, Krasnoyarsk Regional Court. A close friend of the patient’s family, who purchased the medicine according to both prescriptions, was also an accomplice of the accused in the case.
The defendants were charged with “forgery<…>an official document granting rights for the purpose of its use, committed with the aim of facilitating the commission of another crime" (Part 2 of Article 327 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation) and "illegal acquisition, storage for the purpose of sale and direct sale of potent substances" committed by the "group persons by prior conspiracy on a large scale” (Part 3 of Article 234 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation).
The prosecution insisted on 9 years in prison. In May 2013, the Oktyabrsky District Court issued a guilty verdict and a fine of 15 thousand rubles was imposed on the defendants. Khorinyak did not admit her guilt and continued to fight. The question for her was not the amount of the fine, but rather proof of her innocence.
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