Colored indicator of blood formula. The color index of blood is lowered: reasons. Reasons for deviation from the norm

The color index of blood is an important characteristic that is used during the study of blood cells, erythrocytes and other components. It is he who indicates the qualitative composition of the red liquid. Thanks to special tests in laboratory conditions, it is possible to determine the color index (CPK), calculate its norm and possible deviations. A special formula is used to measure the amount of red blood cells and hemoglobin in the serum. This information is intended for further diagnosis of various diseases. What is the color index of blood and how it is calculated, we will consider below.

CPC is determined during a laboratory study of a general blood test of a patient. The value is calculated using the following formula:

Blood Color Index = (3 × Hb / A) / 100%

Where, Hb denotes the amount of hemoglobin, A - the number of red blood cells in 1 μl.

((3 x 135) / 4.28) / 100 = 0.95

The norm of the color index of blood in an adult is in the range from 0.85 to 1.05 units. The example shows that the value of the CPC for the subject is within the permissible limits. This means that the patient does not have a disease such as anemia. To identify other diseases, it is important to consider the size of the red blood cells and the amount of hemoglobin in each blood cell. If the color indicator is normal, but at the same time the level of erythrocytes and hemoglobin fluctuates, then the calculations make it possible to assume that a person has some pathology.

In newborn infants, the norm of the color indicator differs from that of adults and is characterized by a large range. From birth to the 1st month of life, the color index of blood in children normally reaches 1.2. This is due to the fact that in newborns, cells with fetal hemoglobin are still present in the circulatory system. From one year to five years, the CPU decreases to the level of 0.8. In the blood of a child from 5 to 10 years old, a value is established that normally corresponds to an adult.

If the color indicator is determined within the normal range, then this condition is called normochromia.

Exceeding the norm of hemoglobin

An important component of blood is hemoglobin. Its designation plays a key role in CPU computing. It is he who gives it a red color and carries out the transport of protein. Hemoglobin helps oxygenate the blood from the lungs. When a person's bone marrow stops producing enough red blood cells, a disease such as anemia (anemia) develops. It is possible to identify this pathology only by conducting a clinical blood test, the color indicator of which will differ significantly from the permissible norm.

All over the world, scientists are studying the causes that provoke various pathologies of the circulatory system. Medical research shows that more than a quarter of the world's population suffers from anemia. World statistics show that anemia is fatal in about 200,000 cases. This blood pathology most often occurs in women, especially during pregnancy. Children and elderly people also suffer from anemia.

Anemia occurs due to oxygen starvation of cells. Without oxygen, their basic functions are disrupted, which leads to their mass death. The lack of oxygen negatively affects all organs and tissues in the human body. Analysis in such a situation will show a low color index of blood.

In some cases, an abnormality occurs when the amount of hemoglobin in the blood serum increases sharply, despite the fact that the number of red cells themselves is small. In such cases, the indicator in the blood test exceeds 1.1 units. Hyperchromic anemia sets in. The causes of such a disorder may be the following disorders:

Lack of vitamin B12;
Development of a malignant tumor;
Autoimmune diseases.

Hyperchromic anemia is often defined by symptoms such as:

Pale skin, especially lips and eyelids;
Chronic fatigue;
Dizziness, migraine;
Brittle nails and hair;
Tachycardia, cardiac arrhythmia;
Chest pain;
Cold extremities.

If the disease is at the very beginning of its development, then it can be practically asymptomatic. The only warning sign may be a temporary loss of appetite. Only the calculation of the color index of blood in this situation can confirm the onset of the disorder leading to anemia.

Decrease in the level of hemoglobin in the blood

If the index of the color index of blood during the general analysis is found to be less than 0.8 units, then this indicates that the level of red cells is reduced. There is a deficiency of such a trace element in the blood as iron. It is it that takes an active part in the formation of new red blood cells. The level of hemoglobin sharply decreases, and pathologically altered and defective cells are also found. In this case, microcytic anemia is diagnosed, which is confirmed by the calculation of CP.

Among the most common causes of blood disease associated with iron deficiency, doctors cite the following:

Lack of iron in the body;
Pregnancy period;
Menstruation that is too painful and too heavy;
Internal bleeding.

The color index of blood is lowered in a child who suffers from renal failure. It is this disease that is often the cause of the development of anemia in children. In such a situation, an additional analysis of the child's urine and an ultrasound examination of the kidneys are performed.

If the degree of anemia is mild and the disease is at an early stage of development, then most often it may be accompanied simply by increased fatigue and a slight headache. But when the pathology becomes more severe, the patient experiences the following dangerous symptoms:

Breathing becomes difficult and rapid;
Heart beats violently;
The face and skin of the hands become noticeably pale;
The child may have frequent recurrences of conjunctivitis.

Anemia, provoked by a lack of iron in the blood, is treated by replenishing the deficiency of this trace element. Iron medications are easily absorbed in the body, so they are prescribed at the first sign of anemia. After the course of treatment is over, it is important to recalculate the color index of the blood. This will provide an opportunity to see how effective the treatment therapy has been.

The mild form of the disease implies a correction of the patient's lifestyle and adherence to a special diet rich in vitamins and microelements. All this helps to restore the required level of hemoglobin and red blood cells in the blood. The restored internal balance restores health and energizes. The adjustments will gradually increase the color index, the calculation in the blood test will confirm this.

If the disease becomes too severe, then the patient will be helped only by the blood transfusion procedure carried out in the special conditions of the hospital.

The study of the clinical manifestation of anemia shows that most often it is women who lose iron in the blood. Men suffer from low hemoglobin levels much less frequently.

In order to avoid the risk of any type of anemia, it is important to lead a healthy lifestyle. Physical activity that is dosed and regular, as well as a balanced diet, will keep the function of hematopoiesis in the body under control. In any case, it is important to conduct a medical examination at least 2 times a year, to donate blood for analysis even if there are minor signs of malaise. Calculation of the color index of blood will help to determine the onset of the disease in time and take the necessary measures to eliminate the disease.

CP characterizes saturation of erythrocytes with hemoglobin

The color index (CP) characterizes the saturation of erythrocytes with hemoglobin. It is used in the differential diagnosis of various types of anemias. According to the WHO, 24.8% of the world's population is affected by anemia worldwide. Timely identification of anemia and its causes allows you to effectively fight this pathology.

Red blood cells are the main elements of the circulatory system, they deliver oxygen bound by hemoglobin to all tissues of the body. With a decrease in the number of erythrocytes or the concentration of hemoglobin in them, the functioning of the immune system is disrupted, negative processes begin to occur that affect all organs. The body, as compensation, increases the number of contractions of the heart muscle for faster blood circulation, which increases the risk of pathologies of the cardiovascular system.

The CP level reflects the ratio of hemoglobin and erythrocytes. You can calculate the indicator using the formula: 3 * Hb / RBC.

The tripled number of hemoglobin in g / l must be divided by the number of red blood cells, taking into account the first 3 digits of the RBC indicator. When the RBC result is presented as two digits, that is, an integer and a tenth after the decimal point, 0 is added to the tenth, and the comma is removed to make 3 digits. If the RBC = 5.2 cells / L, this would look like 520 to calculate the CPU.

For example, a patient has a hemoglobin level of 140 hl / l, and the number of erythrocytes is 4.7 cells / l. Calculate CPU: 3 * 140/470 = 0.89

CPU rates

CPU level is determined on an automatic analyzer

CPU normative values = 0.86 - 1.05.

The CP parameter is proportional to the MCH value (average hemoglobin content in the erythrocyte). The MCH is measured on an automated analyzer, while the CPU is calculated from a manual analysis. The MCH result is presented in picograms, the norm of this indicator is 27 - 33 pg, while the value of 33 pg was determined as a conventional unit reflecting the optimal hemoglobin content in the erythrocyte. This conditional unit is the CPU, that is, ideally, the analysis result should be 1. Deviations below the optimal value should not fall below 0.86 and rise above 1.05. However, the normal values may vary slightly depending on the laboratory, so the guideline values should be viewed on the analysis form.

How cpu level affects red blood cell size

CP level correlates with red blood cell size

The size of functional erythrocytes is 7 - 8 microns. Such shaped elements are called normocytes, that is, normal erythrocytes. If the diameter is less than 6.9 microns, these are microcytes, from 8 to 12 microns - macrocytes. Such cells are unable to perform their tasks at the proper level, which provokes a lack of oxygen in the tissues. Deviations in the CP level are most often accompanied by a change in the size of erythrocytes.

According to the CP indicator, there are 3 types of anemia:

Hypochromic (cpu< 0,86). Включают анемии, которые сопровождаются уменьшением размера эритроцита. При этом показатель МСНС (средняя концентрация гемоглобина в эритроците) находится в норме, а МСН снижается за счёт того, что в кровяном русле циркулируют преимущественно микроциты.
Normochromic. They are characterized by normal values of both MCHS, MCH, and other erythrocyte indices. The diameter of the cells does not change, the content and concentration of hemoglobin does not change. This group includes anemia, accompanied by a decrease in the number of red blood cells.
Hyperchromic (CP> 1.05). They differ in the presence of macrocytes, in which much more hemoglobin molecules fit, which reflects an increased CP index. Despite the seemingly beneficial effect, this phenomenon also leads to anemia. Large red blood cells are abnormal cells with impaired functionality, they quickly die, provoking an oxygen deficiency in the body.

Reasons for the reduced rate

Anemia is the cause of decreased CPU levels

A decreased CP value indicates the presence of hypochromic anemia. This is the general name for pathologies, including:

iron deficiency anemia;
anemia associated with impaired synthesis of porphin derivatives;
anemia accompanying chronic diseases with impaired iron metabolism;
Cooley's anemia;
vitamin B6 deficiency;
lead poisoning.

Reasons for increasing CPU

B12 anemia is characterized by erythrocyte hyperchromia

An increase in the indicator indicates hyperchromic anemias, which include:

vitamin B12-deficiency anemia,
folate deficiency anemia,
autoimmune hemolytic anemia.

What analysis allows you to determine the level of CPU

CP is calculated based on data obtained from manual counting of erythrocytes and hemoglobin. The hemoglobin content is determined using a Sali hemometer, in which the blood sample under study is mixed with hydrochloric acid and brought to the normal color parameter. The amount of hemoglobin is determined using a special graduated scale.

The number of erythrocytes is detected by counting cells in the Goryaev chamber, which is a slide with slits and a microscopic mesh. The diluted blood sample is placed in the capillary spaces to fill the chamber, red blood cells are counted in 5 large and 16 small squares, then the number of cells in 1 μl of blood is obtained using the formula.

The resulting data is used to calculate the CPU using the formula above.

CPU Level Correction

Correcting the CPU level implies eliminating the cause

To normalize the CPU level, it is necessary to establish the reason for the deviation. Anemias affecting the decrease and increase in the value of CP are not an independent disease, but a consequence of any pathology. So, the cause of iron deficiency anemia can be chronic internal bleeding, impaired absorption of iron, diseases of the small intestine, exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, increased need for iron in pregnant women, malnutrition, etc. Therefore, treatment will be based not only on taking iron-containing drugs, but also on eliminating the factors that caused iron deficiency.

The same applies to other types of anemias. All of them are a reflection of other diseases that require correction. When the disease that led to the anemia is healed, the CPU will return to normal.

Not everyone knows what the color index of blood is, what it is for, how it affects a person's condition. The blood is red because red blood cells contain hemoglobin. The cells contain the amount of iron that is needed to transport oxygen to all parts of the body.

If the level of hemoglobin is less or more than the norm, then the color of the blood and its quality also change. This speaks of the pathological processes occurring in the body.

Properties and role of hemoglobin

The complex protein hemoglobin has different functions:

Ferrous ions inside the protein are responsible for binding oxygen in the lungs.
Hemoglobin is involved in the delivery of vital oxygen to the tissues, taking carbon dioxide from there.
The resulting carbohemoglobin is transported by blood cells to the lungs.
To maintain the acid-base balance in the body at the level of 7.4, one cannot do without red pigment.
Along with regulating blood viscosity, protein helps the tissues stay hydrated, thereby reducing oncotic pressure.
Among the harmful features of hemoglobin is that it easily binds to carbon monoxide. Therefore, even a small concentration of the lethal substance will lead to the death of the organism.
When the red pigment enters the plasma, it leads to oxygen starvation, called hypoxia, and the body is poisoned by waste products.

The color index of blood (CP) indicates the degree of saturation of erythrocytes with hemoglobin. Depending on the amount of red pigment, the color saturation of the blood also changes.

Red blood cells can be full of protein or travel light. Both conditions are dangerous.

About the CP formula and its norm

CP is a quantity indicating the amount of hemoglobin in one blood cell, an erythrocyte. It is calculated through a general blood test. The equation is made based on the number of red blood cells.

For calculations, digital values of the hemoglobin level are used. The calculation is based on how the hemoglobin index relates to the first three numbers of the value of the level of red blood cells.

Hemoglobin data are multiplied by three and divided by the quantitative value of erythrocytes. The result obtained is rounded to two decimal places. The designation in the blood test is in picograms.

Normally, the indicator reaches values from 0.85 to 1.05. Experts understand what it is. This means that one red blood cell is filled with 27 or 33.4 picograms of protein. A blood count of 33 pg is considered important.

In a child under 12 years old, the norm is slightly different:

0.75-0.96 - from birth to three years;
0.8-1.0 - from the age of four.

Accordingly, deviations from the normal indicator are also interpreted differently.

Reasons for the increase

When there are changes in the blood towards an increase in viscosity, the calculation of the color index shows that the red cells are overflowing with hemoglobin, but their number decreases.

The reasons for the increased hemoglobin lie in the development:

malignant tumors whose cells need oxygen;
heart defects;
bronchial asthma and heart failure;
poisoning with toxins;
liver disease;
intestinal obstruction;
infections.

In this case, the specialist identifies the amount of glycohemoglobin, which indicates an increase in glucose levels. The patient is developing complications of diabetes mellitus, retinopathy, nephropathy.

An increase in the number of abnormally swollen red blood cells, or macrocytosis, can be considered the result of both malignant tumors and a lack of vitamins B9 and B12 in the body.

Among the symptoms of hyperchromic anemia, when the CP is elevated, note:

pallor and coldness of the skin;
constant feeling of fatigue, physical weakness;
increased heart rate;
complication of the swallowing process;
headache;
sleep disorders.

The formula for hyperchromic anemia gives a result above 1.05 units.

Cause and symptoms of hypochromic anemia

Iron deficiency causes anemia of the hypochromic type. The hemoglobin level is lowered when the number of erythrocytes is acceptable. In women, this type of anemia is more common, as it occurs due to blood loss during heavy menstruation, after childbirth.

Pregnancy is also a provoking factor in the development of anemia. The elderly and children suffer from iron deficiency anemia.

In men, hypochromism is observed less often, and its presence is associated with internal bleeding in the organs of the gastrointestinal tract. A low reading can be caused by lead poisoning.

A mild degree of anemia is manifested by a feeling of fatigue, lack of vitality. Cells of tissues of vital organs do not receive enough oxygen and begin to “suffocate”.

The severe stage of blood disease is expressed by the manifestations:

heart palpitations;
difficulty breathing;
pallor of the skin;
dizziness;
brittle nails, dull hair;
cracked lips;
yellowing of the sclera of the eyes.

If hypochromic anemia progresses, the clinic becomes heavier.

What is normochromic anemia

Not always a normal indicator of blood color indicates the health of the patient. There is such a type of anemia as normochromic. With her, one erythrocyte contains, as expected, 33.4 pg of hemoglobin, but the number of blood cells is not enough for the normal functioning of the body.

Anemia of this type, or aplastic anemia, occurs as a result of disturbances in the work of the bone marrow, which is involved in the production of red blood cells.

The disease is dangerous for its complications and is caused by viral infections such as HIV, hepatitis... They associate its appearance with genetic abnormalities, the toxic effect on the body of strong drugs.

The resulting failure of the immune system leads to the destruction of bone marrow cells.

Another reason is the development of hemolytic anemia, when red blood cells are constantly destroyed, and new cells do not have time to form. The disease has hereditary and acquired forms, is extremely rare.

Reasons for an increase or decrease in CPU in a child

If the norm of the color indicator is overestimated or underestimated in a child, then such forms of anemia as:

hypochromic, when the analysis gives a result up to 0.86;
hyperchromic with an indicator above the level of 1.14;
normochromic, when the determination of the blood color index gives a satisfactory result.

The causes of anemia are the same as in an adult. Also, an increased rate occurs when a child develops kidney failure. And with iron deficiency, attention is paid to changes in liver cells leading to cirrhosis.

The child can also get hereditary forms of blood diseases. One of them (thalassemia) he inherits due to a mutation in the DNA of the cells that make up hemoglobin. It is possible to determine the development of the disease in the fetus at the stage of pregnancy of the mother by taking a sample of amniotic fluid.

Acquired types of anemia in children are successfully cured by means of medicine.

How to bring the indicator back to normal

Therapy for anemia depends on the severity of the course and the type of disease.

There are several ways to lower the color index of blood:

The deficiency in the body of vitamins B12 and B9 is replenished by the appointment of folic acid preparations.
The inclusion in the menu of dishes prepared from beef and pork liver, kidneys, animal hearts, will replenish the reserves of vitamins in the body.
From herbal remedies, decoctions of black currant leaves, strawberries, rose hips will help to lower the level of CP.
Melon fruit contains a large amount of folic acid. The product is useful for those who suffer from liver disease and atherosclerosis.
Wine is made from ripe elderberries. For a kilogram of berries, take 100 grams of sugar, add ten grams of vanilla sugar, five grams of cinnamon, a pinch of lemon zest, turmeric, coriander. Drinks this before meals for 30-50 grams.
It is useful for patients with hyperchromia to drink freshly squeezed juices of pomegranate, apple, beet, carrot, mixing them with 100 grams of honey. For each reception, they consume up to 50 ml of the drink.

Medicines are prescribed taking into account the reason for exceeding the norm of the color index of blood.

With a deficiency of hemoglobin in blood cells, treatment is aimed at:

elimination of diseases accompanied by chronic bleeding;
an increase in the number of iron ions;
improving the absorption of iron preparations in the intestine;
prevention of complications of anemia.

Together with preparations containing iron, ascorbic acid is prescribed.

Control over the intake of iron-containing agents by specialists is mandatory, since excessive saturation with ions of a substance is dangerous to human health.

You can increase the level of the CPU with a balanced power supply... The diet limits the intake of vegetable and animal fats, foods with a large amount of protein.

The emphasis in nutrition is on the liver and offal, red fish, buckwheat and millet porridge. A lot of iron is found in greens, eggs, beef, walnut kernels. Children with anemia should eat more apples, persimmons, citrus fruits, cherries, and strawberries.

Of the foods that help the body to absorb iron, one can single out those rich in vitamin C. Among them, tea or tincture of sorrel, dandelion, burdock.

Blood quality, as determined by color, is important for the health of both adults and children. Keeping it under control is always required to prevent the development of serious pathologies.

The calculation of the color index (or color, which is synonymous) is referred to the old, but important methods of studying peripheral blood.

The color index carries information about the degree of saturation of red blood cells () with a pigment that contains and carries oxygen -. It is calculated using a formula if the total analysis is done manually or replaced by a similar red blood cell index (MCH) calculated by an automated analytical system (hematology analyzer).

Color or color indicator - norm and deviations

The color indicator is a characteristic that signals significant changes in the ratio of the main components of red blood (erythrocytes and hemoglobin).

The norm of the color indicator in both adults and children, excluding babies under 3 years old, according to various sources, ranges from 0.8 to 1.1, although some authors argue that 0.8 is already small, and 1.1 is already passing the permissible borders.

The CP norm in a child under 3 years old is slightly lower and amounts to 0.75 - 0.96.

The color indicator is determined within the framework carried out without the participation of the analytical system. In the presence of an automatic hematological analyzer, the calculation of CP becomes impractical, it is gradually becoming a thing of the past, being replaced by erythrocyte indices.

Most often, there is a situation when the CPU is lowered (hypochromia), which gives reason to suspect development(IDA, anemia accompanying neoplastic processes or chronic diseases of internal organs). It happens that a person does not feel the lowered values of the indicator, he is not in a hurry to take a blood test, therefore he remains in the dark. However, often the patient notes complaints of drowsiness, decreased performance (symptoms of anemia) and for this reason he consults a doctor or immediately to the laboratory. It is then that one decimal fraction tells what diagnosis will soon be made.

Calculation in two steps

The color index is calculated using the formula: CP = hemoglobin x 3: the number of red blood cells.

For example, with a red blood cell count of 4.2 x 10 12 / l and a hemoglobin level of 128 g / l, the color index will be 0.9 (128 x 3 and divided by 420), which corresponds to the norm (normochromia). Meanwhile, it should be noted that normochromia does not always mean the norm. A proportionally reduced number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin will also have a similar designation - normochromia, but in this case we will talk about normochromic anemia. In addition, there are other situations:

There may be a lot of erythrocytes or their number is at the upper limit of the norm, for example, 4.7 x 10 12 / l with hemoglobin 120 g / l. When calculating the color index (120 x 3: 470 = 0.76), it is found that it does not fit into normal values, that is, erythrocytes circulate "empty", there are many of them, but they do not contain sufficient hemoglobin (hypochromia). This phenomenon indicates the development of anemia, the type and cause of which should be clarified by conducting further hematological studies.
The content of erythrocytes in the blood is normal (for example, for women 4.0 x 10 12 / l) or close to the lower limit of the norm, and hemoglobin is high (160 g / l), and after calculating the CP it turns out that it exceeds 1.0 (160 x 3: 400 = 1.2). This means that erythrocytes are excessively saturated with hemoglobin and in such a case they speak of hyperchromia - the blood of such people is thick and "heavy".

Thus, a low or low color indicator, first of all, indicates the presence of anemia, and its high value indicates the cause of which is also to be found out.

Decreased values suggest serious examination.

The criterion for saturation of red blood cells with hemoglobin is the average content of blood pigment (Hb) in one erythrocyte, which is calculated by the formula: CGE = hemoglobin: for the number of erythrocytes in one liter of blood. The indicator is measured in picograms (pg) and normally ranges from 27 to 31 pg. An automatic analyzer in the same units measures the average hemoglobin content in an erythrocyte (MHC), calculating it by the formula: MHC = ten times the hemoglobin level divided by the number of red blood cells per microliter (10 6). By measuring the average hemoglobin content in the erythrocyte, as in the case of CP, anemias are divided into hypochromic, normochromic and hyperchromic.

Of course, each of these indices separately cannot represent the only reliable indicator of pathology, therefore, if they decrease, one should look for the cause of the disorders. Most often it is iron deficiency anemia, then it becomes necessary to find a problem with the absorption or synthesis of iron, and this is still a lot of all kinds of examinations, including not only blood tests, but also not always pleasant procedures, such as fibrogastroduodenoscopy (FGDS).

This is what a fractional number means, which are not included in the normal values of the color index.

Video: Dr. Komarovsky on low hemoglobin

The color index of blood is one of the main indicators of a blood test. Deviation from the norm speaks of pathological processes occurring in the body.

More about blood color index

The color index (CP) of blood contains data on the level of saturation of erythrocytes with hemoglobin - a necessary component whose function is to transport oxygen and contains iron. The calculation of the color index of blood is made according to the formula, if the calculation is made manually. Data can be obtained using a hematology analyzer, which calculates the erythrocyte index. It is impossible to conduct research on your own.

It should be noted that CP is a non-specific way of assessing the percentage of hemoglobin in an erythrocyte, but it is now being successfully replaced by automatic calculations of a blood analyzer - namely, the average hemoglobin content in an erythrocyte. Therefore, like the thymol test, this type of analysis is a thing of the past, and its presence speaks of a laboratory that is not equipped with modern analyzers. It is still often used in district and rural hospitals.

Nevertheless, historically, several types of anemias have developed - normochromic, hyperchromic and hypochromic, and they still define these conditions, despite more advanced diagnostic methods.

Indicator rate

The numerical norm of the color indicator, indicating the amount of the hemoglobin protein contained in the erythrocyte, is the same in an adult and in a child over three years of age and is determined by values in the range from 0.8 to 1.1. The indicator in the blood test in women is identical. In the blood of a child under three years of age, the CP rate should be in the range from 0.75 to 0.96.

However, it should be borne in mind that the result obtained during the calculation does not indicate the exact concentration of the protein contained, but the total. There are precedents when a CP norm is observed, but the true hemoglobin protein concentration is below the normal value. In this case, low CP means the presence of normochromic anemia.

If there is a numerical result that is not within the permissible value, the doctor prescribes additional studies and tests in order to find out the reason for the lack or excess of protein in the patient's blood. A deviation from the norm always has a reason.

Reason for deviations

A numerical indicator that goes beyond the permissible norm indicates changes in the human body.

An indicator exceeding the permissible norm indicates the presence of diseases such as:

B-12 - deficiency anemia;

Polyposis of the stomach;

Neoplasms and tumors;

Low folate.

With an increased content of hemoglobin in the patient's blood cells, it is not easy to establish the exact cause of the deviations due to the fact that the results of other tests, including a general blood count, do not correspond to the norms.

The phenomenon of a reduced color index is called hypochromia. The color index is lowered in the presence of pathological conditions such as:

Iron-deficiency anemia;

Cirrhosis of the liver;

Malignant neoplasms;

Hypothyroidism, hypothyroidism;

Anemia due to lead poisoning.

A reduced level of maintenance can be observed in pregnant women suffering from anemia.

CP of blood is lowered in a child for the same reasons as in adults. Often a low blood color index indicates an overwork of the body.

There is a classification of anemias, differing from each other in the concentration of hemoglobin in erythrocytes. In total, there are three types:

Hypochromic anemia is diagnosed by a specialist with a numerical indicator of less than 0.8;

normochromic anemia is diagnosed by a doctor when the color index of the blood is within the permissible norm, but the amount of hemoglobin contained is not enough;

hyperchromic anemia is a diagnosis that a specialist makes with an increased protein content in human erythrocytes.

What to do with a reduced color index

With a reduced color index of blood, it is necessary to pay attention to the diet and the food consumed. It is necessary to make each intake balanced and exclude unhealthy foods from your diet. Balanced fractional nutrition can normalize the level of hemoglobin in erythrocytes.

It should be borne in mind that with a low level of the content of a complex iron-containing protein, oxygen deficiency is observed in the blood cells, which leads to serious health problems and a deterioration in the general condition of the patient. It is necessary to increase the use of vitamins B, C, E. An important component of a balanced diet is food rich in vitamin A. It is advisable to exclude from the diet fried foods containing a lot of fats and carbohydrates, flour products.

When the CP of the blood is low, the specialist recommends the regular use of red juices, for example, pomegranate, a small amount of red wine. Alcohol abuse is not worth it. It is important to take into account that juices must be natural and contain a minimum of dyes and preservatives. For the duration of treatment, it is necessary to give up coffee and get rid of bad habits.

Deviation from the norm of CP is most often treated not with drugs, but involves changing the patient's lifestyle, getting rid of bad habits and adjusting the diet. Your doctor may recommend regular exercise to keep your heart working properly.