How different are children's impressions from the impressions of an adult? When I first time school age I was in Athens, it seemed to me that the Acropolis was huge and endless, that you could walk around it forever, and that you would never see such a number of ruins of ancient buildings concentrated in one place anywhere else. But when I arrived there as an adult, I realized that either I travel so often that it’s getting harder and harder for me to be impressed, or the Acropolis really isn’t that big, and I should be surprised that something like this happened in such a small place great amount important historical events that influenced the course of world history.
In general, even cities as huge by ancient standards as Athens or Rome now seem almost tiny. I mean the historical part of modern cities, of course. Almost all the most important things are within easy walking distance of each other, very convenient for tourists. On the other hand, if you think that the ancient Greeks once walked on these very stones, that Socrates, Plato, Plutarch were here... - you feel a little uneasy.
From the modern, lively area of Monastiraki, the road to the Acropolis takes only 15-20 minutes, and even then at a leisurely pace. True, you have to walk uphill all the time, because the Acropolis is located on a hill. The higher you go, the better you can see the ancient buildings preserved in the area: 
The first stop on the way is the Hill of Ares, or Areopagus. Among the ancient Greeks, this place was known as the meeting place of the council of elders who ruled the city in ancient times. From here you can see some of the most beautiful views to Athens. View from the Areopagus towards the Agora and the Temple of Hephaestus: 
Towards Pnyx Hill: 
Modern Athens – quite Big city. Sometimes it’s hard to believe that life here was once concentrated in a much smaller space. In the very distance you can see Lycabettus Hill - this is another quite popular place for tourists with cameras. Below are paths among numerous ancient stones: it’s even a shame that so many buildings from those times have not survived: 
Traditional view from the Areopagus to the Acropolis, or more precisely, to the Propylaea - the main gate of the Acropolis: 
And this is the view from the Acropolis to the Areopagus. That same small and uneven stone hill is the Areopagus, the place where important political and judicial decisions were once made. By the way, it is about the same size as the famous stones lying in Central Park in New York. But the historical significance cannot be compared. 
The Parthenon is undergoing chronic restoration. They are trying to piece together the ancient stones scattered throughout the Acropolis and restore the building from them as much as possible. It’s difficult to say what will come of this idea, especially considering how much of everything was taken from the Acropolis from Greece back in the Middle Ages. Elements of the Parthenon are now stored in Paris, the Vatican, Munich, Vienna, Copenhagen... And, of course, no one is going to return them to the Greeks. 
But for some reason the Erechtheion is not being restored. Although, maybe they will reach it over time: 
The famous portico of the caryatids: 
The Acropolis is always quite crowded. This is understandable, because this is the most famous place in Athens. On a scale modern world The Acropolis seems quite small. From this angle, almost the entire hill is visible: 
Meanwhile, even now a construction of such a scale seems grandiose: 
The rise and fall of civilizations is generally an interesting thing: what was once one of the greatest nations in Europe suddenly disappears. In rare paintings by Greek artists of the Middle Ages, you can see images of shepherds herding goats on the top of the Acropolis: several centuries have passed since the collapse of Athens - and it seems as if not a trace remains of the ancient Greeks. The medieval inhabitants of Greece probably did not even know what kind of buildings they were there on the hill. 
Traditional view of the city from the Acropolis: 
Below you can see the temple of Zeus: 
Herod's Odeon is a huge beautiful amphitheater built in the 2nd century AD, already under the Romans. An absolutely colossal project by those standards: this musical theater can accommodate up to six thousand people at a time. The Greeks recently renovated the Herodeon, and now concerts are held there from time to time: 
Nearby is the Theater of Dionysus, it is 5-6 centuries older than Herod’s Odeon, and was built in a typical Greek style: the Greeks always chose a natural hill to build amphitheaters. 
Behind the Theater of Dionysus you can see an ultra-modern building - this is the modern Acropolis Museum, which opened a couple of years ago: 
Let's go down to the Theater of Dionysus: 
View from the theater to the Acropolis: 
Already somewhere at the exit from the territory of the Acropolis: 
The new modern Acropolis Museum is really good. True, at the time I was there, it was not yet fully open. But even the part that was publicly available was impressive: 
According to the plan, sculptures from the temples of the Acropolis, everything found on the hill, preserved fragments of the Parthenon, as well as copies of ancient works of art associated with the Acropolis taken from Greece should be stored here. 
The opening of the museum was planned to coincide with Olympic Games 2004, but the Greeks, in their traditional manner, delayed all the deadlines, did not deliver the project on time, and the construction of the museum building was completed only by the end of 2007, and the final transportation of all exhibits was completed only in the summer of 2009, i.e. . 5 years later than planned. 
The museum, however, turned out to be very good, and now, perhaps, it can easily compete even with the National Archaeological Museum, which was still considered the main museum of the city. 
And to top it off - a short run towards the Temple of Zeus, which was visible from the Acropolis in the photographs above.
View from it towards the Acropolis: 
The Temple of Zeus itself was once the largest temple in all of Greece. It was built over four centuries and was completed only in the 2nd century. BC. Now all that remains of the temple is one single corner and a pair of columns at the other end of the temple. 
The most beautiful elements of the temple were taken from Athens to Rome by the ancient Romans. 
But even from these few columns you can quite imagine the scale of the building: 
How different are children's impressions from the impressions of an adult? When I was in Athens for the first time at school age, it seemed to me that the Acropolis was huge and endless, that you could walk around it forever, and that you would never see such a number of ruins of ancient buildings concentrated in one place anywhere else. But when I arrived there as an adult, I realized that either I travel so often that it’s getting harder and harder for me to be impressed, or the Acropolis really isn’t that big, and I should be surprised that such a huge thing happened in such a small place. the number of important historical events that influenced the course of world history.
In general, even cities as huge by ancient standards as Athens or Rome now seem almost tiny. I mean the historical part of modern cities, of course. Almost all the most important things are within easy walking distance of each other, very convenient for tourists. On the other hand, if you think that the ancient Greeks once walked on these very stones, that Socrates, Plato, Plutarch were here... - you feel a little uneasy.
From the modern, lively area of Monastiraki, the road to the Acropolis takes only 15-20 minutes, and even then at a leisurely pace. True, you have to walk uphill all the time, because the Acropolis is located on a hill. The higher you go, the better you can see the ancient buildings preserved in the area: 
The first stop on the way is the Hill of Ares, or Areopagus. Among the ancient Greeks, this place was known as the meeting place of the council of elders who ruled the city in ancient times. It offers some of the most beautiful views of Athens. View from the Areopagus towards the Agora and the Temple of Hephaestus: 
Towards Pnyx Hill: 
Modern Athens is a fairly large city. Sometimes it’s hard to believe that life here was once concentrated in a much smaller space. In the very distance you can see Lycabettus Hill - this is another quite popular place for tourists with cameras. Below are paths among numerous ancient stones: it’s even a shame that so many buildings from those times have not survived: 
Traditional view from the Areopagus to the Acropolis, or more precisely, to the Propylaea - the main gate of the Acropolis: 
And this is the view from the Acropolis to the Areopagus. That same small and uneven stone hill is the Areopagus, the place where important political and judicial decisions were once made. By the way, it is about the same size as the famous stones lying in Central Park in New York. But the historical significance cannot be compared. 
The Parthenon is undergoing chronic restoration. They are trying to piece together the ancient stones scattered throughout the Acropolis and restore the building from them as much as possible. It’s difficult to say what will come of this idea, especially considering how much of everything was taken from the Acropolis from Greece back in the Middle Ages. Elements of the Parthenon are now stored in Paris, the Vatican, Munich, Vienna, Copenhagen... And, of course, no one is going to return them to the Greeks. 
But for some reason the Erechtheion is not being restored. Although, maybe they will reach it over time: 
The famous portico of the caryatids: 
The Acropolis is always quite crowded. This is understandable, because this is the most famous place in Athens. On the scale of the modern world, the Acropolis seems quite small. From this angle, almost the entire hill is visible: 
Meanwhile, even now a construction of such a scale seems grandiose: 
The rise and fall of civilizations is generally an interesting thing: what was once one of the greatest nations in Europe suddenly disappears. In rare paintings by Greek artists of the Middle Ages, you can see images of shepherds herding goats on the top of the Acropolis: several centuries have passed since the collapse of Athens - and it seems as if not a trace remains of the ancient Greeks. The medieval inhabitants of Greece probably did not even know what kind of buildings they were there on the hill. 
Traditional view of the city from the Acropolis: 
Below you can see the temple of Zeus: 
Herod's Odeon is a huge beautiful amphitheater built in the 2nd century AD, already under the Romans. An absolutely colossal project by those standards: this musical theater can accommodate up to six thousand people at a time. The Greeks recently renovated the Herodeon, and now concerts are held there from time to time: 
Nearby is the Theater of Dionysus, it is 5-6 centuries older than Herod’s Odeon, and was built in a typical Greek style: the Greeks always chose a natural hill to build amphitheaters. 
Behind the Theater of Dionysus you can see an ultra-modern building - this is the modern Acropolis Museum, which opened a couple of years ago: 
Let's go down to the Theater of Dionysus: 
View from the theater to the Acropolis: 
Already somewhere at the exit from the territory of the Acropolis: 
The new modern Acropolis Museum is really good. True, at the time I was there, it was not yet fully open. But even the part that was publicly available was impressive: 
According to the plan, sculptures from the temples of the Acropolis, everything found on the hill, preserved fragments of the Parthenon, as well as copies of ancient works of art associated with the Acropolis taken from Greece should be stored here. 
The opening of the museum was planned to coincide with the 2004 Olympic Games, but the Greeks, in their traditional manner, delayed all the deadlines, did not deliver the project on time, and the construction of the museum building was completed only by the end of 2007, and the final transportation of all exhibits was completed only in the summer 2009, i.e. 5 years later than planned. 
The museum, however, turned out to be very good, and now, perhaps, it can easily compete even with the National Archaeological Museum, which was still considered the main museum of the city. 
And to top it off - a short run towards the Temple of Zeus, which was visible from the Acropolis in the photographs above.
View from it towards the Acropolis: 
The Temple of Zeus itself was once the largest temple in all of Greece. It was built over four centuries and was completed only in the 2nd century. BC. Now all that remains of the temple is one single corner and a pair of columns at the other end of the temple. 
The most beautiful elements of the temple were taken from Athens to Rome by the ancient Romans. 
But even from these few columns you can quite imagine the scale of the building: 
– a perfectly preserved Venetian fortress.
Next we will travel to beautiful Macedonia - a unique region of Ancient Greece with fertile soil. In ancient times, more than 3 thousand years ago, this was the center of agriculture of the ancient Greeks. Here you can see a beautiful, in some places untouched wildlife. Armed with backpacks and food supplies, some tourists like to wander through these amazing forests, look at mountain rivers and admire waterfalls with the purest river water. According to some estimates, there are about one and a half thousand ancient cultural monuments here. The most famous of them are: Dion, Olinthos, Pela and Platamon.
And finally, Crete is an island that is extremely popular among our tourists. Many people come here not only to relax, but also to admire the ruins and ruins of the ancient Minoan civilization, which disappeared more than 5 centuries ago, but left us with many monuments of their culture, which are known almost all over the world. It was here that the banner palace of the Minotaur was located with its unique labyrinth. In general, you can endlessly admire here windmills, landscapes, runes of ancient cities, as well as unique caves and valleys.
In addition to the Athenian Acropolis, there is also one in Lindos. It is located at an altitude of 116 meters and getting to it on foot is a serious challenge. On help will come Lindos taxi - a donkey, will take you to your place for just 5 euros. The Acropolis is open from Tuesday to Sunday, from 8:30 to 14:40 (opening hours are extended during high season). Ticket price: 6 euros.
Rhodes is rich in attractions. The Palace of the Knights is the most visited among other architectural and historical monuments of the island. This monumental, impressive building housed the administrative center of the knights (XIV century). However, later, during the Turkish rule, the palace was destroyed by an explosion of gunpowder stored in the basement. It was restored in 1939.
Now it is a museum containing a large number of stunningly beautiful, unique antique household items, jewelry, mosaics dating back to the beginning of Christianity. Unique monuments of Greece here in Rhodes are literally at every turn. There is a museum of archeology here. All six of its halls are filled with unique objects that are worth looking at.
The least damaged by time compared to other architectural monuments of this country, the Temple of Athena offers a majestic arcade with 13 unique columns, a grotto-altar for sacrifices, as well as the ruins of an ancient theater. Almost all architectural monuments of Greece are full of unexpected surprises. Here, going down the rock, you can see the bow of the ship. Previously, there was a statue of the patron god of sailors, Poseidon.
Culture of Ancient Greece
Propylaea of the Athenian Acropolis. Ancient Greece (437-432 BC)
Propylaea of the Athenian Acropolis, architect Mnesicles (437-432 BC), Ancient Greece.
When unexpected wealth fell on the Athenians in 454 - the treasury of the Delian League, directed against Persia, was transported to Athens, Pericles decided to create on the site of what was destroyed by the Persians in 480-479 BC. of the Athenian Acropolis, a new architectural complex is the greatest “miracle of the world”, a new pan-Hellenistic sanctuary, designed to strengthen the leading place of Athens in the Greek world. Using huge Money from the treasury of the union, the involvement of the best craftsmen and architects ensured the birth of one of the most perfect ensembles in world art. Grandiose construction began under the general leadership of the sculptor Phidias. Instead of a simple archaic entrance to the Acropolis, a monumental, solemn gate appears - the Propylaea - with Doric porticoes at different levels and a wide staircase, an inclined corridor, inside framed by an Ionic colonnade supporting the arches of a marble ceiling, where, according to a traveler of the 2nd century AD. Pausanias, golden stars twinkled in the blue sky.
The propylaea occupied the entire western part of the hill and consisted of a central building and two side wings of unequal size. The right wing was crowned by a small elegant temple with Ionic columns, built by the architect Callicrates in honor of the goddess of victory - Nike Apteros (Wingless, so that Victory could not fly away from Athens), decorated with a low bas-relief on the theme of the Greco-Persian wars. However, it's time to cross the magical threshold of the Propylaea to better get to know the world of the Acropolis.
The Parthenon is the temple of Athena Parthenos (Virgin Athena). Ancient Greece (432 BC)
Parthenon - Temple of Athena Parthenos(Virgins of Athens), Ancient Greece - the main structure of the Acropolis of Athens, both in its significance and in size.
Once upon a time, it towered above the entire Acropolis, just as Athens towered above the rest of the states of Greece, representing the embodiment of the glory and power of the Athenian state. This temple was built from Pentelic marble in 447-438 by the architects Ictinus and Callicrates. The sculptural decoration was created by 432 BC. the famous sculptor Phidias and his students. The temple is a Doric peripter with dimensions of 30.89 x 69.54 m with the number of columns 8x17. The noble beauty and harmony of proportions, the amazing plasticity and proportionality of all its forms give rise to a feeling of elation and grandeur. The main decoration of the interior of the temple was the world famous chrysoelephantine statue (made of gold and Ivory) Athens Parthenos, about 12 m high, created by the sculptor Phidias in 438 BC.
Together with Greece, the Parthenon survived all stages of its history. He was and Christian Church Hagia Sophia and Turkish mosque. It was almost completely destroyed by war in the 17th century. And at the beginning of the 19th century, it lost all its surviving sculptures and reliefs, now scattered throughout European museums. But even today the Parthenon is rightfully considered one of the greatest examples of ancient architecture, a masterpiece of world art and sculpture.
Discus thrower. Ancient Greece (mid-5th century BC)
Discus thrower – a type of antique statue of an athlete throwing a discus, widespread in ancient Greece. The most famous of the statues by the sculptor Myron of Eleuthera in Attica. It is known that Myron lived and worked in Athens and received the title of Athenian citizen; which was considered a great honor. As Pliny writes, Myron studied with Ageladus, an excellent master who worked in Argos, whose students were also Polykleitos and Phidias. The statue was created by him in the middle of the 5th century. BC. during the transition from the “strict style” to the classical one. The original in bronze has been lost, but 15 Roman copies in marble have survived, testifying to the glory of this work. The best repetition is a statue from the 2nd century AD. from Palazzo Lancellotti, now in National Museum in Rome. There is also a beautiful torso of the “Discobolus”, a cast of which served as the basis for the successful reconstruction of this famous work. “In “Discoball” Myron takes us into the world of action, where movement suddenly acquired a supreme role, where a person experiences the intoxication of power restrained by balance. In this sense, Myron is the founder of the art of sculpture, just as his contemporary Aeschylus is the creator of dramatic action. Both explored the limits of human power,” as A. Bonnard noted in his work “Greek Civilization.”
Although the Roman copies of the Discobolus are quite good, the plastic language of Myron himself is lost in them, since a different material is used, there is no sense of freedom and flexibility of forms, a certain rigidity of the entire image is felt, in which all the tension of the athlete’s energy is lost. However, the works of unknown masters close to him in time, inspired by Myron’s motif, have been preserved, still possessing that living plasticity.
Apollo Belvedere. Ancient Greece (IV century BC)
Apollo Belvedere - An antique statue depicting the god Apollo in the form of a young handsome youth shooting from a bow. It was made of bronze during the late classical period, in the middle of the 4th century BC. ancient Greek sculptor Leochares. The statue has not survived, but a Roman copy of it in marble was found in Italy between 1484 and 1492 at Andio near Rome. During the reign of Pope Julius II, in 1506, the statue of Apollo was installed in the antiquarian gallery in the Belvedere Garden in the Vatican. Hence its name.
The tree trunk to support Apollo's right hand was missing in the bronze original; it was added in marble repetition by the copyist. However, the statue was found with its hands broken off. In the 1550s, the Italian sculptor G. Montorsoli, a student of Michelangelo, added additions to both arms.
God Apollo is plastically perfect; the cloak thrown over the shoulder does not hide a single muscle of the torso. But in the image of God - outwardly very impressive - there is no sense of internal significance. Over the years, the fame of the statue grew, and Apollo Belvedere became a symbol of harmony and beauty. But in the story, he has just fired his deadly arrow, which even the almighty Zeus is unable to stop, and now watches as it pierces the victim. Apollo is not at all one of those deities who are distinguished by mercy; on the contrary, he is cold and heartless.
Nike of Samothrace. Ancient Greece (c. 190 BC)
Nike of Samothrace(c. 190 BC) - famous statue carved from marble by an unknown artist greek goddess Niki. The right wing of the statue is lost and is a plaster reconstruction. The head and arms of the statue are missing. The height is 3 meters 28 centimeters.
In 1863, on the island of Samothrace in the Aegean Sea, the sculpture of Nike was found by Charles Champoiseau, the French consul and archaeologist. A statue carved from golden Parian marble on the island crowned the altar of sea deities. Researchers believe that an unknown sculptor created Nike as a symbol of the Greek naval victories of the Rhodians over King Antiochus III in 190 BC.
The silhouette of the goddess meeting the sea wind at the bow of the ship is full of swiftness. It is conveyed by the fluttering folds of clothing. The figure, barely hidden by the folds of the adjacent outfit, is perfect. Nike from Samothrace immediately became an icon and symbol of art. This is definitely one of the tops creative life and one of the most famous images. Sculptors and architects turn to the image of the flying goddess; cups and emblems are cast in her form. The statue of Nike of Samothrace, depicting the goddess of victory, shows: not only gods can be immortal.
Attempts were made repeatedly to restore the original position of the goddess’s hands. It is assumed that right hand, raised up, held a cup, wreath or forge. A brush made of the same marble was found in Samothrace in 1950 and is now on display in the Louvre, just behind the statue of Nike. The statue itself is installed at the turn of the Daru staircase, which effectively emphasizes its swiftness and impetus. The right wing of the statue is a reconstruction, an exact copy of the left wing made of plaster. Multiple attempts to restore the hands of the statue were unsuccessful - they all spoiled the masterpiece. These failures force us to admit: Nika is beautiful just like that, perfect in her imperfection.
Venus (Aphrodite) de Milo. Ancient Greece (130-100 BC)
Venus (Aphrodite) de Milo – famous ancient Greek statue from the late Hellenistic period (c. 130-100 BC). Marble original, not a copy, as previously thought. The statue was found by a Greek peasant in his field in two large fragments and many small fragments in 1820 on the island of Milos (in ancient times Melos) in the Aegean Sea. According to an eyewitness, the French navigator Dumont D'Urville, who saw the statue when it was still standing in a peasant's barn, she held an apple in her left raised hand, and with her right she held a flowing robe. D'Urville told the French ambassador in Istanbul, the Marquis de Riviere, about the discovery, who, having received the statue in March 1821, presented it to King Louis XVIII. So the statue ended up in Paris, in the Louvre, where it is still on display today.
The hands of the statue were never discovered. The author of this wonderful masterpiece is considered to be Alexander or Agesander from Antioch. Several missing letters from the author's signature on the base do not allow us to establish his name with any certainty. The master probably made the statue in imitation of more ancient, classical examples. Stylistically, the statue belongs to the movement of Hellenistic art, reflecting a return to the Greek classics of the Age of Pericles. The statue successfully combines the majestic monumentality of classical examples with the dynamics of composition characteristic of Hellenism, although the art of the 2nd century BC, when the statue of Venus was created, was marked by crisis tendencies, a loss of a sense of integrity, nevertheless this particular work, thanks to its sensuality and naturalism, became over time the most famous, beloved, generally recognized symbol of beauty throughout the world.
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