South America- the fourth largest continent on Earth. Its length from north to south is more than 7,000 km, from west to east - about 5,000, and the total area reaches 17.8 km². Most of the mainland is in southern hemisphere. Total inhabitants - more than 385 million people: according to this indicator, South America ranks fourth among the continents. But if we discard the dry facts, one thing can be said: this is a whole world, unknown, bright, alluring and frightening at the same time. Each country of this continent deserves the closest study, the most curious tourists and the most enthusiastic reviews.
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How to get there
The cost of air travel to countries in South America varies significantly in common days and during sales. If a regular ticket can cost 1700-2000 USD on average, then sale and promotional tickets can be bought with a discount of up to 50%. The most profitable for Russians is to buy a ticket to Venezuela (the cheapest one can be bought for 500-810 USD on the days of maximum discounts). Or fly to the relatively massive countries of the Caribbean, such as Cuba and the Dominican Republic, from where you can already move to the mainland by domestic airlines.
If you have time and money, you can arrange an unforgettable ocean trip: a boat trip to Buenos Aires will cost 1500-2000 EUR. Such a voyage will take much more time than a flight, because most often it is not just sailing across the Atlantic Ocean, but a full-fledged cruise calling at the ports of Europe and Central America.
Transport in South America
Inside the continent, air travel is quite expensive, but cruise travel by sea is widespread (the cost depends on the class of the liner). Railways are used mainly for cargo transportation - there are very few passenger trains, but bus service is very common. Traveling by bus, of course, is less comfortable, but very economical (prices vary depending on the country and destinations - tourist or domestic). In addition, car rentals are very cheap here.
Weather
AT different parts South America has a different climate. In the north - the equatorial zone with maximum high temperatures in January, in the south - a frosty polar zone. This is where you can meet New Year in a bikini under the scorching sun, and then go to a more familiar climate zone for ski resort in the Andean highlands. In the south of the mainland, plump king penguins roam with might and main - Antarctica is close!
Hotels
If you find yourself in South America for the first time and are accustomed to the international class of service, choose large hotel chains (preferably international ones). Rooms in them cost from 50-90 USD per day. Students and exotic lovers often settle in small hotels or private apartments - the cost can start from 15-20 USD per day. Appearance and amenities of housing will depend on the country, proximity to popular resorts and personal luck. Prices on the page are for October 2018.
Iguazu Falls
South American countries
Venezuela- a state in northern South America, washed by by the caribbean and the Atlantic Ocean. The capital is the city of Caracas. Here there are conditions for a beach holiday - the luxurious beaches of the Caribbean coast, a fashionable secluded vacation on Margarita Island, and for an active one: Avila National Park near Caracas, the Amazonian jungle, the highest waterfall on the planet - Angel, the longest in the world cable car 12.6 km long and the country's highest mountain peak - Pico Bolívar (4981 m).
Guyana- a state on the northeast coast of South America. The capital is Georgetown. Almost 90% of the country is occupied by wet jungles. It is precisely because of the unfavorable conditions for tourism in the traditional sense that Guyana is visited primarily by ecotourists. They have chosen the waterfalls of the Guiana Highlands, the Pacaraima mountains, National parks Kaieteur and Ivokrama, where visitors learn the wisdom of rafting, as well as hiking and horseback riding through the Rupununi savannas.
Guiana(or French Guiana) - the largest overseas region of France, located in the northeast of South America. A French visa is required to enter Guiana. The administrative center is the city of Cayenne. 96% of the country's territory is occupied by tropical forests - this region is one of the most forested and environmentally friendly in the world. Tourist centers and villages of local residents are concentrated in the coastal strip, central regions practically deserted.
Colombia- a state in the north-west of South America, named after the great traveler. The capital is Bogotá. Russians are allowed visa-free entry to the territory of Colombia for up to 90 days. This country is famous for its historical heritage, many museums and amazing confluence European culture, brought by the Spanish conquistadors in the 15th century, and Indian, still carefully preserved in some parts of the country. Colombia has amazing nature: national parks, the peaks of the Sierra Nevada, the Amazon River basin, palm valleys and coffee plantations.
Paraguay called the heart of America, because this country has no access to the sea. Its population has retained its originality: the Indian dialect of Guarani is the state language here along with Spanish. The capital is Asuncion. "Guiana" is translated from Guaran as " great river”- refers to the Rio Paraguay (the third longest and deepest river of the continent), dividing the country into the arid Gran Chaco plain and the humid regions of the interfluve of the Rio Paraguay and Rio Alta Parana. The country was chosen by ecotourists and connoisseurs of superbly preserved architectural monuments period of the Jesuit state.
Peru a country on the west coast of South America. The capital is Lima. Fans of antiquities know Peru as the place of the Inca settlement - the Inca state of Tahuantinsuyu was the largest empire of pre-Columbian America and still remains a mystery to ethnographers and archaeologists. Here is the famous Machu Picchu, which has become one of the new wonders of the world, and landscapes with mysterious Nazca lines, the origin of which scientists still cannot explain. In total, there are more than 180 museums in Peru and many archaeological parks lost in the Andes valleys.
Visa-free entry to Peru is open for Russian tourists for up to 90 days.
Suriname- a state in the northeast of South America. The capital is Paramaribo. People come here in search of ecotourism unusual places: Tropical forests, Atabru waterfalls, Cau, Uonotobo, Galibi reserve, Sipaliwini region, which occupies most of the territory, Trio, Acurio and Wayana Indian reservations.
Uruguay- a state in the southeast of South America. The capital is Montevideo. If you want to relax on the beach, come to Uruguay between January and April. Connoisseurs of colonial architecture will surely enjoy the sights of Cologna and Montevideo. Every year, a month and a half before Easter, two days before Lent, Catholics in Uruguay host a colorful carnival.
Visa-free entry to Uruguay is open for Russian tourists for up to 90 days.
Chile- a state in the southwest of South America, occupying a long strip from the coast Pacific Ocean to the Andean highlands. The capital is Santiago. In Chile, balneological tourism is widespread (33 sanatorium bases with water and mud treatment), beach holiday(regions of Arica, Iquique, Valparaiso), as well as trips to the national parks of La Campana, Torres del Paine, to Lake San Rafael, to the places of Altiplano and San Pedro and, of course, to the famous Easter Island. For lovers skiing- 15 resorts with slopes from the most extreme to the easiest.
Ecuador located in the northwest of the mainland and got its name from the Spanish "equator". The capital is Quito. special attention deserve famous not only for their fauna, but also for the fantastic beaches of the Galapagos Islands, the Oriente National Park and a trip to the Amazon, the El Kayas region with 200 lakes and lagoons, a monument ancient culture Ingapirca and museums of the colonial and pre-colonial eras in Quito.
A visa-free regime for visiting Ecuador has been introduced for Russian tourists for up to 90 days.
In addition, South America includes the disputed island territories of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, as well as the Falkland (Malvinas) Islands, which are still disputed by Great Britain and Argentina. Tourists arrive on the islands as part of cruise tours. The most common activities are mountain climbing, hiking and rafting in kayaks and kayaks. The Falkland (Malvinas) Islands are places almost forgotten by tourists. In terms of climate, their territory is close to Iceland: it is cold, strong winds, and not only seagulls, but also plump king penguins scurry along the coast.
Nature of South America
After the breakup of the Gondwana mainland at the end of the Cretaceous into Africa, Australia, Antarctica and South America, the latter remained a separate continent. Connecting the current North and South America, the Isthmus of Panama appeared about three million years ago, significantly affecting the flora and fauna of the continent.
The variety of landscapes and climatic zones strikes the tourist's imagination. Andes, the world's longest mountain range, is also called the "ridge" of South America, stretching almost its entire length for 9 thousand km. Most high peaks- Aconcagua (6960 m) in Argentina and Ojos del Salado (6908 m) are covered with snow all year round. A movement that continues to this day earth's crust in this region causes earthquakes and eruptions of active volcanoes.
The famous Amazon flows here, the second largest river on the planet, always full-flowing thanks to its numerous tributaries. On its shores, the endless Amazonian jungle rises, so dense that some of their areas remain unexplored to this day.
The Amazonian jungle is called the "lungs of the planet."
In contrast to the Amazon rainforest, the mainland is one of the most arid places on the planet - the Atacama Desert in northern Chile. In Argentina and Uruguay, the pampas are hot and dusty.
There are vast lakes in South America, and high waterfalls, and rocky islands. From the north the mainland is washed warm waters Caribbean Sea, while its southernmost point - the island of Tierra del Fuego - is subject to frequent storms of cold Atlantic Ocean.
South America is the southern continent in America, located mainly in the Western and Southern hemispheres of planet Earth, however, part of the continent is also located in the Northern Hemisphere. It is washed in the west by the Pacific Ocean, in the east by the Atlantic, from the north it is limited by North America, the border between the Americas runs along the Isthmus of Panama and the Caribbean Sea.
South America also includes various
islands , most of which belong to the countries of the continent. Caribbean territories belong toNorth America. South American countries that border the Caribbean - including Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname and french guiana- known as Caribbean South America.The area of the continent is 17.8 million km² (4th place among continents), the population is 385,742,554 people (4th place among continents).
The length from north to south is (approximately) 7350 km. Length from west to east - (approximately) 4900 km
Languages
The most widely spoken languages in South America are Portuguese and Spanish . On the Portuguese He speaks Brazil , whose population is about 50% of the population of this continent. Spanish language is an official language most of the countries on this continent. Also in South America they speak other languages: in Suriname they speak Dutch, in Guyana they speak English, and in french guiana- respectively in French. You can often hearindigenous languages of the Indians: Quechua (Ecuador, Bolivia and Peru), Guarani (Paraguay and Bolivia), Aymara (Bolivia and Peru) and Araucanian(South of Chile and Argentina). All of them (except the last one) have an official status in the countries of their linguistic area. Since a significant proportion of the population of South America are immigrants from Europe, many of them still retain their own language, the most common of which are Italian and German languages in countries such as Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay, Venezuela and Chile. The most popular foreign languages studied in South America are English, French, German and Italian.
Climatic zones
There are 5 climate zones in South America:
subequatorial belt(2 times), equatorial belt, Tropical Belt , subtropical belt and the temperate zone.Hydrography
The most important river systems in South America are Amazon, Orinoco and Parana , whose total basin is 9,583,000 km² (the area of South America is 17,850,568 km²). Most of the lakes in South America are located in Andes , the largest of which and the highest navigable lake in the world is Titicaca , on the border of Bolivia and Peru. The largest lake is maracaibo in Venezuela, it is also one of the oldest on the planet.
South America has the highest waterfall in the world - Angel . The most powerful waterfall is located on the mainland - Iguazu.
South America is the wettest continent Earth.
Minerals
The bowels of South America contain a very diverse complex of minerals. The largest deposits of iron ores are confined to the ancient Precambrian of Venezuela (the Orinoco river basin) and Brazil (the state of Minas Gerais), the richest deposits of porphyry copper ores - to the granitoid batholiths of the Central Andes. Ore deposits rare elements associated with the ultramafic alkaline intrusions of Eastern Brazil. Deposits of ores of tin, antimony, silver, and other ores have been found on the territory of Bolivia. The forward and intermountain troughs of the Andes contain deposits of oil and gas along their entire length, which are especially rich within Venezuela. There are coal deposits; deposits hard coal known in the Upper Paleozoic, brown - in the Cenozoic. Bauxite deposits are confined to the young weathering crust (especially in Guyana and Suriname).
Animal and Plant World
The natural world of South America is one of the richest on the planet. At least 44,000 can be found in the Amazon Basin different types plants, 2.500 species river fish and 1,500 species of birds. The jungle is home to huge spiders that feed on birds, and mammals such as armadillos and sloths. The rivers of South America are home to sea cows, freshwater dolphins, giant catfish and electric eels. Thousands of species of forest insects have not yet been studied.
Alnacas and vicuñas from the camelid family are found in the Andes. The steppes of Pamna are inhabited by a large running nandu bird, or the American ostrich. In colder areas on the southern fringes of the continent, penguins and seals are common. On the Galapagos Islands, lying in the Pacific Ocean west of the coast of Ecuador, there are such rare representatives of the animal world as the famous giant tortoises.
Fertile soils nourish the rich vegetable world continent. South America is the birthplace of prickly araucaria, rubber, potatoes and many domestic plants (for example, monstera).
The nature of South America is under threat of destruction. As people cut down forests, many species of forest animals and priceless plants that have not adapted to new living conditions disappear without a trace..
South America is an amazing continent that hides a lot of interesting and unusual things. After all, it is here that the mysterious Mexican pyramids, the unique Amazon River and the hottest deserts in the world are located. Do you know the area of South America? Today we will tell you all about this continent and its size.
South America: geographical location and brief description
South America is the fourth largest continent in the world, one part of it lies in the southern hemisphere, and the other in the northern hemisphere. The huge area of South America has always attracted a large number of people here from all over the world, this brought the continent to the fifth place in the world in terms of population. We can say that almost every seventh person on Earth lives here. The mainland is washed by two oceans - the Atlantic and the Pacific.
Features of South America
The geographical position of the continent contributed to the fact that indigenous people developed here separately and by the time the Europeans arrived it had its own unique culture, in no way connected with mainland civilizations. Of course, part of the precious heritage of the South American Indians was destroyed by ruthless conquerors. But what remained untouched is still being closely studied by the world scientific community.
Thanks to the discovery of South America, the world learned what tobacco, coca leaves and corn are. Many species of animals and plants living on this continent are endemic.
Natural areas of South America
The South American continent is generous to the people who inhabit it. The area of natural zones of South America includes all the diversity of our planet, spread over the vast territory of one continent:
- equatorial forests;
- tropical monsoon forests;
- savannas;
- pampas;
- tropical deserts;
- steppe;
- semi-deserts.
Each natural area has preserved rare species flora and fauna that are not found anywhere else on the planet. This makes the mainland unique, scientists have been saying for many years that most of the land on the continent must be transferred to the status of a reserve and carefully protected from destructive human activities.
Equatorial forests - the "lungs" of our planet
Of all the natural zones of the continent, I would like to talk in more detail about the selva, or equatorial forests. No wonder scientists call them the "lungs" of our planet, because more than 80% of oxygen is released into the atmosphere by plants growing in the selva.
Unfortunately, over the past decades, the areas of equatorial forests have been significantly reduced under the influence of human activities. Now South America is the third country in the world where the selva is still preserved in its original form. More than 33% of rain forests grow in Brazil.
Environmentalists are sounding the alarm in connection with the reduction in the area of the selva, because its complete destruction will lead to major changes in the air on the planet. Perhaps these changes will become irreversible and lead to massive epidemics among people.
Many people form an opinion about the size of the continent only when they see real numbers in which its area is measured. So, the total area of mainland South America, including its main islands, is 18,280,000 square kilometers. The area of all the islands is equal to 150,000 square kilometers. The following islands are included in the continent:
- Malvinsky;
- Tobago;
- Trinidad;
- Galapogos;
- Chonos archipelago;
- archipelago Tierra del Fuego.
Keep in mind that the area of South America is almost always measured along with its islands. Some sources immediately indicate that the islands belong to various South American countries.
South American countries
On average, the area of South America is divided between 12 large countries, which are located in territories of ambiguous size:
- Brazil.
- Argentina.
- Peru.
- Colombia.
- Bolivia.
- Venezuela.
- Chile.
- Paraguay.
- Ecuador.
- Guyana.
- Uruguay.
- Suriname.
The countries of South America occupy more than 13% of the land on the planet by area.
General characteristics of the countries of South America
Of course, each of the countries on the continent has its own special characteristics, but something in common between them still exists. First of all, this economic development, all twelve largest countries can be classified as developing. Their economy is just starting to new level, and the main activity is Agriculture. Surprisingly, European intervention in the history of the development of Latin American peoples significantly affected the language base of the population. Spanish is recognized as the main language on the continent, it is spoken by residents of nine countries out of twelve.
What is the area of the largest country in South America?
most major country Brazil is considered to be on the mainland, its area is approximately 8,500,000 square kilometers. It is worth saying that Brazil is also the most populous country on the continent, its population exceeds 200,000,000 people.
Brazil ranks fifth in the world in terms of territory and population. Many analysts explain this as a kind of "law of the soil", which allows a child born in the country to acquire Brazilian citizenship, regardless of the citizenship of his parents.
You can talk about the continent of South America for an infinitely long time, because everything here is surprisingly unusual and so unlike what Europeans are used to seeing around them. No wonder the navigators who discovered America called it a real "wonder of the world."
South America: geographical position . Two continents - South and North America- form a single part of the world under the common name America. These continents are interconnected by the Isthmus of Panama, through which in 1920 the navigable Panama Canal was dug, connecting the Pacific and Atlantic oceans. South America is located in the Western Hemisphere and is washed by the waters of the Pacific (in the west) and Atlantic (in the north and east) oceans. Mainland area approx. 18 million sq. km. In its shape, South America is similar to a triangle, tapering to the south. The length of South America from north to south along 70 degrees W. — 7350 km, and from west to east along the 10th degree north latitude. — 4655 km.
Extreme points of South America:
- Northern - Cape Galinas 12°25′ N, 71°39′ W
- Western - Cape Parinas 4°40′ S, 81°20′ W
- Eastern - Cape Cabo Branco 7°10′ S, 34°47′ W
- South - Cape Froward 53°54′ S, 71°18′ W
In the east, the mainland is washed by the waters Pacific Ocean, in the north and west - Atlantic. Coastline cut very weakly. Only in the southeast there are several not very large bays: La Plata, San Matias, San Jorge and Baia Grande. To the north is the only Caribbean Sea.
Relief and geological structure.
The relief of South America is represented by plains and plateaus in the east and mountain ranges in the west of the mainland. The relief of the eastern part is based on the ancient South American platform. Large low-lying plains formed on it - the Amazonian, Orinokskaya, La Platskaya, composed of strata of marine and continental sediments. The Brazilian and Guiana highlands, 500 to 2500 m high, are confined to the shields (raised sections of the platform).
In the west of the mainland, the Andes, or Andean Cordillera, stretch for 9000 km from north to south, separating the rest of the continent from the Pacific Ocean. This is a folded region of Alpine age; is a continuation of the North American Cordillera and consists of parallel ranges. Between the ridges are the Central Andean highlands and plateaus. The mountain-building processes in the Andes have not ended, so earthquakes and volcanic eruptions are frequent here.
The largest peaks
: Aconcagua – 6960m(Argentina), Ojos del Salado- 6880m (Chile), Tupungato- 6800m (Argentina-Chile), Huascaran - 6768m (Peru), Ankouma - 6550m (Bolivia), Illimani - 6402m (Bolivia).
The largest volcanoes
: Lullaillaco – 6723m(Argentina-Chile), Sajama- 6520m (Bolivia), Koropuna- 6425m (Peru), San Pedro - 5974m (Chile).
Climate.
The geographic location and configuration of the mainland determine how a large number warmth throughout the year. South America - the wettest continent on the ground. A lot of moisture is brought from the Atlantic Ocean trade winds. the way air masses the Andes block the Pacific Ocean.
South America is located in equatorial, subequatorial, tropical, subtropical and moderate climatic zones.
Most of the Amazonian lowland and the northeast coast of the mainland are located in equatorial belt. The air temperature during the year is +25-28 °C. The amount of precipitation is from 1500 to 3500 mm, in the foothills of the Andes - up to 7000 mm.
subequatorial belt The northern and southern hemispheres are connected on the east coast, fringing the equatorial climatic zone. There is a seasonality in the distribution of precipitation. A large number of them - 2000 mm - falls in the summer. The rainy season in the Northern Hemisphere is from May to December, in the Southern Hemisphere from December to May. Air temperature +25 °С. Winter comes with the advent of tropical continental air. Precipitation is practically non-existent; air temperature +20 °С.
Tropical climate zone.
Located only in the Southern Hemisphere. Air temperature +20 °С. It is divided into two types of climate. Humid tropical climate formed in the east and southeast of the Brazilian Highlands under the influence of trade winds that bring moisture. Precipitation is less than in the subequatorial zone. To the west, precipitation decreases and forms dry tropical climate. The cold Peruvian current has a great influence here. There is an inversion of temperatures: the air is saturated with moisture, but it is very cold, as a result of precipitation does not fall. Here is the coastal desert Atacama.
subtropical belt located south of 30º S. sh., within its limits three types of climate are formed. On the west coast subtropical mediterranean climate with dry, cool summers (+20 °С) and humid warm winters (+10 °С, cloudy rainy weather prevails). As we move deeper into the mainland, the climate becomes continental subtropical. Precipitation falls only 500 mm. Formed on the east coast subtropical humid climate: summer temperature in January +25 °С, and winter temperature in July +10 °С, precipitation falls up to 2000 mm per year.
temperate climate zone located south of 40º S. Formed on the west coast maritime temperate type climate: warm humid winter (+5 °С), humid cool summer (+15 °С); precipitation - up to 2000 mm and more. In the eastern part of the belt - temperate continental type climate: winter is colder (0 °С), summer is warm (+20 °С). Precipitation - 300 mm.
formed in the Andes mountain type climate. Here climatic zones replace each other according to the law of vertical zoning. At the foot of the mountains, the climate does not differ from the surrounding areas. As you rise, the temperature and precipitation change.
Land waters.
South America is rich inland waters. Most of the rivers are fed by rain, some get water from the melting of snow and ice in the mountains. The largest river Earth Amazon(6400 km). The area of its river basin is 7 million km2- This is almost 40% of the mainland. Being in a zone of high humidity, the river is full of water all year round. The river floods twice a year: in May during rains in the Southern Hemisphere and in October-November in the Northern Hemisphere.
Unlike the Amazon River Orinoco(2730 km) and Paraná(4380 km) have a pronounced seasonal runoff. The flood period on the rivers falls on the summer wet season. Flowing down from the Andes rivers in the upper reaches form waterfalls. On one of the tributaries of the Orinoco is the highest waterfall in the world - Angel (1054 m); On one of the tributaries of the Parana is the Iguazu Falls.
South America is the fourth largest continent belonging to the group of southern continents: the map shows that most of it is located in the Southern Hemisphere, and only a small region of it is in the Northern Hemisphere. On the total area 17,800 sq. km there are 12 countries of South America, as well as 3 independent territories, and each of the countries has its own state language, flag, currency, culture and customs. Let us consider in more detail which states are part of South America.
general characteristics
South America is characterized amazing variety and indescribable flavor of absolutely all countries located on the territory of the continent.
Before the conquest of the mainland in the 16th century by the Spanish conquerors, Indians lived here. After a while, the Portuguese and Spaniards brought Africans to the continent as a labor force. Subsequently, many regions of South America were settled by immigrants from Western and of Eastern Europe. Despite the great differences in culture, religion and common way life different nations live in a common area surprisingly calmly, without serious conflicts.
Rice. 1. The population of South America
On a racial basis, the entire population of the mainland can be divided into three main types:
- Indians;
- Europeans;
- black people.
In Colombia, Venezuela, Paraguay and Ecuador, the local population for the most part represented by mestizos - descendants of Indians and Europeans. In Brazil, Venezuela and Colombia, there are quite a lot of representatives negroid race, and in Chile, Uruguay and Argentina - the advantage for the Europeans. And only in Peru and Bolivia do indigenous peoples of South America form the majority.
The most widely spoken languages are Spanish and Portuguese. However, the population of South America is so diverse and many-sided that here you can hear English, French, German, Italian speech - these foreign languages are the most popular and are taught in school. Russian is spoken only by tourists and immigrants from the countries of the former Soviet Union. Often on the streets you can hear the colorful speech of the native Indians: Aymara, Quechua, Guara, Araucan.
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Rice. 2. South America on the map
Table “List of South American countries and their capitals”
| The name of the country | Capital | Language | Currency | Areas of South American countries, sq. km |
| Argentina | Buenos Aires | Spanish | Argentine peso | 2 766 890 |
| Bolivia | La Paz, Sucre | Spanish, Quechua, Aymara, Guarani and 33 other languages | Boliviano | 1 098 581 |
| Brazil | Brasilia | Portuguese | Brazilian Real | 8 514 877 |
| Venezuela | Caracas | Spanish | Venezuelan bolivar | 916 445 |
| Guyana | Georgetown | English | Guyanese dollar | 214 970 |
| Colombia | Santa Fe de Bogota | Spanish | Colombian peso | 1 138 910 |
| Paraguay | Asuncion | Spanish, Guarani | Paraguayan Guarani | 406 752 |
| Peru | Lima | Spanish, Quechua | New salt | 1 285 220 |
| Suriname | Paramaribo | Dutch | Suriname dollar | 163 270 |
| Uruguay | Montevideo | Spanish | Uruguayan peso | 176 220 |
| Chile | Santiago | Spanish | Chilean peso | 756 950 |
| Ecuador | Quito | Spanish | U.S. dollar | 283 560 |
| Dependencies | ||||
| french guiana | cayenne | French | Euro | 86 504 |
| Falkland Islands | Stanley | English | Falkland Islands pound | 12,173 |
| South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands | Grytviken | English | GBP | 3 093 |
Brief overview of the countries of South America
Each country of the continent has its own characteristics.
- Brazil It is the largest country in terms of area and population. Known throughout the world for its first-class beaches and carnivals in Rio de Janeiro.
Rice. 3. Carnival in Rio de Janeiro
- Argentina - notable for its capital Buenos Aires, which annually hosts the famous carnival procession.
- Bolivia - Sucre is officially considered the capital of the country, but the local government prefers the largest and beautiful city in Bolivia, La Paz.
- Venezuela - a country in which the north comes into its possession. On the outskirts of Caracas is located national park with untouched tropical nature.
- Guyana - This is a country of constantly wet jungle. Up to 90% of the territory of Guyana is occupied by dense forests.
- Guiana - despite the fact that this is the territory of South America, however, it is impossible to get into this French region without a visa.
- Colombia - is distinguished by a large number of museums, which contain the richest cultural and historical heritage. This country is a symbiosis of two cultures - Indian and European.
- Paraguay - a country that does not have its own access to the sea. In the capital - Asuncion - there are many original architectural monuments.
- Peru - a mountainous country located in the Andes west coast. It is full of mysteries and amazing stories, because it was here that the Inca civilization once developed.
- Suriname - most small state South America, which has preserved a unique colonial style.
- Uruguay - the country is famous, first of all, thanks to its traditional carnival, which in its significance and scope is in no way inferior to the Argentinean.
- Chile - the country is located in a very picturesque place, along the Pacific coast, partly in the highlands of the Andes.
- Ecuador - an equatorial country in which monuments of ancient culture and museums have been preserved.
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