In this article:
Wood as a building material will never lose its popularity. And in the light of today's trends, when all over the world they are fighting for the naturalness and environmental friendliness of their own environment - and even more so.
Lumber is in demand in many areas - from the production of wooden houses and building elements (doors, windows, floor coverings) to the manufacture of furniture, accessories and utensils. Therefore, the wood harvesting business is very promising.
Proper organization is the foundation of a successful business
Despite high profitability rates, according to statistics, about 70% of newly opened sawmills are closed before they have even been in operation for a year. The main reason- bureaucratic delays (issuance of permits, coordination with firefighters, local administration, forestry, compliance with environmental supervision requirements) and ill-conceived business policy.
It often happens like this: copying someone's successful project, an entrepreneur issues a logging permit “where it is easier” or has the appropriate connections, purchases equipment and starts logging. And then it turns out that the delivery of timber from this area "eats" most arrived.
That is why at the planning stage it is important not only to find a suitable piece of forest, but also to assess the number of competitors, their pricing policy, and the structure of consumer demand:
- availability of wood processing enterprises;
- demanded raw materials (raw board, round timber, timber);
- types of wood.
It is also necessary think over the delivery of raw materials from the plot(if the sawmill is not located directly on the site), export finished products for further implementation, etc. Our forests do not abound with roads, so it is quite possible that you will have to pave the way to the site on your own.
Particular attention should be paid to the features of processing and the process of harvesting wood. The most popular varieties today: pine (mainly northern species), oak, ash, larch.
But, for example, oak wood is very hard and requires special sharpening for saws; larch - impregnated with viscous resins that quickly disable equipment; pine - unsuitable for processing in summer, as the wood quickly turns blue.
Legal aspects of opening a sawmill
If the sale of finished products is planned to the population or the production of wood is for the own needs of the main enterprise, it makes sense to register it as an individual entrepreneur (less taxes). But keep in mind that OKVED 20.1 "Sawing and planing of wood" does not fall under UTII.
Tax options:
- USN-patent(it is necessary to clarify in the tax office whether patents for wood processing are issued in this region);
- USN 6% from the total amount of profit or 15% of the difference between income and confirmed costs.
In the first case, you can do the bookkeeping yourself, in the second, it is better to hire an accountant or an outsourcing company, since not all costs arising from economic activity can be included in the costs.
But if the main buyer is woodworking plants and large enterprises, it is impossible to do without registration of a legal entity (preferably an LLC).
OKVED, which will be needed during registration:
- 02.01.1 Logging;
- 02.02.2 Provision of logging services;
- 20.1 Sawing and planing of wood;
- 51.53.1 Wholesale of timber.
Harvesting and sawing wood is no longer a licensed activity ( in 2008, Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 595 of August 14, 2002 was officially canceled).
Logging: buy raw materials or mine it yourself?
Before looking for a room and placing equipment, it is necessary to determine the technological chain of the production process. If you do not plan to get involved with independent logging, it is enough to look for a site suitable for installing a sawmill, with a convenient transport interchange for the delivery of imported raw materials. If the production is based on own logging, it is necessary to issue a lease of a forest plot for cutting down in the forest department.
According to the Forest Code of the Russian Federation, a forest cannot be sold into private ownership, so we can only talk about renting a forest plot. That is, even if you bought a plot with green spaces, cutting them down is impossible without an appropriate document - in any case, you need to issue a permit. The procedure for obtaining this document and its price vary depending on the region.
The first thing to do– find out from the local forestry office which plots are rented out and whether deforestation is allowed in the region. A ban on logging may be imposed if the plants are listed in the Red Book, the forest plantation has a certain recreational, agricultural or road value.
Felling of forest plantations and obtaining permits for its implementation is regulated in each region by a special resolution "On the procedure for issuing permits for the felling of trees and shrubs." Cost calculation- is also established on an individual basis according to a certain formula, which must be specified in this document.
After informational "intelligence", you need to arm yourself with patience and plunge into the world of bureaucratic delays:
1. Auction for felling
1. It is necessary to find out the time of the next auction for the provision of cutting sites, which is held by the authorities in agreement with the forestry. Examine the conditions (usually, this is the set rental price plus compensatory transfers for landscaping). Submit an application, pay an entrance ticket and participate in the tender.
2. Application for cutting down
If no auctions are expected in the near future, you can write an application to the local administration for a permit for felling (indicating the cadastral number of the site or the conditional number made by land surveying; the area; the type of trees growing on it, the goals of felling and other parameters upon request ).
3. Additional list of documents
Additionally, the following documents may be required:
- a document on the ownership of this site (in the case of a lease - a permit for cutting down from the owner);
- coordination with the forestry/forest department;
- an act of inspection of plantings;
- site plan and other documentation on request.
4. Necessary conditions for issuing a permit
The issuance of a permit is possible only if the costs of compensatory landscaping are reimbursed, the cost of which should be transferred to local budget immediately after the positive decision of the administration.
As a matter of fact, it is possible to bypass the moment of obtaining permits and approvals, if we consider the opening of only a sawmill, having agreed on the supply of timber. But, as you yourself understand, the reliability of such a supply channel is very doubtful (what if tomorrow the harvesting is closed or suspended for repairs, the raw materials are outbid by competitors or the supplier raises the price sharply?).
In addition, the difference in cost is significant (purchase of sawlogs - from 1800 rubles / m 3, the cost of material for self-harvesting - from 200 m 3 / cu), therefore, despite great amount bureaucratic obstacles, most large sawmills work only if they have their own logging sites. But for running a small business, you can also consider the option of purchased raw materials.
Requirements for the premises for opening a sawmill
Ideally, the sawmill should be located right on the site or in close proximity to it - this way you can save a lot on delivery. A large-scale production facility is not required for this business. It is possible to equip a small room for receiving orders, meeting with customers and technical needs, with dimensions of about 20 m 2.
The best option for opening a sawmill is a plot of at least 30 acres, which has:
- Canopy to protect the equipment from adverse weather conditions (indoors, it is recommended to use only sawmills with a special waste collection system). Based on dimensions band sawmill(8 * 2 * 2.4 m), the square of the canopy must be at least 10 * 20 m, and the height - 5 m (if a beam crane is planned to work). One of the walls along the length of the equipment should be made solid - it is more convenient to collect sawdust.
- Access roads (and, preferably, not only for special vehicles).
- Ability to connect to the mains (which is the biggest problem for installing a sawmill right on the site).
- A warehouse for the placement of raw materials (should contain 50% of the monthly demand for blanks) and be equipped according to the requirements of SNiP21-05-2003 "Warehouses of timber materials".
- Closed warehouse for storage of finished products.
Many private entrepreneurs make the mistake of starting work on their own plot of land (for example, a summer cottage or on the territory of a private house). The sawmill belongs to industrial equipment, therefore, for its operation, it is necessary to alienate land to the fund for industrial work.
Purchase of sawmill equipment
After completing all required documents and the availability of a room / site for production, you can buy the sawmill itself directly. There are several types of machines for sawing fallen logs, and it is recommended to choose them based on the volume of planned production:
1. Mini circular saws
It is possible to consider such equipment for industrial purposes only with a small volume of production (for example, for your own small enterprise). These units are compact, consume a minimum of energy, but nozzles require frequent replacement, and performance leaves much to be desired.
2. Band sawmill
Band sawmill is considered the best equipment for small and medium-sized businesses.
On average, it processes 5-10 m 3 per shift (depending on the manufacturer).
Main advantages:
- minimum amount of waste (about 20%);
- low power consumption (on average, 50 W);
- reasonable price (about $3.5 thousand).
Main disadvantage– the need to change the saw blade frequently, on average, every 3 hours.
3. Frame sawmill
Frame sawmill– a machine with high productivity, capable of ensuring the continuous operation of an enterprise with large production volumes. But it will require mandatory installation on the foundation and a large amount of energy. Another disadvantage is the high percentage of waste.
Features of the procurement of raw materials
Sawn raw materials for sawmill operation are logs / logs of various tree species (the so-called "round timber").
Get it like this:
1. Forest felling
There are two ways to fell trees: uprooting or rootless felling. The most common is the second one. This type of logging work is carried out using portable chain saws or fellers. Trunks are sawn down at ground level, at the root or leaving stumps (the permitted cutting method is negotiated with the forestry).
They uproot the forest with the help of bulldozers, but this method is used only if the land with clearing is intended for agricultural land, road construction or housing.
2. Technological process of logging
The main requirement for a feller is to fell a tree in a given direction:
- on technological scheme, developed for this cutting area (all trees fall in one direction);
- in the direction, which is calculated individually in complex cases.
Such calculations are necessary, since it is rather difficult to predict the direction of the natural fall of a tree - the influence of natural factors (direction and strength of the wind, inclination of the trunk, shape of the crown, etc.) is great. Incorrect technology or inexperience of a feller can lead to industrial injuries, damage to equipment, destruction of other plantations and forest undergrowth (which is punishable by serious fines).
After the fallen trees are cleaned from branches and twigs (waste in without fail removed and disposed of). The blanks are sawn into logs (standard length: 5.5 - 6.5 m for coniferous and 4 - 4.5 m for hardwood), sorted by diameter, species, quality, tied, stacked on timber trucks or special trailers with fences and transported to the sawmill shop.
Description of the technological process of the sawmill
The principle of operation of the sawmill itself is quite simple:
1. Fixing the log
The log is securely fixed with special clamps and stops. The maximum diameter of the workpiece is indicated in the characteristics of the equipment, usually it is 80-110 cm. The standard length of the sawing table (and, accordingly, the log) is about 7 m, but it is possible to extend it on order. If the logs are medium-sized, you can install two blanks at the same time.
2. Control of the tension force of the saw
The tension force of the saw is controlled by a manometer, set manually or automatically on the sawmill control panel.
3. Setting the cutting parameters
The cutting parameters (length, width, thickness of the board) are set according to the dimensions of the scale bar. The top layer of the bark is removed. A horizontal saw cuts a log into boards, moving strictly horizontally with the help of special rollers;
4. Flipping a log
When the cut reaches the middle of the log, the equipment stops. The log, manually or with the help of an electromechanical lift, is turned over with the bark up.
5. Again the stage of fixing the log
The workpiece is fixed again, the sawing process is completed depending on the lumber produced.
As a result, you can get the following products:
- unedged board;
- edged board;
- timber and other lumber.
For the manufacture of edged boards, one of the sawing options is to fix unedged blanks on the table to remove the bark from each side.
A high-quality timber is cut only from the sound part. To obtain segmented bars, heartwood is cut crosswise. In the production of half timber - along the longitudinal axis.
During the operation of the sawmill, a large amount of wood waste is generated, which can be used for the needs of the enterprise (for example, for heating the premises) or as a raw material for the additional production of fuel capsules.
Logging and lumber obtained from them must comply with the following GOSTs:
- GOST 8486-86 “Softwood lumber. Specifications»
- GOST 2695-83 Hardwood lumber. Specifications»
- GOST 24454-80 “Softwood lumber. Dimensions»
- GOST 18288-87 “Sawmill production. Terms and Definitions"
- GOST 6782.2-75 “Sawn hardwood products. Shrinkage value "
- GOST 7319-80 “Sawn timber and blanks of hardwood. Atmospheric drying and storage»
- GOST 26002-83 "Softwood sawn timber of northern sorting"
Business plan for opening a sawmill
Consider economic justification the opening of a small production of unedged boards with the main equipment - a band sawmill. For example, the indicators of the woodworking machine PT-03U Krona were used.
1. Initial data:
Organizational form of doing business - IP on the simplified tax system (6%);
The number of employees - 2 people. Piecework payment, depending on the output, at the rate of 250 rubles / m 3 (sawyer) and 100 rubles / m 3 (sawyer's assistant);
The duration of the work shift is 8 hours / day;
The number of shifts per month is 22.
2. Capital investment
It is planned to purchase a band sawmill in the minimum configuration:
- PT-03U Krona - 170,000 rubles;
- sharpening device - 23,500 rubles;
- band saws - 10 pieces * 720 rubles = 7200 rubles;
- adjustable device - 15,000 rubles.
Total 215,700 rubles.
To accommodate the equipment, it is planned to lease a plot of 30 acres with a warehouse for raw materials and finished products. Arrangement of a utility room and a shed for a sawmill will cost 55,000 rubles.
Total capital investment - 270,700 rubles.
3. Raw materials and material costs
Purchased round timber blanks will be used as input raw materials. The cost of raw materials is 2100 rubles / m 3.
The cost of electricity is 5 rubles / kW.
4. Productivity and profit
Productivity per shift - 7 m 3 (yield of edged material - 60%), Productivity per month - 7 m 3 * 22 shifts - 154 m 3.
The selling price of the finished board is 5,760 rubles / m 3
Planned profit per month - 154 m 3 * 5,760 rubles / m 3 \u003d 887,040 rubles.
5. Salary and social contributions
FOT - 154 m 3 * 350 rubles = 53,900 rubles / month;
Payroll taxes (37.5%) - 20,212.50 rubles / month.
6. Planning monthly expenses and the cost of 1 m 3 of products
Plot rent - 30,000 rubles / month;
Loader rental - 9,500 rubles / month;
The cost of raw materials at the entrance: 258 m 3 * 2,100 rubles / m 3 \u003d 541,800 rubles / month;
Electricity consumption - 8 h * 12 kW / h * 5 rubles * 22 work / shifts = 10,560 rubles / month;
Transportation costs - 20,500 rubles;
Income tax (USN) - 887,040 rubles * 6% = 53,222.40 rubles / month;
Salary expenses - 53,900 rubles + 20,212.50 rubles = 74,112.50 rubles / month.
Unforeseen expenses - 30,000 rubles / month
Total: 769,649.90 rubles / month
The cost of 1 m 3 of unedged boards: 769,649.90 rubles: 154 m 3 / month = 4998.02 rubles.
7. Profit and payback
Net profit: 887,040 rubles - 769,649.90 rubles = 117,390.10 rubles / month.
Payback of capital investments - 2.3 months (270,700 rubles: 117,390.10 rubles)
Currently, most people are actively building private houses and cottages from wood, which means that a lot of special materials are needed to carry out this work. Therefore, builders require the presence of sawmills.
As a rule, they almost completely provide it with wood materials. Boards that have been processed make it possible to save a large amount of your time when carrying out construction works. Therefore, many people face the question of how competently it is necessary to draw up a business plan in order for the sawmill to bring in money.
Selecting a site for a sawmill
Before you start compiling your sawmill business project, you need to decide on its location in your city. In order to do this, you will need to rent land. A place to install a sawmill should be chosen away from private residential buildings, municipal enterprises, but close to the forest belt. These factors are one of the most important in this matter, since the close location of the forest will serve you as a purchase of it on the vine. The chosen option is considered quite profitable, because the price of such a forest is much less than usual. For the location of the sawmill, the territory is usually divided into separate sections:
- Area for warehousing and storage of timber;
- Area for storage of processed raw materials and its further storage;
- The site on which the sawmill itself will be located.
It is best that there is some kind of reservoir near the sawmill, so that you can bring cold water. All these points are important for creating this business. Therefore, every beginner who wants to make a profit from his own sawmill needs to think about them.
Drawing up a business plan for a sawmill
Sawmill as a business can bring good income. However, first of all, it is necessary to draw up in order to make the organization of this business competent. So, every entrepreneur must approach the preparation of his business project thoroughly, and with great responsibility. In it, you should correctly foresee everything and think about your further actions. First of all, this business project should contain information about hiring a workforce, purchasing the necessary equipment, as well as registering an enterprise. Before you start creating, you need to start monitoring the market in this city. And it is best to entrust the preparation of a business project to professionals. It should include the following sections:
- The cost of finished products;
- Determining the number of competitors in the sales market;
- Availability of potential customers.
How to choose a room for a sawmill
In an organization such as a sawmill, it is mandatory to have:
- warehouse for storing manufactured products,
- workshops for repair and production,
- sanitary rooms (toilet and shower),
- recreation areas for employees
- locker rooms.
It is also necessary to provide for the presence of offices for management and engineers.
Selection of raw materials and technology
Recruitment of the necessary personnel
A sawmill business cannot exist without staff. A sawmill, like any other enterprise, needs to be provided with staff. The number of employees directly depends on total area sawmills. The most important advantage is the fact that you can decently save on employees. In this case, it is necessary to provide not hourly wages, but piecework. Payment occurs after the completion of a specific order. In order for this enterprise to start making a profit, it is necessary to increase the productivity of products to 600 cubic meters. The company must work - a security guard, workers involved in the manufacture of products, a cleaner, and, of course, a manager.
Basic expenses and income
A sawmill as a business is not a costly affair. However, profitability in this case will occur if there are orders after a short period of time. It is worth listing the main costs that will have to be invested in organizing a sawmill.
The purchase of the necessary equipment for wood processing will be approximately $ 3,500.
It will also be necessary to spend money on paying for the rent of the selected area for arranging a sawmill. AT this case you will need 40 acres of land. Renting this site will cost you approximately 100-200 thousand. rub.
Other costs will need to be spent on the purchase of raw materials. There is no special need in this case to purchase chopped wood. It is quite possible to conclude an agreement for the purchase of a personal forest plot and make purchases in the bud. This action is carried out with permission from the relevant organizations.
Large expenditures will require communications and electricity. The total amount of your expenses will be approximately 1,000,000 rubles.
To meet the demand for your wood from consumers, you need to produce high quality products. For example, 1 m3 of wood has a cost of 3500 tons. rub., then after its processing, its price will be 7500-8000 thousand rubles. rubles.
Registration and collection of the necessary documentation
This type of activity should be conducted honestly and within the framework of existing laws. To organize this business, first of all, it is necessary to register with the tax authority or LLC. Obtaining an IP certificate is a cheaper and less expensive option. But in the case of a purchase and sale transaction, it is no longer possible to carry it out with a legal entity.
If you register an LLC, then these transactions can be made with individuals and legal entities. You should also draw up documents for obtaining permission from Rospotrebnadzor in order to be able to equip a sawmill. And for the purchase of raw materials, it is necessary to obtain permission from the organization that protects nature.
Financial savings
How to save money on opening a sawmill, perhaps, a large number of businessmen ask this question. And yet there are options that make it possible to save costs when creating this enterprise. Let's talk about them in detail in this part of the article.
First of all, you can use equipment, the cost of which is not very high, and during its operation, the waste residues are small, and, as a rule, these are chips. This option is the most optimal, since the waste of raw materials does not need to be disposed of, you can simply use it as fuel for your furnaces. In this case, you can save on almost everything.
Second savings option Money is a partial wage payment for employees working in your enterprise.
And the last option is the independent implementation of the procurement of raw materials. In this case, we mean the use of standing trees as the starting material. This method allows you to significantly reduce financial costs, and the quality of manufactured products will remain the same.
The organization of any own business must be aimed not only at obtaining a high income, but also at all possible occurrence of costs in production.
Profitability
Any businessman who treats his business responsibly enough understands that the success of this enterprise primarily depends on productive work employees of this organization. Indeed, the more machines and workers are involved in the shop, the more successfully your activity will develop.
Men should be hired young age or average. The future employee should not have bad habits. In order for employees to accurately perform their duties, it is necessary to provide them with normal conditions. You should: buy overalls for each worker, organize recreation in a heated room specially designated for this purpose, which has a hotel bathroom.
Based on this, it should be noted that if you have a great desire and you have the financial means, then in your case, the sawmill will be the most suitable business. And the initial costs will pay off in just 2-3 years. Of course, it all depends on the performance of your enterprise. If it is approximately 600 cubic meters of finished wood per month, then the overall profitability of the sawmill will be quite large. These factors must be taken into account when creating your business project.
The sawmill business concept is based on the provision of sawing, marking, drying and packaging services. various kinds lumber according to customer requirements. The demand for this service format is provided by the following determining factors:
- Growing demand for high-quality finished and processed wood from construction companies, design studios, especially those working in the sector of low-rise private construction, where priority is increasingly given to environmentally friendly finishing and construction materials, including natural wood.
- Demand for sawn timber of a given standard from many companies engaged in activities related to the processing of certain goods from wood - doors, curtains, parquet tiles, furniture, souvenirs, framing workshops, etc.
- Demand for marketable lumber from companies that export standardized high quality lumber shipped overseas.
Basically, the essence of the business is based on the fact that not all companies, one way or another working with wood at the primary stage of processing, can have on their balance sheet or own a separate sawmill with a full production cycle.
The main task of a company providing primary wood processing services is to comply with all the necessary standards, standard sizes of finished products in full compliance with customer requirements. At the same time, the sawmill can work both with its own raw materials (roundwood) and with raw materials provided by the client himself. For example, if processing is required, sawing special types of wood with certain conditions.
In general, the business is designed for the small-scale wholesale market of sawn timber of local or regional significance, with the prospect of entering the provision of services to the owners of large lots of sawn timber, including those for export.
Amount of initial investment 1 043 000 rub.
The payback period is 19 months
Average monthly profit 155 000
rub.
The break-even point is reached at 4
month of work
Profitability of sales 31%
2. Description of the business, product or service
The basic format of the service provided by the sawmill contains several typical services:
- Preparation of wood for processing - sorting, drying, storage.
- Sawing wood raw materials
- Packaging of finished products in pallets.
- Delivery to destination.
The work of the sawmill can be built both on its own raw materials and on the client's wood. In the first case, it is necessary to provide for the technology of preparing raw materials for processing - that is, to have at least a storage warehouse, in some cases - drying chambers.
Also, as an additional option, if the technology of non-waste production is used, it is possible to provide customers with the following services:
- Sawing wood raw materials for the needs of the population, for example, sawing firewood. Also, numerous tourist centers can use similar services, where natural wood raw materials are used for heating, saunas, baths, barbecue, etc.
- Sale of wood chips and sawdust.
- Work on individual orders
In each case, the volume and form of services provided by the sawmill should be guided by the needs of the local market, so that the equipment is constantly loaded and, accordingly, there is a given business efficiency.
SWOT analysis of the project
Strengths of the project | Weaknesses of the project |
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Project Opportunities | Project Threats |
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As a rule, the work of the sawmill now does not have a seasonal character, as before, when it was completely oriented towards the period of deforestation, which usually took place in winter time. The operating mode of the sawmill can have a standard 5-day view working week. Taking into account the wishes of customers, you can always arrange additional time to complete the order.
3. Description of the market
To describe the sales market for a company engaged in the primary processing of industrial wood, it is necessary to proceed from those customer groups that will be the main consumers of the services of the sawmill business.
Firstly, these are construction companies, design studios engaged in the construction of private houses and cottages. The market for individual housing construction in Russia is still only at the beginning of its development.
If we focus on the dynamics of the market over the past few years, then the commissioning of private houses in the country averages about 8 million square meters. m per year.
This is not so much, but the upward trend in demand suggests that this market will soon outpace the construction of apartment buildings in terms of volume. Moreover, the rural area accounts for about 2 million square meters. m, which is the 4th part of the entire market.
Second, the export direction of the market. In Russia, there are many companies, large and small (legal and semi-legal), one way or another engaged in the export of industrial wood or sawn timber to different countries. The first place in this market is occupied by such countries as China - 30.4 million cubic meters, Japan - 11 million cubic meters. m and the Republic of Korea almost 7 mln.
In general, the potential of the export sawn timber market is growing dynamically, and by 2020 the growth will be more than 15%.
Thirdly, the domestic market of lumber in Russia.
The domestic sawn timber market in Russia does not lag behind the world in terms of growth rates, and the annual demand is increasing by about 3-4% per year. Similar dynamics is observed for all groups of forest products of primary and secondary processing of wood raw materials (roundwood).
In the sawn timber market, demand will grow by more than 50% by 2020. In this market, the main players are not only construction companies, but also various companies using primary wood raw materials - furniture production, mechanical engineering, shipbuilding, etc.
As a result, we can draw a very definite conclusion:
- Products in the form of primary processing materials are in demand in the amount of at least 35 million cubic meters on average across the country.
- The dynamics of the market growth is stable, and for the most part the market is focused on domestic consumption, which gives it some protection from various global economic crises.
- Local markets as part of the all-Russian sawn timber market may have various features, but, in general, do not differ from the general trend in the country and will have a steady demand across the entire range of sawn timber.
4. Sales and Marketing
Also, a system of discounts should be used to attract customers, especially if the customer provides large volumes of timber for processing.
To sell products and provide services to the sawmill, you can use various channels of interaction with customers.
These sales channels can be:
- conclusion of long-term contracts with companies that need a constant supply of lumber;
- organizing the sale of finished lumber through your own website or online store;
- cooperation with major hardware stores or hypermarkets;
- participation in competitive bidding and auctions for state or municipal orders, take part in contract deliveries for state and municipal organizations.
5. Production plan
To organize such a business, for the first time, you can get by with registering an individual entrepreneur, which in terms of time will take only 3 days at the local division of the Federal Tax Service and will cost no more than 3 thousand rubles.
But, given the prospect of business development, when you have to work with legal entities that have the organizational and legal form of an LLC, you will have to look for an opportunity to work with VAT. In the future, it should be borne in mind that as the volume of product processing grows, it will be necessary to switch to the LLC form with a simplified taxation system, the tax base "income - expenses".
To organize a business, you should also:
- Obtain permission from local SES units to operate an industrial facility. Pass sanitary certification of workplaces.
- Pass inspection of the facility and obtain permission to operate it from local authorities Ministry of Emergency Situations (fire protection).
- Obtain a permit for the operation of industrial equipment from Rostekhnadzor, including when connecting a sawmill to high-voltage energy sources.
- Sign a lease agreement for land plot, industrial premises or take ownership of them.
- Conclusion of an agreement and setting the guard of the object in private security bodies or with local private security companies.
- Conduct staff recruitment.
6. Organizational structure
In order for the sawmill to work efficiently, efficiently and safely, only qualified personnel should be involved in the work.
AT staffing the following positions should be provided.
- Manager. He needs to have at least a technical education, practical experience and comprehensive knowledge of the operation of the equipment.
- Master. This position should also be held by a woodworking professional.
- Process line operators. Trained personnel with some experience in similar installations. Part-time forklift drivers.
- Electrician, equipment fitter. Can be used periodically, under a service agreement.
- Accountant. You can use the services of a remote employee or outsourcing.
The full calculation of the payroll for 24 months, taking into account the bonus part and insurance premiums, is presented in the financial model.
7. Financial plan
In any case, when choosing where the sawmill will be located, first of all, several important factors must be taken into account:
- Proximity to customers or proximity to the supplier of raw materials. If the demand is focused on small, small wholesale orders, on a special form of wood processing, then it is better to locate the sawmill closer to customers.
- If the clients are large construction companies, then it is better to locate the sawmill closer to the sources of raw materials: forest bases, transport hubs, industrial zones.
- When choosing a room for a sawmill, you should also pay priority attention to the possibility of connecting to an electrical network with a power of at least 20 kW.
- The optimal area is 70-120 sq. m. You will also need a platform for storing finished products in a small covered warehouse.
A convenient truck access for unloading / loading wood raw materials and sorting them should be taken into account.
To complete the sawmill with equipment, at the initial stage, you can get by with easy-to-maintain technological lines of Russian production. Prices for new sawmills range from 100 to 300 thousand rubles.
For a small sawmill with a work volume of not more than 200 cubic meters. m per month the following set of equipment will be optimal:
- Band sawmill with operating parameters of a processed tree trunk with a diameter of not more than 1 m.
- Sharpening machine for sharpening working knives and saws
- Machine for cutting profiled timber, laths or eurolining.
- Drying and packaging equipment. It can be purchased a little later, after the sawmill begins to generate a stable income.
- Electric forklift for unloading, moving lumber blanks inside the workshop.
In addition, you will need a set of special clothing, personal protective equipment for workers, fire fighting equipment, and ventilation.
At the planning stage entrepreneurial activity it is necessary to evaluate the possibilities of the sawmill as a business. Construction in Russia never stops. With any technology, wood products are used. also needs quality lumber. It is much more reasonable to engage in wood processing than to sell valuable species at the price of raw materials. This article will discuss how to open a sawmill and make it profitable.
You can start your woodworking business with a small budget sawmill worth about 400 thousand rubles. Powerful equipment will require from 1 million to 4 million rubles. The total cost of the project will be from 20 million rubles (equipment, land, buildings, transport, wood supplies). In the future, the sawmill can be upgraded into a high-tech woodworking enterprise.
Small production has a number of features:
- easier to control manufacturing process;
- you can exit the business with less losses;
- you can gradually buy more equipment;
- profit will be relatively small;
- such production can be mobile (mobile).
Based on the demand for lumber, you need to decide on the assortment. Main products: edged boards, planed timber, furniture boards, lining. Cable reels and fuel pellets increase production efficiency. For their manufacture, waste is used: sawdust, trimmings, shavings. can also be successfully combined with the manufacture of lumber. The main consumers of all the above products: private developers, construction markets and organizations, as well as furniture manufacturers.
Reviews of experienced entrepreneurs about the work of sawmills and woodworking as a business are mostly disapproving. There are problems with unscrupulous suppliers of raw materials. Convenient and high-quality service from the equipment manufacturer is not always established. Prices for foreign machine tools and spare parts are high.
In winter, demand drops, and equipment operates in harsh conditions. Not everyone has heated rooms and their own boiler rooms. In 2017 there were changes in the laws. Online cash desks and registration of transactions in EGAIS (automated information system) raises many questions and misunderstandings among logging companies and woodworkers. All these features must be taken into account when drawing up a business plan for your own sawmill.
Choosing a location and registering an enterprise
Production should be located no closer than 100 meters to a residential area. The presence of electricity and water is necessary for the operation of the equipment. The size of the territory is selected based on the volume of work. For a large farm, at least one hectare of land is needed.
Processing a tree next to a felling site is logistically sensible. Transportation costs for transporting raw materials are reduced, but delivery of goods to the final consumer can be expensive. It is necessary to look for a compromise. The outskirts of the city (40-50 km) or an industrial zone are suitable for arranging an enterprise.
You can register both an individual entrepreneur (see also the action plan) and a limited liability company (see). The first option - IP - gives more freedom in terms of working with cash, but the entrepreneur has to answer with personal property to creditors.
Attention! At the local branch of the tax service, you can select the OKVED activity codes suitable for the production and trade of lumber. For sawing, planing, the production of wooden structures, lumber, joinery, the manufacture of containers, codes are suitable: 16.10, 16.10.1-16.10.3, 16.23, 16.24.
To get started, you need to the following actions:
- carry out certification of workplaces;
- appoint a responsible person for safety (TB);
- pass an inspection by the Ministry of Emergency Situations fire safety;
- obtain a passport for production waste;
- obtain a sanitary and epidemiological conclusion.
When everything is ready, Rospotrebnadzor should be notified about the launch of wood processing production.
Landscaping and equipment selection
On the territory of a wood processing enterprise must be:
- warehouses for storage of raw materials and finished products;
- hangar for wood processing with various equipment;
- drying chambers;
- canopy for outdoor work;
- loader and truck with hydraulic manipulator.
There must be enough room for trucks to maneuver. The required power supply varies from 15 kW to 400 kW and directly depends on the peak power of the installed machines and sawmill.
The quality of material processing depends on the correct choice of sawmill. Minimum kerf increases board yield. A 2.5 mm cut is more profitable than a 4 mm cut. The output of the board is greater on the band sawmill, but the production is more difficult, the bands sometimes break. Machines with a wide band are 3-5 times more productive than sawmills with a narrow band.
The human factor, combined with the unreliable operation of the machine, can lead to poor quality materials. Therefore, it is necessary to have your own service equipment (grinding machine and tools for soldering, welding, forging) and your own master. The electromechanical log feeding optimizes the process and improves ergonomics. A sawmill per shift should produce at least 15-20 cubic meters of lumber.
Enterprise personnel
The personnel issue is one of the most important when opening a sawmill. Serious production employs at least two framers, auxiliary workers, a loader driver, assemblers of products and structures (pallets, fences, boxes, coils), operators of drying chambers and machine tools. Automation of production reduces staff turnover and increases production volumes.
Many entrepreneurs try to save on the salaries of employees and hire no more than 2-4 people. It is difficult to find skilled workers willing to work for minimal wages. Such savings can turn into trouble. Illiterate workers can disable equipment in one season. Breakdowns will lead to downtime. For this reason, many sawmills have closed.
Expenses and income
The main raw material used for the production of lumber is coniferous wood (pine, spruce, cedar). The cost of large and medium softwood round timber is 2700-3500 rubles per cubic meter. m. High-quality lumber is sold at 6000-8000 rubles per cubic meter. m. Part of the production is sold almost at the cost of raw materials. The output of finished products can be increased from 60% to 80% due to additional production. The practical profitability of a sawmill is in a wide range of 40% -70% and depends on the specifics of the business.
The volume of processed raw materials affects profitability. The average productivity of a small sawmill is 30-40 cubic meters. m lumber per day. With a monthly sale of 900-1200 cubic meters. m of production income will be approximately 4.5-6 million rubles. At the same time, the cost of purchasing raw materials will amount to 3.5-4.6 million rubles, current expenses will be 300-400 thousand rubles. The average profit will be 800 thousand rubles. The payback period with such indicators will be from one and a half to three years.
On a note:
Today, construction is one of the most profitable and actively developing industries, and wood is considered an elite and sought-after material.
It is actively used for the construction of private houses, cottages and other structures. Wooden buildings are beautiful and reliable, they bring people closer to nature, and therefore the rejection of the use of wood is not expected in the coming years. Being engaged in the manufacture of boards, you will always find an interested client and will not be left without profit.
But, like any other business, the production of boards at the sawmill has its own complexities and nuances.
In addition to the relevance of the direction, the advantages of the sawmill can also include relative cheapness of equipment. Indeed, the installation for sawing logs, with all its functionality, is not too expensive. But this business implies many other significant costs associated with the purchase of raw materials, the lease of space (and it will take a lot) and others. In any case, the initial capital must be considerable.
To manage your funds as efficiently as possible and try to save money, you need to have a clear business plan and clear view about what your job will be.
How to organize the work of a sawmill: a business plan
A business plan can always be ordered from professionals who provide such services, this will simplify your task. But this, again, is money, and you will have enough expenses anyway.
If you do decide to think things through on your own, the first step should be the standard one: market analysis.
Note needed for the following:
- Presence/absence of obvious competitors;
- The average cost of products manufactured in your city;
- Potential clients.
You should immediately identify companies that can subsequently cooperate with you, and make sure that this is the case.
Where to get raw materials?
Suppose that circumstances are favorable to you, and there is suitable soil for starting your own business.
But, in addition to the above, it is necessary to find out one more important question: Is deforestation allowed? in your city or region?
If not, don't even start as your business will be considered illegal. Such a ban may be imposed due to the presence in the forest of valuable species listed in the Red Book, or for other reasons.
Of course, always remains alternative way- purchase of finished raw materials. But experts do not recommend use it because it is unprofitable.
Such raw materials are expensive, and the risks that your business will not pay off increase significantly. In addition, the sawmill has one negative feature: due to the production costs of finished boards, it turns out to be many times less than there was material initially. If you count all the losses, in the end it turns out that the game is not worth the candle.
Acquire forest "on the vine" and independently engage in the extraction of raw materials better in every way. But expect that a lot of material will be required, forest resources should be enough for everything.
According to the law, it is impossible to acquire a forest plot in ownership, only its lease with an appropriate logging permit is allowed. If theoretically such an option is possible in your region, you will need to collect the following package of documents:
- Personal statement;
- Cutting permission from the owner of the participant, if you are renting the land, or a document confirming your ownership of the site;
- Permission from the forest department;
- Technical passport of the site (on request).
Deforestation is carried out in two ways:
- rootless way, when chain saws are used for felling,
- or by uprooting, then bulldozers or other machines capable of uprooting the tree are used.
The latter method is mainly used to free up land for agricultural purposes, and you are unlikely to need it.
Calculation of costs and income in . The size of the starting capital for the organization industrial business.
In a separate discussion, we will talk about accounting for economic efficiency in the business plan of a vegetable store.
Read about the prospects and profitability of the sawmill at. How to evaluate these indicators in a business plan?
Plot and premises
Use your own garden plot for sawmill theoretically possible, but undesirable, since industrial business requires land to be in the industrial works fund. Therefore, a more convenient way is to rent:
- You will need a fairly large area, at least 30 acres, and therefore be prepared that a significant part of the costs will go to rent.
- The closer you are to the forest, the better.
- In addition, it is desirable to be away from residential areas so as not to disturb anyone.
- At the same time, access roads to the sawmill should be convenient.
The site itself can be symbolically divided into three parts:
- for storage of raw materials,
- for storing finished boards
- and for the sawmill itself.
In addition, you will need a utility room for workers and an insulated bathroom. Immediately take care of a special canopy for your sawmill: after all, you will have to work in various weather conditions, and you can’t do without it.
Electricity is a separate issue.
Minimum power voltage for the sawmill - 50 kW, while electricity should work without failures, your earnings depend on it.
Therefore, a significant part of the funds will have to be invested in supplying the site with electricity.
Production technology
There are several varieties of sawmills, each of which has both pluses and minuses.
- Circular saws.
A simplified mini version for home use or small production.
Suitable for you only if you are not planning a serious production with the prospect of expanding your business. Saws are good for their compactness, but in terms of performance it is not the best option. And the constant need to change nozzles is depressing.
- .
At the present day is the most popular option, as it is easy to operate, does not require super complex adjustment, reliable and productive. But the problem with the nozzles remains - they need to be replaced approximately every three hours.
- Frame machines.
This equipment is the most powerful and has the highest performance. A significant disadvantage is that there is a lot of waste when using these machines.
Domestic equipment is cheaper, and it is more profitable to purchase it. But, at the same time, professionals recommend use imported nozzles and saws.
After processing the raw materials at the output, you can get two types of boards: edged and unedged. The latter retain edges and bark on the sides. Such products are cheaper, so it is better to focus on the production of edged boards.
Also, if you want to earn more, do not dispose of consumables:
- Wood can be useful for people for fuel, it can be sold.
- Sawdust and shavings are also often needed on the farm.
Use your resources to the maximum, this is very important in any business.
To make an economic calculation for a business plan for a small band sawmill, a video with a complete work process will help:
Personnel and advertising
A large part of the success and functionality of the sawmill depends on the diligence of the workers. Your task is to create the most comfortable working conditions for them, but at the same time stimulate them to work.
You should not set a fixed salary - it is better to let the employee's salary depends on the amount of processed products.
It is important to work productively at the sawmill: there will always be demand for goods, no labor will be superfluous. The more machines you have, with employees working behind them, the better for production.
If necessary, you can also hire:
- loader,
- driver,
- watchman, etc.
You need to promote your business in all available ways, don't skimp on advertising, announcements and signs.
A good way is to find manager or construction company, which will agree to attract buyers to you for a certain percentage of the proceeds. At first, while you are still gaining a client base, this option will be optimal for you.
Basic aspects . The financial side of organizing your own enterprise.
Overview of successful business ideas for implementation in rural areas.
Popular ideas for doing business in a small town are available at. What activities are easier to promote in a small town?
An example of a business plan for opening a sawmill
- Plot rent - up to 100 thousand rubles / month, depending on the area;
- Repair, arrangement of premises, electrification - 200 thousand rubles;
- The minimum equipment for a sawmill is 200-300 thousand rubles;
- Transportation costs - 30 thousand rubles / month;
- Employee salary - 50 thousand rubles / month;
- The cost of raw materials is about 2,500 rubles per m 3;
- Taxes - about 22 thousand rubles / month;
- Unforeseen expenses and trifles - 30 thousand rubles / month.
Total the size of the initial investment to open a medium-sized sawmill - about a million rubles, monthly deposit- 500-700 thousand rubles.
This type of business does not fully pay off quickly - in 2-2.5 years However, it also brings in a lot of income. This is an excellent choice for a determined, confident and hardworking entrepreneur.
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