More and more often we hear about programs "Applied Bachelor's Degree" and at the same time about complete absence understanding of this term.
This issue is perfectly covered in an interview with the director of the department of state policy in education of the Ministry of Education and Science Igor Remorenko (Izvestia newspaper).
« Applied Bachelor's Degree " - this is the name of the training program for students of secondary specialized and higher education educational institutions, starting this year.
It is expected that students, after studying for four years in this program, will become good practices and at the same time will have theoretical training at the level of higher education. That is, a kind of hybrid of a technical school and an institute is being created, in which in four years students will become full-fledged specialists. What this program is, says Igor Remorenko, director of the department of state policy in the field of education of the Ministry of Education and Science.
Izvestia: Igor Mikhailovich, an experiment to introduce an applied bachelor’s degree is now beginning. Tell us what it is and where the idea came from?
Igor Remorenko: The idea of the experiment appeared about five years ago. There were several reasons. Firstly, about 70% of children who graduate from secondary specialized educational institutions then enter a university, trying to get higher education. Sometimes they do this not even because of the need for additional education, but because of the status. It turns out that first they study for four years at a secondary specialized educational institution, and then for another three or four years, or even five years, if we talk about two-level education, at a university. At the same time, say, in some regions, graduates of pedagogical schools are rated higher than graduates of pedagogical universities. While the former, instead of working and building a career following fashion, are forced to receive higher education. It turns out that for a fairly large category of people, the period of study is unjustifiably increased, and all because of the formal status of a specialist with higher education.
Second - some professions last years have become significantly more complicated. And if previously technical skills were enough, now it is also necessary to know the theoretical basis, fundamental principles. For example, in metallurgy the technological process is becoming more complex, which is why you need to not only be able to perform specific actions at each stage, but also understand how the entire process works in order to do it at the right time. right choice between one action or another. And as specialties become more complex, the training of specialists approaches the level of higher education. These two circumstances determined the need for the experiment. High-tech specialties were selected, and it was decided to give students the opportunity to receive a full-fledged, and I emphasize, higher education. All this is done with the cooperation of secondary and higher educational institutions.
I: Which specialties were classified as high-tech?
Remorenko: Metallurgy, mechanical engineering, materials processing, and in these training courses elements of nanotechnology appear, which makes the subjects even more complex. Then computer science and computer science, where you need to understand programming trends and new directions. Next is economics and management, where you need to be able to do financial planning, and not just be an accountant. Energy, pedagogy and a number of other specialties are also included in this list. That is, specialists graduating within the framework of an applied bachelor's degree program must have not only competence in a specific field, but also be able to manage technological processes and understand business processes.
When selecting the directions in which the experiment will go, we, firstly, looked at which industries and the corresponding areas of training have established themselves as high-tech. Secondly, departments sent us their proposals, explaining which specialties they were interested in. And thirdly, the transition to new educational standards allows us to see what kind of competencies students need and how they relate to what educational institutions are able to provide. It is important that these new competencies relate specifically to higher education.
I: On what basis were educational institutions selected to participate in the program?
Remorenko: A competition was announced among educational institutions wishing to take part in the program. Each of the institutions formalized the experiment program and justified its actions and intentions. After an expert analysis of the programs, the competition commission selected thirty institutions; now, perhaps, nineteen more will be added to them. The experiment will take place over four years. Students participating in it will receive higher education with a bachelor's qualification.
I: When will the experiment start?
Remorenko: We can say that it has already begun. Applicants will be admitted this summer. Now we are preparing documents, recommendations, preparing questions and answers for educational institutions. We explain, for example, that applicants to an educational institution must be informed about the start of an experiment in such and such an educational program.
I: After the usual, many continue to study further, enrolling in a master's program. Will there be any difficulties with this for students in the applied bachelor's degree program?
Remorenko: Applied bachelor's programs are built primarily on the basis of the needs of practical activities in production, rather than on the needs research work. Therefore, it is, in fact, applied. But it must be said that master’s programs are not always research-based. There are master's programs where a person simply masters some serious technologies for their practical application. For example, real estate law, where a narrow segment is studied in great detail. A very practical thing. And in this sense, bachelors will not have any restrictions when entering a master’s program.
I: And for those who decide to engage in research work?
Remorenko: And this is quite possible. After completing a bachelor's degree, you will need to pass an exam to study in a master's program.
I: What are the specifics of the applied bachelor's degree? More practical classes suggest, in theory, that the student should devote a very significant part of his time to getting to know production process. Where will he do this? At enterprises?
Remorenko: In different ways. Of course, mastering technology is more important here than in regular bachelor's programs. Nowadays, there are often so-called “training grounds” on the basis of educational institutions themselves, where one can study this or that practical activity. In addition, in advanced technical educational institutions, as a rule, the proportion of people coming from enterprises is quite large. They receive new specialty, higher education, improve their qualifications. And they have the opportunity to quickly master modern equipment in their production. If there is no training ground, and the students came “from the street,” then contracts will be concluded with enterprises.
I: Will the applied bachelor's degree be free?
Remorenko: We are conducting this experiment for budget funds, and it has nothing to do with the number of places for state employees in other departments of educational institutions.
I: What result, in your opinion, will mean that the experiment was a success?
Remorenko: Firstly, this is an assessment of the quality of training by the employer. They are expected to participate in expert and examination committees, assessing how suitable new specialists are for them. Secondly, we will evaluate the extent to which such programs can be implemented across the entire network of colleges, and not just in a few dozen specially selected ones. It may turn out that out of the 30–40 educational institutions selected, ten are capable of providing a good education within the framework of this program, while the rest are not. But if the majority turns out to be capable, employers will be satisfied, and students will find it interesting and promising to study in such programs, then the applied bachelor’s degree has a great future.
I: And what is this future?
Remorenko: According to today’s data, 15–20% of Russia will be able to provide a higher education diploma based on the results of training in applied bachelor’s programs.
I: What benefits does participation in the experiment give to educational institutions themselves?
Remorenko: Gives you the status of a participant in the experiment, which allows you to use certain additional features when positioning their programs to consumers. Simply put, Educational establishment can add an applied bachelor's degree to its list of taught specialties. After all, as a rule, every good institution is now striving to enter the market and find an employer who would place orders with it to improve the qualifications of its specialists, especially for secondary vocational education. The crisis showed this. Quite a lot of organizations improved the skills of their welders, builders, etc. Participation in the experiment is an additional factor that positively affects the image of the educational institution.
I: In Russia they traditionally pride themselves on a good and extensive basic education, based on which a person can choose different areas of activity. Wouldn't it turn out that an applied bachelor's degree with its applied focus will significantly narrow the scope of training?
Remorenko: All over the world there is a process of reducing the number of areas of training. It's the same with us. Education is becoming, on the contrary, more universal. Let's say the data shows that the larger and more general the name of the specialty, the more children with high Unified State Exam scores enter it. That is, say, technical operation and maintenance of electrical and electromechanical equipment will attract fewer applicants than mechanical engineering technologies. Indeed, in the second case, the guys have more opportunities to find something they like among a large set of profiles. In recent years, out of five hundred training areas, we have completed three hundred. A number of areas of training have become profiles. Let's say metal forming. That is, he will be able to handle pressure, but not otherwise. This direction goes into the profile, and the guys enroll in more general processing metals, starting to specialize from the third year.
I: Will subjects that do not have direct relationship to the chosen specialty, but allowing you to lay down a fundamental education?
Remorenko: Such objects certainly appear. They will be added to secondary programs special education so that such education is a full-fledged higher education. But which disciplines and in what quantities - this remains to be determined during the experiment. Experimental educational programs will be created.
I: Will there be any public commissions created to monitor the experiment?
Remorenko: A competition commission has been created to select educational institutions, and it will monitor this. It includes representatives of the Public Chamber, regions, employers' associations and other organizations.
Modern technologies are developing very quickly, which means that the requirements that employers place on their employees are increasing every day. Many specialties in demand in modern industries require significantly more high level qualifications than before. Modern specialist must be able to operate high-tech equipment, understand drawings, be able to read instructions on foreign languages and work with information systems. In fact, this must be a highly qualified specialist with the knowledge of an engineer and the skills of a worker.
Educational programs of technical schools and colleges aimed primarily at mastering practical methods and methods of work cannot provide training for specialists of this level. At the same time, university graduates, having received a good academic base over the years of study, often do not have experience working in real production conditions. Therefore, there was a need to create a new high-quality level of higher education on the basis of secondary vocational and higher educational institutions - an applied bachelor's degree.
What is an applied bachelor's degree?
The concept of “applied bachelor’s degree” began to be actively used only a few years ago - in 2009. This level of education is based on secondary vocational education programs (secondary vocational education), focused on mastering practical skills in production, in combination with higher education programs focused on obtaining serious theoretical training. At the same time, the volume of the practical part of the program, including laboratory and practical lessons, educational and practical training, constitutes at least half of the total time allocated for training. In other words, the task of an applied bachelor's degree is to ensure that, along with a higher education diploma, young people receive a full set of knowledge and skills necessary to immediately, without additional internships, start working in their specialty.
Since, in fact, applied bachelor's degree programs are aimed at in-depth training of workers and specialists for high-tech sectors of the economy, employers are very interested in the experiment being successful. In many regions they are already actively participating in the development curricula and plans. Wherein Internship is carried out in employing organizations as part of students’ mastery of the main types of professional activity.
Training in applied bachelor's degree programs is provided by colleges, technical schools and higher education institutions (institutes and universities). You can enroll there either after the 11th grade of school (in this case, studies in an applied bachelor’s degree will last 4 years), or after receiving specialized secondary vocational education (in this case, training will take place according to a shortened program on an individual basis) curriculum). At the same time, the applied bachelor's degree does not exclude the possibility of continuing further studies - if desired, its graduates will be able to enroll in a master's program.
About the experiment to create an applied bachelor's degree
On August 9, 2009, the Government of the Russian Federation issued Decree No. 667 “On conducting an experiment to create an applied bachelor’s degree in educational institutions of secondary vocational and higher vocational education.” Participants in the experiment were identified on the basis of a competitive selection organized by the Russian Ministry of Education and Science in 2010 with the aim of testing educational programs, interaction between educational institutions and employers, as well as improving the quality of vocational education in accordance with the needs of the labor market.
To participate in the competition, it was necessary to submit one applied bachelor’s degree program developed on the basis of the federal state educational standard. In addition, it was necessary to justify the need for training under this program with the needs of enterprises in the region and support the justification with a cooperation agreement between the educational institution and the employer.
A total of 125 applications were submitted to the competition - 51 from higher educational institutions and 74 from secondary vocational education institutions. After a thorough study of applications, 102 educational institutions (37 universities and 65 colleges) from 47 subjects were allowed to participate in the competition Russian Federation.
The most applications for the creation of applied bachelor's degree programs were submitted in the following areas: “Metallurgy, mechanical engineering and materials processing” (17 applications), “Informatics and computer technology” (17 applications), “Economics and management” (16 applications), “Education and pedagogy" (14 applications), "Energy, power engineering and electrical engineering" (9 applications). As a result, 49 educational institutions located throughout the country received the right to participate in the experiment to create an applied bachelor’s degree.
It is too early to talk about any results of the experiment. On this moment work is underway to clarify curricula and plans, mechanisms for interaction with employers are being worked out and preparations are being made regulations, necessary to give the level of applied bachelor's degree official status. The final results of the experiment on introducing the applied bachelor's degree level will be summed up in 2014.
List of federal state educational institutions of secondary vocational and higher vocational education - winners of the competitive selection to participate in the experiment to create an applied bachelor's degree:
1. Federal State Educational Institution of Secondary Professional Education "Astrakhan College" computer technology"(Computer systems and complexes).
2. State Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education “Vyatsky” State University" (Economy).
3. Federal State Educational Institution of Secondary Professional Education "Zheleznogorsk Mining and Metallurgical College" ( Technical operation and maintenance of electrical and electromechanical equipment (by industry)).
4. FGOU SPO "Ivanovo Industrial and Economic College" (Automation technological processes and production (by industry)).
5. FGOU SPO “Kazan Aviation Technical College named after. P.V. Dementyev" (Production of aircraft).
6. GOU VPO "Kazan State University of Technology" (Chemical Technology).
7. Federal State Educational Institution of Secondary Professional Education “Kaliningrad State College of Urban Planning” (Economics and Accounting (by industry)).
8. Federal State Educational Institution of Secondary Professional Education "Krasnogorsk State College" (Optical and optical-electronic devices and systems).
9. Federal State Educational Institution of Secondary Professional Education "Kurgan State College" (Economics and Accounting (by industry)).
10. State educational institution of secondary vocational education "Kamensk-Ural Polytechnic College" (Metallurgy of non-ferrous metals).
11. Educational institution Moscow Banking School (College) of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation (Banking).
12. State Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education "Moscow" state institute radio engineering, electronics and automation ( Technical University)» ( Information Systems and technology).
13. Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education “National Research Technological University “MISiS” (Metallurgy).
14. Federal State Educational Institution of Secondary Professional Education "Neftekamsk Engineering College" (Mechanical Engineering Technology).
15. FGOU SPO "Novorossiysk College of Construction and Economics" (Power stations, networks and systems).
16. FGOU SPO “Novosibirsk Chemical-Technological College named after. D.I.Mendeleev" (Analytical quality control of chemical compounds).
17. Federal State Educational Institution of Secondary Professional Education "Orenburg State College" ( Professional education(by industry)).
18. Federal State Educational Institution of Secondary Professional Education "Pskov Agricultural College" (Electricity supply (by industry)).
19. State Educational Institution of Secondary Professional Education “Rostov-on-Don State College of Communications and Informatics” (Multichannel telecommunication systems).
20. FGOU SPO "Ryazan State Technological College" (Information systems (by industry)).
21. State Educational Institution of Secondary Professional Education "St. Petersburg State College" physical culture and sports, economics and technology" (Physical culture).
22. Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education "Siberian federal university"(Psychological and pedagogical education).
23. Federal State Educational Institution of Secondary Professional Education "Smolensk Industrial and Economic College" (Mechanical Engineering Technology).
24. Federal State Educational Institution of Secondary Professional Education “Tver College named after. A.M. Konyaev" (Mechanical Engineering Technology).
25. Federal State Educational Institution of Secondary Professional Education "Tula State Technical College" (Automation of technological processes and production (by industry)).
26. State Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education "Tyumen State Oil and Gas University" (Information systems and technologies).
27. FGOU SPO "Khabarovsk Shipbuilding College" (Mechanical Engineering Technology).
28. Federal State Educational Institution of Secondary Professional Education "Cheboksary Electromechanical College" (Mechanical Engineering Technology).
29. FGOU SPO "Chelyabinsk Installation College" (Installation and technical operation industrial equipment(by industry)).
30. State Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education "Yakut State Engineering and Technical Institute" (Programming in computer systems).
31. State Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education “Academy of National Economy under the Government of the Russian Federation” (Welding production).
32. FGOU SPO "Arkhangelsk Forestry College of Emperor Peter I" (Technical operation and maintenance of electrical and electromechanical equipment).
33. State Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education "Voronezh State University" (Electronics and nanoelectronics).
34. Federal State Educational Institution of Secondary Professional Education “Dmitrov State Polytechnic College” (Economics and Accounting).
35. Federal State Educational Institution of Secondary Professional Education "Kansky Technological College" (Information systems).
36. FGOU SPO "Kursk State Polytechnic College" (Banking).
37. Federal State Educational Institution of Secondary Professional Education "Krasnodar College of Humanities and Technology" (Vocational training).
38. State Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education “Mari State Technical University” (Computer systems and complexes).
39. State educational institution of secondary vocational education "Moscow State College" information technologies"(Programming in computer systems).
40. State Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education "Moscow State Pedagogical University" (Pedagogical education).
41. Federal State Educational Institution of Secondary Professional Education "Nizhnekamsk Petrochemical College" (Oil and gas processing).
42. State Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education "Penza State University" (Instrument Engineering).
43. State Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education "Russian State social university"(Psychology).
44. FGOU SPO "St. Petersburg Technical College of Management and Commerce" (Maintenance and repair of radio-electronic equipment).
45. State Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education "St. Petersburg State University of Aerospace Instrumentation" (Electrical machines and devices).
46. Federal State Educational Institution of Secondary Professional Education "Saratov Financial and Technological College" (Economics and Accounting).
47. State educational institution of secondary vocational education "Uvarovsky Chemical College" (Information systems).
48. Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education “Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin" (Welding production).
49. Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education " Financial Academy under the Government of the Russian Federation (banking).
Bachelor's degree is the first level of higher education, training on the basis of secondary complete education lasts four years, on the basis of secondary vocational education it can last three years. The first three years of undergraduate study involve training students as broad specialists, and only in the fourth year does it become possible to choose a specific profile. Upon completion of training, students receive a bachelor's degree in a specific field and a diploma of completed higher education. This diploma allows you to find employment in positions that require a higher education, while the lack of narrow specialization provides ample opportunities. Thus, Bachelor's degree is a higher education that fully complies with international standards.
IN Russian system Education, not so long ago, the concepts of academic and applied bachelor's degrees were introduced.
- Academic bachelor's degree- This is a classic form of education under a bachelor's degree program.
- Applied Bachelor's Degree- this is experimental educational program, which, on a par with academic studies, involves studying for four years. However, there are differences in the training programs themselves.
The applied bachelor's program is characterized by a focus on practical professional and theoretical training, which is actually a combination of secondary vocational and higher education programs. The purpose of the applied bachelor's degree is to prepare workers and specialists at a high technological level to work with complex computer technologies. In applied bachelor's degree programs, a lot of time is devoted to practical training of students at employers' enterprises, laboratory work and writing coursework.
After completing any type of bachelor's degree, graduates have the opportunity to continue receiving higher education at the second stage by enrolling in a master's program.
Russia's accession to the Bologna system in 2003 entailed a number of reforms aimed at changing domestic education under European standards. According to this system, you can get a full-fledged education in two stages: first, four years of a bachelor’s degree, and then two years of a master’s degree.
The basis for admission to a bachelor's degree is a school certificate confirming that the applicant has completed secondary education. The shortened form (three years instead of four) can be taken by graduates of colleges and technical schools in “related” specialties.
A bachelor's degree means that the student has mastered the basic knowledge and skills of the chosen specialty. For a more in-depth study of the material intended solve complex professional problems, Master's degree is intended.
What is an applied bachelor's degree?
According to the reform, a division of bachelor's degrees into academic and applied was adopted. Their main difference is that the former receive a “traditional” higher education, and the latter are being trained practical skills and have a narrower focus.
In the eyes of employers, “applied specialists” are most often valued more highly, since, in essence, they are the same “academicians,” but already prepared for professional activities. They have all the necessary skills to work with equipment, understand complex diagrams and drawings, and do not require additional training to start working at the enterprise.
A scheme often practiced is when employers preparing orders for certain specialists to the university, and then together with him participate in educational process, providing students own production as a place to practice acquired knowledge.
After completing their studies, students have the opportunity to continue working at this enterprise for legally. Therefore, such graduates are always employed and have more chances for career growth.
Differences and common features of applied and academic bachelor's degrees
Main differences between these two forms training can be called the following:
- The academic bachelor's degree focuses on the theoretical component of learning, and the applied bachelor's degree focuses on developing all the necessary practical skills and abilities.
- Academic bachelors have the opportunity to enter a master's program through a competitive process, and applied bachelors only after they have worked in production for a certain number of years. In addition, applied students can interrupt their studies at this stage and not go to the master’s program at all, continuing to work.
It is important to note that in both types of bachelor’s degrees, the initial training program is absolutely the same. This is done so that the student figured out my goals for life and consciously decided which option was more suitable for him.
Thus, these training programs have opposite meanings and do not have much in common. The only one common feature is the duration of study: both academic and applied bachelor's degrees require four years of study.
Advantages and disadvantages of applied bachelor's degree
Before deciding where to go, you need to weigh the pros and cons, because any decision will have its consequences. The applied bachelor's degree has both advantages and disadvantages, which important to consider before making a choice.
Scientific and technological progress suggests that it is no longer enough for workers to simply have technical skills. Now for correct execution They must have a good theoretical basis for their work.
That is why this training program was created. She combines all the necessary components and is capable of producing highly qualified specialists who have a broad outlook and a lot of practice.
However, not everything is so smooth. In our country, unfortunately, adequate conditions have not been created to fully develop this program.
There is not enough funding, so enterprises are in no hurry to offer their production for internship to novice specialists. However, if the employer is willing to participate in the program, then such activities brings very successful results.
Another disadvantage is that such a program deprives new people of science. Most applied scientists prefer to stop at the bachelor's level and not continue their studies. And this closes their path to research activities.
Conclusion
Behind Lately Domestic and foreign education has undergone many changes.
This happens in order to keep up with the pace of development of science and technology, which require highly qualified specialists who are able to combine a theoretical basis and practical skills. Therefore, the issue of education is very important.
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