There are 11 time zones in Russia. Within each zone there is unified time. During the year, the clock hands do not move, so the time difference with many countries of the world in spring and autumn can change by 1 hour.
Attention! It should be remembered that plane tickets indicate the local airport time, and train tickets indicate Moscow time.
Time zone designation
In addition to the international system for designating time zones, in which counting is carried out from the Greenwich meridian, Russia uses national scale, where the reference point is Moscow time. Thus, for example, a time zone can be described as UTC+2 (that is, 2 hours more than in and) or as MSK-1 (1 hour less than in).
Time zones
On this moment time in Russia is calculated according to the federal law "On Amendments to the federal law“On the calculation of time”, adopted on July 1, 2014.
- Kaliningrad time MSK−1 (UTC+2): ;
- Moscow time MSK (UTC+3): cities of federal significance, Republic of Adygea, Republic of Kalmykia, Republic of Komi, Republic of Mari El, Republic of Mordovia, Republic of North Ossetia - Alania, Chechen Republic, Chuvash Republic, Stavropol Territory, Astrakhan region, Belgorod region, Voronezh region, Kirov region, Kursk region, Lipetsk region, Oryol region, Penza region, Saratov region, Tambov region, Ulyanovsk region, Nenets autonomous region;
- Samara time MSK+1 (UTC+4): , Republic of Udmurtia;
- Yekaterinburg time MSK+2 (UTC+5): Republic of Bashkortostan, Kurgan region, Orenburg region, Sverdlovsk region, Chelyabinsk region, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra and Russia: Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug;
- Omsk time MSK+3 (UTC+6): , Altai Territory, Novosibirsk region, Omsk region, Tomsk region;
- Krasnoyarsk time MSK+4 (UTC+7): Republic of Tyva, Republic of Khakassia, Krasnoyarsk region, Kemerovo region;
- Irkutsk time MSK+5 (UTC+8): , Trans-Baikal Territory, ;
- Yakut time MSK+6 (UTC+9): part of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Amur region;
- Vladivostok time MSK+7 (UTC+10): part of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Primorsky Territory, Khabarovsk Territory, Magadan Region, Sakhalin Region (except for the North Kuril Region), Jewish Autonomous Region;
- Middle Kolyma time MSK+8 (UTC+11): part of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Sakhalin region (North Kuril region only);
- Kamchatka time MSK+9 (UTC+12): , Chukotka Autonomous Okrug
The Greenwich meridian was recognized as the reference point for all time zones on the planet in 1884 at the International Meridian Conference in Washington.
Before the revolution in Russia, every city used local solar time, which was calculated by geographic longitude, and for all railways in Russia "St. Petersburg time" was used.
Go to summer time(moving the hands forward one hour) was first carried out at midnight from March 31 to April 1, 1981, the transition to winter time- at midnight from September 30 to October 1. And in 1984 they realized that it was more correct to do this on weekends - at midnight on the last Sunday of March and September (since 1996 - October).
Until 2011, Russia had 11 time zones, which is logical, because the length of the country in longitude is just over 171 degrees, which is equal to 11.4 hours. With the transition to new system time zones in 2011, Chukotka and Kamchatka began to live according to Magadan time, and the zone that differed from the capital by 1 hour (MSK + 1), in which Udmurtia and the Samara region were located, was destroyed - they joined Moscow time. In 2014, Russia again switched to a system of 11 time zones.
Planet Earth moves in orbit around the Sun, which heats the planet and provides the necessary light to plants and living creatures that depend on photosynthesis. But the Sun disappears behind the horizon from time to time, then appears again. Moreover, even the day when it shines is not the same everywhere. In one place on the planet the Sun is at its zenith, while in another it is inclined towards the horizon.
The planet's time zone system
To accurately record time, humanity had to be divided into time zones. These are zones that correspond to 1/24 (according to the number of hours in a day) of the length of the parallel at a particular latitude. Less common are zones with a difference of thirty minutes in relation to the neighboring zone. Below is a table of world time zones and the difference with Moscow. The time zone of the Greenwich Observatory in the UK is taken as the reference point.
In Russia, as the largest country in the world, there are eleven such time zones. The countdown begins from the westernmost point, Kaliningrad, and continues to Moscow, where the time difference with Greenwich is three hours. In Magadan, the easternmost time zone, the difference with Greenwich is already twelve hours.
Overview of time differences in time zones
The table of the difference between the world's time zones and Moscow will show how large the distances are on Earth and how different the time of day can be even within the same country. Each time zone has its own name. The table of time zones of the world also shows time zones where the time difference is not an even hour, but half. This is due to the historical features of state borders and time recording.
| Timezone | Where applicable (main points) | Difference with Moscow |
| -12 | -15 | |
| -11 | Samoa | -14 |
| -10 | Aleutian Islands | -13 |
| -9 | Alaska | -12 |
| -8 | California | -11 |
| -7 | Arizona | -10 |
| -6 | Central America | -9 |
| -5 | Cuba | -8 |
| -4 | Venezuela | -7 |
| -3:30 | Newfoundland | -6:30 |
| -3 | Brazil | -6 |
| -2 | Atlantic Ocean | -5 |
| -1 | Azores | -4 |
| 0 | Great Britain | -3 |
| +1 | Western Europe | -2 |
| +2 | Eastern Europe | -1 |
| +3 | Russia | 0 |
| +3:30 | Iran | +0:30 |
| +4 | Azerbaijan | +1 |
| +4:30 | Afghanistan | +1:30 |
| +5 | Kazakhstan | +2 |
| +5:30 | India | +2:30 |
| +5:45 | Nepal | +2:45 |
| +6 | Bangladesh | +3 |
| +6:30 | Myanmar | +3:30 |
| +7 | Mongolia | +4 |
| +8 | China | +5 |
| DPRK | +5:30 | |
| +8:45 | Australia | +5:45 |
| +9 | Japan | +6 |
| +9:30 | Australia | +6:30 |
| +10 | Papua New Guinea | +7 |
| +10:30 | Australia | +7:30 |
| +11 | Solomon islands | +8 |
| +12 | Marshall Islands | +9 |
| +12:45 | New Zealand | +9:45 |
| +13 | Kiribati | +10 |
| +14 | Kiribati | +11 |
Line where dates change
As can be seen from the table of the difference in time zones between the world and Moscow, there are also such subtleties as a 24-hour time difference in areas that are several kilometers from each other. For example, residents of the Magadan region, whose clock shows twelve o'clock in the afternoon, on the first of January can look into the past year through binoculars, since in Alaska it will be the thirty-first of December. Between the time zones UTC+12 and UTC-12 there is a line that delimits the dates. The table of the difference between time zones of the world and Moscow indicates a deviation from Moscow time of +8 and -15 hours, respectively. Traveling through from west to east, you can get into a day that has already been lived, while returning from east to west, you can get into the future one day.
Features of time zones
Theoretically, time zones should be smooth, like the Earth's meridians. But that's not true. You cannot force half a city or region to live by one time, and half by another. For a single, integral economic and territorial system, synchronous work is important, therefore, within small states, in the ocean, the time zone either expands or contracts, repeating the administrative boundaries of the territories. In addition to such deviations, there is separate group territories where the time deviation from the neighboring time zone is thirty or even forty-five minutes. These zones are also indicated in the table of the difference in time zones between the world and Moscow. Such time zones have developed historically; they are not related to the astronomy of a particular region.
In addition to regions with their own non-standard standard time, above 60 degrees north latitude, time zones do not respect natural formal boundaries, since they are less populated and at these latitudes the lighting conditions are not the same as in Moscow. Such phenomena as polar day and polar night already begin there.
Time zones of Russia: features
From the table of the time difference between the world's time zones and Moscow, it can be seen that Russia occupies a significant number of time zones, as many as eleven. Despite reforms and adjustments to time zones, their number will always be eleven, as this is an astronomically determined necessity. But time zone boundaries are constantly changing. IN modern Russia they are tied to economically closed administrative entities, regions, regions, for which work in a single time space is important. Time zones are not just lines on a map. Compliance with standard time when calculating energy resource savings gives enormous numbers. If the time zone of the Moscow region is moved even by an hour, then the entire country will lose billions of rubles. Because the indicated difference in time zones of the world with Moscow in the table is simple helpful information. IN modern world Dials with Moscow time hang on all world exchanges for the correct synchronization of trading on these exchanges.
Why do you need to know the time of another time zone?
In modern Russia, which is closely integrated into the global economy, knowledge of time zones is important in every industry. Tables of the difference between time zones of the world and Moscow for some professions are a reference book. Numerous purchasing managers working with Chinese suppliers understand that calling Shanghai at the end of the working day in Moscow is stupid, since it is already late at night in China. And calling the USA at the beginning of the Moscow working day is also not worth it. There are many amazing things on planet Earth, and such as time zones, date lines, etc. only emphasize the uniqueness and complexity of life, dictated by global Such as the movement of the Earth relative to the Sun and the height of geographic latitude, which underlie the calculation of time by all mankind.
In our life great importance has a countdown and measurement of time. To measure it, watches were invented: mechanical, solar, sand, wrist, pocket. I wonder what is used to measure the most exact time?
Why is the exact time counted according to Greenwich?
Greenwich is called the "sea gate" of London. Initially it was a suburb, but now it is located in the southeast of the capital administrative District. Greenwich is located on the right bank of the Thames and has been associated with the British Navy for a long time.For all time zones there is a so-called reference point - this is the place where the Greenwich Observatory used to be. It was not by chance that this observatory became the starting point. The observatory was founded in the seventeenth century; calculations of great importance for seafarers were carried out there. The calculations also concerned the exact time.
Due to the fact that Great Britain became the most powerful empire, the calculation of time, carried out at the Greenwich Observatory, was also extended to the dependent states. By the end of the nineteenth century this system accepted everywhere throughout the world. In 1884, at a special conference, it was decided to determine the “meridian of reference”. Depending on the distance from this meridian, time was determined in other regions. Time zones were designated, starting from the zone in which Great Britain is located. Thus, universal time was synchronized.
The time system in the world in the seventies was replaced by another, more accurate one, which differs from the time of the Greenwich meridian. Despite this, the well-known abbreviation GMT continues to be used, which looks like a tribute to tradition.
In the building of the old observatory, which was founded by Charles II in the seventeenth century, there is a museum of navigational and astronomical devices. The observatory itself was removed from this building back in 1990 due to light pollution. It is now located nearby in Greenwich Park.
It is known that Moscow time is four hours longer than Greenwich time. One way to find out the exact Moscow time is to use the Internet, call by phone, find out on the radio or via satellite. All regions of Russia are guided by Moscow time, and the countdown also starts from Moscow time. Due to its sprawl, the country is located in nine time zones.
Who came up with the exact time?
Man has invented many mechanisms to measure time. In ancient times, people measured time at sunrises and sunsets, and paid attention to the increase or decrease in the shadows of objects throughout the day. Thanks to this, people could approximately navigate in time. The role of a huge clock was played by the stars. It was noticed that in different periods At night, different stars are visible in the sky.The ancient Egyptians, as a result of observing the stars, divided the night into twelve intervals. At the same time, they were guided by the moments of appearance of each of the twelve stars. We can conclude that the division of the day into twenty-four hours originated precisely from the division of the night by the Egyptians into twelve time intervals.
Shadow or sundial were also created by the Egyptians. It was a simple board with marks, which became the first prototype of a device for measuring time. To measure time they also used water and fire.
First hourglass appeared two thousand years ago. But the first mechanical watches were invented more than one thousand four hundred years ago. Attached to the mechanism of this watch was a reel with a chain, at the end of which there was a weight. Thanks to the load, the coil rotated, and the chain unwinded. Using a regulator and a series of gears, the arrow moved across the dial.
For centuries, the smallest division of time was the hour. In 1860, one of the London watchmakers managed to make a watch that showed not only minutes and hours, but also seconds.
The most accurate time in the world
Whatever the clock is - old, new, small or large, expensive or cheap, wrist, pocket or wall, they are in any case designed to measure time. The difference between them can only be how accurate the measurements are for each specific watch. 
Each second should last the same amount of time. This is influenced by the oscillatory rhythm created by the pendulum, vibration of quartz, spring, etc. The most accurate clock For several years, cesium clocks were considered to contain “atomic time.” It was the most accurate long-term timekeeper in the world. A clock can be off by one second in one hundred and thirty-eight million years. The “cesium” watch was jointly created by Japanese and American scientists in one of the European laboratories.
In February 2010, American scientists created an atomic clock that surpassed those made from cesium. Development took several years, resulting in an aluminum-based watch that can move one second in three billion seven hundred million years. The name of this new product is Quantum Logic Clock.
These clocks are capable of dividing time into much smaller intervals, which in the future can be used to test different constants and laws of physics.
Exact time is measured by a clock. These mechanisms are not always simple. Blancpain 1735 watch costs 800 thousand dollars.. Detailed article You can read about this topic.
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I sit at home, I’m sick, and I get out of bed by lunchtime. It’s probably stupid to complain here, but I still want to rewind time a little back or forward to get up with the sunrise. And have time to do everything in the world!
So, it is now 15:00 in Moscow. And in the USA people are just waking up:
In general, there are as many as six time zones. This is almost half less than in Russia. Well, I also exaggerated a little about the beginning of the awakening. The thing is that the average American at 6 am is already as fresh and alert as a cucumber. And even at 5 in the morning, when only the most inveterate larks rise in our country, people are already beginning to appear on American streets.
There are several reasons for this regime: firstly, the notorious American love of work. Here, a career for many is akin to a personal deity. Americans know how to have fun and relax, but they clearly know when it’s time to pursue a career.
The second reason is earlier sunrises, especially in winter. It’s still terribly dark here at 6 am, but it’s already quite light there.
The third is related to the characteristics of settlement. For the norm to live not in the very big city, and in its surroundings. Accordingly, while you drop the kids off at school, while you eat, while you get to work, you’ve already spent several hours.
World time zones and their offsets from UTC/GMT (Greenwich Mean Time)
Time zones, Greenwich Mean Time.
Standard time is a system of counting time based on dividing the Earth's surface into 24 time zones, every 15° in longitude.
Time within the same time zone is considered the same. In 1884, at the International Conference it was decided to apply this system. In accordance with international agreement 1883, the prime ("zero") meridian is considered to be the one that passes through the Greenwich Observatory in the suburbs of London. Local Greenwich Time (GMT), agreed to be called Universal Time or "World Time"
In our country, we switched to standard time for the first time in 1919. At first it was used only in shipping, and since 1924 - everywhere.
On the territory of Russia, since March 28, 2010, there are 9 time zones (before that there were 11 time zones). The Samara region and Udmurtia switched to Moscow time (second time zone). Kemerovo region. (Kuzbass) – to Omsk (MCK+3). Kamchatka Krai and Chukotka - to Magadanskoe (MSK +8). In these five subjects of the Federation, on March 28, 2010, the clock hands were not moved.
Two belts are being abolished - the third (Samara, MSK +1) and the eleventh (Kamchatsky, MSK +9). There are 9 of them in total, and the maximum time range in our country is reduced from 10 to 9 hours.
In Russia, from March 2011, after the transition to daylight saving time, the clock hands will no longer be moved.
In fact, it is considered to be standard time plus 1 hour (throughout the whole year), for the reason that by Decree of the Council of People's Commissars in 1930, in the summer, the clock hands were moved 1 hour forward, to summer time. On the contrary, it was decided not to transfer, and since then the so-called “maternity time” has been in effect in Russia. In summer, with the addition of one more hour, the difference with standard time is +2 hours.
Since 2011, with the abolition of the switches, the stable difference with standard time will be +2 hours. This is healthier for your health - in the off-season, thanks to the stable time, you won’t have to adjust your biorhythms, which is especially important. The time of night sleep and rest will be optimal for the body. The “daylight hours” of the day will increase. It will also be easier for technical services and transport workers - they will not have to, as before, when changing the hands of the clock, reconfigure equipment and change schedules.
Moscow time zone (summer time): +4 (GMT + 4:00)
The boundaries of standard time (see figure) are drawn taking into account physical and geographical features - along large rivers, watersheds, as well as along interstate and administrative boundaries. States can change these boundaries within the country.
The international U T C system is used ( World time; it is designated UTC/GMT or, which is the same thing - UTC), as well as the difference between local and Moscow time - MSK. The plus sign means east, the minus sign means west of the starting point.
The transition to summer time (one hour forward) and winter time (one hour back) occurs on the last Sunday of March and October, respectively. This rule is valid in Russia (until March 2011), the European Union, etc. The dates and procedure for changing the clock hands in other countries may differ slightly in terms of timing.
World Time – UTC/GMT – Greenwich Mean Time (G M T) is equal to Coordinated Universal Time (U T C) with an accuracy of one second - GMT=UTC). The name U T C, over time, will completely replace the term “Greenwich Mean Time.”
Table - time zones of cities around the world (UTC/GMT), winter time
| Kamchatka | UTC/GMT+11 |
| Magadan, Sakhalin. | UTC/GMT+11 |
| Vladivostok | UTC/GMT+10 |
| Yakutsk | UTC/GMT+9 |
| Irkutsk | UTC/GMT+8 |
| Krasnoyarsk | UTC/GMT+7 |
| Omsk | UTC/GMT+6 |
| Ekaterinburg | UTC/GMT+5 |
| Moscow Moscow time, Sochi city | UTC/GMT+3 |
| Minsk "Eastern European Time" (EET) | UTC/GMT+2 |
| Paris "Central European Time" (CET - Central Europe Time Zone) | UTC/GMT+1 |
| London Greenwich Time / Western European Time (WET) | UTC/GMT |
| "Mid Atlantic Time" | UTC/GMT-2 |
| Argentina, Buenos Aires | UTC/GMT-3 |
| Canada "Atlantic Time" | UTC/GMT-4 |
| USA - New York "Eastern Time" (EST - US Eastern Time Zone) | UTC/GMT-5 |
| Chicago (Chicago) " Central Time" (CST - US Central Time) | UTC/GMT-6 |
| Denver "Mountain Time" (MST - US Mountain Time) | UTC/GMT-7 |
| USA, Los Angeles "Pacific Time" (PT - Pacific Time) | UTC/GMT-8 |
Example of daylight saving time designation: CEST (Central Europe
Summer Time) – Central European Summer Time
Table – time zones in Russia.
Local time difference shown:
MSK+1 - with Moscow;
UTC+4 - with Coordinated Universal Time (UTC = GMT)
|
Name winter / summer |
Bias relatively Moscow time |
Offset relative to UTC (World Time) |
|
| USZ1 | Kaliningrad time - the first time zone | MSK-1 | UTC+2:00 (winter) UTC+3:00 (summer) |
| MSK/MSD MSST/MSDT |
Moscow time | MSK | UTC+3:00 (winter) UTC+4:00 (summer) |
| SAMT/SAMST | Samara | MSK | UTC+W:00, (winter) UTC+H:00 (summer) |
| YEKT/YEKST | Yekaterinburg time | MSK+2 | UTC+5:00 (winter) UTC+6:00 (summer) |
| OMST / OMSST | Omsk time | MSK+3 | UTC+6:00 (winter) UTC+7:00 (summer) |
| NOVT/NOVST | Novosibirsk time Novosibirsk, Novokuznetsk Kemerovo, Tomsk. Barnaul |
MSK+3 | UTC+6:00 (winter) UTC+7:00 (summer) |
| KRAT/KRAST | Krasnoyarsk time Krasnoyarsk, Norilsk |
MSK+4 | UTC+7:00 (winter) UTC+8:00 (summer) |
| IRKT/IRKST | Irkutsk time | MSK+5 | UTC+8:00 (winter) UTC+9:00 (summer) |
| YAKT/YAKST | Yakut time | MSK+6 | UTC+9:00 (winter) UTC+10:00 (summer) |
| VLAT/VLAST | Vladivostok time | MSK+7 | UTC+10:00 (winter) UTC+11:00 (summer) |
| MAGT / MAGST | Magadan time Magadan |
MSK+8 | UTC+11:00 (winter) UTC+12:00 (summer) |
| PETT/PETST | Kamchatka time Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky | MSK+8 | UTC+1I:00 (winter) UTC+I2:00 (summer) |
Terms and Definitions
Daylight Saving (Summer) Time (DST)- moving the clock hand forward one hour, carried out on the last Sunday in March, in order to gain an additional hour during daylight hours, to save electricity (for lighting, etc.). Return to the original (winter) time is carried out last. Sunday in October. The transition affects the biorhythms of the human body, its well-being, and it takes a week of adaptation to get used to it. Manipulation of clock hands - common reason workers and employees being late for work.
Prime (zero) meridian- Greenwich meridian geographical longitude equal to 0°00"00", divides the globe into the western and eastern hemispheres. Passes through the former Greenwich Observatory (in the suburbs of London)
GMT (Greenwich Mean Time) - "Greenwich Time"- on the meridian Greenwich. Determined from astronomical observations of the daily motion of stars. It is unstable (within a second per year) and depends on the constant change in the speed of rotation of the Earth, the movement of geographic poles along its surface and the nutation of the planet’s rotation axis. Greenwich (astronomical) time is close in meaning to UTC (atomic time), and will still be used as its synonym. Another name is "Zulu Time"
In Russian-language meteorology, GMT is designated as SGV (Greenwich Mean / or Geographical / Time)
GMT= UTC (accurate to 1 second)
Timezone(Standard time zone) - difference with World Time UTC/GMT (example: UTC/GMT+4 - fourth time zone, east of Greenwich)
H:mm:ss - 24 hour format(example: 14:25:05). Minutes and seconds - with leading zeros
h:mm:ss - 12 hour format(example: 02:25:05 PM - "two and a half hours in the afternoon" - 14:25:05). Minutes and seconds - with leading zeros
AM- designation of time before noon in a 12-hour format (short version - “A”)
RM- designation of time after noon in 12-hour format
Universal time UT(Universal Time) - average solar time at the meridian Greenwich, is determined from astronomical observations of the daily movements of stars. Its refined values are UT0, UT1, UT2
UT0- time on the instantaneous Greenwich meridian, determined by the instantaneous position of the Earth's poles
UT1- time at the Greenwich mean meridian, corrected for the movement of the earth's poles
UT2- time, taking into account changes in the speed of rotation of the Earth
TAI- time according to atomic clocks (International Atomic Time, since 1972). Stable, reference, never translated. Time and frequency standard
Time in GPS navigation system valid since January 1980. No amendments are introduced to it. It is ahead of UTC time by one and a half dozen seconds.
UTC(from English Universal Time Coordinated) - Universal coordinated time for the coordinated distribution of standard frequencies and precise time signals via radio, television and the Internet - “World Time”. Its synonym: "Universal time zone"
Time scale UTC introduced since 1964 to harmonize the values of UT1 (astronomical measurements) and TAI (atomic clocks).
Unlike Greenwich Mean Time, UTC is set using atomic clocks.
The speed of rotation of the earth is slowing down, and therefore, corrections are introduced into the UTC scale regularly, after a year or two or three, on June 30 or December 31 (leap seconds), so that U T C is no more than a second ( more precisely, 0.9 s) differed from astronomical time (determined by the movement of the Sun), as UT1 lagged behind by a second. This international rule was adopted in 1972.
Time ratio in 2009:UTC (universal) lags behind TAI (atomic) - by 35s.
UTC lags behind the time in the GPS navigation system - by 15 seconds
(counting starts from 1980)
Precise time signals(for clock synchronization) are transmitted over radio channels, television, and the Internet - in the UTC system. More precisely, you can place it, for example, on the Mayak radio signal, but only on the long-wave or medium-wave range (on the “ground-surface wave”). On VHF/FM radio, the signal may be delayed up to several seconds from the true one.
In watches with automatic synchronization (English Radio controlled), time correction occurs from base stations, on ultra-long waves. This system was developed in Europe.
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