At what temperature are they released from work? Air temperature in the workplace: recording, compliance. Optimal temperature conditions

25.06.2018, 18:36

The employer must provide employees normal conditions labor. One of them is an acceptable temperature in the workplace. SanPiN 2018 establishes regulatory requirements for organizing the work process at enterprises.

The fact is that the temperature in the office or production premises, as well as other factors of the production environment and labor process, directly affects the performance of staff and the well-being of each individual employee (Part 2 of Article 22, Part 2 of Article 209 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation).

We monitor working conditions

A special state regulatory body, the State Committee for Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance of Russia, has developed a document containing acceptable conditions microclimate in organizations (SaPiN 2.24.548-96.2.2.4, approved by Resolution No. 21 dated October 1, 1996).

In addition to such indicators as relative humidity and air speed, as well as the intensity of thermal radiation, it contains restrictions on the temperature of the air and surfaces. Thus, SanPiN control over the temperature in the workplace is established at the legislative level.

Adhering to these rules is the direct responsibility of every employer. Moreover, for violation of these norms, the organization and its officials, as well as individual entrepreneurs who are employers face administrative liability (Article 5.27.1 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation).

Employer's actions

Be concerned about creating suitable conditions labor administration of the organization must advance. For these purposes, legislators recommend installing air conditioning systems and coolers in companies (clauses 15, 18 of the Standard List of Measures to Improve Labor Conditions and Safety, approved by Order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia dated March 1, 2012 No. 181n).

If the temperature regime is not observed, the performance of personnel is reduced. In addition to this, work at elevated temperature air may lead to exacerbation chronic diseases. This automatically increases the risk of an accident at work.

If, despite the measures taken, the temperature in the workplace (SanPiN 2.24.548-96.2.2.4) exceeds acceptable levels, the working day must be reduced. Also, to protect personnel from overheating, the employer must:

• establish additional breaks at work;
• equip rest rooms;
• provide short-term vacations outside the approved schedule at the request of employees.

For different categories work as much as possible possible temperatures vary. For example, for office employees the following maximum working hours are established depending on temperature:

These are the rules established for all employers (information from Rostrud dated June 21, 2018).

Violation of these regulations may result in liability. So, an organization can be:

• a warning has been issued;
• a fine of 10,000 to 20,000 rubles was imposed;
• an order was issued to suspend activities for up to 90 days.

If a violation of SanPiN results in serious harm to health or the death of an employee, then the employee responsible for compliance with labor protection rules may be brought to criminal liability (Article 143 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation).

Summertime is always a difficult time to work. Situations often arise when the room temperature exceeds the permissible limit, turning work into severe torture (and even breaks in the middle of the day help little). For employees it becomes topical issue, are there any legal requirements regarding temperature standards during working hours in the heat.

To resolve this issue, you must contact Article 212 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation . In one of the provisions, it prescribes the employer’s obligation to provide comfortable working conditions for each employee. Based on this legal provision, a regulation was developed regarding working hours in hot weather SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96 .

Reduced working hours due to heat

According to established standards for office employees, the maximum permissible temperature indoors in summer should be 28 degrees. The more the actual reading exceeds this standard, the less employees should work.

Order to reduce working hours due to heat

An order to change working hours due to heat is an integral document on the basis of which the schedule is re-issued. This act is drawn up by the employer indicating the reason for the innovations. Experts, however, differ on how to indicate the reasons for changes.

A reduction in working hours due to heat can be documented as downtime either due to the fault of the employer, or due to objective circumstances beyond the control of the parties. The first case is relevant in situations where the organization does not provide adequate conditions for working on the premises. However, on the other hand, it is not always possible to provide for increased temperature regime. As a result, the decision about the reason for such downtime rests with the employer. In both cases, according to Article 157 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation the company is obliged to pay two-thirds of the wages.

It is possible to issue an order indicating objective circumstances and appropriate remuneration. In this case, its size decreases in proportion to the reduction in working time.

How to reduce working hours in hot weather - drawing up an order

An order to reduce working hours due to heat is drawn up according to the basic rules for processing documents. That is, it is similar to those regulations that relate to the issues of reducing work time due to heat.

The main provisions of this document should include:

• establishing a new time, indicating breaks for lunch and rest;
• an instruction on the need for all department heads to familiarize their subordinates with this order;
• providing employees with the opportunity to take unpaid leave;
• appointment of responsible persons who must monitor the implementation of regulations.

Subscribes this document both the manager and the designated responsible person. It may include additional requirements at the initiative of the employer. For example, the validity period of this resolution, or the provision of means of protection from heat.

A person spends quite a lot of time at home and at work. Comfort is very important factor, affecting productivity and quality of life in general. By sanitary standards The room temperature should not cause discomfort. The microclimate in an industrial or residential area must be maintained within appropriate limits.

Don't forget to measure the temperature in the rooms

Living room temperature

Payments for utility services continue to rise steadily, especially in difficult times for the country. But despite the increase in tariffs, the quality does not increase, and often decreases.

Of course, tenants' preferences may vary. However, it is worth remembering the limits within which the air temperature in the room corresponds to sanitary standards.

According to medical recommendations, optimal conditions for human habitation it is 22 degrees Celsius with a humidity of 30%. Higher indoor temperatures can increase the body's susceptibility to infections, which leads to diseases respiratory tract.

In this video you will learn what a comfortable temperature is for a child:

Temperature standards for housing:

• flights of stairs - 14-20°C;
• inter-apartment corridors - 16-22°C;
• hallways, kitchens, living rooms - 18-25°C;
• bedrooms – 18-20°C;
• bathroom – 24-26°C.

In order to successfully comply with the standards and maintain the optimal temperature, it would be useful to take care of minimizing losses. Thermal insulation of housing and installation of thermostats on heating devices will help effectively save heat in the house.

Factors influencing climate regulation

To properly regulate the weather in the house, you need to understand what it consists of. The indoor climate is affected by constant changes in many external factors.

The indoor climate is affected by the weather outside

Reasons for fluctuation:

• construction features of the premises;
• end of the heating season;
• season;
• nuances of the local climate;
• geographical latitude of residence;
• humidity;
• Atmosphere pressure.

The greatest discomfort for residents occurs due to the heating being turned off in the apartment. It is at this point that careful temperature control is necessary. Sudden hypothermia of the body, as well as overheating, negatively affects health.

Men tend to feel more comfortable at lower temperatures than women. For children, fine adjustment of the home climate is especially important. In general, it is recommended to stick to 22°C. This figure will suit everyone.

In a room with central heating, the thermometer should not fall below 20°C. If this happens regularly, this indicates poor performance of the utility service or a low level of thermal insulation.

In this case you need:

• contact the utility company with a complaint;
• demand recalculation of payments;
• purchase alternative heating devices;
• improve thermal insulation.

The law provides for recalculation for poorly provided utility services. It consists of reducing pay by 0.15% per hour. However, to achieve it, you will have to go to court.

Standards for office premises

Office workers are an important part of any company. Creating the most comfortable conditions not only affects the health and productivity of staff, but also the work of the company as a whole.

The main feature of intellectual work is small physical activity. For this category the following standards are provided:

• in summer – 23-25°C;
• in winter – 22-24°C.

The humidity level in an office space should be 40-60%. If the microclimate does not meet these parameters, employees have the right to demand that management reduce their working hours.

If the temperature rises above 29 degrees, the working day is reduced to 3-6 hours. If the bar rises to 32, staying in the office should not exceed one hour. In winter, the duration of the shift is reduced by an hour, with readings at 19°C, and at thirteen it cannot last more than 1 hour.

The employer must maintain a normal microclimate in the office: responsibility for failure to comply with sanitary standards lies with him. Continued violations may result in temporary closure of the office for up to 3 months. Fines of up to 5 thousand rubles are also possible for private entrepreneurs and up to 50 thousand for legal entities.

In addition to temperature indicators, the following factors are taken into account:

• relative humidity;
• high-quality ventilation;
• air movement speed;
• presence of electromagnetic fields;
• presence of dust.

Lighting in the office is also important. A weak light causes constant strain on your eyesight and can lead to depression, while a light that is too bright will have an adverse effect. irritant effect on people. In insufficiently bright rooms, the issue can be solved with the help of table lamps.

The noise level should not exceed 50 decibels. Constant extraneous sounds, especially loud ones, interfere with concentration and cause headache. As a result, productivity decreases and health problems arise.

You should carefully monitor the temperature both at home and at work, and then you can avoid additional health problems.

The amount in payment receipts increases quarterly, especially during a crisis period for the country. But at the same time the quality utilities leaves much to be desired. Difficult times come for tenants when the heating is turned off. In such a situation, management companies responsible for providing hot water supply in apartment buildings, often work dishonestly and strive to evade responsibility.

Temperature standards

Of course, a lot depends on the preferences of the residents - some like it colder and are content with a low temperature of 18° C, others prefer thick sweaters and socks instead of cozy warmth and 24-25° C. But you need to know what temperature should be in our apartment according to legislative acts, since not only the health and well-being of the family, but also the budget depends on this.

The standard temperature in the apartment is contained in “ GOST R 51617-2000. Housing and communal services. Are common technical specifications “. Here are the values ​​needed to calculate the maximum power of heating devices. Staircases in residential buildings should have a temperature of 14-20 ° C. This is a space that residents use for a short time, no more than an hour, and are dressed in outerwear.

In the inter-apartment corridors, as well as in the lobbies, the temperature is 16-22° C. In hallways, living rooms and kitchens with gas or electric stoves, the temperature is 18-25° C. These premises are intended for permanent residence (i.e. more than 4 hours). The highest temperature is 24° C – valid for calculations in the bathroom. The norm is also regulated Sanitary rules and SanPiN.

Medical standards for temperature conditions in residential premises

A little about what the optimal temperature should be in the house according to medical recommendations. The norm in residential premises is 22° C. This temperature provides high thermal comfort with an air humidity of 30%. If room temperature higher, it can cause irritation of the respiratory tract, the appearance of mucus, and increased susceptibility to bacteria and viruses in the nose and throat. The only exception is the bathroom, where water vapor rises, and even more high temperatures do not pose a health risk.

When the child is at home, the temperature in the apartment should be raised by at least 1 degree, and in the bathroom or other room where he bathes, up to 28 degrees. In adult bedrooms, the temperature may be slightly cooler than in the living room - about 20° C. This figure guarantees more deep dream and therefore a better holiday.

Heat rate control

In order to maintain the above recommendations and to minimize heating costs, it is necessary to properly control heat standards, taking care of the thermal insulation of the house. Window and door frames need to be sealed. In the room, do not cover radiators, do not paint them with a thick layer of paint, and do not hang thick window curtains over them (heaters are usually installed under windows). Place furniture and equipment at a minimum distance of 1 meter from radiators.

It is recommended to regulate the temperature schedule of the heating system in individual rooms using manual or electronic thermostats. When installed even on an old heater, the electronic head can be adjusted to a temperature of up to 0.5 degrees, and program the heating output for a whole week, taking into account the time of day and the habits of local residents.

Modern thermostats will also adjust heat output according to external conditions - warming or cooling outside, sunlight etc. You don't need to turn off the heat completely, all you have to do is lower the temperature, for example by setting the economy mode to 15° C. Lowering the temperature by even 1° C increases heat savings by 5-7.5%.

Factors affecting temperature

The temperature readings in the apartment are influenced by many factors, primarily external. They fluctuate due to the following conditions:

• heating off;
• climatic features of the place;
• change of seasons;
• individual characteristics of individual apartments.

The heating temperature schedule also depends on the place where the property owners live. For example, in a northern latitude it will be different from a southern climate. The influence of factors such as atmospheric pressure and humidity outside the room also affects normal value indicators of the heating system in any month.

When the seasons change, the microclimate in living rooms also varies. For example, in the winter months the temperature will be lower, and in the hot season it will be higher. When in the spring they stop supplying heat to the radiators, following the shutdown schedule, the temperature in the apartment also drops. For mid latitudes optimal value in winter - about 22 degrees, and in summer - 25 degrees. Although at first glance the difference of three degrees is insignificant, it affects the well-being of everyone living in an apartment building or private building.

Regulating the indoor climate

When heating outages occur, the temperature in the apartment must be controlled for the comfort of all citizens living in it. There are people who feel comfortable and well during the hot months; they do not require the installation of climate control equipment. Also, some people constantly ventilate their rooms during the winter cold. But all the requirements of the average person are reflected by the current standards for any heat supply company that has a central shutdown schedule for heating appliances. After all, hypothermia, like overheating, has a negative effect on human health.

Among other things, norms also depend on gender. Women require higher temperatures than men. You need to be extremely careful about the temperature conditions in the apartment where children live. They cannot yet regulate their temperature, so they are susceptible to overheating and freezing faster than adults. As a result, the thermal norm for them should be stable and be about 22 degrees.

In accordance with current sanitary standards, central temperature control systems must maintain values ​​of no less than and no more than 22 degrees, and all deviations from this value have a bad effect on well-being.

To maintain normal temperature, certain conditions must be observed. Earlier temperature were regulated using batteries, and in order to warm the room more, they used additional heat sources - various electric heaters, convectors, etc. To cool the room, they opened transoms and windows, thus solving the problem.

Today, scientific progress has made it possible to choose any climate control equipment that will provide comfortable conditions in apartments. For example, modern air conditioners not only cool air flows coming from the street, but are also equipped with a heating function. They also have dehumidification functions when the room is too humid, and purify the air from harmful compounds.

Current sanitary standards do not set the temperature of radiators. It is only important that the temperature in the home corresponds to certain indicators, which is influenced by differences in climatic conditions of the corresponding region. Indicators in the winter months should not be lower than 20 degrees. If this value is less, then the services of the heat supply organization are of poor quality.

In this case, property owners need:

• seek to have it removed bad job for the provision of public services;
• demand from the management company when the heating is turned off unscheduled;
• carefully seal all cracks in windows and doors;
• buy additional equipment for heating the room;
• install autonomous heating appliances.

How to increase or decrease the temperature

By GOST most minimum indicator in the apartment should correspond to 15 degrees. With such a value, although life is quite difficult and uncomfortable, management companies believe that all standards are met. Because of this, the population independently regulates the temperature regime, and when cold weather sets in or mass heating outages occur, double-glazed windows are installed or the windows are sealed. At worst, they turn on electric heaters or convectors.

What to do when constant temperature in housing reaches 28 degrees, which occurs when the batteries are too hot. The highest value in the standard is 24 degrees, to which an error of 4 degrees is added. When thermostats are installed on the radiator, there are no questions, you just need to adjust it to the required number.

When there are no such devices on the battery, it is not very convenient to constantly open the windows due to drafts in the room. If the apartment has Small child, then such actions are not a way out of the situation; this is completely contraindicated for older people. To correct the situation you can:

• turn on the tap in front of the radiator;
• install an air recuperator.

By closing the ball valve in front of the battery, you will reduce the amount hot water which is served. The recuperator will allow air flows to circulate correctly, and the air flow will enter the home already warmed up.

Optimal temperature during the heating season

It is clear from the above that the comfortable value in the apartment is established SNIP at 20-22 degrees. Possible indicators determined within the range of 18-26 degrees, in accordance with the purpose of the housing. Kitchens, living rooms and bathrooms have different standards. The errors correspond to 3 degrees of decrease and 4 degrees of increase in indicators. Unfortunately, according to current legislation, when it is 15 degrees above zero in an apartment, claims cannot be made against management companies. Also at a temperature of 30 degrees, when in winter the batteries heat up to their maximum. Here, as they say, if you want to live, know how to move around and contact the relevant authorities.

Responsibility of utilities for violations of standards

According to the law, tenants and homeowners have the right to apply for recalculation to management companies, which are obliged to reduce by 0.15 percent for each hour of violation of standards. If you do the math, for 28 days of improper provision of the service, the payment is reduced by up to 90 percent. Naturally, utility services themselves will not perform such a recalculation, so you will have to turn to the courts.

There are many cases where residents of apartment buildings have sued utility companies for money for services that were not fully provided or of poor quality. For example, three years ago, a Perm resident managed to recover 136 thousand rubles from the management company for violating their obligations to provide heat to the apartment. Therefore, you should defend your rights and contact.

Conclusion

The management company at the place of residence is obliged to provide temperature in accordance with current standards and regulations. As a result, if cases of non-compliance with the quality of heating services are identified, this organization must be reported and, if required, a report must be drawn up.

If it comes to a private residential building, then it is necessary to control the supplied heating devices, increasing the efficiency of the batteries or using modern efficient devices.

For productive work a favorable microclimate should be maintained in the office, but many employers do not comply temperature requirements. This is a direct violation of Russian legislation. From this article you will learn the temperature norms in office premises. We'll also tell you in detail where to go if your workplace gets too hot or cold.

Which document regulates indoor temperature standards?

The temperature in the premises is regulated by SanPiN 2.2. 4.548-96, approved by the law “On the sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population” of 1999. The requirements of this normative document apply to offices, regardless of the profile and scale of the organization. The heads of organizations are responsible for maintaining the temperature regime. You can read more about the sanitary and hygienic characteristics of working conditions in the article.

Permissible standards in summer and winter, deviations and fluctuations

The optimal temperature in the workplace according to SanPiN for mental workers working 8 hours a day:

• +23-25°С – in summer;
• +22-24°С – in the cold season.

The maximum permissible deviation from the norm is 1-2°C. During the entire working day, temperature fluctuations should not exceed 3-4 °C.

When using a sensitive thermometer, even in a small room, the temperature measurement results may differ by 3-4 degrees. This is due to the fact that warm air rises up, and cold one goes down. Therefore, legislation requires that the thermometer hang at a height of 1 m from the floor. In this case, the temperature will be measured correctly.

How to organize your working day if the temperature in the office deviates from the norm, see this video

What happens if temperature standards are not observed?

Interesting fact

According to research by Cornell University professor Alan Hage, at an optimal office temperature of 25 degrees, workers are practically not distracted from their duties and make a minimal number of errors (up to 10%). When the temperature drops to just 20 degrees, productivity drops by half and workers make about 25% of errors. In more unfavorable conditions, labor productivity decreases even more.

If the temperature in the office deviates from the norm, employees have the right to demand a reduction in the length of the working day. Employees are required to work all 8 hours only until the room exceeds +28°C. When the temperature rises by 1 degree Celsius, management is obliged to reduce the working day by 1 hour:

• at +29°C the working day is 7 hours;
• at +30°C – 6 hours;
• at +31°C – 5 hours, etc.

At +35°C, an employee has the right to work only 1 hour, and at +36°C, work is completely canceled.

The same rules apply when the temperature drops below the established norm:

• at +19°C the working day is 7 hours;
• at +18°C – 6 hours;
• at +17°C – 5 hours, etc.

If the office is +13°C, the working day is reduced to 1 hour, and at +12°C the employee is not required to work at all.

What to do and where to contact an employee in case of violations

Additionally

If the employer does not respond to employees’ requests to normalize the temperature in the office or reduce the working day, then they have the right to appeal to the Federal Service for Labor and Employment. This can be done electronically on the Rostrud website, in the “Send an appeal” section, or you can apply in person (information can be found in the “Public reception” section).

If temperature standards are not observed in the workroom, employees can solve the problem in several ways:

1. Ask your employer to normalize the temperature using an air conditioner or heater.
2. Demand that the working hours be reduced in accordance with SanPiN standards.
3. File a complaint with Rospotrebnadzor (find out how and where you can complain about an employer).
4. Contact the labor inspectorate.

If you select the last two options, the workplace will be organized. Employees of the department to which the complaint was filed will establish the fact of the offense and oblige the employer to eliminate it.

What administrative measures are provided for an employer for non-compliance with temperature conditions?

An employer who is responsible for not maintaining the temperature regime in the office is subject to administrative liability. If SES specialists record such a violation, the management of the enterprise will be obliged to pay a fine of up to 20,000 rubles. It is also possible to suspend the activities of an organization for a certain period.

Still have questions? Ask them in the comments to the article