Every person should know their blood type. Of course, if treatment takes place in a hospital, then the doctors themselves will be able to determine it. But there are emergency situations when not a minute can be lost, so information about the blood must be known.
What is this data?
Back in the last century, blood was divided into 4 groups. This was first done by a scientist from Australia. Today, many parents who are about to have a child in the near future want to know various details about their baby. At the same time, determining eye or hair color is a procedure that is performed out of curiosity. But knowing your blood type can be very important information.
Today, these indicators are used not only for medical purposes. They are used to find out the future and choose a suitable diet.
In addition, the Rh factor is determined. This indicator is also transmitted from parents.
How are these indicators determined?
To obtain this data, you need to go to the hospital. Specialists in laboratory conditions will be able to do this. No special appointments are required for this. It is enough to come to a therapist who will write out a referral. After that in morning time a specialist will take blood for analysis, and later the indicators will be known. This procedure is done on an empty stomach. Blood is drawn from a vein or finger and then sent to a laboratory. There, specialists carry out special manipulations, after which the person will know his blood type.
Determination of blood data without tests
Many people put off going to the doctor because they are embarrassed by the queues at clinics, or simply do not have enough time. And some people want to determine their blood type on their own just for fun. After which they eagerly await confirmation of their own assumptions from the doctor. There are different motivations that prompt a person to determine this data at home. And it’s possible to do it yourself.
First way
Initially, it is recommended to review your documents. Sometimes in the passport or medical card The necessary indicators have already been indicated, since they have long been identified and recorded in the document. A person could forget this information over the years. Often the blood type is written down in a code that at first glance seems incomprehensible. If you noticed any numbers and letters, you should know what they mean:
- if 0 or 00 is specified, this indicates the first group;
- A (0A) – about the second;
- B (0B) – about the third;
- AB – about the fourth.
These documents may also indicate the Rh factor. Next to the combination of letters Rh there should be either a plus or a minus, which respectively indicates a positive or negative Rh.
Second way
But it often happens that such information is not indicated in the documents. There are some dubious theories regarding blood group determination. It is believed that it influences a person’s taste preferences. Therefore, it is recommended to remember your favorite products, which will help determine your group. This theory speaks of the following data:
- those with the first blood group love meat very much;
- the second - they love vegetables and cereals;
- third - they are distinguished by a special passion for dairy products;
- fourth - they love different foods.
But there is no exact evidence that this theory is true. It is also believed that a specific group can influence character. Therefore, some experts advise trying to find out it using the following data:
- People with the first group have a strong character. They are often leaders who go towards a specific goal.
- Owners of the second group, on the contrary, are quiet, calm people.
- If the blood type is third, then the person is open, he is an optimist, loves communication, and easily finds contact with people.
- But individuals with the fourth group are often versatile. But experts have not yet identified other characteristics.
But character and food preferences are known to be influenced by upbringing and life factors. Therefore, these methods are quite dubious. Only a doctor can provide the most accurate indicators.
Determination of data in a child
Young children are ordinary people, for this reason the previous methods can also be attributed to them. But many parents want to know the blood type even before the baby is born. To do this, you should have information about the indicators of the mother and father, because genetically the child will be given a certain combination of numbers, which indicates the blood type. The decoding of these indicators has already been described above.
For example, if the mother was assigned the fourth group, which is written as AB, and the father was assigned the second group (0B), then their heir may have different indicators. As a result, doctors can determine group 2, 3 or 4, namely A, B or AB, respectively. The likelihood that the baby will have a B indicator increases if we consider the numbers and letters of his parents.
The Rh factor is also easily recognized. If both father and mother are negative, then their heir is mandatory will also receive it. But there are situations when these indicators differ among parents. In this case, it will be impossible to find out the Rh factor, since it can turn out to be anything.
It is impossible to accurately know the indicators of the unborn child. One can only imagine what they might be. 100% is determined only by the group that does not appear in the baby. If the father and mother have it first, then the heir will receive the same blood. But it can also appear in parents with group 3. Therefore, it is better not to guess, but after birth to determine all the indicators in laboratory conditions, which are accurate.
But they exist in modern world centers where all this data can be found out even before the baby is born. But you should not conduct such research for the sake of interest. They are carried out when there is a threat to the life of the unborn child.
So, despite a number of theories that can be used to guess the indicator relative to human blood, it is recommended to go to clinics where accurate data will be provided.
There may be situations in a person’s life in which it is necessary to find out what his blood type is - preparation for any operation, donation, including emergency. Despite the fact that everyone should know such information about themselves and their loved ones, unfortunately, not everyone can boast of this basic knowledge. Therefore, we will figure out how to find out the blood type, existing methods and what you will need for this.
What are the types of blood?
Before moving on to defining blood groups and the Rh factor, let's talk about what these concepts mean.
In medicine, there are 4 types of blood. They differ from each other in the presence of antibodies and antigens. Based on the combination in which they are located on red blood cells, they determine whether they belong to a particular group. Discovered great amount antigens, however, all over the world they have accepted unified system AB0. In addition, a person can have one of two Rhesus (antigens) - positive or negative. These parameters are formed during the development of the fetus in the womb and do not change until the end of life.
Groups are designated not only by numbers, but also by letters:
| Groups | Designation | Differences |
|---|---|---|
| I | 0 or 00 | It differs in the content of both agglutinins. This type suits everyone. It is believed that this is the most ancient group that the first people had. |
| II | A or 0A | It contains only β agglutinin. Suitable for transfusion to representatives of the second and fourth. The place of origin is considered to be Europe, about 25 thousand years ago. Much time has passed since then, the spread has occurred throughout the world due to population migration. |
| III | V or 0V | Agglutinin α is detected. Suitable for people with third and fourth. It is believed that it arose about 15 thousand years ago, and its representatives belong to the Mongoloid race. Spread in Europe and Asia. |
| IV | AB | This type is distinguished by the absence of aglutinins. It is the rarest, due to its late appearance (about a thousand years ago). |
The Rh factor (RH) is a special antigen that is detected along with the group. It can be positive or negative. The latter blood Rh factor is more common.
As a result of research, it was discovered that there is a connection between diseases and blood type. Based on what blood type the patient has, he is prescribed a special diet, with which he can more effectively cope with overweight and also avoid the occurrence of many diseases. During pregnancy, it matters what RH both parents have.
Definition
Among the methods for finding out your group and RH, there is the very first one that does not require much effort - just look at a new passport or medical record. The designation can be either numbers or letters. Near RH there will be a “+” (positive) or “-” (negative). If such data are not available, then you should move on to other methods for determining blood groups.
A relatively quick and easy way to determine your blood type is, of course, taking a test in a clinic. Blood group and Rh tests are also carried out upon donation.
The most popular technique for determining blood group using standard sera. They are prepared from an untested blood sample, isolating plasma with the antibodies in it, for subsequent mixing with an isotonic sodium chloride solution. Agglutination is assessed within three minutes after the start of the interaction of the sera.
A prerequisite is the room temperature: 15-25 0 C.
The following method for determining blood group and Rh factor is performed using monoclonal cyclones. They have greater avidity compared to the sera used in the first method, i.e. The agglutination reaction occurs faster.
When studying RH, sera with the same type of AB0 as the patient's, as well as special anti-Rhesus antibodies, are used. Mixing takes place in a Petri dish.
Where can I find out my blood type? Blood group testing and Rh determination can be done at your local clinic or any private clinic. The analysis is also carried out at in case of emergency in hospitals before surgical intervention so that if a transfusion is necessary, the necessary donor blood is on hand.
Is it possible to find out without tests?
Not everyone wants to go to the clinic and stand in line to donate blood, so such people are interested in the question of how to find out their blood type without tests. This is especially true for children. Of course, they are the same as the rest, so the methods for determining blood type are no different from adults, but inheritance from parents can be predicted. It is believed that if mom and dad have the first group, then with 100% probability the child will be born with the same type. For parents with the first, second and third, the baby is equally likely to inherit any of them. The fourth may be in those whose parent is from the third, and the second from the fourth. There is a table by Gregor Mendel that allows you to determine parameters even before birth.
When determining the Rh factor of blood, everything is a little simpler. If mom and dad are negative, then their son or daughter will have the same. All other options involve both positive and negative. Sometimes paternity is determined by blood parameters. This information is not very accurate, because... can only give preliminary results.
Sometimes the type is different from the parent, so a DNA test is needed to establish the relationship.
Besides laboratory tests, there are tests to determine blood type. They help determine your blood type at home. To check your type, you only need a special strip on which a drop of blood is applied. The result will be ready in a few minutes. There is another home test for which you need to apply a small amount onto a special cardboard with fields. The field in which agglutination is observed is your type.
We recognize by psychological characteristics and preferences
There are suggestions that you can recognize your group and relatives by character. Representatives of the first type are distinguished by their strong character, self-confidence and a penchant for leadership. People with the second type, on the contrary, are soft, calm and peaceful. The third type is found in people who are sociable, cheerful, and active. But representatives of the fourth type cannot be characterized with a specific word; they combine different inclinations. So if you don’t yet know what type your relatives belong to, then you can try to find out on your own, and then compare the results.
What other ways are there to determine your blood type without tests? There is a theory that blood type is also determined using food preferences. Fans meat products are classified as I, lovers of vegetables and cereals are classified as II, those who love dairy most often have III, and IV is not distinguished by a special love for a specific type of food.
Despite the fact that these conclusions were made by scientists as a result of numerous observations, you should not rely only on these data, because they may turn out to be wrong. It is best to find out your blood type in a proven way.
Now science can offer us ways to determine blood type, both in medical laboratories, and at home. This is great progress, allowing for rapid testing that takes a minimum of time. Of course, additional improvements are currently being made that will make the analysis more accurate, but over time, determining blood groups will become easier, and many will get rid of unwanted trips to the clinic.
In contact with
People often start thinking about their blood type when they experience health problems. But a person must know this important information about yourself and your family. During hospital treatment, doctors will conduct this study on their own, but in critical cases, where every minute counts, this information is extremely necessary. We will tell you how to determine your blood type at home.
How to determine blood type
In addition to emergency situations, knowledge of blood type and Rh factor is required to improve a person’s condition. For example, when making nutritional recommendations.
There are 3 main ways to find out what kind of blood:
- Submission of analysis to the laboratory.
This method is considered the most effective. The research is carried out at a professional level with special equipment. The advantage of the method is to obtain exact result.
- Donating blood for donation.
This method is both the most accurate and fastest. In addition, donating your blood can help patients.
- Conducting research at home or blood group tests.
No change necessary tests It is very difficult to correctly determine the blood type, but the determination method is likely to be accurate.
The advantage of the method is that it eliminates the need to go to the hospital. The only thing that is necessary is knowledge of theory in the field of biological sciences.
There is a special system of AB0 antigens. A blood group is a special combination of antigens and antibodies of the ABO system found on red blood cells. Agglutinins are antibodies found in plasma. They are used to determine group affiliation. α-agglutinin is characteristic of groups I and III, and β-agglutinin is characteristic of groups I and II. In erythrocytes, antigens A or B may be contained separately, together, or completely absent. From here there are 4 main groups:
- Group I. It is characterized by the content of 2 agglutinins in the plasma.
- Group II differs in the content of β-agglutinin.
- Group III is characterized by the content of α-agglutinin.
- Group IV – no agglutinins.
Most rare group the fourth is considered. The most common ones are the first and second groups.
Rh factor (Rh) is an antigen determined together with blood group. It can be positive and negative.
Methods for conducting blood group testing without testing
The easiest way to find out where your blood type is written is to look at the information in your passport. Most people have a stamp on it indicating the corresponding blood type and Rh factor. If such data is not in the passport, then you should look at the medical record.
The extract from the card must indicate group characteristics. Depending on them, the blood type can be determined. If 00 is indicated, then you have group I; 0A,AA – II; 0B, BB – III and AB – IV. It’s even easier to find out the Rh factor; there should be “+” or “-” at the top.
Only a specialized doctor will be able to correctly determine your group and Rh factor during testing.
How is blood type related to human taste preferences?
Some experts put forward several theories about the influence of blood type on people's taste preferences.
According to the research, they assigned certain classes of products to each group. So, by figuring out what you love most, you can predict your data.
Representatives of group I include lovers of meat products. II is characterized by a love of vegetables and various types porridge People who prefer dairy products belong to III. Have no obvious taste preferences representatives of group IV.
There is an opinion that blood type affects a person’s character and abilities. Using this theory, you can compare your character.
A person with clearly expressed leadership qualities, a tough character, and self-confidence is a representative of the first group. The second category includes people who are calm, quiet and peaceful. The third characterizes bright, eccentric and sociable personalities. The character traits of representatives of the fourth group are much more difficult to identify; they are too versatile.
These theories do not provide a complete picture of the required issue. Further application of information in medicinal purposes may harm your health.
How to find out the blood type and Rh factor of a child
It is possible to conduct a test to determine whether you belong to a certain blood group before the baby is born.
Everyone knows that every person inherits genes from their parents. A similar situation occurs in the case of this analysis. To determine it, it is enough to know the blood type of the father and mother. In this case, by going through all possible combinations, you can find out the child’s belonging to the group as a percentage.
As mentioned above, there are symbols for each group. Using them, you can obtain the necessary information. Of course, not all cases guarantee determination with 100% accuracy. But it is worth listing the possible combinations.
If both parents belong to the first group (00), second (AA) or third (BB), then with a 100% probability the child will have the same. In cases where one parent has I (00), and the other has II (AA) or III (BB), then the result is II (A0) or III (B0), respectively. The fourth group can be in a child whose one parent is with the second group (AA), and the other with the third (BB).
With the Rh factor the situation is much simpler. If both parents have a negative test, then the baby will have a similar test. In other cases, it is impossible to predict the result.
If the father has a positive Rh factor and the mother has a negative Rh factor, it is imperative to consult a specialist.
Innovative methods for determining blood type and Rh factor at home
To date, scientists from Austria have developed unique way carrying out an at-home test that will help you quickly find out your blood type. They did very serious work. The method promises not only an accurate result, but also ease of implementation in general.
To do this manipulation at home, you only need a small test strip and a drop of blood. In just a few minutes you will have the finished result in your hands.
This innovation will allow you to avoid waiting for the test and the result itself in the hospital. Time often plays an important role in this matter.
Home test for Rh factor
Specialists from Denmark are also keeping up with innovations. Express cards developed by them are under trade name Eldoncard allows you to significantly reduce the processing of this analysis. Moreover, they can be used in emergency situations in hospitals, educational institutions and at home.
It is based on improved types of “dry” monolocal reagents. With their help, you can determine AB0 antigens and Rhesus status together and separately.
The analysis does not require specially trained personnel, laboratories or equipment. All you need is water or saline. solution.
Procedure for conducting the study:
- Add a drop of water to each circle with the reagent.
- Take the blood and apply it to a special stick.
- Apply to the card and wait 1.5-2 minutes.
After interpreting the result, it is necessary to apply a protective film to the test for its complete safety (up to 3 years).
The rapid test has a wide storage temperature range. It has passed numerous tests in various rooms, in emergency situations, and is certified in Russia.
As a result, if you are simply interested in finding out your blood type and the research process itself, then be sure to use the instructions given in the article. Otherwise you should contact medical institution to get an accurate result. In any case, whatever the reasons, it is quite possible to do some kind of analysis at home yourself!
Blood group determination is an analysis that helps determine whether a person belongs to a group of people with certain immunogenetic blood characteristics, which makes it possible to establish their compatibility with each other on this basis. The child's blood type is formed during the period intrauterine development and remains unchanged throughout life.
Why is it important to know your blood type?
Determining blood group compatibility is necessary, first of all, for transfusion (blood transfusion). Large blood loss is deadly. Since ancient times, attempts have been made to compensate for blood loss by infusing the blood of another person. But the first blood you come across cannot be used. When mixing blood “blindly,” in about half of the cases, agglutination occurs: red blood cells (erythrocytes) begin to stick together, forming clumps. The flakes resulting from agglutination are visible in a test tube with the naked eye; it is clear that if this process happens inside circulatory system, nothing good can be expected for a person.
At the beginning of the 20th century, it was established why agglutination occurs. On the surface of the erythrocyte (red blood cell) membrane there are special antigen proteins (they are called agglutinogens). They are called antigens because they can bind to other substances - antibodies. This connection is specific, that is, a given antigen can only be bound by a specific antibody. When we talk about blood groups, we use a system that is only interested in two antigens (in fact, there are many more of them “riding” on red blood cells). For convenience, these antigens (agglutinogens) are designated by the first letters of the Latin alphabet - A and B. The corresponding antibodies (they are called agglutinins) are designated by the first letters Greek alphabet– α (alpha) and β (beta).
Obviously, an antigen and its corresponding antibody cannot be present in the blood at the same time, otherwise a reaction (agglutination) would occur. But other combinations are possible. They are the ones who determine which group our blood belongs to.
Blood groups and their compatibility
In domestic medicine, groups are designated by a number and called accordingly: first, second, third, fourth. Abroad, this system is called AB0 and the corresponding designations are used.
Group I(group 0) – first (or zero). People with blood of this group do not have both agglutinogens (A and B) on the erythrocyte membrane, but agglutinins α and β are present in the plasma.
Group II(A) – second group. The blood of this group contains agglutinogen A and agglutinin β.
Group III(B) – third group. In the blood, agglutinogen B is present on erythrocytes, and agglutinin α is present in the plasma.
Group IV(AB) – fourth group. Both antigens are present on red blood cells, but there are no antibodies in plasma.
Whole blood can be transfused only when the blood of both the donor and recipient belongs to the same group. Red blood cells can also be used for transfusion (they are separated from the plasma), in which case only agglutinogens are important. Red blood cells of a person of the first blood group can be transfused to everyone, since they cannot introduce antigen and provoke agglutination. Therefore, a person with the first blood group is a universal donor.
Red blood cells of the second group can be transfused to people who already have agglutinogen A in their blood - that is, with the second and fourth groups. Accordingly, red blood cells of the third group can be transfused to those who have agglutinogen B in their blood; these are the third and fourth groups.
A person with blood type IV is a universal recipient: he can receive red blood cells from people with any blood type, while his blood can only be used for transfusion to people with the same blood type.
When is blood type determination performed?
Indications for determining blood group are:
- the need for blood transfusion;
- preparation for operations. Any operation is a risk; under certain circumstances, it may be necessary to replace blood loss, and then doctors should know what kind of blood can be used for this;
- . In some cases, there may be incompatibility between the blood groups of mother and child. If there is a blood type conflict, the child may be born with hemolytic disease newborns (hemolytic jaundice). To determine the baby's blood type, a blood test is taken immediately after birth. cord blood. But a conflict based on blood type can also be judged during pregnancy – by the level of antibodies in the mother’s blood. The risk of blood type incompatibility between mother and child is calculated based on the likely blood type of the child, which, in turn, depends on what blood type the mother and father have. To assess this risk, it is necessary to take a test to determine your blood type during pregnancy.
When doctors need to find out the blood type, the analysis is usually done again. This is done to completely eliminate the possibility of errors resulting from the use of incorrect data. The doctor will not ask the patient’s blood type, since he is responsible for his life and must have one hundred percent certainty that the blood type is determined correctly.
But knowing your blood type (and the blood type of your children) is still useful. Firstly, no one can be immune from emergency situations. And secondly, there is a certain relationship between blood type and predisposition to various diseases.
Ask your parents' blood type. If your parents know exactly their blood type, this makes the task much easier. In most cases, you can use an online calculator (in English) or look at the following table:
Table for determining blood type
I(O) parent x I(O) parent = I(O) child
I(O) parent x II(A) parent = II(A) or I(O) child
I(O) parent x III (B) parent = III (B) or I(O) child
I(O) parent x IV (AB) parent = II(A) or III (B) child
II(A) parent x II(A) parent = II(A) or I(O) child
II(A) parent x III (B) parent = II(A), III (B), IV (AB) or I(O) child
II(A) parent x IV (AB) parent = II(A), III (B) or IV (AB) child
III (B) parent x III (B) parent = III (B) or I (O) child
III (B) parent x IV (AB) parent = II (A), III (B) or IV (AB) child
IV (AB) parent x IV (AB) parent = II(A), III (B) or IV (AB) child
Determining your blood group involves determining the Rh factor, which is designated “Rh”. If both parents have a negative Rh factor (for example, I(O)- or IV (AB)-), then your Rh factor is negative. If one or both parents have a positive Rh factor, then it is impossible to find out your Rh factor without a blood test.
Check your blood type with your doctor. Maybe, this information already in your medical record.
It will be there if you donated blood to determine its group.
Blood group determination is carried out in the following situations:
- pregnancy;
- surgical intervention;
- organ donation;
- blood transfusion.
Buy a set for self-determination blood groups. If you don't want to go to the doctor or donate blood, you can buy a blood typing kit. Such kits are sold online or in pharmacies. The kit should contain instructions according to which you will need to apply the solution to a special card and add a few drops of blood. Follow the instructions carefully when adding special solutions to patches in specific areas where clump formation (agglutination) should occur. After the test, determine your blood type according to the table:
Using a special kit to determine blood type
Remember that a self-administered test is less reliable than a professional-administered test. Note the “Anti-A” and “Anti-B” labels on the reagents: this means that agglutination in the Anti-A cell determines blood type II (A). Agglutination in the Anti-B cell determines blood group III (B). Agglutination in both “Anti-A” and “Anti-B” cells means blood group IV (AB).
Pay attention to the “Anti-D” cell. Agglutination in this cell means a positive Rh factor. The absence of agglutination means a negative Rh factor.
Evaluate the control patch. If flakes appear on the control patch, use a new card.
Loading...