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Middle ear (separated from the outer ear by the eardrum formed by connective tissue. The eardrum serves as the outer wall (there are six walls in total) of a narrow vertical chamber - the tympanic cavity. This cavity is the main part of the human middle ear; it contains a chain of three miniature auditory ossicles, movably connected to each other by joints. The chain is held in a state of some tension by two very small muscles. Middle ear (separated from the outer eardrum by a connective tissue. The eardrum serves as the outer wall (there are six walls in total) of a narrow vertical chamber - the tympanic cavity. This cavity is the main part of the human middle ear; it contains a chain of three miniature auditory ossicles, movably connected to each other by joints. The chain is supported in a state of some tension by two very small muscles. The first of the three bones - the malleus - is fused with the eardrum. Vibrations of the eardrum that occur under the action sound waves. are transmitted to the hammer, from it to the second bone - the incus, and then to the third - the stirrup. The base of the stirrup is movably inserted into an oval-shaped window, “cut out” on the inner wall of the tympanic cavity. This wall (called labyrinthine) separates the tympanic cavity from inner ear. In addition to the window covered by the base of the stirrup, there is another round hole in the wall - the window of the cochlea, closed by a thin membrane. The facial nerve passes through the labyrinthine wall. The auditory, or Eustachian, tube also belongs to the middle ear. connecting the tympanic cavity and the nasopharynx. Through this pipe, 3.5 - 4.5 centimeters long, the air pressure in the tympanic cavity is balanced with atmospheric pressure.
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Audiometry The method of measuring hearing acuity is called audiometry. Conclusion: Noise with an intensity of dB causes fatigue of the hearing organ and reduces sensitivity. The longer noise affects the organ of hearing, the greater the damage that occurs in it. Noise above 85 dB (street noise 80) causes irreversible changes in the auditory receptors.
Sensitive hairs (increased by times) Short - tall sound, long-low
Ludwig van Beethoven () German composer, conductor and pianist.
DEPARTMENT OF THE AUDITORY ORGAN WHAT IS THE DEPARTMENT FILLED ORGANS THAT FORM THE DEPARTMENT FUNCTION OF THE DEPARTMENT EXTERNAL DIVISION 1. EAR CONCHALE, 2. AUDITORY CHANNEL AIR STRENGTHENING AND CONDUCTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS air TRAPPING, CONDUCTING SOUND WAVES MEDIUM SECTION 1. tympanic membrane 2. malleus 3. invil 4. stirrup , 5. EUSTACHIAN TUBE
Instruction card “Experimental task”. 1. To the right ear of the subject who is sitting with eyes closed, bring closer wrist watch. The distance at which he heard the ticking of the clock is recorded. 2. Carry out a similar experiment with the left ear. (The normal distance is cm.) 3. Listen to loud music for 1 minute, and then repeat the experiment. (All students listen to music together.)music 4. Compare the results of the work and explain them. Draw a conclusion.
Choose the correct answers 1. How many sections make up the organ of hearing: 1) 5 2) 2 3) 3 4) 4 2. The outer ear is formed by: 1) eardrum And ear canal 2) auditory ossicles 3) labyrinth and snail 4) Auricle and auditory canal 3. The middle ear connects to the nasopharynx: 1) eustachian tube 2) round window membrane 3) external auditory canal 4) auditory ossicles
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Mastoiditis Inflammation of the mastoid process temporal bone, in the thickness of which there are air cells communicating with the cavity of the middle ear. It usually occurs as a complication of acute otitis media and is caused by the same pathogen. With mastoiditis, a purulent process develops in the cells of the appendix, which poses a risk of intracranial complications(meningitis) due to the anatomically close location of the sinuses and membranes of the brain. General signs- temperature increase, headache, changes in blood tests. Local - pain in the ear, often pulsating, suppuration, protrusion of the auricle, swelling and redness in the area behind the ear. When pressing on the appendage (behind the ear), pain is detected.
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Sulfur plug Formed due to increased secretion of sulfur glands. It consists of sulfur, a secretion sebaceous glands, flakes of loose skin, cholesterol. Normally, they are removed by movements of the anterior wall of the ear canal during conversation and chewing. The delay is facilitated by the narrowness and tortuosity of the ear canal and increased viscosity sulfur. The color of sulfur plug is from yellow to dark brown. The consistency is initially soft, waxy, then dense and even rocky. The traffic jam can reach large sizes, but if there is at least a narrow gap between it and the wall of the ear canal, hearing remains normal. However, it is enough to get a small amount of water into the ear, and the wax swells and suddenly the hearing decreases sharply, a feeling of stuffiness occurs, and sometimes noise in the ear. The plug can put pressure on the eardrum and cause reflex headaches, dizziness, coughing, and nausea.
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Hearing loss Decreased hearing, in which the speech of others is poorly or insufficiently clearly perceived. Causes of hearing loss: chronic purulent otitis media and inflammation auditory tube, developmental anomalies of the middle ear, consequences of inflammation of the inner ear, damage to the auditory nerve. If the sound-conducting apparatus (outer and middle ear) is damaged, appropriate conservative or surgery can significantly improve and sometimes restore hearing. Children with the perception of spoken speech at a distance of less than 2 meters are subject to education in a special school. With less damage they can study in a regular school.
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Otosclerosis A peculiar degenerative disease of the ear, mainly affecting the bone capsule of the labyrinth. The causes are unknown. More common in women. Symptoms and course. Progressive loss of conductive hearing, tinnitus and a number of metabolic disorders. First clinical symptoms usually appear at the age of 16-20 years. Hearing loss occurs unnoticeably, then gradually increases in one ear first. Decreased hearing in the other ear is detected only after several months or even years. Over time, hearing loss may occur due to the type of sound perception (neuritis).
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Noise in ears Common symptom various diseases ear. Can be short-term, long-term or permanent. The intensity also varies, often intensifying in a quiet environment. The nature of the noise is extremely diverse: the noise of the forest, sea surf, grasshopper chirping, etc. Can appear with diseases of any area auditory organ. The noise is especially unbearable in cases of otosclerosis. Great importance It has correct mode life and work (normal nutrition, sleep, walks) fresh air, playing sports, quitting smoking and drinking alcohol, physical and brainwork without stress and in conditions not associated with constant noise, etc
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Acoustic neuritis Damage to the auditory nerve can be caused by inflammation and atrophic changes as a result various factors. Among the many reasons are toxic substances, including drugs, various infections(flu, brucellosis, etc.), diseases of blood vessels, heart, kidneys, prolonged irritation by noise, damage to the middle and inner ear. Tinnitus, varying in intensity and frequency. Hearing loss - similar to deterioration in the perception of high-pitched sounds - is progressive. Sometimes complete deafness develops within a few days or even hours.
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Structure of the hearing organ
Subject. Structure and functions of the auditory analyzer. Hearing hygiene. AUDINALE AUDITORY CAST
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Heart, lungs vision hearing intestines kidneys Skeletal parts Bladder
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Structure of the hearing organ
Subject. Structure and functions of the auditory analyzer. Hearing hygiene. EAR CONCHANA AUDITORY CALL TYMPANUM EARDRUMMAL MALLUS INCULOUS EUSTACHIAN TUBE Named in honor of B. Eustachio-Italian physician and anatomist
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EXPERIENCE No. 1
The method for measuring hearing acuity is called audiometry. Conclusion: Noise with an intensity of 50-80 dB causes fatigue of the hearing organ and reduces sensitivity. The longer noise affects the organ of hearing, the greater the damage that occurs in it. Noise above 85 dB (street noise 80) causes irreversible changes in the auditory receptors.
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Structure of the hearing organ
Subject. Structure and functions of the auditory analyzer. Hearing hygiene. EAR CONCHANA AUDITORY CHANNEL EARDRURM Hammer, incus, stirrup EUSTACHIAN TUBE COCHALE, ORGAN OF CORTI AUDITORY NERVE Discovered by Italian histologist A. Corti
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harp
Sensitive hairs (magnified by 250,000 times) Short - high sound, long - low sound
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In addition to the described so-called air conduction of sound vibrations, their transmission through the bones of the skull is also possible - bone conduction
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HEARING ORGAN
air TRAPPING, CONDUCTION OF SOUND WAVES MIDDLE SECTION 1. tympanic membrane 2. malleus 3. invil 4. stirrup, 5. eustachian tube
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LIQUID VIBRATIONS TURN INTO NERVE IMPULSES
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Let the fireworks follow your health!!!
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EXPERIENCE No. 2
Conclusion: in addition to the described so-called air conduction of sound vibrations, their transmission through the bones of the skull is also possible - bone conduction
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Instruction card “Experimental task”.
1. A wristwatch is brought close to the right ear of the subject, who is sitting with his eyes closed. The distance at which he heard the ticking of the clock is recorded. 2. Carry out a similar experiment with the left ear. (A distance of 10-15 cm is considered normal.) 3. Listen to loud music for 1 minute, and then repeat the experiment. (All students listen to music together.) 4. Compare the results of the work and explain them. Draw a conclusion.
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Choose the correct answers
1. How many sections make up the organ of hearing: 1) 52) 23) 34) 4 2. The outer ear is formed by: 1) eardrum and auditory canal2) auditory ossicles3) labyrinth and cochlea4) auricle and auditory canal 3. The middle ear connects to nasopharynx: 1) eustachian tube2) round window membrane3) external auditory canal4) auditory ossicles
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4. The inner ear includes: 1) oval window2) semicircular canals3) cochlea4) semicircular canals 5. Receptors auditory analyzer located: 1) in the inner ear2) in the middle ear3) on the eardrum4) in the auricle
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The ear is the organ of hearing. With the help of our ears we can hear music, speech, noise. By listening and perceiving sounds, a person learns about what is happening around him, communicates with people, feels danger, and enjoys music.
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Our hearing organ consists of three sections, each of which does its own job. OUTER ear- This is the auricle and auditory canal. The MIDDLE ear is the eardrum and the 3 auditory ossicles - the smallest bones in our body. INNER EAR- this is a very complex labyrinth in the form of a cochlea and the auditory nerve; this part of our ear has still been very little studied.
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Our ear is not only an organ of hearing but also an organ of balance. It has semicircular canals that contain fluid. When you move, the liquid in these channels also splashes from side to side. If you spin in one place for a long time and then suddenly stop, you can lose your balance and fall, because the liquid in these channels continues to “spin”
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Ear hygiene Earwax needed for lubricating and cleaning the ear canals, it also performs an antimicrobial function. Excess wax should only be removed from the outer part of the ear, but there is no need to stick cotton swabs inside the ear canal to clean it. Other harmful effects cotton swabs- the fact that they compact sulfur, and this can lead to the formation of cerumen plugs, for the removal of which you will need to see a doctor.
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This is interesting. It is believed that if you put a sea shell to your ear, you can hear the sound of the sea surf, the memories of which it supposedly stores. In fact, the “sound of the sea” in a seashell is nothing more than noise environment and the sound of our blood flowing through the vessels. Exactly the same sound effect can be achieved without a souvenir by placing a mug or even a bent palm to your ear. So the sounds that we hear in the shell have nothing to do with the sea.
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