What is a complex sentence? Every student asked this question. How easy is it to determine which sentence is in front of you: simple or complex? It's pretty easy, the main thing is to know a few tricky features.

What is a complex sentence: definition, types and examples

A complex sentence is a sentence that has more than one stem in its composition, they are interconnected by subordinating unions. Also, parts of such a sentence can be combined. It should be noted that along with complex sentences, there are also compound sentences in which the parts are connected by the unions “and”, “but”, “a”, in some cases there is a union “yes”. So, before determining which sentence is in front of you, you need to note the grammatical foundations, if there are two or more of them, then you need to ask a question from one of them. The part from which the question is asked is called the main part, and to which the question is asked is called the subordinate.

A complex sentence, examples of which will be given below, may include several types of connection of parts, for example, parallel, serial. In parallel, the question is asked from the main part to the rest, in sequential - from each to the next. This suggests that in a complex sentence, dependent parts are always unequal.

What is a complex sentence? Now there is an answer to this question: this is a sentence with unequal dependent parts that are connected by a subordinating union. Now we need to move on to classification. are attributive, circumstantial, which, in turn, have about 7 more subspecies, as well as explanatory. The first type is the type of sentence, when the dependent part answers the questions of adjectives, that is, it creates an emotional coloring of the sentence. For example: "The garden, because of which the house was not visible, was famous place in the town". explanatory answers the questions of all cases, except for the nominative. This can easily be confused with the attributive, so it is very important to ask the right question. For example: "Nikita was thinking about the same things his sister had said before."

The largest group is complex subordinating sentences with an adverbial clause, there are about 7 additional subparagraphs here: adnexal places, causes, goals, conditions, places, consequences and others. It is quite easy to distinguish them: all questions that can be asked to adverbs will be asked in this case as well. Therefore, it is usually simple and easy to define a part.

What is The answer to this question can be found in the article. In addition to the definition, the article presents all classifications of types of subordination, as well as types of subordinate parts. With such information, you can safely go to the unified state exam, because some of the questions aimed at elevated level, is connected precisely with the task-definition of the type or type of subordination of parts in the sentence.

complex called sentence, parts of which are grammatically unequal and connected by subordinating conjunctions or allied words.

Part complex sentence, subordinating the subordinate clause, is called main proposal . The part of a complex sentence that is syntactically dependent on another is called subordinate clause . The main and subordinate clauses are interconnected: they are united by meaning and construction.

Complex sentences include a main clause and one or more subordinate clauses. The subordinate clauses obey the main clause and answer the questions of the members of the sentence.

The subordinate clause can be placed after the main, in the middle of it, or before it.

For example: You only need to read the books which teach to understand the meaning of life, the desires of people and the motives of their actions. (M. Gorky.) The branches of the trees seemed shaggy and, when the wind came up, slightly noisy with the first green noise. (G. Skrebnitsky.) If language weren't poetic n, there would be no art of the word - poetry. (S. Marshak.)

The place of the subordinate clause in relation to the main clause can be depicted graphically:

[=], (which =).

[-= and, (when --), =].

(If - =), [=]

Subordinate clauses are separated from the main clause by commas. If the subordinate clause is in the middle of the main clause, it is separated by commas on both sides.

If there are several subordinate clauses in a complex sentence, then they can explain not only the main sentence, but also each other.

For example: 1) When in my hands A new book , I feel, that something living, speaking, wonderful has entered my life.(M. Gorky.) 2) Painting is also important because that the artist often notices what we do not see at all.(K. Paustovsky.)

In the first complex sentence, the main clause is explained by two subordinate clauses. In the second complex sentence, the main clause is Painting is also important; first adjective - that the artist often notices - explains the main thing, and itself is explained by the second subordinate clause - what we don't see .

Subordinating conjunctions and allied words in complex sentences

Subordinate clauses are attached to the main (or other subordinate clause) by subordinating conjunctions (simple and compound) or allied words (relative pronouns), which are presented in the table:

Subordinating conjunctions are not members of the subordinate clause, but serve only to attach clauses to the main or another clause.

For example: It is bitter to think that life will pass without grief and without happiness, in the hustle and bustle of daily worries.(I. Bunin.)

Allied words not only attach subordinate clauses to the main (or other subordinate clause), but are also members of the subordinate clauses.

For example: In autumn, birds fly away to places where it is always warm. I don't know why he did it.

In these sentences, allied words where and why are circumstances.

The union word requires a special comment which the. It can act as different members of the sentence: subject, predicate, inconsistent definition, circumstances and additions. To determine the syntactic function of an allied word which the, you need to find out which word of the main clause it replaces, substitute it for the allied word and determine which member of the subordinate clause it is.

For example: Village, which located on the banks of the river, very beautiful. In this sentence, the allied word that refers to the noun village. If we substitute the word village in subordinate clause, then you get: Village located on the coast. In this sentence, the word village performs the function of the subject, therefore, in the subordinate part of the original sentence, the allied word which is also subject.

Compare: The lake we approached turned out to be clean and deep. - I met a man whom I had not seen for a long time.

Some of the allied words turn out to be homonymous with unions, that is, in some cases they act as unions, and in others - as allied words.

To distinguish a union from an allied word, one must remember:

1) in some cases, the union can be omitted, but the allied word is not:

For example: Tanya says that the grass grows at night. (V. Belov.) - Tanya says: “The grass grows at night”;

2) the union can only be replaced by another union.

For example: When (- if) work is pleasure, life is good.(M. Gorky.)

3) A union word can only be replaced by a union word or those words from the main sentence to which the subordinate clause belongs,

For example: Remember the songs that the nightingale sang.(I. Bunin.)

Word what is an allied word, since it cannot be omitted, but can be replaced by an allied word which ( Remember the songs that the nightingale sang) and the word of the song ( Remember the songs: these songs were sung by the nightingale).

The ability to distinguish between unions and allied words is necessary for the correct intonation of a sentence, since often allied words are the semantic center, they are highlighted by logical stress.

What how and when can be both unions and allied words

To distinguish between these allied words and conjunctions, it should be remembered that:

1) on allied words what and how logical stress usually falls;

2) one can pose a semantic question to them and determine which member of the sentence they are;

3) they cannot be removed from the sentence without violating the meaning, but they can be replaced by synonymous allied words.

Compare: I knew our house was in need of repair. - I knew our house was in need of repair.

House, what on the contrary, it needs renovation. The house opposite is in need of repair.

When distinguishing between an allied word and a union when should be based on the meaning of subordinate parts. In relative clauses and often in clauses of explanatory clauses when is a union word, in all other cases when- union:

For example: I remember well the day we met. No one knew when he appeared in our city. When the blizzard is over, you can go for a walk.

The role of demonstrative words in the subordination of sentences

In the main part of a complex sentence, demonstrative words can sometimes be used that, such, all, everyone, no one, there, then and etc.

The role of demonstrative words in the organization of a complex sentence is not the same.

Firstly , they may be constructively necessary (a sentence with a given clause cannot be constructed without them).

For example: I am the one no one loves. The inclusion of correlative words necessary for the structure of the sentence is mandatory for block diagram such SPPs:

Secondly , correlative words can be optional, their role in the sentence in this case is intensifying-excretory (correlative words can be omitted without loss of meaning):

He remembered the man which the was visiting Petrov.

Demonstrative words are members of the main clause.

Features of attaching subordinate clauses to the main

The subordinate clause is joined by unions and allied words to the entire main clause, but in terms of meaning, the subordinate clause explains:

- one word (one member of the main sentence);

For example: The village where Eugene missed was a lovely corner. (A. Pushkin.) I guessed long ago that we are kindred in the heart. (A. Fet.) Having loaded the rifle, Andrei again rose above the pile of stones, thinking where to shoot. (M. Bubennov.);

- phrase;

For example: She stood fabulous silence that comes with frost. (P. Pavlenko.) And for a long time I will be so kind I to the people that I awakened good feelings with a lyre ... (A. Pushkin.) These snows burned with a ruddy sheen so fun so bright that, it seems, would have stayed here forever. (M. Lermontov.);

- the whole main sentence: The house stood on a slope so the windows to the garden were very low from the ground. (S. Aksakov.) The darker the night became, the brighter the sky flared up. (K. Paustovsky.)

Instruction

Try to identify the connection between two simple sentences that are part of a complex one. Determine if one of them depends on the other. In complex sentences, you can always ask a question from the main clause to the subordinate clause, for example, "He said (what did he say?) That he would go home."

Put a dot between sentences to check. If a complex structure painlessly broke up into two parts, and they perfectly “feel” apart from each other, this is a compound sentence. For example, compare: "We were walking in the park, and Bobik was running around" and "We were walking in the park. Bobik ran around.

If, when dividing a sentence into two parts, one of them loses or changes its meaning, feel free to conclude that you have a complex subordinate sentence. For example, a period between the sentences "Grandma asked me to buy medicine" will distort the meaning.

Find an alliance between sentences, in many cases it is from it that you can understand which sentence in front of you. Conjunctions a, and, but, yes are found in compound sentences, and conjunctions because, when, to, where, what, since, if, so, whose, where, etc. - in complex. If there is no union at all, it is a complex unionless sentence.

To distinguish complex sentence from simple, swipe parsing. Find all the subjects and predicates - if there are two bases in the sentence, interconnected by subordination and one of the complex unions, then you have a complex subordinate sentence. Sometimes the stem of one of the constituent sentences consists of only a predicate or only a subject, for example, "It's late, so let's go home."

Be careful, sometimes the main thing sentence may be broken into two parts, for example: "There was a cry from the street, which was filled with people."

Sources:

how to define a sentence simple or

Tip 3: How to distinguish a complex sentence from a complex sentence

complex sentence- this is sentence consisting of several simple ones. There are two main types of complex sentences: compound and complex. You can distinguish them from each other in several ways.

Instruction

Pay attention to the way of communication between sentences. Simple sentences as part of a complex subordinate are combined intonation or with the help of subordinating and allied words (relative). For example: what, to, when, if, because, since, which, where, while, and others. In a compound sentence, communication is carried out through intonation and coordinating conjunctions. These include: and, but, but, or, or, like ... and, but, and others.

In the section on the question How to distinguish a complex sentence from a complex one, asked by the author Angela Ustinova the best answer is I'll try in my own words

Compound sentence - consists of simple sentences that are interconnected by coordinating unions and, as a rule, are equal grammatically and in meaning.
Coordinating conjunctions - And, yes (in the meaning of "and"), and .. . and, neither... neither, also, also, But, but, yes (in the meaning of "but"), however, but, Or, or, whether ... whether then... that, not that... not that or... or how... and not only... but even though... but if not... then, not so much... how much, Namely, that is, or (in the meaning of "that is"), somehow, And then, and then, yes and, and also, etc.

A complex sentence is a complex sentence in which one simple sentence is subordinate to another, connected by a subordinating union or an allied word.
Subordinating conjunctions - What, to, like, etc., When, as soon as, only, barely, only, only, before, since, until, until, after, until, as far as as, after, because, since, because, due to the fact that, due to the fact that, due to the fact that, because, due to the fact that, due to the fact that, due to the fact that, due to the fact that , If, if, once, if, if, As, as if, as if, as if, exactly, than, rather than, like as, as if.

In general, in a compound compound there are two equal parts, and in a compound one - one depends on the other) VOILA)

Answer from Helena[active]
Simple sentences in a complex subordinate are connected with the help of conjunctions like, as if, because. In a compound with the help of unions what, and.

Answer from Tessa[guru]
AT complex sentences one simple clause (subordinate clause) depends on another (main clause). From the main clause to the subordinate clause, you can ask a question. For example:
We watched with keen interest (what were we watching?) as they practiced playing hockey. Besides, the subordinate clause (as they practiced playing hockey) cannot exist on its own.

AT compound sentence the constituent parts are grammatically independent of each other, that is, they are equal in rights, which means that each of the parts is the main one and can exist independently. For example:
It's still very early, and the miners are already on their morning shift. That is, from this sentence you can easily make 2 independent sentences.
1. It's still very early.
2. The miners are already on their morning shift.
I hope I explained clearly.

How to quickly and easily determine whether a complex or complex sentence?

very simple, by unions:
in compound - and, but, but
in complex subordinates - what, when, if, which, etc.
you can on questions, in compound ones one depends on the other
For unions:
If the unions “a, but, and, or, yes (in the meaning of and)”, etc., are composed.
And if the unions “Which, because”, etc., AND YOU CAN ALSO ask questions from the dependent sentence to the main one, then this is a subordinate sentence
It began to rain and a thunderstorm began - composed
It began to rain, because of which a thunderstorm began - subordinate (Why did the thunderstorm begin? Because it started to rain
In a compound sentence, the parts are equal in meaning, which means that by removing the union, we can make them simple sentences, without distorting the meaning. In a complex sentence, the parts depend on one another. And if one of them can be an independent proposal, then the other - never! In addition, you need to know that in compound sentences, coordinating unions serve to connect parts, and in complex sentences, respectively, subordinating ones.
Compound - when the two parts of the sentence are not related to each other. Complicated - when there is some kind of connection between them, and usually they are united by some union: which, because, etc.
Look at the means of communication! In SSP there are coordinating conjunctions, and in SPP there are subordinating conjunctions and allied words.
By unions used and allied words.
Check if you can ask a question from one simple sentence to another. If yes, then complex

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