Fashion is a type of induced psychosis. As is ideology. And religion.
Induced psychosis is medical term, which essentially reflects the well-known folk wisdom: whoever you mess with, you’ll gain from, despite your personal inclinations.
Induced psychosis (from Latin inducere - to introduce and Greek psyche - soul) is a form of human psychosis: a change in a person’s consciousness.
Initially, involuntary and unimposed imitation in the behavior of subjects, for one reason or another, liked the imitator. Those who happen to be nearby. What else can be called “monkeying”. Any learning begins with imitation!
Further, after mastering the “movements” from the object of imitation, the individual reproduces certain behavioral motives and value and super-valuable ideas that predetermine the behavior of other people with whom this individual closely communicates. These ideas often control the behavior of such people, without their obvious awareness of them. The qualitative, rational or delusional content of these ideas is enhanced by means mass media and the behavior of surrounding people.
Fashion is based on this - the thoughtless acceptance and repetition of everything in clothing, shoes, behavior, smells, musical preferences, dance, drawing and acting. People imitate other people... Just like monkeys.
In most cases, there are certain limited deviations from the norm in induced individuals. People without criticism adopt forms of behavior, types of dressing, speaking, beliefs or nonsense of both normal and sick people, politicians, ideologists, religious leaders. Often - paranoid, “real violent”, querulants...
The key symptom is accepting another person's experiences as absolute truth without any doubt or hesitation. I will act and think like those whom I consider to be “right.” Experiences, whether normal or delusional or tendentious, are themselves accepted and within the realm of the possible for a person and are usually not particularly bizarre, as in the state of schizophrenia. Most people like this behavior and accept it as justified. A striking example collective induced psychosis - Germany in the 30s.
Most often, the ideas of persecution, external control, chosenness, belief in higher origin...
Typically, induced people unite in groups, carrying out appropriate joint activities: restoring “justice”, monitoring the quality of the environment, monitoring nutrition for fear of poisoning, strengthening home and state in case of delirium of persecution, religious vigils, etc.). Based on this motivation, various societies, parties, sects, religions, ideologies arise...
When there is a break with the source of induction, psychotic manifestations disappear. This will take some time.
The driving force behind induced psychosis is suggestion and the desire for imitation and imitation. I'm just like you... We're just like you. I am mine...
As evidenced medical practice, in 40% of cases, induced psychosis occurs in parents and children, among brothers and sisters, in old married couples, especially with social isolation. This is where the popular “wisdom” comes from: “Husband and wife are one Satan.”
Mass inductions are also possible in social groups. Look at modern Ukraine or ISIS.
The very term induced psychosis (insanity) was proposed by G. Lehmann in 1883. This problem was widely discussed in Russian psychiatric circles at the end of the last century. Works by G. Tarde and N.K. Mikhailovsky (Hero and the Crowd, 1896) largely served as the impetus for these discussions.
The problem of induced psychosis was paid attention to by such outstanding researchers as V.I. Yakovenko, V.Kh. Kandinsky, A.A. Tokarsky, S.S. Korsakov, V.M. Bekhterev.
This methodology for understanding the current situation in various societies can be applied to peoples and states.
In the textbooks of psychiatry, among the magnificent variety of mental illnesses, there is one that occupies a special place. Because the painful symptoms as if there is, but the patient himself is healthy. The name of this disease is induced psychosis.
For example, let’s imagine a family of two middle-aged spouses. They lived happily ever after, but one fine day one of the spouses fell ill with schizophrenia. The disease progresses according to the classical textbooks: he begins to have minor problems, all sorts of attention disorders, and against the background of these minor symptoms, a voice begins to be heard inside his head more and more clearly.
The patient does not know whose voice it is. But the voice is alien, and it is heard not in the ears, but as if inside the skull. That is, the classic Kandinsky-Clerambault syndrome. The voice says strange things. At first, the patient is confused, even realizes that he is sick, asks for help and does not know what to do.
In an attempt to explain what is happening, the patient invents a plot. It may involve radioactive rays from the CIA or invisible poisonous gases from the FSB, aliens, reptilians, a syndicate of criminal hypnotists or ancient Mayan spirits.
The delirium grows stronger, acquires more details, and now the patient confidently talks about the spirits of the ancient Indians rising from the ashes. Who chose him as a guide in order to inform humanity through him of their firm decision to incinerate the earth if humanity does not immediately stop wars, pedophilia and poaching of the Baikal omul.
After some time, the cops bring a man taken into custody to the emergency room of a city mental hospital. public place for inadequate The man rushed at his interlocutors, argued, demanded attention and talked complete nonsense about Mayan spirits who had been resurrected and were trying to talk to humanity for the last time.
The nuance of the situation is that this inadequate person is not the patient, but his spouse. He just has an induced psychosis, and he expresses ideas born in someone else's sick mind. The psychiatrist's task is not easy. He must determine this and figure out what kind of nonsense he is dealing with - classic or induced.
To treat induced delirium, it will be enough to separate the spouses and completely stop their interaction. Soon the healthy spouse will recover, and the patient will begin a long and difficult course of treatment for schizophrenia.
Induced delirium in psychiatry is not so rare. The mechanism of its occurrence is simple: if people are close enough or even relatives, if the patient enjoys the respect and authority of a healthy person, then his energy of persuasion is sometimes quite enough to overshadow reality with his voice and common sense- just as the voice of illness that sounded inside his head did before.
Is it really that easy to make a person believe obvious nonsense? Alas, it couldn't be simpler. Moreover, it is possible to induce delirium not in one person, but in several.
History knows cases when the ruler of a state, suffering from paranoia or mania, induced entire nations with his delusions: the Germans fled to enslave the world, believing Hitler in the superiority of their nation, the Russians rushed to shoot their neighbors and employees, believing Stalin in the widespread dominance of foreign spies.
Induced delirium that has spread to a large crowd has a special name - mass psychosis.
There is no need to flatter yourself with the hope that humans are naturally characterized by a critical perception of reality. It is not characteristic of man. Man in his entirety is always a product of faith. The majority of citizens of any country are able to believe in anything.
The superiority of one's race over others. To justice October revolution. The need to burn at the stake young women suspected of witchcraft. The fact that the DPRK is the happiest country in the world, and all the people of the globe envy us. IN medicinal properties magnet. Into the healing power of water charged with the positive vibrations of a psychic. On a pilgrimage to the icon of Matryonushka of Moscow, healing from infertility and prostatitis.
The fact that the neighbor, mechanic Vitya, turns out to be a spy for British intelligence. And in the great proletarian justice expressed in the execution of the spy Vitya along with his wife Verochka and children. The fact that Stalin is the most humane. And that Hitler is the most humane. Contrary to logic. No evidence. Despite the contrary.
And if the need for logic arises, a person will find one suitable “fact” that will irrefutably prove that Hitler gave sweets to children, an icon actually healed an employee, water can remember music (a scientist checked!), and a UFO was once shot down by military pilots, it was shown in TV show, info 100%.
Approximately 45% of the world's population believes in God, although this number seems to me to be underestimated by half. They believe in the creation of a woman from a man's rib. And the Great Flood. Although the evidence for this is like for those Mayan spirits who threatened to destroy humanity in the name of omul.
The remaining half of humanity believes in the String Theory and the Big Bang. Although there is no more evidence here. 100% of all people in the world believe that they believe in the Real Truth, and the rest are fools, zombies and infidels.
The entire history of mankind is the history of sincere belief in yet another nonsense. Humanity suffers from induced psychoses like the flu - en masse, in crowds of millions and for many decades without remission.
Is it any wonder that some schizophrenic infected his healthy wife with a schizophrenic idea? This is absolutely normal condition for the majority of people.
Each of us lives among patients with a variety of induced deliriums (more dangerous if they are the same), and we ourselves are also sick. This is absolutely normal.
Only distant descendants will realize which of our current beliefs and everyday habits were nonsense. And they will be surprised how we believed in these ideas contrary to logic, common sense and all available statistics.
However, logic and common sense exist, and some ideas are adequate. How to figure out which ones exactly? If we assume that in a world filled with delirium, there is still an adequate perception of reality (or at least some part of it), then how and by what signs can we distinguish this from delirium and mass psychosis?
It is clear that the main criterion is the internal logic of the theory and its consistency. If suspicions arise about the presence of mass psychosis, it makes sense to abandon TV and other means of mass induction, and instead use fundamentally different sources, constantly comparing and assessing the reliability of information.
A separate useful skill is the constant comparison of theory with data from a wide variety of statistics. And not with an isolated incident that happened to an employee.
A person for whom the image of two dead children looks more convincing than all the world statistics is a potential victim of induced delirium and a ready adherent of mass hysteria to ban cyclists, balcony loggias and home canning of mushrooms.
But there is also an auxiliary criterion that allows us to assume with a good degree of probability that we are dealing with induced delusion in the form of mass psychosis: these are the statistics of its participants.
Because if we are dealing with induced delirium, then it will primarily affect those categories of people who are more prone to it than others. Even Wikipedia, with captivating frankness, lists the categories of people most susceptible to mass psychosis: hysteria, suggestibility, low intelligence. If the theory is supported by such characters among their masses, this is a good reason to suspect mass psychosis. Let's take a closer look at them.
1. Hystericality.
Hysteria and aggression are valuable diagnostic criteria. Everyone knows that aggression is resorted to when physical suppression of dissent is the last way to prove one’s point of view.
If supporters of a certain idea begin to desire punishment for their opponents on a massive (not individual) basis, most likely they are sick.
If supporters of the idea approve of deliberate atrocities (torture, executions, repressions, deportations, concentration camps, long prison sentences), justifying them with holy goals, they are definitely sick. The nonsense will end someday, and posterity will be ashamed of the era.
2. Suggestibility.
Suggestibility, superstitiousness and religiosity are similar terms, but not the same. In any case, the last thing I want to do here is to contrast religion and atheism - it’s so difficult questions, that I myself do not share either side, professing my own hybrid theory of God.
But superstitiousness in the broadest sense is a valuable diagnostic criterion, showing a willingness to accept a variety of delusional theories without requiring verification of facts.
Superstitions include a variety of beliefs, the essence of which is not confirmed by facts and experiment: fortune telling, omens, dream books, horoscopes, magic, non-professional theories of self-medication, as well as, in fact, everyday superstitions, such as the danger of black cats crossing the road.
If in a crowd of supporters of a certain idea there are many such characters, this is a clear signal that we are dealing with induced delirium. But, of course, just as clearly diagnostic criterion a crowd of believers whose behavior contradicts their own religious teachings can serve (not even talking about Christianity, any religion denies rudeness, violence, aggression, torture, executions, pogroms and persecution).
3. Low intelligence.
Intelligence, level of education and occupation are not synonymous, but they are strongly related to each other, if only just according to statistics. Therefore, if a significant part of the idea’s supporters are students and academics, this is hardly a mass psychosis.
And vice versa: if the idea is taken up mainly by workers and peasants, declaring that their enemies are the competent officer class, entrepreneurs and intelligentsia, then this a clear sign delirium (which, however, can drag on for 70 years, as the history of the USSR has shown).
And in the same way, one can assume that society has been struck by mass psychosis, when mainly employees, the unemployed, workers and public sector employees go to demonstrations, who oppose themselves to an indefinite circle of “enemies” with obviously more high level education and intelligence: creative class, entrepreneurs, musicians, artists, writers, computer scientists.
Thinking disorders.
Psychologists are good at identifying the forms of thinking disorder and the degree of its deviation from the “norm.”
We can distinguish a group of short-term or minor violations which occur in completely healthy people, and a group of thinking disorders that are pronounced and painful.
Speaking about the second, we are attracted to the classification created by B.V. Zeigarnik and used in domestic psychology:
1. Violations of the operational side of thinking:
❖ reducing the level of generalization;
❖ distortion of the level of generalization.
2. Violation of personal and motivational component thinking: ❖ diversity of thinking;
❖ reasoning.
3. Disturbances in the dynamics of mental activity:
❖ lability of thinking, or “jump of ideas”; inertia of thinking, or “viscosity” of thinking; inconsistency of judgment;
❖ responsiveness.
4. Dysregulation of mental activity:
impaired critical thinking;
❖ violation of the regulatory function of thinking;
❖ fragmented thinking.
Let us briefly explain the features of these disorders.
Violations of the operational side of thinking appear as reduction in the level of generalization, when it is difficult to identify common features of objects.
In judgments, direct ideas about objects predominate, between which only specific connections are established. It becomes almost impossible to classify, find the leading property, and highlight the general; a person does not grasp the figurative meaning of proverbs, and cannot arrange pictures in a logical sequence. Mental retardation is characterized by similar manifestations; with dementia (advancing senile dementia), a person who was previously mentally competent also exhibits similar impairments and the level of generalization decreases. But there is also a difference: mentally retarded people, albeit very slowly, are able to form new concepts and skills, so they are teachable. Dementia patients, although they have remnants of previous generalizations, are unable to assimilate new material, cannot use their previous experience, they cannot be trained.
Distortion of the generalization process manifests itself in the fact that in his judgments a person reflects only the random side of phenomena, and essential relations between subjects are not taken into account. At the same time, such people may be overly guided common features, rely on inadequate relationships between objects. Thus, a patient who is characterized by such thinking disorders classifies a mushroom, a horse, and a pencil into one group according to the “principle of connection between the organic and the inorganic.” Or he combines “beetle” and “shovel,” explaining: “They dig the earth with a shovel, and the beetle also digs in the earth.” He can combine “a watch and a bicycle,” believing: “Both measure: a watch measures time, and a bicycle measures space when riding it.” Similar thinking disorders are found in patients with schizophrenia and psychopaths.
Violation of the dynamics of thinking manifests itself in different ways.
Lability of thinking, or “leap of ideas”, is characteristic of that person who, without having time to finish one thought, moves on to another. Each new impression changes the direction of his thoughts, he talks continuously, laughs without any connection, he is distinguished by the chaotic nature of associations, a violation of the logical flow of thinking.
Inertia, or “viscosity of thinking” - This is a disorder when people cannot change the way they work, judge, and are not able to switch from one type of activity to another. Such disorders often occur in patients with epilepsy and as a long-term consequence of previous severe injuries brain IN extreme cases a person cannot cope with even a basic task if it requires switching. Therefore, a violation of the dynamics of mental activity leads to a decrease in the level of generalization: a person is not able to classify even at a specific level, since each picture acts as a single copy for him, and he is not able to switch to another picture, compare them with each other, etc.
Inconsistency of judgment noted when the adequate nature of judgments is unstable, i.e. the right ways performance of mental actions alternates with erroneous ones. With fatigue and mood swings, this also occurs in completely healthy people. Such fluctuations in correct and incorrect ways of performing the same mental action occur in 80% of people with vascular diseases of the brain, in 68% of patients who have suffered a brain injury, in 66% of patients with manic psychosis. The fluctuations were not caused by the complexity of the material - they also appeared on the simplest tasks, i.e., they indicated instability of mental activity.
"Responsiveness"- this is the instability of the way of performing actions, manifested in an excessive form when correct actions alternate with the absurd, but the person does not notice it. Responsiveness manifests itself in an unexpected response to various random environmental stimuli that are not addressed to the person. As a result of this, the normal thought process becomes impossible: any stimulus changes the direction of thoughts and actions, the person either reacts correctly, or his behavior is frankly ridiculous, he does not understand where he is, how old he is, etc. The responsiveness of patients is a consequence of decreased cortical activity brain It destroys the purposefulness of mental activity. Such disorders occur in patients with severe vascular diseases brain, with hypertension.
"Slipping" consists in the fact that a person, reasoning about any object, suddenly gets lost in the correct train of thought after a false, inadequate association, and then is again able to reason correctly, without repeating the mistake made, but also without correcting it.
Thinking is associated with the needs, aspirations, goals, and feelings of people, therefore, violations of its motivational and personal components are noted.
Diversity of thinking- this is a disorder when judgments about any phenomenon are on different planes. Moreover, they are inconsistent, occurring on different levels generalizations, i.e. from time to time a person cannot reason correctly, his actions cease to be purposeful, he loses his original goal and cannot complete even a simple task. Such disturbances occur in schizophrenia, when thinking “seems to flow along different channels at the same time,” bypassing the essence of the problem under consideration, having no goal and switching to an emotional, subjective attitude. It is precisely because of the diversity of thinking and emotional richness that ordinary objects begin to act as symbols. For example, a patient suffering from delusions of self-blame, having received a cookie, comes to the conclusion that today he will be burned in the oven (the cookie for him is a symbol of the oven where he will be burned). Such absurd reasoning is possible because, due to emotional preoccupation and diversity of thinking, a person views any objects in inadequate, distorted aspects.
Reasoning- verbose, fruitless reasoning that appears as a result of increased affectivity, inadequate attitude, the desire to bring any phenomenon under some concept, and the intellect and cognitive processes of a person in this case are not impaired. Reasoning is often characterized as the tendency “to make large generalizations in relation to small object judgments and to the formation of value judgments” (B.V. Zeigarnik).
Violation of the regulatory function of thinking appears quite often even in completely healthy people. With strong emotions, affects, feelings, a person’s judgments become erroneous and inadequately reflect reality, or his thoughts may remain correct, but cease to regulate behavior, inappropriate actions, absurd actions arise, and sometimes he becomes “insane.” “For feelings to prevail over reason, the mind must be weak” (P. B. Gannushkin). Under the influence of strong affect, passion, despair, or in a particularly acute situation, healthy people may experience a state close to “confused.”
Impaired critical thinking. This is the inability to act thoughtfully, check and correct one’s actions in accordance with objective conditions, ignoring not only partial errors, but even the absurdity of one’s actions and judgments. Bugs can disappear if someone forces this person check his actions, although he more often reacts differently: “And that’ll do.” Lack of self-control leads to these disorders, from which the person himself suffers, i.e. his actions are not regulated by thinking and are not subordinated to personal goals. Both actions and thinking lack purposefulness. Impaired criticality is usually associated with damage frontal lobes brain I. P. Pavlov wrote: “The strength of the mind is much more measured by a correct assessment of reality than by the mass of school knowledge, which you can collect as much as you like, but this is the mind of a lower order. A much more accurate measure of intelligence is the correct attitude to reality, the correct orientation, when a person understands his goals, anticipates the result of his activities, controlling himself.”
"Disconnected thinking" happens when a person can pronounce monologues for hours, although other people are present nearby. At the same time, there is no connection between the individual elements of statements, there is no meaningful thought, only an unintelligible stream of words. Speech in this case is not an instrument of thought or a means of communication, it does not regulate the behavior of the person himself, but acts as an automatic manifestation of the mechanisms of speech.
At euphoria, passion(for some people in the initial phase of intoxication) an extraordinary acceleration of the thought process occurs, one thought seems to “jump” onto another. Continuously arising judgments, becoming more and more superficial, fill our consciousness and pour out in whole streams onto those around us.
An involuntary, continuous and uncontrollable stream of thoughts is called mentalism. Opposite thought disorder - Sperrung,T. e. a break in the thought process. Both of these types occur almost exclusively in schizophrenia.
Unjustified “thoroughness of thinking”- this is the case when it becomes, as it were, viscous, inactive, and the ability to highlight the main, essential is usually lost. When talking about something, people suffering from such a disorder diligently, endlessly describe all sorts of little things, details, details that have no meaning.
Emotional and excitable people sometimes try to unite the incomparable: completely different circumstances and phenomena, contradictory ideas and positions. They allow the substitution of some concepts for others. This kind of “subjective” thinking is called paralogical.
The habit of making stereotyped decisions and conclusions can lead to the inability to independently find a way out of unexpected situations and make original decisions, i.e. to what is called in psychology functional rigidity of thinking. This feature is associated with its excessive dependence on accumulated experience, whose limitations and repetition then lead to stereotypes.
A child or an adult dreams, imagining himself as a hero, an inventor, a great man, etc. An imaginary fantasy world, reflecting the deep processes of our psyche, becomes a determining factor in thinking for some people. In this case we can talk about autistic thinking. Autism means so much deep dive into the world of their personal experiences, that interest in reality disappears, contacts with it are lost and weakened, the desire to communicate with others becomes irrelevant.
Extreme degree of thought disorder - rave, or "intellectual monomania". Thoughts, ideas, reasoning that do not correspond to reality and clearly contradict it are considered delusional. So, normal reasoners and thinking people suddenly they begin to express ideas that are very strange from the point of view of others, and it is impossible to convince them. Some, without medical education, invent a “new” method of treating, for example, cancer, and devote all their strength to the struggle for the “implementation” of their brilliant discovery (“delirium of invention”). Others are developing projects to improve the social order and are ready to do anything to fight for the happiness of mankind (“nonsense of reformism”). Still others are absorbed in everyday problems: they either “establish” around the clock the fact of their spouse’s infidelity, of which, however, they are already obviously convinced (“delirium of jealousy”), or, confident that everyone is in love with them, they persistently pester others with loving explanations ( "erotic delirium"). The most common is “delusion of persecution”: a person is allegedly treated poorly in the service, they give him the most difficult job, they mock him, threaten him, and begin to persecute him.
The intellectual quality and degree of “persuasion” of delusional ideas depend on the thinking capabilities of the one who is “captured” by them. Finding them is far from easy, and not always possible. Therefore, delusional interpretations and positions can easily “infect” others, and in the hands of fanatical or paranoid individuals they turn out to be a formidable social weapon.
Rave(lat. Delirium) - a set of ideas and ideas, conclusions that did not arise from information received from the outside world and is not corrected by incoming new information (it does not matter whether the delusional conclusion corresponds to reality or not), component productive symptoms for schizophrenia and other psychoses.
Within medicine, delirium belongs to the field of psychiatry.
It is fundamentally important that delirium, being a disorder of thinking, that is, the psyche, is also a symptom of a disease of the human brain. Treatment of delirium, according to ideas modern medicine, is possible only by biological methods, that is, mainly drugs (for example, antipsychotics).
Delirium is distinguished from Kandinsky-Clerambault syndrome (mental automatism syndrome), in which thinking disorders are combined with pathology of perception and ideomotor skills.
Often in everyday life mental disorders (hallucinations, confusion) that sometimes occur in somatic patients with elevated temperature body (for example, in case of infectious diseases).
Acute delirium
If delirium completely takes over consciousness, then this state is called acute delirium. Sometimes the patient is able to adequately analyze the surrounding reality, if this does not concern the topic of delirium. Such nonsense is called encapsulated.
As a productive psychotic symptomatology, delusions are a symptom of many brain diseases, but they are especially characteristic of schizophrenia.
[edit] Interpretive (Primary, Primordial, Verbal)
At interpretive delirium The primary defeat of thinking is the defeat of rational, logical cognition, the distorted judgment is consistently supported by a number of subjective evidence that has its own system. This type of delirium is persistent and has a tendency to progress and systematization: “evidence” is put together into a subjectively coherent system (at the same time, everything that does not fit into this system is simply ignored), more and more parts of the world are drawn into the delusional system.
[edit] Hallucinatory (Secondary, Sensual, Explanations)
Hallucinatory delusion arising from impaired perception. This is figurative delirium, with a predominance of illusions and hallucinations. Ideas with it are fragmentary, inconsistent - the primary violation sensory knowledge(perception). Disruption of thinking occurs secondarily, there is a delusional interpretation of hallucinations, a lack of conclusions, which are realized in the form of insights - bright and emotionally rich insights. Another reason for the development of secondary delirium may be affective disorders. A manic state causes delusions of grandeur, and depression is the root cause of ideas of self-deprecation. Elimination of secondary delirium can be achieved mainly by treating the underlying disease or symptom complex.
[edit] Delusional syndromes
Currently, in Russian psychiatry it is customary to distinguish three main delusional syndromes:
- paranoid syndrome
- paranoid syndrome
- paraphrenic syndrome.
Close to delusional syndrome are mental automatism and hallucinatory syndrome, which is often included as a component of delusional syndromes (the so-called hallucinatory-paranoid syndrome).
Delirium, by definition, is a system of false judgments and conclusions. Current criteria for delirium include:
- occurrence on a “painful” basis, that is, delirium, is a manifestation of the disease
- redundancy in relation to objective reality
- no correction
- going beyond the existing socio-cultural characteristics of a given society
[edit] Subject (plot) of nonsense
The plot of delirium, as a rule (in cases of interpretive delirium), is not actually a sign of the disease and depends on the socio-psychological, as well as cultural and political factors within which the patient is located. However, in psychiatry there are several groups delusional states, united by a common plot. These include:
- delusions of persecution (persecutory delusions)
- nonsense relationship- it seems to the patient that the entire surrounding reality is directly related to him, that the behavior of other people is determined by their special treatment to him
- nonsense of reformism
- delirium of love (Clerambault syndrome)- almost always in female patients: the patient is convinced that he (she) loves him a famous person, or that everyone who meets him (her) falls in love with him (her)
- religious nonsense
- antagonistic delusion(including Manichaean nonsense)
- delirium of litigiousness (querulantism)- the patient fights to restore “trampled justice”: complaints, courts, letters to management
- delirium of jealousy- belief in treason sexual partner
- delusion of origin- the patient believes that his real parents are high-ranking people, or that he comes from an ancient noble family, another nation, etc.
- delirium of damage- the belief that the patient’s property is being damaged or stolen by some people (usually people with whom the patient communicates in everyday life)
- delirium of poisoning- the belief that someone wants to poison the patient
- nihilistic delirium(typical for MDP) - false feeling that he himself, others or the world do not exist or the end of the world is coming
- hypochondriacal delirium- convincing the patient that he has some kind of disease (usually serious)
- so-called anorexia nervosa in most cases it is also a delusional construction.
- delirium of staging (intermetamorphoses)- the patient’s belief that everything around him is specially arranged, scenes of some kind of play are being played out, or an experiment is being conducted, everything constantly changes its meaning: for example, this is not a hospital, but in fact the prosecutor’s office; the doctor is actually an investigator; patients and medical staff are security officers disguised in order to expose the patient.
Induced (“induced”) delirium
In psychiatric practice, induced (from Lat. induce- “induce”) delusion, in which delusional experiences are, as it were, borrowed from the patient in close contact with him and in the absence of a critical attitude towards the disease. A kind of “infection” with delirium occurs: the induced person begins to express the same crazy ideas and in the same form as the mentally ill inductor (dominant person). Usually, delusions are induced by those people from the patient’s environment who communicate especially closely with him and are connected by family relationships.
Psychotic illness in a dominant person is most often schizophrenic, but not always. The initial delusions in the dominant person and the induced delusions are usually chronic in nature and are based on delusions of persecution, grandeur, or religious delusions. Typically, the group involved is closely connected and isolated from others by language, culture, or geography. A person inducing delusions is most often dependent or subordinate to a partner with true psychosis.
The diagnosis of induced delusional disorder can be made if:
- one or two people share the same delusion or delusional system and support each other in this belief;
- they have an unusually close relationship;
- there is evidence that the delusion was induced in the passive member of the couple or group through contact with the active partner.
Induced hallucinations are rare, but do not exclude the diagnosis of induced delusions.
Recently, on various Internet resources, articles and interviews with various specialists about one interesting disease, which occupies a special place among a large number of mental disorders - induced psychosis, are increasingly found. What is it?
Induced delirium, known in French literature since the end of the 19th century under the name “madness for two,” does not lose popularity these days. Induced psychosis or delusion is special shape psychosis, in which an involuntary and forced reproduction by a person of other people’s overvalued ideas occurs.
Those affected by induced psychosis, without any criticism, adopt the beliefs of the patient (paranoid, psychopath) with whom they live or closely communicate. Most often, induced psychosis occurs in old married couples, among parents and children, brothers and sisters, especially if they live in conditions of social isolation. Induced delirium can also take on a mass character.
For example, let’s imagine a family - a single mother and an adult son who did not have time to start his own family. Mom genetic predisposition to schizophrenia, with the onset of menopause, the symptoms of this disease begin to persistently manifest themselves, and an extraneous voice begins to be heard inside her head every day more and more clearly. She doesn’t know whose voice it is, at first it scares her, she even realizes that she is sick, she is confused and doesn’t know what to do.
But the voice inside your head is so convincing that it defeats any common sense and logic. And then, in an attempt to explain what is happening, she comes up with her own plot, that the voice is nothing more than a message from aliens, and she is the “chosen one” who was entrusted with extremely valuable information for all humanity.
In psychiatry, this phenomenon is called “crystallization of delirium.” Over time, the delirium grows stronger and acquires details, rituals and habits. Gradually becomes involved in a delusional idea close person- a son who, after some time, proudly announces to humanity the construction of “saving” underground tunnels in the nearest forest belt. Neighbors, acquaintances, acquaintances of acquaintances are “infected” with the idea. And now, underground, several dozen people are already waiting for the imminent end of the world. This is how, unnoticed by everyone, induced psychosis turns into mass psychosis.
Is it really so easy to make a person or a group of people believe in obvious nonsense? Unfortunately, it couldn't be easier. If a sick person enjoys the authority and respect of others, then his ideas are automatically accepted as truth without any critical evaluation. History knows many examples of clouding of reason among entire nations. Seized by the delusional idea of their leader, people stricken by mass hysteria committed such atrocities that they still cannot comprehend.
Today, as then, each of us lives surrounded by delusional ideas. One delirium gives way to another, old delirium is replaced by a new one. People invent new objects for faith and blindly worship them. Phenomena that were once considered perversions are now accepted by society as a variant of the norm, and old truths, proven over the years, are mercilessly devalued. Today, the media play a huge role in “infecting” the population with induced delirium - this includes television, the Internet, and printed materials, which, willy-nilly, end up in our mailboxes. We have long been accustomed to trusting television and often perceive any information brought to us automatically, bypassing our “inner critic.” As a result, we don’t notice how we begin to accept someone else’s opinion as our own, buying what we were advised by respected television experts.
What to do? How not to drown in the huge flow of information surrounding us? How to avoid becoming a victim of induced delirium and mass psychosis, and maintain logic and an adequate perception of reality?
First, you need to know whether you belong to the category of people who are at risk for induced psychosis or mass hysteria.
Personality characteristics influencing susceptibility to induced psychosis
1. Hysteria
Excessive emotionality, self-dramatization, theatrical behavior, inadequate seductiveness, provocative behavior, superficial judgment, susceptibility to the influence of others. If it is difficult for you to remember when and for what reason you last threw a scandal or hysteria, then you can rest easy, this point has nothing to do with you.
2. Suggestibility
Man by nature is quite suggestible, as evidenced by the experience of Soviet psychotherapists who tested the suggestibility of residents of Leningrad back in 1966. A psychotherapist speaking on television at the time pronounced a suggestion formula from the screen - “knit your hands together” (suggestibility test), but after it was canceled (counter-suggestion), many who watched this session were unable to do this. As a result, television received a flurry of calls from different parts of the city asking them to come and “unclasp” their hands. If you have previously attended hypnosis sessions, then you probably already know whether you are suggestible or not. If not, remember how emotionally you react to hurtful words or curses addressed to you. Are you worried for a long time? Then, most likely, you are quite suggestible.
3. Superstition
Superstition is like a litmus test, showing a person’s willingness to believe in a wide variety of crazy ideas, without requiring any evidence or verification of facts. If you are inclined to believe various fortune-telling, omens, magic spells and other speculations not confirmed by facts are worth thinking about.
4. Fanatical religiosity
An important diagnostic signal can be a crowd of believers whose behavior contradicts their own religious teachings (any religion condemns violence and aggression, torture and executions, terrorist attacks and persecution).
5. Low intelligence
An intellectually undeveloped, uninterested individual is easier to mislead than an erudite and intellectually savvy person.
If in a crowd of supporters of a certain idea there are characters with the above characteristics, this is a clear signal that, most likely, we have people “infected” with induced delirium or mass psychosis. Well, if you find yourself in a risk group, then in order not to fall for the “induced hook”, you should be more attentive to yourself, your lifestyle and your circle of friends.
Treatment of induced psychosis
To treat induced delirium in people who are closely related, it is enough to completely stop communication between them. Soon after it healthy man should get better, and the patient with true delirium will be shown long-term therapy his underlying illness is schizophrenia. If you suspect the presence of mass psychosis, you need to temporarily stop watching your usual TV channels, news, various talk shows, and thematic programs.
To ensure the reliability of the information received, you need to use various sources of information - various printed publications, Internet resources, radio, pay attention to world statistics, and also not neglect the opinion of real experts, and not home-grown charlatans.
Induced psychosis Mainly delusional psychosis, usually chronic and often mild, developing as a result of a close or dependent relationship with another person who is already suffering from a similar psychosis. Mental illness the dominant subject is most often paranoid. Painful ideas are induced in the other person and disappear when the couple is separated. Crazy ideas, at least partly, are common to both. Sometimes induced delusions develop in more than one person. Synonyms:
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(Not recommended);
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Brief explanatory psychological and psychiatric dictionary. Ed. igisheva. 2008.
Induced psychosis Etymology.
Comes from Lat. inducere - to introduce and Greek. psyche - soul.
Category.A form of psychosis.
Specificity.Initially, an involuntary and imposed reproduction by an individual of those highly valuable ideas that belong to another person with whom this individual communicates closely. The delusional content of these ideas then develops in parallel. In most cases we are talking about more or less limited deviations from the norm in induced individuals. They, without criticism, adopt the beliefs of the patient, most often the paranoid or the querulant. Most often - ideas of persecution, external control, beliefs in a higher origin. Sometimes those induced unite in groups, carrying out appropriate joint activities (monitoring food for fear of poisoning, strengthening the home for delusions of persecution, religious vigils, etc.). When there is a break with the source of induction, psychotic manifestations disappear. The reason is suggestion and the desire to imitate.
In 40% of cases it occurs in parents and children, among brothers and sisters, in old married couples, especially with social isolation. Mass inductions in social groups are also possible. The first detailed message on this topic was made in French literature in 1883 (E.Ch.Laseque) under the name madness for two. The term induced insanity itself was proposed by G. Lehmann in 1883. This problem was widely discussed in Russian psychiatric circles at the end of the last century. The impetus for these discussions was the articles of G. Tarde and N.K. Mikhailovsky (“Hero and”, 1896). This problem was dealt with by V.I. Yakovenko, V.H. Kandinsky, A.A. Tokarsky, S.S. Korsakov, V.M. Bekhterev. Literature.
V.I. Yakovenko, Induced insanity (folie a deux) as one of the types of pathological imitation. St. Petersburg, 1887;
Rokhlin L.L. On the history of relations between Russian psychiatry and social psychology// Psychological journal. 1981, No. 3, p. 150-156
Psychological Dictionary. THEM. Kondakov. 2000.
See what “Induced psychosis” is in other dictionaries:
Induced Psychosis- (from Latin inducere to introduce and Greek psyche soul) a form of psychosis. Initially, an involuntary and imposed reproduction by an individual of those highly valuable ideas that possess another person, with... Psychological Dictionary
Psychosis induced- (Latin inductio - excitement, induction) - a psychotic state caused by the influence of a psychiatric patient (inductor) on a person not suffering mental disorder, but characterized by increased susceptibility to this kind of influence...
Symbiontic psychosis- (Greek sym – together, simultaneously; biosis – life) – term Ch. Scharfetter 1970), denotes induced psychosis, in which the inducer is a psychiatric patient (usually suffering from schizophrenia), and the recipient(s) is a healthy individual... ... encyclopedic Dictionary in psychology and pedagogy
symbiotic psychosis- (obsolete; symbiosis) see Psychosis induced ... Large medical dictionary
collective psychosis- (syn. mental epidemic) induced P., usually of a hysterical nature, occurring almost simultaneously in many people; observed during the performance of some cult rituals... Large medical dictionary
psychosis induced- (r. inducta; lat. induce induce; syn.: induced insanity obsolete, P. symbiotic obsolete) P. that arose in a person (healthy or sick) who had long-term contact with a mentally ill person, and is similar in manifestations to P. this patient... Large medical dictionary Wikipedia
Induced insanity- I Induced insanity (lat. inducere induce; synonym: induced psychosis, induced delirium, insanity together) is a type of psychogenic disease in which delusional ideas of a mentally ill person (inducer) ... ... Medical encyclopedia
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