During the technology lesson, the classes are divided into two groups: boys and girls. This happens for obvious reasons. Technology lessons teach children manual labor, which will be useful to them in later life. The work differs significantly from the work of boys. So as not to mix the two different areas activities, classes are divided into subgroups.
Lessons take place in various classrooms. Each group has its own teacher. As a rule, the teacher for boys is a man, and for girls it is a woman.
Technology for girls
Home economics is usually called technology lessons, dating back to Soviet times. The subject got its name because of what it teaches. The task of home economics is considered to be to help girls learn knowledge and practical skills that will be useful in the household and in everyday life, as well as to develop in children independence and many other qualities that every woman needs to possess.
The home economics program includes several sections: housekeeping, cutting and sewing, cooking, clothing care. The entire program is designed for seven years: starting from and ending with 11. Classes are held once a week and last 1 hour.
In the first half of the 5th grade, girls get acquainted with the structure of a sewing machine, make patterns and try to sew simple things on their own. Every year the difficulty increases. Cutting and sewing in each class ranges from 23 to 58 hours.
Starting from the second half of each school year, girls are taught to prepare food. First, there is an introduction to kitchen equipment, as well as utensils. Every year the program becomes more complex and teaches you how to cook dishes of varying complexity: from vegetable sandwiches to the simplest fish and meat dishes. A mandatory component of each lesson is a theoretical part, during which the teacher introduces students to safety precautions and also demonstrates products.
Technology for boys
Technology lessons for boys and girls are radically different. Starting from the 5th grade, boys are raised to be real men who will be jacks of all trades.
From 5 to 5 boys are taught to work with various materials and tools. Initially, they are introduced to the materials in principle. They explain the properties of wood and metals, and also show what tools they are processed with.
Starting from , under the guidance of the teacher, boys begin to work independently with materials. Initially, an acquaintance with the tree occurs. On practical exercises The teacher teaches how to make stools, and also teaches the techniques that are best used when working with wood.
By the end of 11th grade, boys can independently make a wooden plane, turn some toys on a special machine, and also perform decorative wood carvings. They have the skills to process materials and work with them.
Technology lessons in Moscow schools are evolving. Homemade stools are being replaced by hand-made robots, and familiar aprons are giving way to fashionable dresses..
The discipline “work” accompanies students almost all the time. school life: from first to eighth-ninth grades. IN primary school children sculpt from plasticine, make origami and appliqués. From the fifth grade, “work” turns into “technology,” which is aimed not so much at handicrafts, but at mastering advanced skills of modern life.
As a rule, in high school boys and girls are trained separately: some are trained to become jacks of all trades, others to become exemplary housewives. But there are also exceptions. In some schools, technology is taught to the whole class. For example, at school No. 1601, young representatives of the stronger sex learn to cook and embroider together with the fair half of the population.
There are also educational establishments, where computer science teachers teach boys how to work, considering the basics of programming to be the job of real guys. Regardless curriculum, such activities adapt children to real life, where the DIY approach is still important.
Expert opinion
“It’s not about what exactly we study in technology lessons, but about why it is done. A technology lesson is an experiment that we do with our own hands. Even a stool can be made tastefully if you know that it is a useful skill.”Deputy Head of the Moscow Department of Education Viktor Fertman
Technology of the 21st century: what has changed
Today, according to the requirements of the state educational standard, children in technology lessons should be taught how to navigate modern medicine, production and processing of various materials, mechanical engineering, food products and services, as well as in the information environment.
Recently, a member of the Public Chamber of Russia taught the fundamentals of agriculture as part of the discipline.
At the same time, schools and teachers are free to choose the program. Deputy head of the Moscow Department of Education Viktor Fertman explained to the site that now educational institutions keep up with the times: in technology lessons, children study robotics and design, gain knowledge from the fields of physics, drawing and computer science. In some schools, children are taught to make devices for people with disabilities. disabilities or cases for mobile phones.
Work by a student from school No. 1021. Photo courtesy of the author
"Exists syllabus, while teachers have a certain degree of creative freedom: you can add something of your own...
IN last years schools now have the opportunity to do design work, make presentations and open lessons. The interactive form of communication motivates students and makes classes even more interesting.
Expert opinion
“Children used to write essays, now in technology lessons, schoolchildren can immerse themselves in the study of a particular topic more deeply. For example, if a student chose “knitting”, she will not just knit or crochet a scarf. To complete the task thoroughly, the student will study the history of this type handicrafts and collect necessary materials, and then demonstrate his work to the whole class during a presentation or performance."Teachers began to use a creative approach more often. Technology teacher at school No. 1021 Alexander Smetov told the site that their institution plans to purchase special kits for creating robots. According to the teacher, robotics is interesting for children of any age.
Now technology classes look like full-fledged workshops. At school No. 1021, they are equipped with multifunctional machines, including models that children from eight years old are allowed to access. On one such machine you can perform many actions: sawing, drilling or doing the work of a lathe.
Interesting and tasty: young housewives
Cooking, sewing and handicrafts are the three pillars of the technology program for girls. A striking example School No. 1415 will provide creative education for young ladies.
There, schoolgirls cook hamburgers instead of boring vinaigrette, learn how to make decorative elements for dishes and invent own recipes salads And during sewing classes, they organize real fashion shows, dressing their classmates in stylish dresses they have sewn with their own hands.
Expert opinion
“During technology lessons, it is very important to interest children, only then will they want to come to class. Once upon a time, during labor lessons, we simply drew a diagram of an apron. Today, children do not just draw sketches, but carry out creative tasks. For example, making a mannequin out of paper and dressing him in a costume he created with his own hands. Such activities motivate the child."Technology teacher at school No. 1415 Irina Smirnova
Technology lessons are now aimed not only at teaching the work of a housewife. The girls also do hair projects, learn how to count calories correctly, and master psychological tests. In addition, the school has a museum where tools and various household appliances from the 15th–17th centuries are collected. For example, students can see how fabric was created many years ago.
By the way, projects made by schoolchildren are submitted to various competitions. This year, during technology lessons, children made huge appliqués in the form of the coats of arms of the North-East Administrative District, which they sewed onto dresses using a sewing machine. Their works won the district competition. In the next academic year, the school plans to create a handmade panel on the theme “Streets of Moscow”. Teachers of technology, geography and literature are going to participate in the project.
To the machine: a factory of real men
Handmade wooden box made during technology class. Photo courtesy of the author.
When it comes to teaching young people, teachers differ in their opinions. Some people prefer information technology, and some handmade. Wood and metal processing are still included in the “technological kit” of young gentlemen.
Technology teacher at school No. 1021 Alexander Smetov believes that working with your hands ennobles a person and makes a real man out of a teenager. The teacher himself has the badge of “Excellence in Military Construction” and is not just a technology teacher, but the first man in the entire history of school No. 1021 to take charge of the classroom.
Expert opinion
“Sometimes it just hurts me to look at how children can’t tear themselves away from their phones and sit still. I just want to say that it would be better if they learned some kind of craft or went in for sports. The main thing in technology lessons is to get the kids interested in something for real useful. When students realize the benefits of what they do, they strive for knowledge and want to make more and more."Technology teacher at school No. 1021 Alexander Smetov
During labor lessons, children do decorative works made of wood using carving, burning and painting techniques. Schoolchildren are also taught to work with plywood and paper. Many of the works of students from school No. 1021 won the inter-district competition of fine and decorative arts “Crafts Pantry - 2016”.
However, the boys’ works have more than just aesthetic value. According to Smetov, his students know how to make a beautiful birdhouse, hammer or nut own production. While the fifth-graders are mastering the machines, the older kids are being taught how to build a house.
Margarita Maslova
Lesson prepared by teacher primary classes: Naydenova N.L.
Labor lesson: 3 "B" class
Subject : "Pincushion"
Lesson objectives:
Educational goals:
- Formation of knowledge and skills in students regarding the processing of needle cushions.
2. Help memorize basic terminology.
3. Formation of ideas about creative work.
4. Promote understanding of the quality of the finished product.
Corrective and developmental goals:
1. Correction and development of communication oral speech students (enrichment and complication of vocabulary).
2. Correction and development mental activity(establishment of logical and cause-and-effect relationships, planning function of thinking).
3. Correction and development of fine motor skills of the hands (formation of manual skill, development of rhythm, smoothness of movements, proportionality of movements).
4. Correction and development of the sensory sphere of students (development of the eye, orientation in space, accuracy and subtlety of distinguishing colors and shapes).
5. Correction and development of students’ personal qualities, emotional-volitional sphere (self-control skills, perseverance and endurance).
Educational goals:
1. Cultivate interest in learning and the subject.
2. Cultivate interest in folk art.
3. Cultivate moral qualities (careful attitude towards school property, hard work, mutual assistance).
Methodological equipment of the lesson:
1. Material and technical base:
Tools : needle, scissors; thimble
Materials : pad detailand for needles, threads, braid, padding polyester
Didactic support:
Instruction cards;
Sample pincushion;
Teaching methods:
Verbal (conversation, explanations);
Visual (showing objects of labor, work methods,
Practical (independent practical work students).
Forms of organization cognitive activity students: frontal.
Vocabulary work:pincushion, pincushion, braid, padding polyester, forward stitch.
Lesson type: combined
Interdisciplinary connections:mathematics, Russian language
During the classes
p/p no. | Stages | During the classes | Note |
Organizing time Updating students' knowledge. Subject message. Setting a goal. Consolidating student knowledge Final teacher briefing Physical education minute Practical work Execution Analysis independent work students Cleaning workplaces. Teacher summing up the lesson | Hello guys! Today we have a difficult lesson. Guests came to our lesson. Let's turn to them and greet them, to Checking students' readiness for the lesson; Getting students in the mood for work. In the last lesson, we already started talking and making a needle case. Pincushions can vary in shape and type of finish. Teacher Questions: What are the items presented for? - (for storing needles and pins) What are these items called? - (needle beds) (Open the word “pincushion” on the board) As you can see, the pincushions have different shape and size Which pincushion do you think is the most convenient for working in the classroom? - (pad) The topic of our lesson "NEEDLE COUCH" Before we begin the final work of making the pad, we will determine a work plan In the last lesson we started making a pillow. It's half ready already. What shape will our pincushion be? - (square). We will stuff the pillow with cotton wool or synthetic padding. (Open words on the board"cotton wool", "sintepon") When sewing products, sewing threads are used. Tools and accessories What tools and devices will we choose for the job? Listen to the riddle: On one finger (thimble) What is a thimble for? Next riddle. We can do a lot: Cut, cut and cut. Don't play with us, children: We can punish you painfully! (scissors) Before you start working with scissors, you need to remember « Rules for safe work" 3. Transfer to closed and rings forward; 4.Work at your workplace; Guess what it is?: Steel maiden Needle – a pointed rod for sewing with an eyelet at the end. Before you work, you need to remember the safety rules. 1. Store pins and needles in a certain place (cushion, special box, etc.), do not leave them at the workplace. The pillow will be decorated - braid - On your table there is a card with the stage of making the pillow. By following the technological sequence, you will get a beautiful product, a pin cushion. 1.Fill the pad with synthetic padding. 2.Sew up the hole. 3. Decorate the pillow with braid. So, we will need... It is necessary to remember the safety rules when working with them and the sequence of manufacturing the product. Let's start working The attendant conducts a physical education session, demonstrating exercises. All the guys turned around All the guys reached out And then they sat down And they sat down quietly at the desk. (To students, cat Those who have already completed the work, I give the task to continue the proverbs that talk about the importance of work.)
Teacher's message about achieving lesson goals; Assessing the results of students’ work in the classroom; Making marks in the class journal and student diaries. | Demonstration various types pincushion pincushion topic on the board "Pincushion" The words are displayed: Sintepon, cotton wool sewing threads thimble scissors "Safe work rules" on the board Word on the board needle On the desk Safety precautions when working with a needle On the desk Braid Technological map (lying on the desk) Supplies on the board |
Technological map for manufacturing needle cushions 3.. Sew up the hole. | Technological map for manufacturing needle cushions 1. Decorate the pillow with braid. 2. Fill the pad with padding polyester. 3.. Sew up the hole. |
Technological map for manufacturing needle cushions 1. Decorate the pillow with braid. 2. Fill the pad with padding polyester. 3.. Sew up the hole. | Technological map for manufacturing needle cushions 1. Decorate the pillow with braid. 2. Fill the pad with padding polyester. 3.. Sew up the hole. |
Technological map for manufacturing needle cushions 1. Decorate the pillow with braid. 2. Fill the pad with padding polyester. 3.. Sew up the hole. | Technological map for manufacturing needle cushions 1. Decorate the pillow with braid. 2. Fill the pad with padding polyester. 3.. Sew up the hole. |
Technological map for manufacturing needle cushions
1. Decorate the pillow with braid.
2. Fill the pad with padding polyester.
3. Sew up the hole.
Safety precautions when working with a needle
1. Store pins and needles in a certain place (cushion, special box, etc.), do not leave them at the workplace.
2.Do not use rusty needles and pins when working, as they break easily.
3. Do not put needles or pins in your mouth under any circumstances.
4.During work, do not stick needles into clothing or random objects.
5.Sew with needles only with a thimble to avoid pricking your finger.
6.Do not bite off the threads with your teeth, but cut them off with scissors.
Safety precautions when working with scissors:
1. When cutting with scissors, you should point them with the ends away from you;
2.Do not hold the scissors with the ends up;
3. Serve closed and in ringsforward; 4.Work at your workplace;
5.Do not leave it open.
Preview:
Scenario for the performance of the “Green Light” team
Children take the stage to the tune of “It’s Fun to Walk Together”
Student 1: Hello!
2 lessons .: Welcome to the 3rd "B" class team
In chorus: "Green Light"
3 lessons - Our motto:
In chorus:
"Our green light"
Friend, faithful assistant,
Make the path safe
He will definitely be able to!”
1 lesson The traffic light is the most important road sign. He was born in London in 1868. Translated from Greek language The word traffic light means “carrying light.”
2 lessons To help you
The path is dangerous
We burn both day and night -
Green, yellow, red.
3 lessons . Our house is a traffic light,
We are three siblings
We've been shining for a long time
On the road to all the guys.
2 lessons You are crossing the street-
Stop for a moment.
Stay quiet and calm
Wait for my signals.
1 lesson
Brake quickly, driver!
The red eye is burning point blank.
He puts on a menacing appearance,
2 lessons
Yellow flashed after him -
Let's wait, let's wait.
Yellow warning light
Wait for signals to move!
3 lessons
And behind it is a green eye
Flashed ahead.
He will say: there are no obstacles,
Feel free to hit the road!
4 lessons
Let other people wait
Bye green light they will give it.
I won't wait in vain -
I'll run through the red!
There is a squeal of brakes. A pedestrian falls, gets up, and grabs his head.
1 lesson
He ran a red light
And I got into an accident.
It's good that he remained alive.
4 lessons - Only teeth were missing.
2 lessons
A pedestrian needs to know
Where to go and where to walk,
And the driver must drive
So don't bother people.
4 lessons
And who will tell them on the way,
Where to go, where to go?
Where is the dangerous road
Is it safe to cross?
3 lessons
On the road what and how
The road sign will explain.
You definitely need to know them
To avoid getting into trouble.
1 lesson
You will see a blue sign - a square,
You will be very happy with the sign.
A man walks along a zebra crossing
Without fear, without barriers,
People know this sign -
CHORUS: " Crosswalk".
2 lessons
But if the sign is different -
White with red border,
It means something is forbidden
Don't rush to go, wait!
Man, bike
They have no way here
If the red line
The silhouette is crossed out.
3 lessons
Where is the school, kindergarten
Triangles hang
And kids are running inside.
Signs for adults say:
“The children are close to the road here!
Cars slow down here!”
The sign is called "Children!"
But it's not for guys.
1 lesson
Today we are pedestrians
Tomorrow we are drivers
Let's be careful kids
CHORUS: Let's be super vigilant!
4 lessons
I understand now, guys.
I will teach the rules.
I'll be on my way now
Proper transition!
Children sing a song to the melody of “Chunga-Changa”
So that there is no trouble in life,
We must follow the rules.
So that we can live peacefully, without worries,
You need to memorize them by heart.
Children need, without a doubt,
Remember the traffic rules
Remember the traffic rules
Without a doubt.
On the road, on the road
There is a very strict order
There is a very strict order
On road.
2 lessons
We showed the program
But we don't want to say goodbye.
Everyone who listened to us today
We thank you from the bottom of our hearts.
3 lessons
There are a lot of traffic rules in the world.
It wouldn't hurt us to learn them.
1 lesson
But the main rules of movement are
In chorus: Know how to do multiplication tables!
4 lessons
- Be able to tell yourself “Stop” in time(in unison), and your health and life will be safe!
Preview:
Preview:
If for another ten years not a single school could do without a labor lesson, today many consider this subject to be “morally obsolete.” Is this so, and do modern schoolchildren need such classes? So, according to their views on the existing education system, parents were divided into two groups. The first group includes those people who believe that labor lessons will not teach their children anything useful, so it is best to devote this study time to another lesson, for example, an English lesson, mathematics, computer science, or even economics. But another group of parents are sure that “you can’t pull a fish out of the pond without difficulty,” that is, such lessons are not only useful, but also educational for schoolchildren of all ages. That is, the child learns to work, show his thinking and ingenuity, and also realize himself in yet another area of life. To understand for yourself whether labor lessons are needed at school, it is worth remembering what girls and boys do during them. As I remember from the school curriculum, girls in such classes sew a skirt and apron, knit booties and socks, cross-stitch and satin stitch, and also learn the basics of cooking. In addition, they prepare a sweet table with their own hands, and then invite classmates to a friendly tea party. In general, this is very interesting, but the main thing is that young ladies not only get a lot of positive feedback from the work done, but also learn new knowledge that will definitely be useful to them in their future. future life and motherhood.
As for boys, they always find something exciting to do, such as working with wood, making crafts and souvenirs, basic carpentry and minor home repairs. Every boy must remember how with my own hands I made an original flower vase from a tin can, a flowerpot from old records, and a real kitchen stool. Lots of impressions, but the main thing is that future man at least he will be able to hammer a nail in his house, and this, as we know, is not so little. Having studied all these school memories, many parents come to the conclusion that labor lessons are still educational for every student, be it a boy or a girl.
But, nevertheless, each person must choose for himself what he wants to do in the future - physical and intellectual activity, but it was precisely such lessons that helped him set his life priorities and try himself in every business. The most surprising thing is that today physical labor has given way to intellectual labor, and the once exciting labor lessons have now been replaced by a new subject “technology”. This innovation places an emphasis on introducing the child to the computer, as well as gaining basic skills in work. Of course, we live in a world of scientific progress, but this is not a reason to forget about past equally entertaining activities at school. In order to finally decide whether it is worth studying a subject such as “labor” at school, we recommend carefully studying all its advantages and disadvantages, and drawing appropriate conclusions based on the information received. Of course, few people care about the opinions of children in school. However, this is a fundamentally wrong approach, because a child, being a full-fledged individual, can make his own choice....
So, among the significant advantages, it is necessary to remember that work allows children to escape at least a little from the school curriculum and relax mentally, because, as you know, memorizing rules, solving examples and equations, as well as reading large texts simply exhaust the child’s psyche, requiring at least a short pause . In addition, work contributes to the development of imagination, abstract thinking and memory, and also allows you to get better at a certain activity and gain valuable skills in life. This subject significantly raises the spirit of collectivism and unites the class morally, because it is so interesting to work together and help each other.
It is also worth remembering that such lessons are always noisy and fun, and this is not surprising, because every student simply offers numerous ideas, showing imagination and ingenuity. In addition, students develop a love and affection for work, and this will certainly come in handy in life. Many attentive mothers notice that their child is a creative person who strives to make unique things with their own hands, and, as you know, such potential is revealed by labor lessons at school. Among the benefits, it is also worth highlighting learning something new, and such a unique experience allows the child to grow above himself, realizing himself in new areas of life. So it’s simply impossible to overestimate the benefits of work, although again, not all parents think so.
As for the shortcomings of the so-called “labor education”, there is no need to deny that they really exist. Firstly, today there are no longer those qualified specialists who instilled in children a love of work. Now such teachers only turn children away from this subject, as a result bad behavior and regular absenteeism resulting in satisfactory grades. Secondly, the program proposed by the teacher is not always interesting for children, especially if classes for girls and boys are combined and, due to the lack of proper premises, are held in the same class. Thirdly, there is a lack of equipment necessary for lessons, and children have enough theory in other lessons. This is where all the disadvantages of work end, but the advantages of such activities are definitely still much greater.
If we face the truth, we can safely say that conducting labor lessons is not economically profitable. the fact is that all the equipment used has either simply broken down due to the expiration of its service life, or is obsolete for children living in the era of nanotechnology. As a rule, schools do not have sufficient funding to purchase new machines, instruments and mini-workshops, so they have to save money and replace labor lessons with technology. Parents, as a rule, do not interfere with such innovations, since they are sincerely glad that their offspring has the opportunity to additionally engage in mental work, mastering the use of a computer.
Today great amount schools abandoned labor lessons, sincerely believing that such classes are just a waste of children's time and nothing more. There are many reasons for such a refusal, for example, in private schools this is the initiative of parents who want the emphasis in their children’s education to be on mental development. As for educational schools, then the meager budget itself dictates its own rules, because it is clear that the maintenance of machines, the cost of purchasing materials, and even wage teachers are all expenses that not every school can handle. Also, many principals are afraid that the inexperience of schoolchildren can lead to increased injuries, and such a reputation is certainly of no use to any school.
One way or another, there must be labor lessons in elementary school. Why? The fact is that physical activity trains fine motor skills fingers, and, as you know, it is these parts of the body that transmit signals to the brain, that is, by attending such lessons, the child develops and grows above himself. That is why many parents, sending their child to first grade, are keenly interested in whether the chosen school has any valuable child development labor lessons. If there are any, then there is no doubt that they will certainly interest the not yet spoiled schoolchild who strives for new knowledge.
What value do primary school students gain from labor lessons at school? Firstly, they solve developmental tasks that can train technical and visual-figurative thinking, independence, Creative skills, spatial imagination, memory and even the child’s speech. Secondly, there are didactic tasks that teach how to work with reference literature and the instructions attached to a particular product. Thirdly, educational tasks teach you to be neat, thrifty and tidy, which may also come in handy more than once in the future. Solving such tasks at each lesson shapes the personality, so no harm will come to the child from a labor lesson.
Every parent must understand that the child must grow up fully developed in order to be able to adapt in time to all life situations. This is not so little, because mom and dad will not always be nearby, and one day you will still have to enter into adult life with all its surprises and surprises. However, one way or another, the choice remains with the adults, because only they can decide which school to send their child to. Labor lessons today are not available in every school, therefore, when enrolling your child in the first grade, it is worth asking the director whether the school curriculum provides labor education lessons....
Each of us has the right to choose what we will do in life. This refers to intellectual and mental work. Some people are good at exact sciences, such as mathematics or chemistry, from school, while others are attracted creative activity. So, “golden hands” also need to be developed.
Each of us remembers those labor lessons that happened before. They are significantly different from modern ones. Then the time was different, and the equipment of the labor rooms was better high level. Some people have positive memories from labor lessons, while others do not want to remember those times, believing that they are a thing of the past. Agree that a lot depends on the teacher. It’s good when a mentor recognizes a creative personality in his student in time and will help him and root for him. But it happens that a child needs to develop independently, without anyone’s help. Today, students have completely different hobbies, but this does not mean that there are no creative children among them who love to invent and make things.
The question arises: is there any benefit from labor lessons in schools? Is this item necessary? Perhaps no one needs him anymore? Many people believe that in a few years this subject will no longer exist. Who needs to know how to hammer nails or use a plane? Majority modern people believes that there are special services for this that will do everything that is needed for money. And in the online store http://domisad.com.ua/ you can buy all the necessary tools that you need for your home, office, garden or small city apartment.
In most cases, labor lessons are given by unskilled craftsmen, so these hours should be given to studying some other subjects. Workshops in schools are not really better condition. There are no materials or modern tools. Why then waste time on an item that no one needs?
Everyone has the right to their opinion. Undoubtedly, labor lessons bring a lot of benefits. Children can take a break from more challenging subjects that tire them mentally. Labor lessons provide basic skills that will definitely be useful in life. And you can find flaws in everything if you look hard enough. Few parents are outraged by the lack of labor lessons at school. But everyone wants their child to develop comprehensively and forget that physical labor contributes to mental development person.
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