Business plan examples samples download ready. Ready-made business plans with calculations are a good help for small businesses

• 1. Sample business plan
  • 1.1. Sections of a business plan
  • 1.2. Project Description
  • 1.3. Production plan
  • 1.4. Marketing plan
  • 1.5. Financial plan

Each company, in the course of its activities, must clearly understand the needs for all types of resources, and also be able to accurately calculate the amount of funds required to implement its business ideas. In a market economy, it is necessary to be able to plan, regularly analyze internal and external environment, assess your own prospects and capabilities. For clarity, consider a sample business plan with calculations. Also at the very end of the article you can download detailed business- plan of a grocery store.

Business plan for a web studio - sample with calculations

1. Sample business plan

The article presents a sample business plan with calculations for opening a website development company. Today, many companies decide to open their representative office on the Internet. As a result, there is a need to create an official website.

A business plan is an official document that will subsequently be presented to potential investors and partners. Therefore, when developing it, certain principles should be adhered to.

1.1. Sections of a business plan

• introduction,
• (a brief description of project and main financial indicators),
• project description,
• analysis of enterprise capabilities,
• production plan,
• marketing plan,
• financial plan,
• risk analysis,
• conclusion,
• links to sources.

1.2. Project Description

The company being designed is created for the purpose of developing websites and subsequently posting them on the Internet. The product of the enterprise is the website, made in accordance with the client’s requests, selected concept and functionality. average price website (arithmetic average) will be 64 thousand rubles.

On this moment the project development stage is assessed as a business idea. The goal of the project is to position itself on the market as a professional company for creating websites of varying complexity, with a modern concept and user-friendly interface.

When recruiting personnel, it is planned to look for professional layout designers and web designers based on an assessment of their portfolio (resume).

1.3. Production plan

It is planned to spend 200 thousand of our own rubles on the implementation of the business project Money and 800,000 rubles - borrowed funds in the form of a bank loan, i.e. All in all 1 million rubles.

All information is given as an example - this business the plan is a sample with approximate calculations

Currently, the IT technology segment is in a stage of dynamic growth. As a result of the penetration of broadband access into Russian regions and the development of mobile and wireless data networks, there is an increase in Internet users.

The preparatory period for the opening of the project is planned to be completed in full within six months.

The company's staff will consist of 6 people: CEO, accountant, employees and four programmers, each of whom is responsible for a specific project and is a highly specialized specialist.

Web studio company staff

Proposed fund wages will be 1659 thousand rubles. in the first year, 1893 thousand rubles. in the second year and 1962 thousand rubles. in the third year of the project.

Planned revenue for the first year will be 3793.93 thousand rubles, for the second year - 6140.19 thousand rubles, and for the third year - 6278.12 thousand rubles.

Acquisition costs fixed assets are estimated at 634.88 thousand rubles. The amount of depreciation deductions is not calculated, since the organization will operate under a simplified taxation system.

Cost of services provided will amount to 3918.55 thousand rubles in 2015, 3491.906 thousand rubles in 2016 and 3527.547 thousand rubles in 2017, respectively. The decrease in cost in 2016 compared to 2015 is due to the write-off of the cost of fixed assets, and the increase in cost in 2017 compared to 2016 is due to an increase in costs for personnel, acquisition Supplies for subsequent creation of services. It should be noted that business plan calculation samples depend on the specific economic situation in the country.

1.4. Marketing plan

Marketing expenses are estimated at 13% of revenue in 2015, 4.2% in 2016 and 4.15% in 2017.

1.5. Financial plan

The financial results of the project are assessed as follows. In the first year of activity, the financial result will be negative and the loss in 2015 will be 124.62 thousand rubles.

In 2016, the profit will be 2,648,284 rubles, and the maximum profit of 2,750,573 rubles will be achieved in 2017.

Net profit on an accrual basis at the end of 2015 will be -230.807 thousand rubles, at the end of 2016 – +1813.725 thousand rubles, and at the end of 2017 – +4215.028 thousand rubles.

We will calculate the efficiency of investments for the project

1. Net present value:
   NPV = 2947.435 rub.
2. Internal rate of return (IRR):
   2947.435 / (1 + x) 3 = 100 * 0.579;
   2947.435 = 57.9 * (1 + x) 3;
   (1 + x) 3 = 50.91;
   x = 2.71, IRR = 271%.
3. Profitability Index (PI):
   PI = A / KV = 2947.435 / 1000.0 = 2.647
   Investment return index > 1. This indicates that this project effective.
4. Payback period (PP):
   PP = 2 + = 2 + 0.7 = 2.7 quarters
5. Discounted payback period (DPP):
   DPP = 3 + = 3 + 0.74 = 3.74 quarters

Thus, the payback period of the business project is 3.74 quarters; also, a year after the start of the project, there will be a guaranteed repayment of the loan and receipt of income if the specified conditions for the project are met.

2. How to write a business plan - video + ready-made sample

This sample includes all the main points and necessary calculations and can be used as an example of a business plan for your own developments. It should also be noted that a detailed business plan sample with calculations can be purchased from specialized companies.

You can also view detailed business plan grocery store

3. Create and implement a business plan

Now that you know the basic principles of writing a concrete business plan, try to implement your long-held business idea. Carefully consider each step; the business plan should be drawn up taking into account the characteristics of the market you are going to enter.

Why do you need a business plan? Most will probably answer - to get a loan from a bank. This statement true, but only partly. First of all, the entrepreneur himself needs a plan in order to understand the size of the initial investment for starting, how long it will take to reach self-sufficiency and forecast revenue indicators, assess the level of profitability, payback period of investments and many other parameters.

Very often, a beginning businessman (and not only beginners) does all planning and calculations “by eye” on a napkin or in his head (and sometimes does not do it at all), forgetting about many costly items, which results in many mistakes and leads to bankruptcy.

Typical mistakes: when determining investments, the costs of financing activities before reaching self-sufficiency are not taken into account, the amount of inventory is incorrectly determined (the amount of goods and materials is set for one month, and based on the turnover period, reserves for 3 months are required), taxes and insurance contributions are not taken into account in the calculation of the wage fund , the need for personnel is incorrectly calculated and many others.

A correctly drawn up business plan with detailed calculations is the key to a successful start in any entrepreneurial activity, which will allow you to cut off unprofitable options at the forecasting stage and, as a result, protect yourself from losing your own investments or funds of the investor (creditor).

Let's say you plan to install, the calculation shows that the full payback will be 5 years, it is obvious that this will not be the right investment, it is unlikely that the machine will work without breakdowns for such a period of time. (For reference: the optimal payback for this type of activity is 12-18 months.)

What’s better – buy a ready-made business plan or make it yourself? If we are talking about a small business, then you definitely need to do it yourself. This will allow you to dive deeper into the project, understand its essence, and sort out the economics of future activities for yourself. Well, if you want to organize a production that requires multi-billion dollar investments, then you cannot do without the help of specialists.

On the site you will find samples of ready-made business models with all the calculations, which you can use as the basis for drawing up a feasibility study for your specific project.

Algorithm of actions

1. Familiarization with the provided sample feasibility study.
2. Collection of statistical data for a specific region where business activities will be carried out.
3. Conducting marketing research: identifying the strengths and weaknesses of the project ().
4. Updating information on the economic part: searching for potential and raw materials, requesting commercial proposals, recalculating costs and determining the final price based on current market realities, as well as determining the level of profitability.
5. Conducting a stress test of the figures reflected in the calculation (what will be the payback if the revenue is N percent less than planned). Based on the data obtained, drawing up several options for the development of the event: conservative, realistic and optimal.
6. carrying out economic activities.
7. Choosing the most profitable one (studying legal schemes to reduce the tax burden).

Based on the analysis and generalization of the information received, you draw up your own economic justification for the project, with the help of which you can determine the feasibility of investing money.

Please note that you can download any business plan you like for free. If there is no download form somewhere, you can ask a question through a special form, and within a short time we will add this feature. Through this form You can also clarify any point regarding the described model, and we will try to find a specialist to provide competent advice on the point that interests you.

Business plan for small businesses: 4 main sections of the document + 2 specific examples business plans.

Small business business plan– a document that is the basis of any business.

It performs several important functions:

• helps to structure information;
• allows you to see gaps in planning and identify risks;
• serves as a presentation for banks or potential investors;
• becomes a step-by-step instruction for the entrepreneur.

Do you have a desire to create own business, but you can’t plan and formalize your idea properly?

In the article you will see an overview of the main sections of a standard business plan for a small business. Use the structure below as a template.

For better understanding material, below are 2 ready-made business plans for implementing various ideas for small businesses.

Don’t put off implementing your idea until the mythical “later”: in 90% of cases, the “right moment” never comes.

Grab a piece of paper and a pen and start sketching out your plan right now.

What is a small business?

Small business is one of the types of entrepreneurship.

This format provides that the number of employees will not exceed 100 people, and annual revenue will not exceed 800 million rubles.

For a beginning entrepreneur without a serious material (financial) base and experience, opening a small business is the only possibility"get on your feet."

A feature of this format is quick payback + comparative simplicity in implementing the organizational plan.

The implementation of any idea requires the creation of a clear plan with accurate calculations.

A business plan is a “guide” for an entrepreneur, in which it is necessary to describe each stage of the process of turning your idea into reality.

Business plan structure for small businesses

So, it is important to follow generally accepted standards when drafting this document.

The point is not at all that there are strict legislative standards for, without compliance with which it will be considered invalid.

But why invent a bicycle if you can take into account many years of experience others in the small business industry and bring general shape document?

Section 1: Small Business Summary

The business plan summary is a brief but informative description of the products being manufactured + the timing of the small business project and a determination of its financial feasibility.

The main purpose of a resume is to demonstrate the concept of a product (service).

• Ceiling height from 3 meters + special moisture-resistant coating.
• The floor is concrete or covered with moisture-resistant durable tiles. If conditions are not as specified, rubber sheets must be used (especially in the storage area).
• They ensure constant air circulation, since fermentation processes are accompanied by the release of harmful substances.
• Electrical wiring must support three phases - 380 V.
• The sewer system is provided with sufficiently voluminous outlet channels to drain large amounts of liquid.
• Water supply is required. If funds and location of the brewery allow, you can supply the production with water from your own well.

List of necessary equipment for a private brewery

Staff

Start-up investment

Monthly investment

Payback period

With a stable production of 100 liters of beer per day, you can expect to earn 200,000 rubles per month (80,000 net profit per month).

Payback will be from 19 months.

Only the entrepreneur who puts his whole soul into beer production will be able to achieve high quality products.

The profitability of the enterprise directly depends on the quality of the products sold, since the cost of beer is quite high + this drink is very popular in Russia.

For a novice entrepreneur who wants to open his own business, beer production is one of the current options.

To achieve top positions in the market, you will have to go a long way, because there is no activity that would generate income without any effort.

Business plan for a small business: “On-site car service”

It’s hard not to pay attention to the ever-growing number of cars on Russian roads.

If you doubt the profitability and feasibility of opening a project, evaluate the following fact: the number of cars is growing along with the average age of transport.

Just pay attention to the percentage of cars that are more than 7 years old!

Vehicle fleet of the Russian Federation (“Age breakdown of the vehicle fleet”):

In this state of affairs, a situation where a car breaks down on the road is not uncommon.

In this case, qualified assistance from a car mechanic is required.

Where there is a need among people, there is an opportunity for an entrepreneur to benefit.

The goal of such a small business, the idea of ​​which is discussed in our business plan, is to provide repair services not in a specific service station, but “on the road.”

The work pattern is as follows: the secretary receives a client’s call and transmits information about the type of breakdown to the mechanics. They, in turn, go to the scene of the incident.

The cost of services in the field is significantly higher.

This factor affects the profitability of the enterprise.

Premises for mobile car service

To open such a car service you will need 2 premises:

1. Office (approximately 30 sq. m.).
2. Garage (50 sq.m.) for storing tools and car repairs in emergency situations, as well as placement of the enterprise’s personal vehicle fleet.

Requirements to office space standard:

• electricity;
• stable water supply;
• telecommunications;
• office furniture;
• ventilation system;
• fire safety at the proper level;
• stable heating.

Garage requirements:

• electricity: 3 phase 380 V;
• water supply;
• concrete floor (or tiled flooring);
• ventilation system;
• stable heating;
• high level of fire safety;
• heating;
• wide entrance gates.

Renting two premises will cost approximately 75,000 rubles. monthly.

Equipment for mobile car service

Equipment	Qty	Cost per piece (rub.)	total amount
Total:	26		RUB 1,278,200
Jack (2.5 t.)	2	1 500	3 000
Jack (8 t.)	2	4 500	9 000
Compressor (tire inflation)	2	7 000	14 000
Compressor (oil suction)	2	5 000	10 000
Set of wrenches (reverse, open-end, socket, ring)	2	12 000	24 000
Flashlight (lamp power 100 Watt)	2	300	600
Flashlight (power 300 Watt)	2	500	1 000
Impact wrench	2	5 000	10 000
Oil can	4	150	600
Car vacuum cleaner	2	2 000	4 000
A set of high-quality cleaning products for the car	2	1 000	2 000
Passenger car for mechanic's visit	2	600 000	1 200 000

Staff

Initial investment in the project

Attachment article	Amount (rub.)
Total:	RUB 1,463,200
Register an enterprise	10 000
Renting premises	75 000
Employees	80 000
Marketing	20 000
Equipment	1 278 200

Monthly investment

Depending on the services provided, this type of small business can bring 150,000-300,000 rubles. per month.

Net profit - about 75,000 rubles. per month.

The payback period for the enterprise will be from 19 months.

There is one significant caveat: if you can find mechanics who have personal vehicles, you can refuse to buy cars.

In this case, the payback period will be reduced to 6 months.

Once again about why a business plan is needed to organize a small business, in the video:

The main thing in entrepreneurship is the desire to think and develop.

Are you ready to strive to become a successful person today?

Or will you wait for the mythical “tomorrow”?

Create your own small business business plan and start taking action.

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Let's give a simple example of a business plan. Please note that this is only one of the possible options, and presented in a very compressed form.

Target: Produce confectionery products, mainly cakes, for city residents. Take a leading position in the upper price segment of this market.

Tasks:
1. Create a compact confectionery shop.
2. Provide production process necessary raw materials and the workforce, some of which will be hired.
3. Initially occupy 30% of the market segment through the implementation of a developed marketing strategy, which involves squeezing out the main competitors with dumping prices and new recipes for the consumer.
4. Raise the missing investment funds from the bank using available real estate as collateral.

An example of drawing up a business plan for an enterprise

Let's look at an example of a manufacturing business plan. It is planned to open a small tailoring shop. Let's consider how promising this business is in a specific market.

1. Summary. Opening small production from January 1, 2014. Form of ownership – LLC. The planned period is 42 months.

2. General provisions. Purchasing equipment that will allow you to use a variety of fabrics and perform different finishes. It is planned to partially raise borrowed funds for the purchase of equipment and rental of premises. The tailoring service will be provided to the population, as well as to legal entities in need of special clothing, as well as sewing curtains and bedding for subsequent sale.

3. Market analysis and marketing plan. Currently there are 350 enterprises represented on the market. Due to strict adherence to deadlines and quality, it is planned to create positive image companies, which will allow them to occupy a niche in the market.

4. Costs. Estimated direct and variable costs, including wages and premises rental, for 3 years will amount to 13.5 million rubles. Of them own funds 50 million rubles. The planned sales volume will be 15 million rubles, which, minus tax deductions, will allow the project to reach payback by the end of the third year.

5. Production schedule. Release of 1000 units of goods.

6. Investments. Attracting partners on the terms of joint business.

Brief example of a business plan

If you are about to open a shoe repair shop, then general view The development of a business plan using an example looks like this:

• – Fixed costs (equipment) – 300 thousand rubles.
• – Variable costs(threads, glue, rent) - 10 thousand rubles.
• – Investment required – 100 thousand rubles in the form of a bank loan at 23% per annum for 10 years with a progressive scale and deferred repayment for 1 year.
• – Form of ownership – individual entrepreneur
• – Tax deductions 24 thousand rubles.
• – Planned revenue – 20 thousand rubles per month.
• – Revenue for 1 year – 97 thousand rubles.
• – Financial result – 73 thousand rubles.

As a result, the entrepreneur has reasons to invest money in this project. The safety margin is large enough to possible deviations from the predicted values ​​did not lead to financial collapse.

Example of a business plan with calculations

Opening a small store selling used children's items also requires a preliminary assessment. Enterprise business plan example:

The assessment of goods purchased from the population will be based on the cost of 1 kg.
To begin with, you will need to create an assortment of 100 units.
The cost of 1 kg is 400 conventional units. One product weighs on average 1 kg. Thus, the cost of the product will be 100 * 100 = 40,000 USD. Replenishment costs working capital will be 100 units, which equals 10,000 USD. per month
The rent of the premises will be 10,000 USD.
Variable costs, including advertising and unforeseen expenses - 10 USD.

Sales volume in the first 6 months will be 130 products per month;
in subsequent years - 280 products per month.
The average unit price will be 250 USD.
Revenue for 1 year = 130 * 250 * 12 + 280 * 250 * 12 = (10,000 * 12,000 + 40,000 + 10,000 * 12 + 10,000 * 12,000) = 420,195 – 361,240 = 58,955.
The tax will be 25,000 USD.
Financial result – 33,955 USD

At first glance, the business seems attractive, given the low input costs and quick payback, but after performing a simple calculation, the entrepreneur will come to the conclusion that the profitability is very low and, although the risk is small (the product is in stable demand), it is unprofitable to engage in this business without achieving scale .

View an example of a business plan

Schematically planning, for example, growing vegetables looks like this:

1. Summary. Reflected here summary remaining pages.
2. Marketing part. Who will be the buyer and how will it be possible to conquer the market? Settlement part – 5 tons of carrots for 100,000 USD
3. Costs. Rent land plot and inventory – 27,000 USD
Payment for hired labor – 30,000 USD.
4. Revenue– 23 USD
5. Sources of financing. Bank loan for 50,000 USD at 18% per annum for 10 years.
6. Financial result– 9 USD

This activity, if the pessimistic scenario is fulfilled, will not generate income at all in the first year. In addition, the entrepreneur will be able to work fully and invest in development only after repaying the entire loan amount.

Download ready-made examples of business plans

On this resource you can download examples of business plans for free. Downloading the file makes it possible to get acquainted with more detailed calculation options, which will allow you not only to understand the essence, but also to make, by analogy, your own calculation to justify the feasibility of investing funds.

If you have no experience at all, it is not at all necessary to order development from a specialized company. It is enough to get acquainted with an example of planning for a similar activity, where you can study in detail the features of market analysis and calculation of production costs for a particular business.

To download, click on the link:

Be sure to watch the video: “What is a business plan?”

Not a single entrepreneurial project is complete without a business plan. This document is a detailed instruction for opening a commercial business, which describes step by step the tasks that need to be solved to achieve the final goal (that is, obtaining maximum profit), as well as the methods and means that the entrepreneur is going to use. Without a business plan, it is impossible to receive investment in a commercial project or apply to a bank for a loan for business development. However, even if an entrepreneur does not plan to attract third-party funds, he still needs a business plan - for himself.

Why is this document needed, and what is its exceptional importance? A well-written business plan, which contains verified information and verified figures, is the foundation of a commercial project. It will allow you to analyze in advance the state of the market and the severity of competition, predict possible risks and develop ways to minimize them, estimate the size of the required start-up capital and the total amount of investment, as well as the expected profit - in short, find out whether it is advisable to take a financial risk and invest money in this idea .

"Business idea"

The basis of any project is a business idea - that is, for the sake of which, in fact, everything was conceived. An idea is a service or product that will bring profit to the entrepreneur. The success of a project is almost always determined the right choice ideas.

• Which idea is successful?

The success of an idea is its potential profitability. So, at any time there are directions that are initially favorable for making a profit. For example, some time ago it was fashionable to import Russian Federation yoghurts - this product instantly gained popularity among the population, and in proportion to this popularity, the number of companies involved in import grew. Only a completely unlucky and incompetent entrepreneur could fail a project in this area and make the business unprofitable. Now the idea of ​​selling yoghurts with a high degree of probability will not be successful: the market is already oversaturated with domestically produced products, imported goods It is unlikely to be favorably received by consumers due to the high price and customs difficulties; moreover, the main players in this segment have already established a foothold in the market and have established supply and sales channels.

Most entrepreneurs, when choosing an idea for making a profit, think in the categories of the majority - they say, if this business brings income to my friend, then I can also improve my business. However, the more “role models” there are, the higher level competition and less ability to dictate your prices. In a mass business, approximate prices have already been established, and a newcomer, in order to increase its competitiveness, has to set prices below market prices in order to attract customers - which, of course, does not contribute to making a big profit.

Potentially highly profitable ideas now are those proposals that help an entrepreneur occupy a free market niche - that is, offer something that other businessmen have not yet thought of. To find an original business idea, sometimes all you need to do is look around and think about what consumers are missing in a certain area. Thus, a successful idea was the production of mops that allow you to wring out a rag without getting your hands wet, or special lamps that cannot be dismantled without the use of special tools - this know-how has significantly reduced the number of thefts of light bulbs in hallways.

Often original ideas you don’t even need to generate it yourself - you can use new products that have been successfully implemented in other countries or cities, but have not yet occupied the corresponding market niche in your region. By following this path, you will become the first to offer this know-how to consumers in your region or country, and, therefore, you will be able to set prices for this product (service).

However, originality alone is not enough for a successful business idea. There are two objective prerequisites for a business to be successful:

1. - a potential buyer needs your product or at least understands its usefulness (for example, a person may not yet know about a certain medicine, but he realizes that something similar can cure his illness);
2. - the buyer is ready to pay for your product or service) exactly the price that you plan to ask (for example, almost everyone wants to buy a car - however, as we know, not everyone can afford a car).

And one more note regarding innovative business ideas - excessive originality can only harm profits, since the potential audience may simply not be ready for your proposal (most consumers are conservative by nature and have difficulty changing their habits). The least risky option is to stick to the golden mean - that is, to bring already familiar goods or services to the market, but in an improved form.

• How to determine if a given business idea is right for you?

Even a potentially successful business idea may not turn out to be successful in practice if it is not suitable for a particular entrepreneur. So, opening a beauty salon is relatively easy - but if you do not understand the intricacies of the salon business, then your brainchild is unlikely to bring you good profits. A business idea must be supported by the entrepreneur’s experience, knowledge and, of course, capabilities. What indicators indicate that your project will be within your capabilities?

1. - Professionalism. You can have a specialized education in your chosen field, or you can just as easily be a passionate self-taught person. The main thing is that you have understanding production process and other necessary knowledge in the chosen field.
2. - Passion. You must like what you are going to do and offer. Moreover, you should like not only the final product, but also the process itself, because unloved thing you will not be able to give all your strength, which means it will be difficult to bring him to good level. Remember the famous proverb: “find a job you love and you will never have to work a day in your life.”
3. - Personal characteristics. If you are introverted and unsociable person, you feel uncomfortable in the company of other people, then it will be difficult for you to negotiate. And if you, for example, are a convinced vegetarian, then there is no point in considering selling semi-finished meat products - even if this business can bring good profits, you will still feel uncomfortable doing it.
4. - What you have (land, real estate, equipment, etc.). Starting any kind of production will be much less expensive if you already have the appropriate equipment. And if you inherited, let’s say, a private house not far from the road, then this good opportunity to make a profit from roadside trading, because your competitors, if they are found, do not have such a good location, and this advantage can overcome even your inexperience.

Competition: how to become special:

As mentioned above, to apply your entrepreneurial efforts, it is most advisable to choose those areas where competition is frivolous or absent altogether. However, in most cases, entrepreneurs one way or another have to face competitors, and businessmen are faced with the question - how to stand out from them? This can be done due to the following advantages:

Competitive advantages

When introducing yourself to potential consumers, try to immediately draw their attention to the advantages that distinguish your offer from similar ones, so that buyers see that it is you who can satisfy their needs in the best possible way. Don’t be shy to highlight your merits and don’t rely on the intelligence of consumers - they are unlikely to guess why your product (service) is different from the product (service) of your competitors in better side. For example, if the recipe for the bread you bake involves enriching the product with vitamins and other useful substances, then be sure to convey this fact to your future buyers. You should not position your bread simply as tasty and fresh product, because your competitors have exactly the same - it’s unlikely that anyone will sell tasteless and expired goods. But vitamins are your competitive advantage, and the buyer must definitely find out about it, so advertising needs to be thought out accordingly.

So, we've covered some of the details. preliminary preparation to writing a business plan, and now we can pay close attention to this particular document and its main sections.

1. Title page.

The title page is the “face” of your business plan. This is what your potential investors or bank employees see first when deciding whether to issue you a loan for business development. Therefore, it should be clearly structured and contain all the key information about your project:

1. - Project name (for example, “Production of self-squeezing mops” or “Creation and development of a commercial Internet radio station called “XXX”);
2. - Organizational and legal form of the project and name legal entity(if there are several such persons, then a list indicating areas of responsibility is required);
3. - Author and co-authors of the project
4. - Annotation for the project (for example “ this document represents step by step plan foundation and development of a commercial radio station...");
5. - Project cost (required starting capital)
6. - Place and year of creation (“Perm, 2016”).

2.Resume.

This item represents short description ideas for the project, timing of its implementation, main goals and objectives for implementing the idea, estimated turnover and production volumes. forecast of key indicators - project profitability, payback period, initial investment, sales volume, net profit, etc.

Despite the fact that the summary is the first section of the business plan, it is compiled after this document has already been completely written and double-checked, since the brief description covers all other sections of the business plan. The summary should be concise and extremely logical and fully disclose all the advantages of the project, so that investors or a potential lender see that this business idea is really worth investing in it.

3.Market analytics

The section reflects the state of the market sector in which the project will be implemented, an assessment of the level of competition, characteristics target audience and industry development trends. It is very important that the market analysis is carried out on the basis of high-quality marketing research containing real indicators (falsified or inaccurate analysis reduces the value of the business plan to almost zero). If an entrepreneur is not competent enough in the chosen field, then in order to avoid inaccuracies and errors, he should outsource marketing research by ordering it from a trusted marketing agency.

This section usually takes up at least 10% of the total volume of the business plan. His approximate plan is as follows:

1. - general description selected industry (dynamics, trends and development prospects - with specific mathematical indicators);
2. - Characteristics of the main market players (that is, direct and indirect competitors), an indication of the competitive advantages and features of your business project compared to other entities;
3. - Characteristics of the target audience (geographical location, age level, gender, income level, type of consumer and user behavior, etc.). Creating a portrait of a “typical client” indicating the main motives and values ​​that guide him when choosing a product (service), pessimistic forecasting (that is, the minimum flow) of consumers of the product (service);
4. - Review of the most effective channels and ways to promote goods (services);
5. - Review and identification of the most likely risks that an entrepreneur may encounter in this market segment and suggesting ways to eliminate or minimize them (it must be remembered that risks are external circumstances and factors that do not depend on the entrepreneur);
6. - Forecast of possible changes in this market segment, as well as an overview of factors that may affect the profitability of the project.

4. Characteristics of goods (services) and their sales

This paragraph describes in detail the goods that the entrepreneur is going to produce, or the services that he is going to sell. Special attention should be focused on the competitive advantages of the business idea, that is, what will distinguish this proposal from the general diversity. However, one should not remain silent about the shortcomings and weak points ideas, if any, it is better to play fair with investors and creditors, besides, they can analyze this point on their own, and in the case of a one-sided description, you risk losing their trust, and with it the hope of financial investment in your idea.

The presence of a patent will make the idea described especially attractive - if an entrepreneur offers some kind of know-how and has already managed to patent it, then this fact must be reflected in the document. The patent is like competitive advantage, and the basis for a greater likelihood of obtaining loans or investments.

The chapter must include:

1. - brief description of the idea;
2. - ways of its implementation;
3. - description life cycle product (service);
4. - percentage of secondary purchases;
5. - the possibility of creating additional product lines or service options, the possibility of segmenting the offered product;
6. - expected modification of supply in accordance with changes in the market situation and factors affecting profit.

5. Ways to promote business (marketing and strategic plans)

In this chapter, the entrepreneur describes exactly how he is going to inform potential consumers about his product and how he will promote this product. Shown here:

6.Description of the production process

The production plan is detailed description a complete algorithm for the production of a product from its being in a raw material state until the moment when the finished product appears on store shelves. This plan includes:

1. - a description of the necessary raw materials and the basic requirements for them, as well as the suppliers from whom you plan to purchase these raw materials;
2. - reception, processing and pre-production preparation of raw materials;
3. - the technological process itself;
4. - yield of the finished product;
5. - the procedure for testing the finished product, its packaging and transfer to the warehouse and subsequent delivery to the buyer.

In addition to the actual description of the production process, this chapter should also reflect:

1. - characteristics of the equipment used, as well as the premises where the production process will be carried out - indicating all the necessary standards and requirements;
2. - list of main partners;
3. - the need to attract resources and borrowed funds;
4. - calendar plan business development - from the launch of production until the time when the funds invested in the project begin to pay off.

7. Enterprise structure. Personnel and management.

This chapter describes the internal scheme of the functioning of a business project, that is, the administrative and organizational plan. The chapter can be divided into the following subsections:

1. - organizational and legal form of the enterprise (LLC, individual entrepreneur, etc.);
2. - internal structure of the enterprise, distribution of responsibilities between services, channels of their interaction (it would be best if this sub-item is further illustrated by appropriate diagrams);
3. - staffing table, a list of the responsibilities of each employee, his salary, channels and criteria by which the selection of personnel will be carried out;
4. - list of activities on the personnel policy (training, training, personnel reserve, etc.)
5. - participation in business development events (competitions, conferences, fairs, grants, government programs etc.).

8.Risk assessment. Ways to minimize risks.

The purpose of this paragraph is a preliminary assessment of possible negative circumstances that will affect the achievement of the desired indicators (business income, customer flow, etc.) - the basis for this assessment is again marketing market research. Risks are divided into external ones (for example, tougher competition and the emergence of new strong players in this segment, increased rental rates and utility bills, natural disasters And emergencies, changes in tax legislation towards increasing rates, etc.) and internal (what can happen directly inside the enterprise - equipment breakdowns, unscrupulous employees, etc.).

If an entrepreneur has information in advance about what exactly he should be afraid of in the implementation and promotion of his project, then he can think in advance about the ways in which he will neutralize and minimize negative factors. For each risk, a number of alternative strategies should be proposed (a kind of table of activities carried out in in case of emergency). You should not hide certain risks from investors or creditors.

Special attention should be paid to such a form of protection as insurance against various risks. If an entrepreneur plans to insure his business, then this must be mentioned - indicating the selected insurance company, the amount of insurance premiums and other details related to the matter.

9.Forecasting financial flows

Perhaps the most important chapter of a business plan. Because of its importance, it should be written by professionals if the entrepreneur himself does not have a financial and economic education. Thus, many startupers who have creative ideas, but do not have sufficient financial literacy, in this case resort to the services of investment companies, which later put their certification visa on the business plan - this is a kind of guarantee of reliability of calculations and will give the business plan additional weight in the eyes of investors and creditors.

The financial plan of any business project includes:

1. - balance sheet of the enterprise;
2. - calculation of expenses (employee payroll, production expenses, etc.);
3. - profit and loss statement, as well as cash flow statement;
4. - the amount of required external investment;
5. - calculation of profit and profitability.

The profitability of a project is a key indicator that has a decisive influence on investors’ decisions regarding investing in a given business. Calculations on this topic cover the period from the entry of start-up capital and third-party investments into the project until the moment when the project can be considered break-even and begins to generate net profit.

When calculating profitability, the basic formula R = D * Zconst / (D - Z) is usually used, where R is the profitability threshold in monetary terms, D is income, Z is variable costs, and Zconst is fixed costs. However, in long-term calculations, the calculation formula should also include such indicators as the inflation rate, renovation costs, contributions to the investment fund, increases in wages for enterprise employees, etc. As a visualization method, it is again advisable to use a Gantt chart, which is convenient for tracking the level of growing income and reaching the break-even point.

10.Regulatory framework

Here are all the documents required for legal support business - certificates and licenses for goods, permission for certain types of activities, acts, permits, etc. – with a description of the conditions and terms of their receipt, as well as the cost. If the entrepreneur already has any documents in his hands, this must be indicated, and this fact will also become an advantage in the eyes of investors.

11.Applications

At the end of the business plan, the entrepreneur provides all calculations, diagrams, graphs and other supporting materials that were used to draw up financial forecasts, market analysis, etc., as well as all materials that visualize the points of the business plan and facilitate its perception.

“The main mistakes when drawing up a business plan”

At the end of the article, I would like to say a few words about the most common mistakes that inexperienced entrepreneurs make when drawing up business plans. So, what should you avoid if you don't want to scare potential investors away from your project?

Excessive bloating and bulk. A business plan is not homework, where big size written increases the chances of good mark. The approximate volume of a business plan is usually 70-100 sheets.

Difficulties of presentation. If an investor reading your plan cannot understand your idea after reading two or three sheets, then there is a high probability that he will put the BP aside.

Lack of necessary explanations. Remember that an investor is not required to understand the area of ​​the market in which you are offering him to invest money (and in most cases, he really does not understand it, otherwise he would have already launched an independent business). Therefore, you need to succinctly introduce the reader to the main details.

Streamlined phrases-characteristics (“huge market”, “great prospects”, etc.). Remember: only accurate and verified information and forecasts.

Providing estimates that are unverified or knowingly false financial indicators. We have already focused on this topic above, so no comments.