Subcutaneous injection technique. The technique of performing intramuscular, intravenous and subcutaneous injections. Algorithm for performing subcutaneous drug administration

North-West State Medical University named after I. I. Mechnikov

INJECTION. TYPES OF INJECTION.

Nursing teacher,

with clinical practice

Alesheva N.V.

intradermal (or intradermal) - (intracutaneous or intradermal);

subcutaneous (subcutaneous);

intramuscular (intramuscular);

intravenous (intravenous);

intra-arterial;

intraosseous;

rectal injection - using enemas.

Intradermal injection

Intradermal injection is the most superficial injection. WITH diagnostic purpose injected from 0.1 to 1 ml of liquid. The site for intradermal injection is the anterior surface of the forearm.

For intradermal injection, a 2-3 cm needle with a small lumen is required. Basically, the palmar surface of the forearm is used, and with novocaine blockages, other parts of the body.

Before intradermal injection nurse wash your hands and wear rubber gloves. The site of the proposed intradermal injection is treated with a cotton ball moistened with 70 ° alcohol. Stretch the skin at the site of intradermal injection and stick the needle into the skin with a cut up, then advance it 3-4 mm, releasing a small amount medicinal substance... Bumps appear on the skin, which, with further administration of the drug, turn into a "lemon peel". The needle is removed without pressing the intradermal injection site with cotton wool.

Subcutaneous injections

It is used, for example, when administering insulin.

Subcutaneous injections are made with a needle of the smallest diameter to a depth of 1.5 mm and inject up to 2 ml of drugs, which are quickly absorbed into the loose subcutaneous tissue and do not have a harmful effect on it.
The most convenient sites for subcutaneous administration are:

outer surface of the shoulder;

subscapularis space;

antero-outer thigh;

lateral surface of the abdominal wall;

the lower part of the axillary region.

In these places, the skin is easily trapped in a fold and the risk of damage to blood vessels, nerves and periosteum is minimal.

The skin in front of the injection site is folded, the needle is inserted at an angle of 45 ° into the skin, then a solution of the drug is injected smoothly into the subcutaneous fat.

Intramuscular injection

Intramuscular injection is one of the most common methods of administering small amounts of drugs.

Muscles have an extensive network of blood and lymphatic vessels which creates good conditions for the absorption of drugs. With intramuscular injection, a depot is created, from which the drug is gradually absorbed into the bloodstream, which allows you to maintain approximately the same concentration active substance in the blood for several hours and thus ensure its long-term effect.

When injecting into gluteus muscle the following actions are performed:

Alcohol treatment of the skin at the injection site.

With the free hand, the skin is stretched over the injection site and pierced with a needle. It is recommended to puncture with a sharp movement to reduce pain(the time of interaction of the needle tip with pain receptors, which are mainly in the skin, decreases).

Before starting the injection of the drug, the plunger of the syringe is pulled back to check if the needle has entered a large blood vessel. In the event that blood enters the syringe, without removing the needles, they change the direction and depth of immersion in order to bypass the damaged vessel.
The contents of the syringe are slowly injected into the muscle.

The needle is removed with a quick movement, a cotton ball with alcohol is pressed to the injection site.

If the needle enters a blood vessel, which may cause embolism if introduced oil solutions or suspensions that should not enter directly into the bloodstream. When applying similar drugs after inserting the needle into the muscle, the piston is pulled back and it is made sure that there is no blood in the syringe.
Infiltrates - painful lumps in the thickness of the muscle tissue at the injection site. May occur on the second or third day after the injection. The reasons for their occurrence can be both non-compliance with the rules of asepsis (non-sterile syringe, poorly treated injection site), and multiple administration of drugs to the same place, or hypersensitivity human tissues to the injected drug (typical for oil solutions and some antibiotics).
Abscess- manifested by hyperemia and soreness of the skin over the infiltrate, elevated temperature body. Urgent surgical treatment and antibiotic treatment.

Allergic reactions on the injected drug. To avoid these complications, an anamnesis is taken before the administration of the drug, the presence of allergic reactions to any substances is found out. In any manifestation allergic reaction(regardless of the method of previous administration), it is advisable to cancel the drug, since repeated administration of this drug can lead to anaphylactic shock.

Intravenous injection

Intravenous injections involve the introduction of a drug directly into the bloodstream. Most important rule at the same time, the strictest adherence to the rules of asepsis is observed (washing and processing of hands, patient's skin, etc.).
For intravenous injections, the veins of the cubital fossa are most often used, since they have large diameter lie superficially and move relatively little, and superficial veins hands, forearms, less often the veins of the lower extremities.

Well-contoured vein. The vein is clearly visible, clearly protrudes above the skin, and is voluminous. The side and front walls are clearly visible.

Poorly contoured vein. Only the anterior wall of the vessel is very clearly visible and palpable; the vein does not protrude above the skin.

Not contoured vein. The vein is not visible, and very poorly palpated, or the vein is not visible or palpable at all.

According to the degree of fixation of the vein in the subcutaneous tissue, the following options are distinguished:

Fixed vein- the vein is displaced along the plane slightly.

Sliding vein- the vein is easily displaced in the subcutaneous tissue along the plane, it can be displaced a distance greater than its diameter.

By the severity of the wall, the following types can be distinguished:

Thick-walled vein- the vein is thick, dense.

Thin-walled vein- a vein with a thin, easily vulnerable wall.

well-contoured gliding thick-walled vein - occurs in 14% of cases;

Most suitable for puncture (puncture) of the veins of these two clinical options... Good contours, thick wall make it quite easy to puncture the vein.

One of the most common anatomical features vein is the so-called fragility. Visually and palpably, fragile veins are no different from ordinary ones. A hematoma appears very quickly at the puncture site. The following happens: in some cases, the puncture of the vein wall corresponds to the diameter of the needle, and in others, due to anatomical features, a rupture occurs along the course of the vein.
Violations of the technique of fixing the needle in the vein can also lead to complications. A weakly fixed needle causes additional trauma to the vessel. This complication occurs almost exclusively in the elderly.
Enough frequent complication there is admission infusion solution v subcutaneous tissue... Most often, after puncture of the vein in the elbow bend, the needle is not firmly fixed, when the patient moves with his hand, the needle leaves the vein and the solution enters the skin. It is recommended to fix the needle in the elbow bend in at least two points, and in restless patients, fix the vein along the limb, excluding the area of the joints.
Another reason for the flow of fluid under the skin is a through puncture of the vein, this often happens when disposable needles are used, which are sharper than reusable ones, in which case the solution enters partly into the vein and partly under the skin.
In the event of a violation of the central and peripheral circulation, the veins collapse. Puncture of such a vein is extremely difficult. In this case, the patient is asked to more vigorously squeeze and unclench his fingers and, in parallel, pat on the skin, looking at the vein in the puncture area.

The drug is drawn into a syringe, the absence of air in the syringe is checked. The cap is put back on the needle.

The patient extends the arm as much as possible at the elbow joint.

A rubber tourniquet is applied to the middle third of the patient's shoulder (over clothes or napkins), the pulse on radial artery it should not change.

The patient is asked to clench and unclench the fist (for better pumping of blood into the vein).

The skin in the area of the elbow bend is treated with two or three cotton balls with alcohol in the direction from the periphery to the center.

With the free hand, the skin is fixed in the area of the puncture, pulling it in the area of the elbow bend and slightly shifting to the periphery.

Keeping the needle almost parallel to the vein, pierce the skin and carefully insert the needle 1/3 of the length with a cut up (with the patient's fist clenched).

Continuing to fix the vein, slightly change the direction of the needle and carefully puncture the vein until the feeling of "falling into the void".

To confirm that the needle has entered the vein, it is recommended to pull the syringe plunger towards you - blood should appear in the syringe.

Pulling one of the free ends, the tourniquet is untied, the patient is asked to unclench the brush.

The medicinal solution is slowly injected without changing the position of the syringe.

A cotton ball with alcohol is pressed to the injection site and the needle is removed from the vein.

The patient bends the arm at the elbow, the ball with alcohol remains in place, the patient fixes the arm in this position for 5 minutes to prevent bleeding.

Intra-arterial injection.

Injections are made into those arteries that provide direct action medicinal solutions on the painful process in the place of its localization. For example, for pathological processes in the last phalanx of the extremities, an injection is made into the lateral arteries of the metatarsus and metacarpus. The injection technique is the same as intravenous, with the difference that the needle is inserted by probing a pulsating artery or after cutting the skin.

Intraosseous injection.

Currently, regional and especially peripheral anesthesia is used more and more often due to the increasing number of surgical operations and clinical data confirming its advantage over general anesthesia... Its use is also due to the desire to increase the turnover of beds in hospitals, since recovery period usually shorter after regional anesthesia than after general anesthesia.1
Intravenous regional anesthesia (VRA) is especially difficult to perform during upper and lower limbs; studies have shown that in this case, intraosseous regional anesthesia is an effective replacement for BPA. During intraosseous regional anesthesia, anesthetics penetrate the tissues in the same way as with intravenous infusion... The syringe for injection for adults allows for the safe and effective administration of intraosseous regional anesthesia due to the rapid and accurate injection of liquid into the cancellous substance of the pineal gland and metaphysis of the bones of the upper and lower extremities.

Injections - this is a way to increase the bioavailability of the drug in comparison with the first-or-al-noy form, since injectable drugs do not undergo primary filtration in the furnace, which makes it possible to convey most active substance in the blood-current. How to properly inject, in general, it is important for all people to know, since everyone has relatives, children, parents who, unfortunately, sometimes are ill , and there are such situations when treatment involves injections of certain pre-paras, but it is especially important to carefully study this material for athletes, co-bi-ra-yu- shim-to-shi-to-ryat the peaks of sportsmanship. For our part, we want you to pre-pre-pre-pre-d and advise you to consult a doctor before taking any medications -states.

It is also worth paying attention to the fact that not all drugs have the same injection rules. There are drugs that are put into a vein, there are drugs that are put into the muscles, and there are drugs that are put into the fat fold. Accordingly, how correctly to inject depends also on the type of drug that you use. At the same time, there are some general rules, which must be observed in all cases, for example, the rules of hygiene. But the choice of a syringe depends on the type of injection, the choice also depends on what optimal location parenteral administration of pre-pa-ra-ta. All this is very important to know when carrying out injections, since, in addition to pluses, injections also have disadvantages, which are possible side effects associated with inappropriate vil-ny pro-ve-de-no-em pro-tse-du-ry.

Types of injections

Intravenous: these injections are correctly done by a doctor, since it is very important to keep all the rules of hygiene and get into the vein normally. In other words, if you are not a doctor, or the one you ask has no experience, then doing injections at home is not a good idea. But, if, nevertheless, circumstances force you to put such injections at home, then you must thoroughly wash your hands, wipe the needle with alcohol, medicine, and anti-sep-ti-com the injection site from below up. Injection sites can be: elbow fold, upper surface of the hand, veins of the forearm and, less often, veins of the lower extremities. It is obligatory to apply a tourniquet 5 cm above the injection site, the syringe is inserted at an acute angle for about a third of its length, the needle should be -zhe-ze-z up. After you insert the needle into the vein, you need to pull a little on the syringe plunger to make sure that you get into the vein, which will be evidenced blood. Then you remove the tourniquet, inject the drug, pull out the needle and put on a pro-alcohol-to-van cotton ball. Important* the needle should have a length of 40mm and a diameter of 0.8mm.

Intramuscular: these injections are already easier to do, they can be carried out on your own, without referring to specialists. In order to correctly perform the internal-three-wee-injections, it is necessary to observe all the rules of hygiene and choose the right place for the injection. The best places for intramuscular injection are the qua-dri-chain-sy, delta and buttocks, namely the upper outer quarter. If the drug is in the bottle, then you need to pull the plunger of the syringe so that the syringe contains a place equal to the injection volume, then the syringe is inserted into the bottle, you release the air, turn the bottle over, take the active substance a little more than is needed for the injection, knock on the syringe and the resulting bubbles release but in a fl-con. If the drug is in an ampoule, then it is wiped with alcohol, the throat is drunk, and then the drug is taken, after which the air is removed and an injection is made. Before the injection, the injection site is wiped with alcohol, then the drug is injected and again against it with alcohol, the needle and syringe are thrown away, since each injection is de-la-et- Xia new on-bo-rum syringe and needles. Important* the length of the syringe should be 60mm, and the diameter-meter should be 0.8-1.0mm.

Subcutaneous: it is very easy to perform these injections, but it is very important to do them with special syringes, because otherwise you can kill yourself. For subcutaneous injection, a needle 25mm long and 0.6mm in diameter is used. Injections are made into the outer surface of the shoulder, the subscapularis, the antero-outer surface of the thigh, the lateral surface of the abdominal wall and the lower part of the axillary region. To insert the needle under the skin, it is necessary to collect it in a fold, then insert the needle at an angle of 45 °, perform the injection and pull the needle out of the fold. Do not re-com-me-do-oo into the same injection site, since there is a possibility that the drug could dissolve poorly, because of what At the site of the previous injection, a seal formed, that's why it's just a few places for injections.

Other: these are intradermal, intraosseous, intra-arterial and other injections, which are not recommended in principle. They need to be set by a specialist, in exceptional cases and for specific tasks, therefore they should be considered from-del-no-sense-len- but.

Side effects of injections

Embolism Is the most common side effect, which is a consequence of an incorrectly performed injection. In fact, an embolism is a pa-to-lo-gi-ches-kim process, due to the presence of particles in the blood or lymph, which should not be there. As a consequence of injections, it can be formed due to the fact that not all the air has been removed from the syringe, which is why it is so important to remove it. And, although this side effect is more common with injections into a vein, nevertheless, it is necessary to follow the removal of air from the syringe at least for that , in order to min-no-mi-zi-ro-vat sick-n-ny sensations from the prick-la.

Other side effects Are any side effects, which may be the result of inappropriate injections, or an incorrectly selected medicine, or an inappropriate le-car-st. Side effects can be very diverse, from a puncture of a vein, to an allergy, that's why it makes no sense to consider them separately. But it should be borne in mind that there may be some side-by-side, that's why, if a bump has appeared at the injection site, or you feel some kind of pain, then this is a sure sign contact ambulance, and do not be patient until le-tal-but-go-go-yes.

Purpose: therapeutic, prophylactic
Indications: determined by the doctor
The subcutaneous injection is deeper than the intradermal injection and is performed to a depth of 15 mm.

The subcutaneous tissue has a good blood supply, so the drugs are absorbed and act faster. Maximum effect subcutaneously injected medication usually comes after 30 minutes.
Injection sites for subcutaneous injection: upper third of the outer surface of the shoulder, back (subscapularis), anterolateral surface of the thigh, lateral surface of the abdominal wall.
Prepare equipment:
- soap, individual towel, gloves, mask, skin antiseptic (for example: Lisanin, AHD-200 Special)
- an ampoule with a medicinal product, a file for opening an ampoule
- sterile tray, waste material tray
- a disposable syringe with a volume of 2 - 5 ml, (a needle with a diameter of 0.5 mm and a length of 16 mm is recommended)
- cotton balls in 70% alcohol
- first aid kit "Anti - HIV", as well as containers with disinfectant. solutions (3% solution of chloramine, 5% solution of chloramine), rags

Preparation for manipulation:
1. Explain to the patient the purpose, the course of the upcoming manipulation, get the patient's consent to perform the manipulation.
2. Treat your hands to a hygienic level.
3.Help the patient in the desired position.

Algorithm for performing a subcutaneous injection:
1. Check the expiration date and the tightness of the syringe package. Open the packaging, collect the syringe and place it in a sterile patch.
2. Check the expiration date, title, physical properties and the dosage of the drug. Check with the assignment sheet.
3. Take 2 cotton balls with alcohol with sterile tweezers, process and open the ampoule.
4. Draw the required amount of the drug into the syringe, release the air and place the syringe in a sterile patch.
5. Place 3 cotton balls with sterile tweezers.
6. Put on gloves and treat with a ball in 70% alcohol, discard the balls in the waste tray.
7. Spread centrifugally (or in the direction from bottom to top) with the first ball in alcohol a large area skin, treat the puncture site directly with the second ball, wait until the skin dries from the alcohol.
8. Dump the balls into the waste tray.
9. With your left hand, grasp the skin at the injection site into the warehouse.
10. Bring the needle under the skin at the base of the skin fold at an angle of 45 degrees to the skin surface with a cut to a depth of 15 mm or 2/3 of the length of the needle (depending on the length of the needle, the indicator may be different); index finger; hold the cannula of the needle with your index finger.
11. Move the hand holding the fold to the plunger and insert slowly medicine, try not to transfer the syringe from hand to hand.
12. Remove the needle, while continuing to hold it by the cannula, hold the puncture site with a sterile cotton swab moistened with alcohol. Place the needle in a special container; if a disposable syringe is used, break the needle and cannula of the syringe; take off your gloves.
13. Make sure the patient is comfortable, take the 3 ball away from him and guide the patient.

Often, medical necessity requires the introduction of drugs into the body as quickly as possible or directly into the blood. This is necessary to achieve a faster, higher-quality effect, to avoid harm and stress on digestive system or if it is impossible to administer the drug by other means (for example, orally). The most simple and effective way with this approach, any physician will call an injection - that is, the introduction of drugs into the body using a hollow needle. To many, this process will seem painful and barbaric, remember the bad experience of very painful injections. However, observing all the rules for performing vaccinations, you can save yourself from pain, or from unpleasant side effects.

If possible, vaccinate at treatment room Your clinic. If this is not possible, consult your doctor in detail about the nuances of the procedure.

People who are far from medicine or simply from going to clinics often mistakenly believe that the types of injections are limited to two: into a vein in the arm or buttock. In fact, there are six of them, and they are classified on the basis of not at all from the place where the injection was made:

intravenous injection is the most common injection that directly injects the drug into the bloodstream. In addition, all types of droppers are given by the intravenous method, with rare exceptions;
intramuscular - the most popular method of drug administration, which is due to its simplicity. The injection and the introduction of the drug is carried out into the muscle tissue, where it is easiest to get;
subcutaneous is a slightly more complex procedure that requires minimal concentration and skill. The needle is inserted into the subcutaneous fat layer, where there are many thin blood vessels;
intradermal - an injection that does not provide for the wide distribution of the drug through the blood, in order to local anesthesia or diagnostics. Not everyone can make such an injection - the thinnest needle is inserted into the stratum corneum of the skin, a very strict dosage;
intraosseous - used only for special cases(anesthesia, patients with high degree obesity) only by qualified personnel;
intra-arterial - an even rarer type of injection, very difficult, often dangerous with complications. Produced during resuscitation.

The article will describe in detail the rules only the first three type of injection - the rest should only be done by qualified medical staff, and the need to do them is extremely rare.

The most important principle of any medical procedure, not excluding vaccinations - sterility. Careless attitude or unsanitary conditions can often cause pathogens to enter the injection site, or even along with it. This not only does not contribute to recovery, but can also lead to serious complications... Therefore, before the injection, the pricker's hands should be thoroughly washed, the injection site should be treated with alcohol, and the syringe and needle should be sterile (disposable at best).

After use, be sure to discard the syringe, needle and ampoule from under the drug, and Consumables with the help of which the processing was carried out.

All types of injections have many small nuances and their own technique. Unfortunately, even in hospitals, the comfort and health of patients is often neglected, not adhering to necessary rules procedures or using the wrong needles. Below are small reminders that will minimize painful sensations and the risk of complications from common types of medical injections.

Everyone has seen scenes in feature films where the heroes injected something in their own veins. This is possible, but highly discouraged. Observe sterility and all conditions for high-quality intravenous injection one is unlikely to succeed, so it is worth enlisting someone's support. In addition to the person and the medicine itself, you will need:

disposable, hermetically sealed syringe of the required volume;
sterile needle 0.8, 0.9 or 1.1 mm thick;
rubber venous tourniquet;
any antiseptic, cotton wool or clean rags;
optional: elbow pad, rubber gloves.

Be careful! At the time of drug administration, there should be no air bubbles in the syringe!

First of all, the patient should be seated or laid down - it is not uncommon for people to faint during vaccinations from fear of pain or blood. It is recommended to put a small pillow or just a rolled rag under the elbow, this will provide a more complete extension of the arm and additional comfort. We put a tourniquet just above the shoulder (preferably over a clean cloth or clothing). We ask the patient to clench and unclench his fist, during which it is possible to fill the syringe with a solution of the medicine, having previously washed and treated his hands with an antiseptic. It is important to make sure that there is no air in the syringe and needle: to do this, squeeze a few milliliters of medicine from the syringe, pointing it up with the needle. After that, we find the most convenient for penetration of the needle, and slightly stretch the skin at the site of inoculation downward, towards the hand. To do this with the right hand, free from the syringe, it additionally fixes the patient's limb, clenched into a fist.

Try to warm the drug to a temperature before vaccinations. human body in the hands or warm water- this will reduce discomfort from vaccination.

We take the syringe in the hand closer to front edge so that the point of the needle is down and the cut is up. Pressing the needle with your finger, pierce the vein and skin at the same time, introducing the needle to a third of its entire length. In this case, the needle is practically parallel to the vein itself, a deviation of several degrees is allowed. A sign that the needle has got into the vein can be its slight advance, the appearance of blood in the syringe and line of sight (it is permissible to slightly move the inserted needle to make sure that it has got to where it needs to be). A little blood should be drawn into the syringe by pulling the plunger towards you. If everything is done correctly, the tourniquet must be removed, and the patient must be asked to work with his fist again. Only now you can slowly inject the drug, pull out the syringe, holding the skin at the injection site with a cotton swab moistened with alcohol.

Intramuscular way

Much more simple technique the introduction of vaccinations, here you will not need to get anywhere and aim - it is always easy to find muscle tissue on the human body, at least on the buttock. We will analyze this type of injection. It will take a little:

A couch, a trestle bed or a comfortable straight-shaped sofa to give the patient a horizontal position;
a syringe and a needle with a diameter of at least 1.4 mm, but not more than 1.8 (it is important to keep in mind that in the presence of an impressive subcutaneous fat layer, a needle of a larger diameter and longer length will be needed);
disinfectants;

First of all, the patient will need to lie on his stomach on a trestle bed or couch and free the place for vaccinations from his clothes. Followed by standard procedure process the injection site and hands, open a disposable syringe and draw up the required amount of medication and proceed with the operation. The needle should be inserted into the upper right quadrant of the buttock (visually divided into four parts of a horizontal and vertical line to make four parts), strictly perpendicular to the skin. After the injection of the medication, the needle can be pulled out by immediately applying an alcohol-coated cotton swab for a few minutes. It should be remembered that the drug must be warmed up, and the introduction should be carried out very smoothly - then the patient will receive much less painful sensations.

Subcutaneous administration

Also, a method that is not difficult for an attentive person - the drug is injected into the subcutaneous fat layer, to a depth of no more than one and a half centimeters. The most comfortable places are considered: the space under the scapula, the outer part of the shoulder, outer side hips, axillary area... A needle with a diameter of 0.6 mm is best suited for this type of procedure. As usual, the first step is to disinfect the selected injection site. After, the skin is collected by a fold with a hand free from a syringe. The needle is injected with water at an angle of 30-45 ° relative to the skin surface by 1-1.5 cm, then the medicine is injected into body fat.

Any type of vaccination will be much more painless if you warm the drug with your hands just before administration.

People who have no idea what vaccines, injections, needles and so on are, often make the same mistakes. Due to non-observance of the technique of performing medical vaccinations, it is possible at best - to bring the patient very unpleasant painful sensations, at worst - to give way to serious complications. Follow the injection rules and such troubles as abscess, painful papules, hematomas, will bypass you!

Each person has to deal with one or another disease. In the treatment of pathology, they are often prescribed medications... They can be in the form of tablets, suspensions, rectal suppositories etc. However, more quick way effects on the body - an injection. This article will tell you how the execution (algorithm) is carried out. Also you will learn the features this method treatment and places for the introduction of a particular drug.

Why is a subcutaneous injection done?

The algorithm of action will be described below, but first it is worth saying what this manipulation is for. The thing is that there is a mass of blood vessels in the subcutaneous fat layer. Falling into this zone, medicinal product is quickly absorbed and begins to act. Intramuscular or intramuscular solutions are also quite effective. However, some drugs, such as oil medicines, are not allowed to be used in this way.

Where to inject the medicine?

The subcutaneous injection technique (algorithm) involves injecting the drug into the fold. In this case, the zone of the shoulder, abdomen, buttocks, thighs or other areas is selected. Often the injection is placed in the scapular region. This method is especially often used for adults.

If we study the statistics, we can conclude that performing a subcutaneous injection (the algorithm will be described below) is most often carried out in the shoulder area. This is the method used by most nurses.

Injection

The subcutaneous injection algorithm has several points. Before introducing the drug, you should carefully read each of them. Never administer a medicine that is past its expiration date. Use only medicines that have been tested or prescribed by your doctor.

The algorithm for setting a subcutaneous injection involves the presence of some means. You must have a sterile syringe, medicine, a few cotton balls, an alcohol solution, or Be sure to take into account the composition of the medication. Insulin and oil solutions are administered in a slightly different way than conventional liquid medicine. So, let's find out how the subcutaneous injection is performed (algorithm).

First step: sterilization

First you need to open the ampoule and syringe. But before that, you must wash your hands thoroughly. The best way to do this is to use antibacterial soap or a special disinfectant gel. Otherwise, you may introduce germs into or into the injection solution.

When your hands are cleaned, you need to wipe the ampoule. To do this, moisten a cotton ball with alcohol or a special solution and carefully wipe the end of the glass container. If mixing of the compositions is required, then it is worth treating each surface that the syringe will touch.

Second step: opening the syringe and preparing the solution

When all surfaces and your hands are sterile, you need to open the syringe. To do this, tear upper part paper packaging and remove the device. Open the ampoule with the medicine as carefully as possible. Remember that such glass can crumble.

Open the syringe needle and insert it into the ampoule. Pull the plunger up and draw up the solution. Mix the components if necessary. Remember that different medicines cannot be mixed, they must be administered separately. It is better to choose different zones on the body for this.

When the solution is in the syringe, you need to release air from it. To do this, tap the instrument with your fingernail and collect all the bubbles at the top of the medicine. After that, slowly push the plunger so that the air comes out of the syringe. Now close the needle and proceed to the next preparation step.

Third step: preparing additional funds

Soak two cotton balls in an alcohol solution. You will need them to process your leather. It is also worth preparing a sterile ball in advance to complete the injection. Place all the cutlery on the bowl and place it next to you.

Treat the selected area alcohol solution and wait until the surface is completely dry.

Fourth step: drug administration

The algorithm for subcutaneous injection to a child or adult involves the introduction of the drug to a depth of one and a half centimeters. To do this, you need to insert the needle about two thirds.

Gather the skin with two fingers of your right hand. Take the syringe to the left. Forefinger should fit snugly against the base of the needle. Insert the syringe under your skin. In this case, the injection site should be at the base of the fold. Next, you need to quickly move right hand from the skin to the piston. Inject the medicine without removing the left limb from the base of the needle. When the medicine runs out, apply an alcohol-treated cotton ball to the puncture site and disinfect it. Remember not to press or rub the injection site.

Remove the alcohol-soaked cotton ball from the injection site. Then apply a dry, sterile bandage or cotton wool. This is to avoid scalding. It is especially important to carry out these manipulations on children's delicate and sensitive skin.

Features of the introduction of oil solutions

The algorithm for performing subcutaneous injection with drugs having an oily composition is practically the same as that described above. However, before injecting the solution, be sure to make sure that you do not accidentally get into the vessel. Otherwise, clogging of the channels may occur. In particular severe cases suffocation ensues, and then death.

After preparing the solution and inserting the needle under the skin, pull the plunger towards you. You shouldn't do it too actively. Try to work slowly and carefully. If blood does not flow into the syringe, then everything has been done correctly and you can safely inject the drug. When you see drops of blood at the base of the needle, you should change the puncture site. Remember that it is better to inject oil medicines into medical institutions... Only there you will be provided with qualified assistance in case of complications.

Features of insulin administration

Most often, these subcutaneous injections are performed in the abdomen. However, it is not forbidden to put such injections in the thighs, arms and other areas. The drug can be administered in an amount of no more than two milliliters. Moreover, each next injection should be located about three centimeters from the previous one. It is better to choose a separate zone altogether. Otherwise, the patient may develop scars and bruises on the body.

Insulin syringes have a fairly short needle. That is why when using of this device it is worth inserting his needle completely. So, hold its base with your finger and insert it all the way. Insulin devices most often have a capacity of up to one milliliter. If you need more medicine then use alternative means.

Features of performing a conventional subcutaneous injection

For such an injection, you should choose a syringe with a thin needle. Remember, the smaller it is in diameter, the more painless the procedure will pass... Do not inject more than 1-2 milliliters of the drug at a time. This can lead to the formation of bumps and bruises. If this has already happened, then it is worth taking measures to eliminate the pathology. The most commonly used compresses are magnesia or

Summing up and a little conclusion

You now know what a subcutaneous injection is. The order of the procedure must always be followed. Only in this case the effect of the treatment will come, and you can avoid complications. If you have never experienced the introduction of the drug subcutaneously, then you should trust a professional. Remember that with the wrong treatment, not only may not relief come, but there is also the possibility of consequences. Give the injections correctly and be always healthy!