Japan is an island state, on whose territory there is practically no oil or natural gas, as well as many other minerals or natural resources that have any value other than wood. It is one of the world's largest importers of coal, liquefied natural gas and the second largest importer of oil.
Titanium and mica are among the few resources Japan has.
- Titanium is an expensive metal prized for its strength and lightness. It is mainly used in jet engines, air frames, rocketry and space equipment.
- Mica sheet is used in electronic and electrical equipment processes.
History remembers the days when Japan was a leading producer of copper. Today its huge mines in Ashio, central Honshu and Bessi on Shikoku have been depleted and closed. The reserves of iron, lead, zinc, bauxite and other ores are negligible.
Geological exploration recent years discovered a large number of places potentially rich in minerals. All of them are located within the continental plume belonging to Japan. Scientists prove that these underwater deposits contain large amounts of gold, silver, manganese, chromium, nickel and others. heavy metals used for the production of various types of alloys. Among other things, vast reserves of methane were discovered, the production of which is able to meet the country's demand for 100 years.
Forest resources
The area of Japan is about 372.5 thousand km2, while about 70% of the entire territory is forests. It ranks 4th in the world in terms of the ratio of forest cover to area after Finland and Laos.
Due to the climatic conditions in the country rising sun deciduous and coniferous forests predominate. It should be noted that some of them are planted artificially.
Despite the abundance of timber in the country, due to the historical and cultural characteristics of the nation, Japan often imports timber to other countries.
Land resources
Japan is considered to be highly cultured and technologically developed country, but, as not agrarian. Perhaps the only crop that gives good yields is rice. They are also trying to grow other grains - barley, wheat, sugar, legumes, etc., but they are not able to provide the country's consumer capacity even by 30%.
Water resources
Mountain streams, merging into waterfalls and rivers, provide the land of the rising sun not only drinking water but also electricity. Most of these rivers are rough, which makes it possible to place hydroelectric power stations on them. The main waterways of the archipelago include rivers:
- Shinano;
- Tone;
- Mimi;
- Gokase;
- Yoshino;
- Tiguko.
Do not forget about the waters washing the shores of the state - the Sea of Japan on the one hand and the Pacific Ocean on the other. Thanks to them, the country has become a leader in the export of sea fish.
Territory- 377.8 thousand km 2
Population- 125.2 million people (1995).
Capital- Tokyo.
Geographical location, general information
Japan- an archipelago country, located on four large and almost four thousand small islands, stretching for 3.5 thousand km from northeast to southwest along the eastern coast of Asia. The largest islands are Honshu, Hokaido, Kyushu and Shikoku. The shores of the archipelago are heavily indented and form many bays and coves. The seas and ocean washing Japan are of exceptional importance for the country as a source of biological, mineral and energy resources.
The economic and geographical position of Japan is determined primarily by the fact that it is located in the center of the Asia-Pacific region, which contributes to the country's active participation in the international geographical division of labor.
For a long period, Japan was isolated from other countries. After the unfinished bourgeois revolution of 1867-1868. she embarked on the path of rapid capitalist development. At the turn of the XIX - XX centuries. became one of the imperialist states.
Japan is a country with a constitutional monarchy. Supreme body state power and the only legislative body is parliament.
Natural conditions and resources of Japan
The geological basis of the archipelago is underwater mountain ranges. About 80% of the territory is occupied by mountains and hills with highly dissected relief medium height 1600 - 1700 m. There are about 200 volcanoes, 90 - active, including the highest peak - Mount Fuji (3776 m). Frequent earthquakes and tsunamis also have a significant impact on the Japanese economy.
The country is poor in minerals, but there is mining coal, lead and zinc ores, oil, sulfur, limestone. The resources of its own deposits are small, so Japan is the largest importer of raw materials.
Despite the small area, the length of the country determined the existence of a unique complex of natural conditions on its territory: the island of Hokkaido and northern Honshu are located in a zone of temperate maritime climate, the rest of Honshu, the islands of Shikoku and Yushu are in a humid subtropical, and Ryukyu Island is in a tropical climate. Japan is in the active monsoon zone. The average annual rainfall ranges from 2 to 4 thousand mm.
About 2/3 of the territory is mainly mountainous areas covered with forests (more than half of the forests are artificial plantations). Coniferous forests dominate in northern Hokaido, mixed forests in central Honshu and southern Hokkaido, and subtropical forests in the south.
There are many rivers in Japan, full-flowing, fast, of little use for navigation, but providing a source for hydropower and irrigation.
The abundance of rivers, lakes and groundwater has a beneficial effect on the development of industry and Agriculture.
In the post-war period, the ecological problems... The adoption and implementation of a number of environmental laws reduces the country's pollution level.
Population of Japan
Japan is among the top ten countries in the world in terms of population. Japan became the first Asian country to move from the second to the first type of population reproduction. Now the birth rate is 12%, the death rate is 8%. Life expectancy in the country is the highest in the world (76 years for men and 82 years for women).
The population is nationally homogeneous, about 99% are Japanese. Other ethnic groups include Koreans and Chinese. The most common religions are Shinto and Buddhism. The population is unevenly distributed over the area. Average density - 330 people per m2, but coastal areas The Pacific are among the most populous in the world.
About 80% of residents live in cities. 11 cities are millionaires.
Economy of Japan
The growth rates of the Japanese economy were among the highest in the second half of the 20th century. The country has largely undergone a qualitative restructuring of the economy. Japan is at a post-industrial stage of development, which is characterized by a highly developed industry, but the leading sphere is the non-manufacturing sector (services, finance).
Although Japan is poor in natural resources and imports raw materials for most industries, it ranks 1-2 in the world in terms of the output of many industries. Industry is mainly concentrated within the Pacific industrial belt.
Power engineering mainly uses imported raw materials. In the structure of the raw material base, oil is in the lead, the share of natural gas, hydropower and nuclear power, the share of coal is decreasing.
In the electric power industry, 60% of the capacity comes from thermal power plants and 28% from nuclear power plants.
Hydroelectric power plants are located in cascades on mountain rivers. In terms of hydropower generation, Japan ranks 5th in the world. In resource-poor Japan, alternative energy sources are being actively developed.
Ferrous metallurgy. In terms of steel production, the country occupies the 1st place in the world. The share of Japan in the world market of ferrous metallurgy is 23%.
The largest centers, now operating almost entirely on imported raw materials and fuel, are located near Osaka, Tokyo, in Fujiyama.
Non-ferrous metallurgy. Due to the harmful effect on environment primary smelting of non-ferrous metals is decreasing, but factories are located in all large industrial centers.
Mechanical engineering. Provides 40% of industrial production. The main sub-sectors among the many developed in Japan are electronics and electrical engineering, the radio industry and transport engineering.
Japan firmly occupies the 1st place in the world in shipbuilding, specializing in the construction of large-capacity tankers and bulk carriers. The main centers of shipbuilding and ship repair are located in the largest ports (Yokogana, Nagosaki, Kobe).
In terms of car production (13 million units per year), Japan also ranks first in the world. The main centers are Toyota, Yokohama, Hiroshima.
The main enterprises of general mechanical engineering are located within the Pacific industrial belt - complex machine tool building and industrial robots in the Tokyo region, metal-intensive equipment in Osaka, machine tool building in the Nagai region.
The country's share in the world output of the radio-electronic and electrical engineering industry is exceptionally large.
By the level of development chemical industry in Japan is one of the first places in the world.
In Japan, pulp and paper, light and food industry.
Agriculture Japan remains an important industry, contributing about 2% of GNP; the industry employs 6.5% of the population. Agricultural production is focused on food production (the country provides 70% of its own needs in it).
13% of the territory is cultivated, in the structure of crop production (it gives 70% of agricultural production) the cultivation of rice and vegetables plays a leading role, horticulture is developed. Livestock breeding is intensively developing (breeding of large cattle, pig breeding, poultry farming).
Due to the exceptional location, there is an abundance of fish and seafood in the diet of the Japanese, the country fishes in all regions of the World Ocean, has more than three thousand fishing ports and has the largest fishing fleet (over 400 thousand vessels).
Japan transport
All types of transport are developed in Japan, with the exception of river and pipeline transport. In terms of the volume of cargo transportation, the first place belongs to road transport (60%), the second place is to sea transport. Role railway transport is shrinking, while air travel is growing. Due to very active foreign economic relations, Japan has the largest merchant fleet in the world.
The territorial structure of the economy is characterized by a combination of two different parts: Pacific belt, which is the socio-economic core of the country, because here are the main industrial areas, ports, transport routes and developed agriculture, and the peripheral zone, which includes areas where the most developed timber harvesting, animal husbandry, mining, hydropower and tourism. Despite the implementation of the regional policy, the smoothing of territorial disparities is proceeding rather slowly.
External economic relations of Japan
Japan actively participates in the MGRT, the leading place is international trade, the export of capital, production, scientific and technical and other ties are also developed.
The share of Japan in world imports is about 1/10. Mainly raw materials and fuel are imported.
The country's share in world exports is also more than 1/10. Manufactured goods account for 98% of exports.
Area - 372.8 thousand km2. Population - 127.5 million people
Constitutional monarchy - 47 prefectures. The capital is. Tokyo
EGP
... Japan is an island nation. Most of the territory of the state is located on the islands. Hokkaido ,. Honshu ,. Kyushu and. Shikoku, which are washed by the seas. The Pacific Ocean. In addition, it owns about 7 thousand more small islands.
V. Japan is geographically closest is. Russia,. South. Korea,. DPRK ,. China,. Taiwan. Neighboring states are very different in terms of political systems and economic potential. South. Korea and. Taiwan is the first wave of emerging industries with strong performance economic development... China and. The DPRK are socialist countries, however. China combines command-and-control and market-based economic models. Japan is an active member
UN,. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development ,. Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation
The country is located near rich mineral resources. China and. Russia, what is for. Japan is very important important to. Japan's "pantry" of minerals -. Australia, located on a comfortable sea port. Yahah v. Country. Ascendant to descend.
Japan is the center of economic development not only for the region, but also for the world. Most of the neighboring countries are dynamically developing and have significant resource and economic potential and, over time, naturally played and thus a leading role in the world.
Population
In Japan, a type of population reproduction was formed, characteristic features which are low birth rates (9 per 1000 people), low annual population growth (0.2%), the process of "aging of the nation" (average life expectancy - 81 years). Country first in. Asia has made a demographic transition from the traditional type of population reproduction and approached the state of stabilization of the population. Small size and migration (migration balance at the beginning of the third millennium is close to 00).
The Japanese make up 99.4% of the population of the state. They belong to the Mongoloid race. The Japanese language forms a separate language family, because they are completely different from the languages of neighboring peoples. In the north in. Hokkaido is home to a small (about 20 thousand people) aboriginal people. Japan - the Ainu. The main religions are Shinto and Buddhism-Buddhism.
Japan is a densely populated country (about 337 people per km2). The population density is especially high in the southern coastal regions in. Honshu and in the north at. Kyushu - more than 500 people per 1 km2. In mountainous regions and in the north of the country, the population density is 60 people per 1 km2.
... Japan is one of the most urbanized countries in the world - 78% of the population lives in cities... There are ten millionaire cities in the country. Three largest metropolitan areas. Japan are merging into the largest metropolis. Tokkaido with a population of over 600 km
Employed about 66 million of the economically active population (52%). Of these, in industry - more than 25%, agriculture - 5% and about 70% in the service sector. For. Japan is characterized by a relatively small number of unemployed (1.3 million people).
Natural conditions and resources
Japan is poor in mineral resources. Only bituminous coal, insignificant reserves of oil, gas, non-ferrous metal ores (copper, lead, arsenic, bismuth, zinc) are of industrial importance. The chemical industry uses its own sulfur, the construction industry uses dolomite, gypsum, limestone. The needs of most types of mineral raw materials are met by imports: oil and gas - 99%, coal - 90%, copper - 3/4, iron ore - 99.9%, more than half - lead and zinc.
Rivers in. In Japan, their mountain resources are mainly used for irrigation and for generating electricity. An important source drinking water are numerous small lakes
Forests cover 63% of the territory. Japan. Coniferous, deciduous and subtropical forests prevail. However, our own forest resources are also not enough to meet the production needs!
Japan is a mountainous country. Mountains occupy over 3/5 of the territory. In many places they come very close to the sea. Above the central part of V. Honshu is a volcano. Fujiyama (3776 m). The most plains of the races located in the central part of the island. Honshu (plain. Kanto) they are crossed by numerous irrigation canals. The difficult terrain makes it necessary to build numerous underground transport tunnels. The marriage of lowland lands makes it difficult to reclaim land in the bays for the development of large coastal local towns.
A characteristic feature of natural conditions. Japan has a high seismicity. Sometimes earthquakes cause the appearance of huge waves - tsunamis
... The climate is subtropical, monsoon, on. Hokkaido - Moderate... In summer there is a southeastern monsoon, characterized by a predominance of hot and humid air. The winter northwest monsoon causes intense snowfall. Precipitation here falls from 1000 to 3000 mm per rerik.
agroclimatic. Japan is located in a humid zone of temperate (favorable for growing rye, barley, winter wheat, potatoes, legumes) and subtropical (citrus, tobacco, rice) belts
The base for tourism and recreation is nature and distinctive cultural heritage
The purpose of the lesson: to assess Japan's endowment with natural conditions and resources.
Equipment: physical and economic maps of Japan, atlases, contour maps of Japan.
repeat the section on Japan from the Physical Geography of the Continents and General Economic Geography.
1. Using a physical map of Japan to answer the questions:
Name the largest islands on which Japan is located, highlighting the largest;
To assess the country's relief from the point of view of transport development.
Name highest peak Japan;
Where is the largest plain in Japan, what is it called?
Assess the agro-climatic conditions of the country;
What is economic value seas washing the shores of Japan, as well as inland water resources?
What do you know about the artificial territories of the country?
To assess the supply of minerals in Japan;
tell about the problem of the "Northern Territories" (questions are given to students in advance, the lesson is held in the form of a seminar)
Japan turned out to be the first country in Asia in which there was a demographic transition from the second to the first type of population reproduction.
Lesson 23.
Geography of the population of Japan.
The purpose of the lesson: to reveal distinctive features the population of Japan from other highly developed countries.
Equipment: wall economic map of Japan, atlas maps, textbook, ed. Maksakovsky V.P.
Homework assignment: find additional literature on the characteristics of the Japanese population: clothing, family, nutrition, education, etc.
Classroom assignments:
Taking advantage of study guide ed. Maksakovsky V.P. and table number 1 (appendix):
1. Analyze the natural movement of the population of Japan from 1950 to 2012.
Create a table according to the sample:
Prove that the country has passed from the second type of population reproduction to the first type.
2. Mark urban agglomerations on a contour map:
a). Keihin (cities: Tokyo, YOKOGAMA, Kawasaki, Chiba) - the number of approximately 27 million people.
b). Hanshin (cities: Osaka, Kyoto, Kobe) - about 25 million people.
v). Chukyo (cities: Nagoya suburbs) - population of approximately 10 million.
G). biennium Kitakyushu-Fukuoka - number of 3 million people
e). Sapporo - 2 million people
Mark the metropolis "Tokaido" ("east coast road") with an arbitrary line and characterize it.
3. Using the tutorial, ed. Maksakovsky V.P. (p. 235) analyze the dynamics of urban and rural population Japan. Draw conclusions.
Interview questions:
1. Tell about Japanese traditions.
2. What are the features of education in Japan?
3. Tokyo is the most Big city the world.
Modern Japan is one of the generally recognized leaders of the world economy. In terms of such indicators as GDP, technological level of production, labor productivity, foreign exchange reserves and many others, it is ahead of many countries of the world.
In the world market, Japan is a supplier of products of complex science-intensive industries, modern construction materials.
Lesson 24.
Placement of industries in Japan.
The purpose of the lesson: consider the location of industries in Japan, analyze the dynamics of production of the main types of industrial products.
Equipment: geographical maps, wall economic map of Japan, statistical collection "Russia and the countries of the world" - M, Rosstat, 2014; "Geographical picture of the world" - the second book, ed. Maksakovsky V.P., -M., Bustard, 2004
using additional literature and periodicals, find new facts about industries in Japan.
1Analyze the dynamics of growth in electricity generation from 1950 to 2012. Make a conclusion. Calculate electricity production per capita.
(billion kWh)
2. Using the tutorial " Geographic Maps world "mark on the contour map:
NPP: Fukushima (capacity - 8.8 million kW). The largest in the world.
Takahama (3.4 million kW)
The share of electricity generation at nuclear power plants - 29.8% (2004)
TPP: Kashima, Sodegaura, Anegasaki, Himeji (3-4 million kW each)
Share of electricity generation at TPPs - 60% (2004)
3. Analyze the dynamics of steel smelting from 1950 to 2012. Draw conclusions. Explain the reasons for the decline in production in the 80s.
(million tons)
4. Mark the centers of ferrous metallurgy on a contour map: Kitakyushu, Fukuyama, Kimitsu, Muroran, Hiroshima, Nagoya, Tokyo, Yokohama, Osaka.
Use arrows to show the import of coking coal, iron ore, scrap metal (see "The Geographical Picture of the World" edited by V.P. Maksakovsky (p. 244).
Using the maps of the atlas, the textbook "Geographical picture of the world" (pp. 244-246), lecture material, mark the centers of Japan's mechanical engineering on a contour map, highlighting shipbuilding, automotive and electronics (highlight independently).
Interview questions:
1. To highlight the priority industries in Japan.
2. Give examples modern achievements in these industries.
Lesson 25.
Internal differences in Japan.
The purpose of the lesson: study the economic zoning of Japan, highlight the specialization of each region.
Homework assignments: study the economic zoning of Japan according to the textbook "Socio-economic geography foreign world"Ed. Volsky V.V. and lecture material.
Classroom assignment:
1. On the outline map of Japan, sign the economic regions with major cities.
2. Be able to explain the economic specialization of each of them.
V administratively Japan is divided into 47 prefectures.
Historically, two parts of the country were formed and have big differences:
1 - "front" ("Pacific industrial belt") and 2 - "rear" - the rest of the country.
1- occupies 1/3 of the territory, 2/3 of the population is concentrated, 45 industrial and ½ agricultural products are produced, more than ¾ of trade and financial transactions are carried out.
3.groups economic regions:
I / Highly developed mixed-use areas of central Japan.
The main part of the industrial belt is located within them:
1. Kanto: 1/10 of the country's territory, ¼ of the population, more than ¼ of industrial products.
a). main industrial core - South Kanto (southern part of the Kanto plain) - 1/25 of the country's territory is home to ¼ and produces more than ¼ of industrial products and more than 1/3 of trade and financial transactions.
Agglomeration is located here Keikhin (7 thousand km - more than 26 million people)
Center - Tokyo
Cities: Yokohama, Kawasaki are the largest ports, Chiba is a diverse industry.
b). Northern Kanto - dominated by mechanical engineering (branches of Tokyo enterprises). The biggest a petrochemical and metallurgical plant in the country Kasima , center for atomic research Tokaimura.
v). Tosan- the western part of the Kanto region - Tokyo Power Base (HPP), silkworm breeding.
2. Kinki the second most important region of Japan. The textile industry, ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, mechanical engineering, chemical industry.
Kinki Plain - Region ancient culture, agriculture - they grow here the best varieties rye, vegetables, fruits. Livestock - meat and dairy, fishing, artificial pearl cultivation. Here is the agglomeration Hanshin (S- 4.5 thousand km, population more than 121 million people. Center-Osaka.
3.Tokai - between Kanto and Kinki along the transport axis.
Specialization: transport engineering (automobiles), petrochemicals, pulp and paper and textile industries.
The core of the district is the agglomeration Chukyo(approximately 5.5 million inhabitants).
Center - Nagoya. G. Toyota is a satellite town.
4.Hokuriku- the least developed of the central regions. A hydroelectric power station is located here.
Energy-intensive production: special steels, ferroalloys, aluminum, chemical industry.
On the coast of the Sea of Japan is the main rice granary.
Center - Niigata (twin city of Khabarovsk).
II. Regions of Southwest Japan:
1.Tyugoku. Center-Hiroshima (more than 200 thousand people were killed and wounded after the atomic bombing of 1945) - mechanical engineering, chemical industry and metallurgy.
Shimonoseki Port is the end of the Honshu and Kyushu underwater tunnel.
2.The island of Kyushu. Centers - Takayushu and Fukuoka (coal industry, metallurgy, petrochemical industry and mechanical engineering), Nagasaki. These three cities grow together in the agglomeration.
3.Shikoku Island non-ferrous metallurgy, petrochemistry, mechanical engineering. A promising area is inside the Sea of Japan.
Nihama - center of heavy engineering.
4.Ryukyu archipelago tropical agriculture and fishing. Okinawa Island - US military and military base.
III. Regions of Northern Japan:
1.Tohoku- North of Honshu Island: diverse natural resources. For a long time it was a rustic region, but now it is electrical engineering, pulp and paper, chemical industry. Center-Sendai.
2.Hokkaido- mining, metallurgy, timber, pulp and paper, food industry, fishing, petrochemistry. Grow: flax, beets, beans, potatoes, corn. Dairy farming.
Sapporo- center (port of Otaru). In 1972 there were the Olympic Games.
Muroran- the center of heavy metallurgy.
Tomakomaya- heavy industry (lawsuit Havan), pulp and paper, chemical industry
Topic 6: Economic and geographical characteristics of the countries of Western Europe .
At the world level, Western European countries are distinguished by a complex and generally unfavorable demographic situation: low birth rates and low natural population growth.
Demographic forecasts indicate that in the future, the problems of reproduction here are unlikely to become simpler, primarily due to a further increase in the average life expectancy of people and an increase in the proportion of older people.
Western Europe is the world's largest market for attracting labor.
It is this region that is home to urban agglomerations. At present, the number of agglomerations with a population of more than 1 million people is: in Germany - 8, in Great Britain and Italy - 4 each, in France - 3, in Spain - 2, in other countries - 1. The level of urbanization is 74%.
Japan is a small state, located entirely on the islands. Among them there are 4 large ones (Honshu, Hokkaido, Shikoku, Kyushu) and many small ones. Consider Japan's endowment with natural resources.
Brief introduction to the country
Japan is washed by several seas of the Pacific basin:
- Okhotsky.
- Japanese.
- East Chinese.
The entire territory of this country is located on numerous islands, some of which are of volcanic origin.
Climate and nature
Before making an economic assessment of the natural conditions and resources of Japan, let us characterize the climate of this country. It is diverse: the north is characterized by low temperatures, long winters. In the southeast, winters are mild, summers are hot, and there is a lot of rainfall.
On the coast of the Sea of Japan, snowfalls are plentiful in winter, and it is quite warm here in summer. The central part is characterized by sharp changes in temperature both in winter and summer, as well as day and night.
Volcanic eruptions, tsunamis, earthquakes are not uncommon in this state.
Minerals
We will begin our examination of Japan's natural resources with an acquaintance with the mineral deposits, of which there are not so many. Information about what resources are available in this unusual country, and what are absent, is presented in the table.
Interestingly, Japan, generally poor in minerals, is one of the world leaders in the extraction of iodine. On the territory of this country there are also medium-sized deposits of uranium, vanadium, lithium, titanium ores, very modest reserves of gold and silver ore.
Japan's natural resources include sands, limestones and pyrites, which have long been used in the production of world-famous Japanese steel. Surprisingly sharp blades for edged weapons were made from it.
To summarize - the mineral wealth is very diverse, but there are few of them, therefore, the minerals necessary for the development of industry have to be acquired abroad.
Forest riches
Consider natural conditions and resources of Japan. More than half of the area of this island state is occupied by forests, in which more than 2000 species of flora grow. What kind of plants are they?
- There are many mountains in Japan where pines, oaks and firs grow.
- A variety of conifers can be found in the north of the country.
- There are also tropical plants: ferns, palms, numerous fruit trees.
- The sweet potato is found on the territory of Ryukyu Island.
However, the country cannot fully provide itself with timber, so timber also has to be imported. Due to the development of agriculture, forest land has decreased, so trees had to be planted artificially.
The riches of the animal world
Speaking about the natural resources of Japan, it should be mentioned that this country is rich in various types of animals:
- Caress, raccoon dogs and ermines are found on the island of Hokkaido.
- A black bear can be seen on Honshu.
- In the south of the country, there is a black hare, an abundance of monkeys.
The seas are more than rich, there is a large number of commercial fish, crabs, mollusks. Algae are also abundant.
Earth
The next type of natural resources in Japan on which attention should be paid is soil. The country is completely covered with mountains, but agriculture is flourishing here, so the Japanese manage to almost completely meet their food needs. Only about 30% is imported, which is quite a high figure for a mountainous island state. What kind of soil is typical for Japan?
- Meadow-boggy and podzolic are inherent in the northern zones.
- Brown forest - in the south, in temperate regions.
- Red and yellow soils are common in the tropics and subtropics.
The Japanese grow rice, wheat, barley, different kinds vegetables. Often, the harvest is obtained twice a year.
Water wealth
On the territory of the country there is great amount small rivers, which are not suitable for navigation, but are actively used for irrigating agricultural plantings. Due to the fact that the rivers are mountainous and full-flowing, they become sources of hydropower. Also in Japan there are a lot of lakes and groundwater, which in general has a positive effect on the development of agriculture. The country is rich in mineral and thermal springs.
Water resources can bring many problems to the inhabitants of the country, since the frequent typhoons here are often accompanied by floods.
Modern developments
An assessment of Japan's natural resources allows us to note that this country is highly dependent on imports. So, it is necessary to import into it minerals and minerals, wood and even food. To reduce this dependence, the Japanese are working to create alternative sources of energy:
- Solar.
- One.
- Wind.
Such works are highly efficient. The country has all the makings for this: sunny days there are a lot of winds here every year, there are also enough rivers and lakes in Japan.
Despite the fact that the country is generally poor in natural resources, it is one of the strongest economic powers. The Japanese have learned how to effectively use the wealth that they have. The standard of living here is also very high, the average life expectancy is over 80 years, and infant mortality is minimal.
Geography and landscape features made Japan a country poor in natural resources. This, however, did not prevent her from becoming one of the world leaders. The Japanese buy everything necessary for the development of industry abroad, and also learn to use the wealth that is on the territory of the island state.
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