Rib cage in anatomy and structure forms a strong frame for reliable protection internal vital organs such as the heart and lungs. Physiological structure The human chest includes several types of bones. These are costal arches that are attached to the back spinal column, and in front to the sternum. This is one of the most important parts of the human skeleton.
This structure of the chest provides a certain mobility for the ribs. Between them are muscles, nerve endings and other important parts. anatomical skeleton, providing not only support and motor function. Due to the coordinated work of the intercostal muscles, a person has the ability to fully inhale and exhale.
Look at the structure of the human chest in the photo, which illustrates all the most important structural parts:
Features of the structure of the human skeleton and bones of the chest
Anatomical and topographical information gives an idea of the structural features of the chest, which is a unique articulation of bones. According to anatomical atlas, according to its bone structure, the human chest is a part of the body, the bone base of which is the thoracic vertebrae, ribs and sternum.
The structure of the chest skeleton is such that it consists of the thoracic spine and 12 pairs of ribs, the sternum and costal cartilages. Only the first 7 pairs of ribs reach the sternum; The VIII, IX and X ribs with their cartilages connect to the overlying rib and form a costal arch; The XI and XII ribs end freely. The connection of the manubrium with the body of the sternum usually occurs at a certain angle, open posteriorly (angle of Louis - angulus sterni seu Ludovici). This angle in the form of a roller is well defined on the sternum upon palpation (at the place of attachment of the cartilage of the second rib to the sternum), and in asthenic patients it is even visible. The bony wall of the chest, devoid of soft tissues, especially muscles, is a truncated cone, with a wide base facing abdominal cavity, and the tapering tip towards the neck.
Look at the structure of the chest in the photo, which illustrates the ribs and their attachment to the sternum and spine:
Sternum and ribs in the structure of the chest
Due to the special structure of the chest, the manubrium of the sternum articulates with the sternal ends of the clavicles and connects (without forming a joint) with the cartilages of the 1st and 2nd ribs. Body sternum has semilunar notches for III and. IV rib. The chest has 2 openings: upper and lower. The superior inlet (apertura thoracis superior) is formed by the 1st thoracic vertebra, 1st rib and the upper edge of the manubrium of the sternum. Due to the fact that the upper edge of the manubrium of the sternum together with the jugular notch (incisura jugularis sterni) is located approximately at the level of the lower surface of the body of the second thoracic vertebra, the virtual plane laid through the entrance to the chest descends in the anterior direction. Since the apex of the pleura and part upper lobes the lungs extend beyond the anterior border of the entrance to the chest, we can say that the chest cavity, in fact, extends to the neck.
Below, at the outlet of the chest, the position is opposite: the border of the outlet of the chest is indicated by a line running from the xiphoid process in both directions along the costal arches. Next this conditional line, in contact with the apex of the last three ribs, ends posteriorly at the spinous process of the XII thoracic vertebra. The exit from the chest is covered by the diaphragmatic muscle, part of which starts from the lower ribs. The two arches of the diaphragm with their apices face the pharyngeal cavity, thus, the abdominal organs are already located in the subdiaphragmatic (still protected by the Ribs) space.
The ribs in the structure of the chest are connected to the vertebrae at their posterior ends; from here they go outward, fixing in the region of the costal tubercle to the transverse processes, and then sharply curl anteriorly and downward, forming obtuse costal angles (angulus costae). In front (in the cartilaginous part) the ribs rise obliquely upward.
Muscles in the structure of the chest
WITH inside The ribs and intercostal muscles are lined with intrathoracic fascia (fascia endothoracica), to which the parietal pleura is closely adjacent. In addition to the intercostal muscles, the chest in its structure is covered with the following main muscle layers: large and small pectoral muscles, vastus, serratus and trapezius muscles. The intertwining teeth of the serratus anterior and external oblique muscles form a zigzag line on the lower-lateral surface of the chest wall - the Zherdi line - a relief jagged contour of the beginning of the anterior serratus muscle on the side of the chest.
At the lower end of the median sulcus, in the region of the substernal angle (angulus infrasternalis), there is an epigastric fossa (fossa epigastrica seu scrobiculus cordis). The depression or angle is divided by the xiphoid process, palpable in the depths, into the right and left costoxiphoid angles (angulus costoxiphoideus), which are laterally limited by the joint formed by the cartilage of the 7th rib and the sternum. Puncture of the deepest point of the pericardium is carried out by inserting a needle to a depth of approximately 1.5-2 cm precisely in the angulus costoxiphoideus - at Larrey's point. The chest wall is supplied with blood through the internal artery mammary gland, anterior and posterior intercostal arteries, as well as axillary. The chest wall is innervated by segmental spinal nerves(nervi intercostalis) and branches brachial plexus. The trapezius muscle in the structure of the chest is innervated by the accessory nerve of Willis - nervus Willisii.
Ribs , costae (Fig. 36-39), 12 pairs, are narrow, curved bone plates of varying lengths, symmetrically located on the sides of the thoracic spinal column.
In each rib, there is a longer bony part of the rib, os costale, a short cartilaginous part - costal cartilage, cartilago costalis, and two ends - the anterior one, facing the sternum, and the posterior one, facing the spinal column.
The bony part of the rib has a head, neck and body. The head of the rib, caput costae, is located at its vertebral end. It has the articular surface of the rib head, fades articularis capitis costae. This surface on the II-X ribs is divided by the horizontally running ridge of the rib head, crista capitis costae, into an upper, smaller, and lower, larger part, each of which respectively articulates with the costal fossae of two adjacent vertebrae.
The neck of the rib, collum costae, is the most narrowed and rounded part of the rib, bearing on the upper edge the crest of the neck of the rib, crista colli costae (ribs I and XII do not have this crest).
At the border with the body at the 10 upper pairs of ribs on the neck there is a small tubercle of the rib, tuberculum costae, on which there is an articular surface of the tubercle of the rib, fades articularis tuberculi costae, articulating with the transverse costal fossa of the corresponding vertebra.
A costotransverse foramen, foramen costotransversarium, is formed between the posterior surface of the rib neck and the anterior surface of the transverse process of the corresponding vertebra (see Fig. 44).
The body of the rib, corpus costae, extending from the tubercle to the sternal end of the rib, is the longest section of the bony part of the rib. At some distance from the tubercle, the body of the rib, bending strongly, forms the angle of the rib, angulus costae. At the 1st rib (see Fig. 36, A) it coincides with the tubercle, and on the remaining ribs the distance between these formations increases (up to the 11th rib); the body of the XII edge does not form an angle. The body of the rib is flattened throughout. This allows us to distinguish two surfaces in it: the inner, concave, and the outer, convex, and two edges: the upper, rounded, and the lower, sharp. On the inner surface along the lower edge there is a rib groove, sulcus costae (see Fig. 37), where the intercostal artery, vein and nerve lie. The edges of the ribs describe a spiral, so the rib is twisted around its long axis.
At the anterior sternal end of the bony part of the rib there is a pit with a slight roughness; The costal cartilage is attached to it.
The costal cartilages, cartilagines costales (there are also 12 pairs of them), are a continuation of the bony parts of the ribs. From the 1st to the 2nd ribs they gradually lengthen and connect directly to the sternum. The upper 7 pairs of ribs are the true ribs, costae verae, the lower ones
5 pairs of ribs - lozpt ribs, costat spurn, a
The XI and XII ribs are oscillating ribs, costae fluitantes. The cartilages of the VIII, IX and X ribs do not directly approach the sternum, but each of them joins the cartilage of the overlying rib. The cartilages of the XI and XII ribs (sometimes X) do not reach the sternum and with their cartilaginous ends lie freely in the muscles of the abdominal wall.
Some features have two first and two last pairs of edges. The first rib, costa prima (I) (see Fig. 36, A), is shorter but wider than the others, has almost horizontally located upper and lower surfaces (instead of the outer and inner ones of the other ribs). On the upper surface of the rib, in the anterior section, there is a tubercle of the anterior scalene muscle, tuberculum t. scaleni anterioris (place of attachment of this muscle). Outside and posterior to the tubercle lies a shallow groove subclavian artery, sulcus a. subclaviae (a trace of the artery of the same name lying here, a. subclavia), behind which there is a small roughness (the place of attachment of the middle scalenus muscle, m. scalenus medius). Anterior and medial to the tubercle there is a faint groove subclavian vein, sulcus v. subclaviae. The articular surface of the head of the first rib is not divided by a ridge; the neck is long and thin; the costal angle coincides with the tubercle of the rib.
The second rib, costa secunda (II) (see Fig. 36, B), has a roughness on the outer surface - the tuberosity of the serratus anterior muscle, tuberositas m. serrati anterioris (place of attachment of the tooth of the specified muscle).
The eleventh and twelfth ribs, costa XI et costa XII (see Fig. 39), have articular surfaces of the head that are not separated by a ridge. On the XI rib, the angle, neck, tubercle and costal groove are weakly expressed, and on the XII they are absent.
Sternum
The sternum, sternum (Fig. 40, 41), is an unpaired bone of an elongated shape with a somewhat convex anterior surface and a correspondingly concave posterior surface. The sternum occupies a section of the anterior wall of the chest. It distinguishes the manubrium, body and xiphoid process. All these three parts are connected to each other by cartilaginous layers, which ossify with age.
The manubrium sterni, the widest part, thick at the top, thinner and narrower at the bottom, has a jugular notch on the upper edge, incisura jugularis, easily palpable through the skin. On the sides of the jugular notch are the clavicular notches, incimrae claviculam, the places of articulation of the sternum with the sternal ends of the clavicles.
Somewhat lower, on the lateral edge, is the notch of the 1st rib, incisura costalis I, the place of fusion with the cartilage of the 1st rib. Even lower there is a small depression - the upper section of the costal notch of the second rib; the lower portion of this notch is located on the body of the sternum.
The body of the sternum, corpus sterni, is almost 3 times longer than the manubrium, but narrower. The body of the sternum is shorter in women than in men.
The anterior surface of the sternum has traces of the fusion of its parts during embryonic development in the form of weakly expressed transverse lines.
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The cartilaginous connection of the upper edge of the body with the lower edge of the manubrium is called synchondrosis of the manubrium of the sternum, synchondrosis manubriosternalis (see, Fig. 235), while the body and the manubrium converge, forming a blunt angle of the sternum, open posteriorly, angulus sterni. This protrusion is located at the level of the articulation of the second rib with the sternum and can be easily felt through the skin.
On the lateral edge of the body of the sternum there are four complete and two incomplete costal notches, incisurae costales. - places of articulation of the sternum with the cartilage of the II-VII ribs. One incomplete notch is located at the top of the lateral edge of the sternum and corresponds to the cartilage of the 2nd rib, the other is at the bottom of the lateral edge and corresponds to the cartilage of the 7th rib; four complete notches lie between them and correspond to ribs III-VI.
The areas of the lateral sections lying between two adjacent costal notches have the shape of semilunar depressions.
The xiphoid process, processus xiphoidus, is the shortest part of the sternum, can be different in size and shape, with a forked apex or with a hole in the middle. The sharp or blunt apex faces either anteriorly or posteriorly. In the superolateral section of the xiphoid process there is an incomplete notch that articulates with the cartilage of the 7th rib.
The xiphoid process forms with the body of the sternum synchondrosis of the xiphoid process, synchondrosis xiphostemalis (see Fig. 235). By the way, the xiphoid process, ossified, fuses with the body of the sternum.
Sometimes, above the manubrium of the sternum, in the thickness of the subjuglossal group of muscles or in the medial leg of the chest, the noclavicular muscle is not visible, there are 1-3 sternum bones, ossa suprasternal. They articulate with the manubrium of the sternum.
On the sides, two grooves are formed - dorsal grooves: the deep muscles of the back lie about them. On inner surface chest, between the protruding bodies of the bells And the coals if pefiep, will also rejoice
Two gutters - pulmonary grooves, sulci pulmonates; they are adjacent to the vertebral part of the costal surface of the lungs (see Fig. 44).
The spaces bounded above and below by two adjacent ribs, in front by the lateral edge of the sternum and behind by the vertebrae, are called intercostal spaces. spatia interco-stalia; they are made of ligaments, intercostal muscles and membranes.
RIB CAGE
The chest, compares thoracis (Fig. 42-45), consists of the thoracic spine, ribs (12 pairs) and sternum,
The chest forms the chest cavity, cavitas thoracis, which has the shape of a truncated cone, with its wide base facing downward and its truncated apex facing upward. The chest cell contains anterior, posterior and lateral walls, an upper and lower opening that limit the thoracic cavity. the anterior wall is shorter than the other walls, formed by the sternum and cartilage of the ribs. Being located obliquely, it protrudes more in front of the lower sections than the upper ones. The posterior wall is longer than the anterior one, formed by the thoracic vertebrae and sections of the ribs from the ankles to the corners; its direction is almost vertical.
On the outer surface of the posterior wall, a group of cells, between the spinous processes of the vertebrae and the corners of the ribs, form two grooves on both sides - dorsal grooves: the deep muscles of the back lie about them. On the inner surface of the chest, between the protruding bodies of the vertebrae and the coals if pefiep, there are also two grooves - pulmonary grooves, sulci pulmonates; they are adjacent to the vertebral part of the costal surface of the lungs (see Fig. 44).
The lateral walls are longer than the anterior and posterior walls, formed by the bodies of the ribs and are more or less convex.
The spaces bounded above and below by two adjacent ribs, in front by the lateral edge of the sternum and behind by the vertebrae, are called intercostal spaces. spatia interco-
Chest, compares thoracis. limited by the indicated walls, has two openings - upper and lower, both of which begin with apertures.
The upper aperture of the chest, Arepiga thoracis superior (see Fig. 133), is smaller than the lower one, limited in front by the upper edge of the manubrium, on the sides by the first ribs and behind by the body of the first thoracic spine. It has a transverse oval shape and is located in a plane inclined from back to front and downwards. The upper edge of the manubrium is located at the level of the gap between the II and III thoracic vertebrae.
The lower aperture of the chest, Arepiga thoracis inferior, is limited in front by the xiphoid process and the costal arch formed by the cartilaginous ends of the false ribs, on the sides by the free ends of the XI and XII ribs and the lower edges of the XII ribs, and behind by the body of the XII thoracic vertebra.
The costal arch, arcus costaiis, at the xiphoid process forms an infrasternal angle open downwards, angutus infraslernaHs (see Fig. 42).
The shape of the chest varies from person to person (flat, cylindrical or conical). In persons with a narrow chest, the substernal angle is sharper and the intercostal dashes are sharper, and the chest itself is longer than in persons with a wide chest. The chest of men is longer, wider and more cone-shaped than that of women. The shape of the chest also depends on age.
- part of the skeleton that performs the most important functionality. The structure of the human chest is carefully thought out by nature and verified to the smallest detail.
The rib cage is an integral part of the skeleton
Where is the chest?
- this is an integral part upper skeleton. This structure is the most large department spine, originates from the collarbones and ends just below the lungs.
Functions
The cell acts as a natural shield that protects the organs inside.
The ribcage is needed to anchor the organs
Its competence includes 3 more important functions:
- Holds internal organs in the required position, which is the key to their proper functioning.
- Implements breathing movements thanks to the ability to expand and contract rhythmically.
- Participates in the motor process.
The ribs are very elastic due to their curved shape and rarely break. Even when fractured, these bones usually do not require additional fixation and heal quickly.
Structure of the chest
Description of the structure (anatomy): The rib cage is a frame that is formed by 12 thoracic vertebrae, 12 pairs of rib plates, and the sternum. Rear wall the frame consists of vertebrae and heads of ribs, the anterior one is the sternum with costal cartilages attached to it, the lateral surfaces consist only of ribs.
The upper boundary of the osteochondral structure is the 1st thoracic vertebra, upper area sternum and 1 pair of ribs, lower - 12th thoracic vertebra, bend of the 10th pair of ribs and the lower part of the sternum.
The sternum is the breastbone that is located in the center of the front of a person's chest. The bone is connected to 7 pairs of ribs through a cartilaginous articulation. The male sternum is flat and wide, the female sternum is longer and narrower.
The sternum and ribs are movably connected, due to which the lungs can expand freely.
The ribs are attached to the corresponding vertebrae at the back using the costovertebral joint; the first 7 pairs are attached to the sternum by cartilage. The remaining 5 pairs of ribs are not attached to the sternum: the 8th, 9th and 10th pairs are attached with their anterior ends to the previous pair of ribs, the last 2 pairs are attached only to the vertebrae.
1 pair of ribs articulates with the manubrium of the sternum ( top part), the other 6 are with the body of this bone. The collarbones are also articulated with the manubrium of the sternum. The collarbones do not belong to the osteochondral frame: they are part of the shoulder girdle.
The muscular structure of the frame ensures its mobility and the ability to expand and contract. The cavity is covered with the serratus and trapezius, intercostal, pectoralis minor and major, and vastus muscles.
IN chest cavity are located:
- lungs;
- heart;
- blood arteries;
- esophagus;
- trachea;
- thymus.
Normal chest shape
In newborns, the frame has a convex shape, but as the skeleton grows, it acquires a flatter outline.
According to the type and design of the skeleton, several varieties are distinguished normal shape bone frame:
- Normosthenic. This structure resembles a truncated cone. The shoulder blades, intercostal spaces, subclavian and supraclavicular fossa are faintly visible. The lower costal arches form a right angle. The dimensions of the thoracic and abdominal sections are the same. The normosthenic type is characteristic of people of average height.
- Hypersthenic. The frame has a cylindrical shape. The lateral and transverse diameters of the cell are practically the same. The lower costal arches form an obtuse angle. The shoulder blades are smoothed. The distance between the ribs has been reduced. The abdominal region is longer than the thoracic region. The hypersthenic form is typical for short people.
- Asthenic. Long chest with an acute angle between the costal arches and a large distance between the ribs. The shoulder blades are clearly visible. Thoracic region much longer than the abdominal one. The muscular frame is poorly developed. The asthenic type is characteristic of tall people.
Normal shape of the chest in humans
The asthenic frame is different weak muscles and bones, is more prone to fractures and does not protect organs as well as other types.
Pathologies
The osteochondral frame does not always have the correct structure. Sometimes during the development of the body under the influence of disease or genetic predisposition, it takes on an irregular shape. What do such pathologies look like?
Severe atrophy of the muscular skeleton
Emphysematous chest is characterized by a barrel-shaped arching of the body
Types of pathology:
- Paralytic. This type is similar to the asthenic structure, but is distinguished by pronounced atrophy of the muscular skeleton, asymmetrical arrangement of the clavicles and shoulder blades, and different depths of the supraclavicular fossae. The chest is flat. Typically, this anomaly is diagnosed in patients with malnutrition, tuberculosis and Marfan syndrome. The paralytic anomaly most often occurs in women.
- Emphysematous. This pathology is characterized by barrel-shaped arching of the frame (especially its posterior surface) and an increase in the distance between the ribs. Typically, such deformation occurs due to emphysema, due to which the volume of the lungs greatly increases.
- Rachitic (keeled). With this pathology, the distance from the spine to the sternum increases and the frame takes on a convex shape forward. The ribs on the sides seem to be pressed inward, which is why the lower costal arches form a very sharp angle. The cartilage connecting the costal plates to the sternum becomes very thick at the junction with the rib; this phenomenon is given the name “rachitic rosary”. These “rosary beads” are an age-related feature, and they stick out only in children when the body grows. Sometimes with this pathology, the cartilage of vertebrae 5-7 grows. It looks like lines protruding from under the skin, forming triangles.
- The frame has a large funnel-shaped or scaphoid depression at the front. With this pathology, vital organs in the chest area are displaced and compressed, and their work is disrupted. This type of pathology is the most common and usually occurs in men.
Common chest pathology
Rickets - bulging chest
Any form of deformation entails damage to internal organs and disruption of their functioning.
The chest is formed by many factors: the presence or absence of diseases, profession, age, gender and even emotional state. Indeed, the osteochondral framework is a unique structure, the health of which depends not only on genetic predisposition, but also on a person’s lifestyle and thoughts.
The human musculoskeletal system is made up of a combination of many bones and the muscles that connect them. The most important parts are the skull, chest, and spinal column.
Bones are formed throughout life. In the process of growth and development of the body, this section of the skeleton is also transformed. There is a change not only in size, but also in shape.
In order to find out which bones form the rib cage, a general knowledge of all components of the system is required. First, let's look at the musculoskeletal system as a whole.
The human skeleton consists of two hundred bones, the total weight of which is measured in kilograms: 10 for men and 7 for women. The shape of each part is laid down by nature so that they can perform their functions, of which there are many. Blood vessels that penetrate the bones deliver to them nutrients and oxygen. Nerve endings contribute to a timely response to the body's needs.
Human skeleton structure
This huge complex can be examined for a long time and in great detail. Let's stick to the basics. To make it easier to study the human structure, the skeleton is conventionally divided into 4 sections:
Skull box;
Body frame;
Vertebral column;
Upper and lower body parts.
And the basis for the entire system is the spine. The spinal ridge is formed by five sections:
Sternum;
Small of the back;
Sacral region;
Functions and basic structure of the chest
The bones, resembling a pyramid figure, contain and protect vital organs from external mechanical influences: the heart with blood vessels, the lungs with bronchi and the tracheal branch, the esophagus and numerous lymph nodes.
This section of the skeleton consists of twelve vertebrae, the sternum and ribs. The first ones are components In order for the connection of the chest bones with the vertebrae to be reliable, the surface of each has an articular costal fossa. This method of fastening allows you to achieve great strength.
What bones form the rib cage?
The sternum is a fairly common name for the bone located in front under the ribs. It is considered to be composed of three parts:
- lever;
- body;
- xiphoid process.
The anatomical configuration of the human sternum bone changes over time, this is directly related to changes in body position and center of gravity. In addition, with the formation of this part of the skeleton, the volume of the lungs also increases. The transformation of the ribs with age allows you to increase the amplitude of movement of the sternum and allow free breathing. Proper development department is very important for normal functioning the whole body.
The chest, a photo of which can be seen in the article, has the shape of a cone and remains this way until three or four years. At six, it changes depending on the development of the upper and lower zones of the sternum, and the angle of inclination of the ribs increases. By the age of twelve or thirteen she is fully formed.
Affects the bones of the human chest exercise stress and landing. Physical education classes will help it become wider and more voluminous, and incorrect posture (more relevant to the posture of schoolchildren at a desk or computer desk) will lead to the fact that the spine and all parts of the skeleton will develop incorrectly.
This can lead to scoliosis, stooping, and in some cases severe cases and problems with internal organs. Therefore, it is imperative to have educational conversations with your child about the importance of posture.
Rib structure
When asked what bones form the chest, they are the first to come to mind. The ribs are an important part of this section of the skeleton. In medicine, all twelve pairs are divided into three groups:
- true ribs - these are the first seven pairs, attached to the sternum by skeletal cartilage;
- false ribs - the next three pairs are attached not to the sternum, but to the intercostal cartilage;
- floating ribs - the final two pairs have no connection with the central bone.
They have a flattened shape and a porous structure. The rib has cartilaginous and bone parts. The latter is defined by three sections: the body of the rib, the head and the articular surface. All ribs have the shape of a spiral plate. The greater its curvature, the more mobile the chest is, it all depends on the age and gender of the person.
During intrauterine development In rare cases, a person experiences an anomaly that leads to the appearance of an additional rib in the neck or lumbar area. Also, mammals have more ribs than humans, this is explained by the horizontal position of their body.
Now that we have figured out what bones form the chest, we can talk about what tissues they are made of. They differ from each other not only in functions, but also in properties.
Bone
She designs the skull, limbs and torso. It is also important what determines the shape of the body. It is divided into:
- coarse fiber - typical for initial stages development;
- plastic fabric - participates in the creation of the skeleton.
- cartilage tissue - formed by chondrocytes and cellular substances with high density, they perform a supporting function and are components of different lobes of the skeleton.
Its cells are of two types: osteoblasts and osteocytes. If you look at the composition of this tissue, you can see that 33% of it consists of carbohydrates, fats and proteins. The remaining part comes from inorganic substances, such as calcium, magnesium, fluoride and calcium carbonate and others. Interestingly, our body contains citric acid, 90% of it is contained in bone tissue.
Connective tissue
The bones of the chest are attached to each other and to the muscles of the skeleton using cartilage and tendons. These are varieties connective tissue. It happens different types. For example, blood is also connective tissue.
It is so diverse that it seems as if only it does everything in the body. Any cells of this type perform the most various functions, depending on what kind of tissue they form:
- found human organs;
- saturate cells and tissues;
- carry oxygen and carbon dioxide throughout the body;
- unite all types of tissues, protect organs from internal damage.
Depending on the functions it is divided into:
- loose fibrous unformed;
- dense fibrous unformed;
- dense fibrous shaped.
The connection of the chest bones is carried out fibrous fabric from the first group. It has a loose texture that accompanies blood vessels and nerve endings. It separates the internal organs from each other in the chest and abdomen.
The spine is the basis of the skeleton
The spine helps support your back and provides support for soft organs and tissues. The spine and chest are connected important function: It helps keep the cavity in the desired position.
It is formed from thirty-two to thirty-four vertebrae, which have openings for the passage spinal cord. This allows us to well protect the basis of our nervous system.
Intervertebral discs are made of fibrous cartilage, which promotes spinal mobility. An important requirement for it is the ability to bend. Thanks to this, it is able to “spring”, due to which impacts and jolts during running and walking are damped, protecting the bone marrow from concussions.
Very Important Features
Since the musculoskeletal system consists mostly of bone tissue, then, knowing its role in the body, the same can be said about the base of the body and about the chest separately. So, the functions:
It is important to know what our body consists of and what processes take place in it, what role this or that part of the skeleton plays, how to properly develop and strengthen it. This will help you avoid some illnesses and live a full life, playing sports and doing your favorite things.
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