Make a simple hydraulic vice. The advantage of such a vice is that it is very convenient to use, it is operated by your foot, and as a result, you have both hands free when working. It also eliminates the need to constantly tighten and unscrew the handle, as in a mechanical vice. These hydraulic vices work faster than mechanical ones.
It’s not difficult to assemble such a homemade product, but keep in mind that you will need to cut fairly thick sheet steel. The author used his homemade plasma cutting machine for these purposes. The heart of the device is a hydraulic couple, which consists of a pump and a hydraulic cylinder. Let's look at how to make such a vice in more detail.
Materials and tools used
List of materials:
- thick sheet steel;
- hydraulic cylinder (5 tons);
- hydraulic pump;
- hydraulic hose;
- springs;
- bolts;
- linings for a vice;
- channel.
List of tools:
- plasma cutter;
- pendulum cutting machine;
- drill with drills;
- taps for threading;
- Bulgarian;
- welding machine;
- clamps;
- belt sander.
Hydraulic vise manufacturing process:
Step one. Making the base plate
Let's start with the base for the vice, also called the base plate. To make it you will need thick sheet steel, cut the piece to the required size. For cutting, the author used his plasma cutting machine.
To attach the plate, you will also need to cut out two “ears”, the author then drills holes in them. We weld the ears to the base plate using a welding machine.
Step two. Internal movable part of the vice
Now we begin to manufacture the inner part of the vice, to which the movable lip will be welded. The author used a thick-walled steel channel as the basis for this part. We cut off the required piece of the channel, and then weld steel plates to it to obtain the required dimensions of the part. The idea is to place a hydraulic cylinder inside this part. To weld the parts reliably, the author drilled holes in the plate and then welded them. We grind the weld seams well so that the vice does not jam.
In addition, a plate with a hole for installing a hydraulic cylinder will need to be welded inside the structure.
Step three. Making the outer part
The outer part of the vice is stationary; a second stationary lip is installed on it. This part is also a guide for the inner, moving part of the vice. Here we will again need thick sheet steel, cut off three pieces and weld the structure. In order not to guess about the dimensions, we weld the outer part above the moving part. To get the required gap between the parts, you can wrap inner part newspaper. We also weld back, it will be used as a stop for the hydraulic pump, this part must be strong.
When everything is ready, we begin sanding the internal moving part. First we sand with a grinder, and then manually with sandpaper. When the friction surface is smooth, the risk that the vice will jam at a critical moment will be reduced. After adjusting all the parts, everything can be finally and reliably welded.
Step four. Hydraulic cylinder installation
Now you can install the hydraulic cylinder inside. One side of it will rest on the fixed part of the vice, and the other on the movable part. When the cylinder moves apart, the lips of the vice will close. To return the vice to its original open state, a spring is provided inside. You can open the vice with one slight movement of your foot, relieving pressure from the system.
Step five. Manufacturing and installation of vice lips
The lips of the vice must be strong, they bear heavy loads. For these purposes, the author used thick sheet steel. We weld the lips to the vice, the welds must be of the highest quality. The author's lips turned out to be hollow, however, they are quite strong and make the vice easier.
You should definitely install strong steel pads on your lips; it’s better to buy them in advance. We drill holes for them and install them with screws.
Step six. Upgrading the hydraulic pump
Next, we just have to modernize the hydraulic pump, the point is that it can be controlled by foot. First, the author installed a spring on the pump, which returns the pedal to its original position. The handle was also redesigned, now it is not a handle, but a pedal.
Similarly, we need to redo the pressure relief valve. The author welded a steel plate to it and also installed a spring so that the tap would tighten itself.
Over one year old
Are your sneakers always laced the same way? But in vain! Replacing the usual “crosses” with a more intricate pattern can be not only fun, but also useful. Want to know why? Let's figure it out.
Usually such experiments are undertaken for the sole purpose of making an impression. Indeed, a pair of bright, colored laces that seem to “stitch” the sneakers with intricate stitches and loops look amazing. But few people know that by passing them through the holes in different ways, you can solve many problems that arise during training. Here are some of them.
Situation: shoelaces keep coming undone
What to do? First, try replacing them. “This happens most often with synthetic round laces,” says the sports doctor Evgeniy Belyanushkin. - Whereas flat cotton ones will be much more “obedient”. To be on the safe side, tie them with a double knot. Alternatively, you can pass their ends in parallel through the upper holes: one through both penultimate holes, the second through the last. It will be more difficult for you to put on your sneakers, but the problem will be solved.” Durable lacing will protect you from possible injuries and even falls.
Situation: bruises appear on the big toes, nails turn black
What to do? The best thing to do is change your sneakers, since they are almost certainly too small for you. “You need to buy sports shoes by size,” comments Elena Palaguta, instructor of group programs “World Class Zhitnaya”. “These are not leather shoes—don’t expect them to stretch over time.” When you try on a pair you like, try to determine how much gap there is between the tip thumb feet and the toe of the sneaker,” recommends Evgeniy Belyanushkin. — The distance should be 0.5-1 cm. Otherwise, the finger will constantly hit the toe of the sneaker, pressing against it forcefully while moving downhill - for example, while jogging or on a “path” operating in the “hills” mode " Hence the darkened nails and bruises.” To make your position easier, try loosening the lacing a little - this will add at least a little free space to your fingers.
Situation: Your heels slip during cardio training
What to do? And, again, choose shoes that fit. “If your sneakers are too big, you can partially correct the situation by wearing fairly thick cotton socks underneath them,” explains sports doctor Evgeniy Belyanushkin. Did not work? Try using the locking lacing technique. To do this, guide the laces from the bottom as usual. But leave the two upper holes on each side free and “do some magic” with them. Take one of the ends and first pass it through the last hole from the inside out, then through the one underneath it, inward. Repeat with the second tip to create a loop on both sides. Pass the ends through the opposite loops, tighten well and tie.
Situation: sneakers squeeze your toes too much
What to do?“This is not such a rare situation,” says Elena Palaguta. - Sports shoes vary in size, but not in fullness - as a result, girls with wide feet suffer because their sneakers are too tight for them. As a way out of this situation, you can try to choose a model with a fairly wide toe. When purchasing, turn over the pair you like, look at the sole, and it will immediately become clear to you how spacious it will be. Please also note that during training the foot will swell and enlarge slightly.” Have you already bought your sneakers and need to “work with what you have”? Try loosening the lacing. It should securely fix the shoe on the foot, but not squeeze the legs, like in a vice. You can also use the partial lacing technique. From the lowest hole to the third, draw the lace along inside sneaker, bypassing the second one. Then, up to the ankle, follow the usual pattern.
Situation: the feet are cramped - they hurt
What to do? First, try lacing your sneakers less tightly. By forcefully tightening them, you deprive the foot of the opportunity to move normally, pinching blood vessels, squeeze the small bones, of which there are many in it. Perhaps the following scheme will solve the problem. Pass the laces, as usual, through the two pairs of lower holes, and out through the third. And then run each tip in “stitches” along its side. At the top, tighten the laces again crosswise and tie. “However, it is not a fact that this will solve the problem,” says Evgeniy Belyanushkin. — Feet often cramp with flat feet. In this case, it is more important to replace the insoles in sneakers with anatomical ones. Initially, they are the most common in sports shoes and cannot provide the necessary support for the foot with a lack of shock-absorbing properties.”
- Do not hide the ends of the laces inside the sneakers. When you put them under the tongue, they put pressure on the foot; when you “put them” on the sides, they get hidden under it or rub. If they are too long, just trim them.
- Be sure to tie the ends. If instead you again simply put them inside the sneaker, then this is not only inconvenient, but also dangerous. As you move, the lacing will become looser, you will begin to curl your toes trying not to lose the shoe, and eventually you may get injured.
- Tighten the laces not only at the top, but also along the entire length. Pull them up each time you pass them through the next pair of holes.
In contact with
One of my friends, who works as a pharmacist, once complained that, when putting on summer shoes, she could hardly squeeze into her last year’s shoes. “You know,” she told me, “I understand everything: what else can a lady like me expect if she crossed Balzac’s age not yesterday, but on her feet every day for a whole shift. So I completely justify the swelling and fatigue. But when, because of the purple bruises on your legs, you can’t put on a skirt or squeeze into your favorite shoes - I, as a woman, simply cannot ignore this!”
Actually, there is no need to ignore this. Moreover, don’t you think that all these symptoms are the lot of ladies whose age is described by the correct phrase “a little over thirty,” but whom we are all accustomed to seeing in a blue cambric robe at the entrance. Be that as it may: in fact, most of the symptoms of chronic venous insufficiency (which we also know as varicose veins of the lower extremities or simply varicose veins) are familiar to many of us. Even if you are actually a little over thirty and you are an office worker who spends all his time at the computer; if you are a young loader or pregnant; If you, as we say in Ukraine, are a “huge woman” or a slender beauty wearing a 20-centimeter stiletto heel, sooner or later the majority can still feel the unpleasant symptoms of this disease.
Another thing is that many simply do not want to admit to themselves their problems, or sometimes sincerely explain all these phenomena in the same way as my friend - the consequences of age, work characteristics, fatigue. We are so used to optimistically reassuring ourselves that everything will go away on its own or that the problem can be solved using simple cosmetics.
Swelling and heaviness in the lower extremities after working day, which creates the feeling that your shins are being squeezed from all sides in a vice? - Just think! Well, what did you want at the end of the working day?!
Syndrome restless legs, manifested by a feeling of burning, tingling, internal tension and preventing us from working or resting calmly? Night cramps in calf muscles? - Come on, it doesn’t happen to anyone!
Unsightly purple capillary network that gradually appears and covers the ankle, and then rises up the shin, showing up as veins bulging at the surface? - Well, this is what we all have in our family! I'll need to buy some foot cream later!
Constant heaviness and fatigue of the legs, making itself felt even in the morning, when, it would seem, the whole body should rest and recover after a hard day? Almost permanent swelling, due to which you have to spend a good 5-10 minutes to squeeze into shoes, and because of which the feeling of lightness of gait is completely forgotten? Protruding veins, dry and flaky skin on legs, dark dark spots and bruises?.. And then we understand that we should probably go to the pharmacy...
The usual story
However, in order to somehow reassure those affected this problem, it should be noted that chronic venous insufficiency- not a disease at all modern civilization. We have found references to this problem almost since the advent of writing. For example, during Ancient Egypt mention of varicose veins veins of the lower extremities are found in the Ebers papyrus, which is more than 3,500 years old. It also mentions the first attempt at his treatment. The famous Greek surgeon and obstetrician Pavel Eginsky, long before Friedrich Trendelenburg, proposed the application of ligatures and surgical removal varicose veins. IN Ancient Rome in the medical treatise De Medicina, a Roman physician named Celsius described methods for ligating and removing varicose veins, as well as possible complications. Thanks to historical notes Today we can say with certainty that the first historical figure who underwent phlebectomy was the Roman tyrant Gaius Marius. After he had one leg operated on, he, tormented by pain (after all, anesthesia did not exist at that time!), refused to substitute the other one, and declared: “I see that the treatment is not worth the pain.”
The ancient Indian manual on surgery “Sushruta Samhita” (270 BC) describes a technique for cleansing trophic ulcers using meat fly larvae in combination with tight bandaging of the limb. First, Hippocrates, and then Avicenna, described a direct connection between chronic venous insufficiency and the occurrence of ulcers. Only in 1628 did William Harvey discover the circulatory system and describe the valves in the venous vessels of the lower extremities, and in 1676 R. Weissman (surgeon-sergeant to the British King Charles II) established that dilation of the veins could be a consequence of valve insufficiency. At the same time, for the treatment of patients with chronic venous insufficiency, compression stockings. In 1868, I. Ge and A. Spender independently discovered that trophic ulcers may be a consequence of deep vein thrombosis.
Causes and Effects
Today we are well aware that chronic venous insufficiency is a consequence of a violation of the outflow of blood from the veins of the lower extremities and an inevitable companion of a person, our retribution for walking upright. However, what contributes to this? In order to explain this phenomenon, there are many theories. According to the first, this is facilitated by hemodynamic disturbances and insufficiency of the valves of the venous system. The pressure of blood from the arteries, the contraction of the leg muscles during movement and the presence of valves in the veins prevent the blood from flowing back. It is believed that it is the inability of these valves to perform their function that causes disruption of venous blood flow, leads to overstretching of the veins, and an increase in the lumen of the vein further aggravates the work of the valve, which can no longer completely close it. The downward flow of blood increases, and stagnation occurs with thrombosis and swelling.
According to the second theory, chronic venous insufficiency develops due to the fact that blood flow is obstructed by emerging blood clots, the formation of which is facilitated by changes in the vascular wall, disturbances in the blood coagulation system and a slowdown in blood flow.
Those who support the third theory believe that chronic venous insufficiency develops due to congenital weakness of the elements venous wall. According to the fourth, the main cause of the development of chronic venous insufficiency is neuroendocrine disorders, the fifth is immunological disorders and allergic reactions.
However, be that as it may, varicose veins of the lower extremities are by no means a harmless disease. And it creates not only cosmetic problems: congestive dermatitis and hyperpigmentation of the skin due to impaired trophism, swelling and constant fatigue legs, which affects not only our gait, but also our mood and performance, not to mention bruises, and subsequently difficult-to-heal trophic ulcers. So is it worth waiting for all these “delights” or is it better (to paraphrase the words of the Roman commander) to say that the future complications and the pain experienced are worth the treatment? Moreover, now we have access to means that can quite simply, painlessly and effectively help us with this, and this is the season when it is so important to take care of the beauty of our feet.
Make a choice
What is necessary for this assistance to be effective, and for your feet to be rewarded with a pair of new shoes or to be shown without embarrassment, modestly peeking out from under your skirt? Just the right remedy that will help get rid of the purple mesh on the feet, bruises and swelling, which will also worsen with the arrival of the summer heat, and at the same time the dry skin that accompanies varicose veins of the lower extremities. And all this - !
What allows us to make a choice in favor of this drug? Of course, first of all, these are properties heparin, which is the active ingredient this tool. Thanks to heparin, LIOTON 1000 GEL provides not only an increase in the tone of the vein wall and improves lymphatic drainage, such as troxerutin or products based on horse chestnut. Due to its direct anticoagulant properties, heparin has a positive effect on the rheological properties of blood. It reduces its viscosity, promotes the “resorption” of blood clots, binds and inactivates biologically active substances, damaging the endothelium. It also reduces the ability of the endothelium to adsorb blood clots, inhibits the pathogenic effect of platelet factors, and restores the potential of cell membranes.
The anticoagulant effect of heparin is not its only merit in the fight against bruises and spider veins. It blocks many enzymes (for example, plasmin, trypsin, hyaluronidase) and inflammatory mediators, reduces the number of platelets and activates macrophages. Thanks to this, heparin is known for its anti-inflammatory and wound-healing properties, reduces the severity of pain.
However therapeutic effect LYOTONA 1000 GEL depends not only on the properties of heparin, but also on its concentration, as well as the ability to easily overcome skin barriers due to its gel form.
Thus, LIOTON 1000 GEL contains 1000 IU of heparin per 1 g of gel, which is several times higher compared to other similar drugs heparin for local application. Due to this it is achieved high pressure diffusion, which causes a high concentration of the drug in tissues, as well as its higher absorption compared to forms containing 500 IU per 1 g (Stüttgen G., Panse P., Bauer E., 1990).
And the gel form itself provides heparin with good penetration through the skin into soft tissues, which deserves no less attention. Thus, the previously used fatty bases (pork fat or petroleum jelly) were devoid of osmotic activity, which means they practically did not absorb exudate and released it very poorly. medicinal substances, and favorable conditions were created on the skin for the development of microorganisms. With the advent of polyethylene oxide bases, high efficiency of drugs was achieved, but their diffusion was predominantly unidirectional. Such products absorbed liquid too well, which often led to tissue dehydration and local irritation. Finally, the emerging form, such as a gel, allows not only to easily and more completely release medicinal substances, but also to actively transfer them through the skin to those lesions that require treatment, taking with them exudate, dead cells and microorganisms. LYOTON 1000 GEL was created on such an alcohol-water gel base. It significantly surpasses heparin-containing ointments in terms of characteristics and ensures better penetration of heparin into the corresponding layers of the skin (Zesch A., 1976), and, having high content active substance, contributes to even faster achievement high concentrations heparin in soft tissues(Stüttgen G., Panse P., Bauer E., 1990).
...Hurries to our aid
Who can benefit from LIOTON 1000 GEL? For those who are concerned about diseases of the superficial veins, such as chronic venous insufficiency and related complications (phlebothrombosis, thrombophlebitis, trophic ulcers); consequences of previous operations, in the presence of bruises and inflammation, as well as injuries and bruises, subcutaneous hematomas and sprains. Thanks to its properties, LIOTON 1000 GEL helps to gradually suppress pain (in 90% of patients), reduce the severity of edema (86%) and the size of the seals (80%), a feeling of heaviness, as well as erythema (Navrátilová Z. et al., 2000; Bihari I., 2001; Daróczy J., 2002).
Of course, all this could not go unnoticed either by specialists, who have been widely recommending LIOTON 1000 GEL for many years, or by the patients themselves. For the convenience of the latter, at the beginning of 2011, the Berlin-Chemie company introduced an additional 30 g package to the previously existing packaging of the drug. This means that LYOTON 1000 GEL has become even more convenient to take with you on trips, in case of unforeseen injuries and bruises, which are not uncommon when working on personal plots, the season of which has just started or for a short active holiday during the May holidays.
Chronic venous insufficiency- the disease is far from seasonal. However, it is with the beginning of spring that most of those who are concerned about this problem realize that the capillary network and blue swollen veins are so unaesthetic!
That is why at the beginning of 2011 the Berlin-Chemie company, for the convenience of patients, in addition to the already existing LIOTON 1000 GEL 50 g, introduced pharmaceutical market Ukraine another form - LIOTON 1000 GEL 30 g. This helped the LIOTON 1000 GEL brand as a whole in the summer of 2011 to demonstrate an increase in the volume of pharmacy sales both in monetary and in kind terms (Fig. 1 and 2). LIOTON 1000 GEL is not far behind in 2012. Thus, according to the results of the first quarter. this year, the volume of retail sales of this brand showed active dynamics, increasing by 25% compared to the same period of the previous year! (Fig. 3) At the same time, the volume of pharmacy sales of the competitive group (C05B “Medicines used for varicose veins” and C05C “Capillary stabilizing agents”) over the same period decreased by 4% (Fig. 4). Such a positive trend demonstrated by the LIOTON 1000 GEL brand allows us to look optimistically at its future and call its market tomorrow promising.
A person remembers his two only when they get sick. And almost never connects the problem with diseases of other organs. Meanwhile, the culprits of your suffering may be disorders and inflammation in different systems body, explains the doctor medical sciences Professor, Head of the 2nd Department of Internal Diseases of the Belarusian State Medical University Nikolai Soroka.
What makes you suffer
Indeed, leg pain can occur for a variety of reasons. For example, due to inflammatory diseases associated with infections, intestinal diseases, psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis. But still, most often people are plagued by osteoarthritis, popularly known as salt deposition in the joints. In this case, the pain is clearly formed in the area of the joints - ankle, knee or hip.
Another reason is obstructed blood flow through the arteries. Cold and pale people will indicate this lower limbs, as well as pain that occurs when walking - the so-called symptom of intermittent claudication. According to Professor Soroka, the reason may be atherosclerosis - with this disease, an atherosclerotic plaque blocks the artery, disrupting blood flow. And not necessarily at the level of the legs, but often where the largest vessel passes - the aorta.
Arteries are quite often damaged in smokers - obliterating endarteritis occurs, or inflammation of the inner lining of the artery. It causes severe pain, which often annoys even 30-40 year old people.
Pain associated with arterial damage is also common in patients with diabetes mellitus- this is the so-called syndrome diabetic foot. They are burning and are initially associated with damage to blood vessels and then to the nervous system.
The knee is hurt? Treat your lower back!
What to do if the pain arose at the level of the knee, lower leg, foot or thigh, and no abnormalities were found in any of these organs? The reason should be sought in lumbar region spine, the professor clarifies. Such symptoms usually occur with radiculitis. Severe pain is also caused by lumboischialgia - irritation of the roots nerve structures at the level of the lumbar region. Lower back pain radiates to one or both legs. It mainly spreads along the buttock, as well as along the posterior surface of the leg, sometimes even reaching the toes.
What a burden!
Feelings when varicose veins veins are also not pleasant - heaviness in the legs and swelling, inflammation of the veins. The condition may worsen if you walk, stand or sit for a long time. Due to stagnation of blood, blood circulation in the extremities is disrupted, the tissues experience a lack of oxygen - hypoxia and begin to “signal” with pain, as if calling for help. With severe varicose veins, pain of unknown localization may appear - in the lower leg, foot, etc.
With thrombophlebitis - inflammation of varicose veins, swelling, swelling and redness can be found in this place. Naturally, pain will follow.
Helpful hint
If your knee hurts, but there are no visible changes in this joint, then the source of the problem should be looked for at the level of the second or third lumbar vertebra. And if the pain is localized in the foot, then in the fifth lumbar and first sacral vertebrae.
Sometimes pain caused by problems with the hip joint radiates to the knee. What do such patients not do? They use ointments and medications, but all in vain. An x-ray will help figure it out. hip joints, which will clarify the nature of the pain.
Sensitive people
Professor Soroka names another group of patients whose legs hurt, but it can be difficult to explain the cause. This is typical for weather dependent people. Their legs ache and “twist” a day or two before the weather changes. Dealing with such manifestations is not easy, the specialist admits.
When the pain in the foot, leg and knee is very burning - as if stung by nettles, or shooting, as if a person has been electrocuted, this is usually associated with damage or compression of the nerve structures, and not simply with inflammation or changes in the nervous system.
The professor points out another reason - the presence of a focus of infection in adolescents and young people from 15 to 20 years old also causes pain in the legs. Boys or girls with chronic tonsillitis With purulent plugs may experience pain along the front surface of the leg, in the bone. This is how intoxication manifests itself.
Flat feet can also be a source of suffering. People with flat feet experience pain in their feet during stress and overload, especially towards the end of the day. To determine if you have flat feet, you can wet the sole of your foot and then step on a dry piece of white paper. With flat feet, the foot is completely imprinted. And healthy person Only the prints of the heel and the edge of the foot will remain on the paper.
AmbulanceAdvice from Professor Nikolai Soroka
If pain syndrome connected to the spine, do not seek salvation in compresses and electrical procedures on the area of the leg joints! Relief will come only when the pinched or irritated nerve root is released. All efforts - rubbing, compresses, physical and electrical procedures - should be directed to the lumbar spine, then the pain will decrease.
If the pain is caused by damage to the arterial vessels, then painkillers are not helpful, warns Professor Soroka.
If it is localized in the joints or associated with damage to the spine, then taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (for example, drugs based on diclofenac, meloxicam, nimesulide, etc.) can alleviate the condition. And if there are problems with gastrointestinal tract and pain in the legs, you can use a new generation of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs that are safe for the gastrointestinal tract (etodolac, etoricoxib).
The drug arcoxia has become a kind of emergency aid, which begins to act quickly - after 24 minutes and provides pain relief for 24 hours. There are other medicines.
Anti-inflammatory drugs and venotonics will help with thrombophlebitis.
Endarteritis is very serious illness, which is treated by rheumatologists, they prescribe strong medications.
Atherosclerosis of the arteries is a chronic disease. You shouldn't hope for quick success. Appointed symptomatic therapy as vasodilators, but most importantly - long-term use statins, which lower cholesterol levels in the blood and “smooth out” atherosclerotic plaques in blood vessels.
But first, you should still visit a general practitioner, who will determine which specialist to refer you to.
Pain in knee joint– this is quite unpleasant symptom accompanying the most various diseases. Discomfort in the knee area can significantly reduce quality of life. Why does the knee joint hurt and how can you cope with such a problem?
Possible reasons
Why do my knees hurt? Anyone who has ever experienced pain in the knee joint is looking for the answer to this question. Unpleasant sensations can be localized on the front surface of the knee or behind it, and also cover the entire joint, as if in a vice. The pain may be stabbing or aching, increasing with movement, bending and straightening the leg. Possible swelling of the skin around the joint, the appearance of a hematoma or rash. All these symptoms are based various reasons diseases.
What can cause knee pain:
- arthrosis;
- arthritis;
- periarthritis;
- meniscopathies;
- infectious diseases;
- injuries;
- tumors and cysts;
- circulatory disorders;
- neuralgia.
All these reasons can cause sudden or chronic pain in the knee area. Each disease has its own characteristics, allowing one to distinguish one pathology from another. Treatment of diseases will also differ depending on the cause that triggered the development of knee pain.
Arthrosis
The causes of pain in the knee joint very often lie in the destruction of its cartilage. This phenomenon is called gonarthrosis. The pathology most often occurs in people over 40 years of age suffering from various chronic diseases. IN Lately There is a clear trend towards rejuvenation of arthrosis.
Gonarthrosis does not occur overnight. The disease develops gradually over several years. Initially there is mild pain in the knee when walking, climbing stairs or standing up. Over time, the pain intensifies and swelling of the joint appears. If the causes of the disease are not found and treatment is not started, arthrosis can lead to significant deformation of the organ and limited mobility in the knee joint.
Treatment of arthrosis involves the use of drugs that improve blood supply to the joint and restore cartilage. For severe knee pain, a short course of analgesics is prescribed. In case of severe deformation of the joint, surgery(endoprosthetics).
Arthritis
If pain in the knee joint occurs at rest, worsens at night, and does not improve with changes in body position, you should think about arthritis.
What are the reasons for the development of inflammation in a joint?
- Rheumatoid arthritis.
- Rheumatism.
- Gout.
- Psoriasis.
- Ankylosing spondylitis.
With arthritis, the knees hurt as if on their own, without apparent reason. When bending or straightening the knee, the intensity of the pain practically does not change. Noticeable swelling appears and the skin over the joint turns red. In most cases, there is simultaneous damage to several groups of joints.
If you experience joint pain, do not self-medicate and consult a doctor.
Treatment of arthritis includes taking analgesics and drugs that affect immune system. Physiotherapy methods are also actively used, as well as physiotherapy. If treatment is started in a timely manner, pain in the joint can be forgotten for quite a long time.
Periarthritis
This term includes bursitis, synovitis and other lesions of the periarticular tissue. Severe swelling appears, the skin over the affected organ changes color. There is severe pain in the knee when walking. The causes of periarthritis are similar to the factors that provoke inflammation of the articular cartilage. It is also possible to develop synovitis and bursitis against the background of autoimmune processes in the body, after injuries and hypothermia.
If knee pain occurs when bending or climbing stairs, inflammation of the knee tendons should be suspected. In this case, the pain does not spread to the entire knee, but is located at one point on the inside of the leg. Swelling and redness of the skin are not typical for this pathology.
Meniscopathies
Damage to the menisci is one of the common causes of knee discomfort. The disease usually occurs after a previous injury. When you hit or fall on your knee, you hear a characteristic crunch, followed by severe pain. Knee pain when bending persists for two weeks, after which all symptoms subside. The appearance of swelling and redness of the skin at the site of injury is very typical.
If you suspect a meniscus injury, go to the emergency room.
If the disease is not treated correctly from the very beginning, its consequences can last a lifetime. Knee pain may recur at any time when walking, standing or climbing stairs. Joint deformation is not typical with meniscopathy. A change in cartilage occurs only if gonarthrosis develops against the background of a meniscus injury.
Injuries
Among all knee injuries, the most common are ligament and cartilage injuries. Fractures of the bones that make up the articular surface, as well as dislocations, are possible. Pain in the knees due to injury occurs suddenly, accompanied by swelling and decreased mobility of the limb. Possible sudden increase in size of the joint due to effusion synovial fluid at the time of injury. A characteristic feature traumatic injury are hematomas - accumulation of blood in soft tissues.
Cysts and tumors
Cysts and various tumors – quite common reasons development of discomfort in the knee joint. Of all neoplasms, surgeons most often have to deal with Baker's cyst. This round-shaped formation is located in the popliteal fossa and causes noticeable discomfort to the patient. Baker's cyst is characterized by pain in the knee joint during movement. The cyst itself is clearly visible when the knee is extended and almost completely disappears when it is flexed. This sign makes it possible to distinguish Baker's cyst from many other neoplasms in the popliteal fossa. Treatment consists of removing the cyst using arthroscopic or classical access.
Circulatory disorders
If your knee hurts when walking young man, don't look for it right away serious pathology. In adolescents under 18 years of age, knee pain may be associated with a period of active growth. During this time, vascular development may not keep pace with bone growth. Pain occurs, always bilateral, intensifying with exercise and hypothermia. Painful sensations can make themselves felt even with a simple change in weather or after suffering stress.
There is no special treatment for temporary circulatory disorders. Such discomfort can be easily relieved with warming ointments and self-massage. Often, knee pain associated with the growth of blood vessels goes away on its own after a short rest.
Neuralgia
The causes of pain in the legs may be associated with diseases of the spine. Osteochondrosis and intervertebral hernia- these are common sources of pain in the knee area. If your knees hurt when squatting, you should look for the cause of the discomfort in the lumbar spine. Probably, a nerve was pinched there or inflammation developed at the origin of the roots. Accurate diagnosis A neurologist will be able to determine after a targeted examination of the patient.
Treatment of neuralgia includes taking anti-inflammatory drugs, exercises and massage. Good effect spotted from manual therapy and acupuncture. For severe pain, novocaine blockades are performed.
Infectious diseases
Some pathogens can trigger the development of reactive arthritis. An example is Lyme disease. The infection enters the blood after a tick bite and spreads throughout the body. Chills occur, body temperature rises, painful sensations in muscles and joints. If your knees hurt due to fever, you should definitely see a doctor and rule out an infectious disease.
An infectious disease specialist together with a rheumatologist should treat bacterial and viral joint damage. Antibacterial and antiviral drugs, as well as immune stimulating agents. For severe pain, analgesics are used. After the symptoms of the disease subside, massage and exercise therapy are recommended.
What to do?
Knee pain is a reason to definitely consult a doctor. There is no single treatment regimen for all diseases. The knee should be treated only after the cause of the pain has been determined. To do this, an x-ray or ultrasound of the affected organ must be done. If necessary, the doctor can perform a computer or magnetic resonance imaging scan to rule out tumors and other serious diseases.
Of course, such a wait-and-see approach is only good when the knee pain can be tolerated. But what if your knees hurt very badly? What to do to remove sharp pain?
- Load reduction.
The first thing to do is to remove stress from the affected leg. In case of acute pain, you need to fix the knee, ensuring complete immobility, and immediately call a doctor. Perhaps for severe pain there is a fracture or dislocation. For moderate pain, it is enough to simply reduce physical activity And once again do not put stress on the knee.
- Bandage.
If your knee hurts when bending or while walking, you should consider purchasing a bandage. A special bandage will not only eliminate discomfort, but also help reduce the load on the leg. Treatment of many knee joint pathologies involves long wearing bandage until all symptoms of the disease subside.
- Cold.
Under no circumstances should you treat knee injuries with warm compresses. In many pathologies, the use of heat can cause deterioration and progression of the disease. It is best to apply cold (ice wrapped in gauze) to the knee. A cold compress will relieve acute pain, reduce swelling and significantly alleviate the condition for a while.
Knowing why your knee hurts, you can accept everything necessary measures for elimination discomfort. You need to act carefully, because not all diseases can be treated at home. If the treatment started does not bring the desired effect, you should definitely consult a doctor.
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