Veins in the legs on the back: why they are visible and how to remove them. Causes and treatment of blue veins on the legs

The most common cause of protruding veins, and not only on the legs, is varicose veins. Women are more susceptible to negative impact diseases, so 7 out of 10 patients are girls. This is due to a change in hormonal levels and strong pressure in the intra-abdominal cavity during pregnancy. The problem has not only a cosmetic manifestation, but also means serious deviations in health, the state of health is significantly deteriorating, and in some cases it is fatal. At the initial stages, it is most important to slow down the progress of varicose veins, then bulging veins on the legs will not appear for a long time.

If the veins on the legs are bulging - this is the first sign of varicose veins, you should take this symptom with sufficient seriousness and make an appointment with a doctor.

Symptoms and causes of protruding veins in the legs

There are many reasons why the veins in the legs appear, some depend on the lifestyle and can be eliminated without much difficulty, others are caused by genetic changes in the structure of the body and require treatment. If the veins in the legs protrude, then the reasons are most often reduced to certain pathological abnormalities in the body and are triggered by an unhealthy lifestyle.

The most common cause is varicose veins, it is characterized by varicose veins due to any deficiencies in the vascular valves. In the course of the course of the disease, the walls lose their elasticity, they can become significantly thinner, which leads to an increase in their volume. If the veins in the legs protrude, then nodes are probably already formed, the veins have become tortuous, and deviations are observed in the membranes. Most of experts point to the congenital causes of the pathology;
Hereditary factor. It is very likely that if the veins in the legs of the parents stand out, the children will also suffer from this disease;
Obesity. People with overweight vessels appear much more often, as excessive pressure is created on the veins;
Pregnancy creates many reasons for the veins in the legs to show through. The load on the legs increases, and quite significantly. Also, due to the difficulty of leading an active lifestyle, many spend time sitting or standing on their feet, which creates static loads. A lot of pressure is formed in the abdominal cavity, which inevitably affects the vessels of the legs. Often, the placenta presses on certain veins, which slows down blood flow to it. The hormonal background plays an important role;
Job. Some types of work provoke a long stay in one place in a sitting or standing position, then veins protrude on the legs due to a lack of blood circulation, which provokes a reverse, or stagnation;
Strong physical loads;
Destructive influence from bad habits.

It is worth contacting a doctor after the first symptoms of the disease are discovered. At the beginning, small manifestations are observed or they are completely absent. In the future, the veins stand out and protrude strongly over time. Even at the first stages of the course of the disease, you need to know which doctor to contact - this is a vascular surgeon or a phlebologist.

If you ignore the primary symptoms on your feet, then a feeling of heaviness begins, increased voltage... Cramps often occur at night. Then a noticeable stage of the disease begins, the veins begin to protrude, while they bend and increase in diameter. The presence of protruding vessels is a good reason to start treating varicose veins, otherwise over time they will begin to appear pain.

Protruding veins are the stage of varicose veins.

The causes and treatment of venous veins largely depend on the type of disease. In fact, few diseases have a similar specific manifestation and varicose veins cannot be confused with other diseases. For reliability, you can study the photo. When the veins begin to stand out, it is important to know what to do in this case, what kind of disease it is - varicose veins.

Varicose veins are characterized by an increase in the volume of blood vessels. It is provoked due to blood stagnation or high blood pressure on the vessels. As the load on the veins increases, they become more and more, since the walls lose some of their properties. With a significant expansion, blood clots may form in the lumen of the affected vein, especially often due to the strong blood density. In other cases, trophic ulcers may appear.

They seek help not only because of the aesthetically ugly appearance, but also to prevent the development of the disease. If you start treatment in the initial stages, then it is possible to eliminate the disease without surgery or to prevent the onset of serious consequences.

Treatment methods for varicose veins

There are several basic methods of how to remove varicose veins, it strongly depends on the stage of the disease and the type of complications.

Conservative approach. Are used medications, usually a pill or cream. This variant of the fight against protruding veins is used in the light and middle stages of the course. It can significantly alleviate symptoms and prevent further development illness. The expansion of the vein itself is irreversible, therefore, if it is required to completely eliminate the vein, an operation will have to be performed;
Surgical approach. It is used at advanced stages, the conclusion about the appropriateness of the technique is made by a specialist;
Folk remedies. They are often only supplemented with therapy or used when only a little vein stands out.

External drugs

Women experience severe discomfort in the presence of diseases of the feet, legs and thighs, as they greatly deteriorate the aesthetic appearance of the legs. In such cases, it is possible to reduce manifestations thanks to an uncomplicated approach - applying creams.

Phlebotonics improve the quality of blood vessels and remove unpleasant symptoms illness. Among the best drugs niches can be distinguished
Varius, Detralex, Troxevasin and Venoruton;
Anticoagulants prevent blood clots from forming in congested, distended veins. In this case, the blood is thinned, which improves its outflow and eliminates the formation of edema. Recommended for use -
Varius, Venolife, Curantil, Heparin ointment, Lioton 1000;
Anti-inflammatories are prescribed to clear up the infection. The drugs Indomethacin and Diclofenac are used.

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Drugs

For the treatment of varicose veins are indicated for use special means, they are applied as soon as a vein begins to show through or certain pathologies are detected. Of the tablets, venotonics and anticoagulants are most often prescribed. Trade marks:

Detralex has an angioprotective effect, while referring to phlebotonics. It has no contraindications, except for allergies. It is used 2 tablets per day, which are used 1-2 times;
Phlebodia has a venotonic effect and helps to reduce congestion in the body, increases vascular tone. It is used 1 tablet once a day, taken in the morning on an empty stomach. Course 2 months;
Venarus includes the properties of angioprotectors and phlebotonics. Contraindicated for use during lactation. Apply 1-2 tablets 2 times a day;
Troxevasin acts as an angioprotector. It can not be used for ulcers in the gastrointestinal tract, gastritis, I trimester of pregnancy. Drink 1 pill three times a day.

Surgical intervention in the classical view today is carried out only in extreme cases. In most cases, minimally invasive treatments are preferred. A lightweight operation to remove a vein today can be performed through punctures - this is a miniflebectomy. After the procedure, not even scars remain and general anesthesia not required.

Laser coagulation allows a vessel to be sealed by inserting a small LED. Heat acts on the blood, and it clogs the vein, which prevents the circulation of fluid and gradually eliminates the external manifestation of the vessel. Radio frequency method has approximately similar view, only another device is introduced.

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Treatment methods for an advanced stage

Treatment of a disease in an advanced stage is not an easy task, because with the growth of symptoms and manifestations, it is possible to add other manifestations that are dangerous to life or health. The big danger lies in high risk complications, for example, thrombophlebitis, trophic ulcers. In this case, the treatment must be carried out under the supervision of a physician.

It is much easier to carry out therapy in the initial stages, since the use of creams or tablets is enough. At advanced stages, you will have to combine many drugs at once, sometimes nothing remains but expensive funds... If necessary, an operation is performed, capsules, creams, diets, physical education and wearing compression underwear are used.

Venotonic tablets and anticoagulants such as Detralex and Troxevasin are often used.

Treatment with folk remedies

For treatment, make a tincture or decoction of acacia, nettle, chestnut, birch buds. 2 tbsp raw materials are used for 0.5 liters of vodka and infused for 2 weeks. Lay such lotions at night.

An effective remedy is considered Apple vinegar, diluted with water 1 to 10 and it can be drunk or wiped on the skin.

You can prepare a decoction of nettle: 2 tablespoons. plants for 1 glass of boiling water. Drink 50 ml twice a day.

Prophylaxis

Physical education, gymnastics;
Diet;
Do warm-ups at work;
Consume vitamins;
Wear comfortable clothes and shoes;
Use compression stockings;
Periodically throw your legs up for a few minutes;
To refuse from bad habits;
Do not use hot baths, saunas, baths.

Do you still think that getting rid of varicose veins quickly is difficult?

An advanced stage of the disease can cause irreversible consequences, such as gangrene, blood poisoning. Often the life of a person with an advanced stage can be saved only by amputation of a limb.

In no case should the disease be started!

Some believe that blue veins on the legs is just a feature of the body. But this is far from the case. In fact, this is a symptom of many dangerous diseases. And the sooner in this case a person seeks a doctor, the less consequences he will get. But it all starts with the fact that a so-called capillary mesh appears on the thighs and on the legs - the first sign of varicose veins.

Reasons for the appearance

Well-visible veins on the legs of blue color are already in the midst of varicose veins. However, no disease can appear out of nowhere. Varicose veins, like any other sore, also have their reasons. And these reasons are not one or two, but about two dozen. Here are just a few of the most common:

Heredity.
Female.
Pregnancy.
Childbirth.
Great physical activity on the legs.
Lifting weights.
Constant leg work.
Excess weight.
Taking hormonal drugs.

As a rule, women suffer from varicose veins most often. They are the ones who are at risk. However, it is not uncommon for blue veins in the legs to be seen in men. And here, as a rule, there is no particular reason. Most often it is excess weight and hard work.

Varicose veins eventually lead to two very serious consequences Is varicose and chronic venous insufficiency... TO varicose syndrome relate outward manifestations diseases - the very stars, nodes, blue veins.

Chronic varicose veins are pains in the legs after a working day, cramps in the calves, severe swelling, numbness of the skin.

Treatment methods

If the disease is not very advanced and is at an initial stage, then you can try to cure it with medicines and ointments. In order to determine the degree and stage of the disease, you should definitely go through the so-called duplex or triplex scanning, which will give a real idea of the state of your blood vessels.

After the study, the question of the appointment of treatment will also be resolved. As mentioned above, if the disease has not gone too far, then it is worth trying to use pills and ointments. And among them, the most popular drug is.

But if the disease has gone too far, then without surgical intervention there is simply no way to do it. And the main method that is most often used for this ailment is the removal of the affected veins.

This operation takes about an hour. At this time, the so-called non-working veins are removed from the legs. After the end of the procedure, the scars reach a size of 4 - 5 mm.

However, this type of surgical treatment has its own contraindications. And this:

Late stage of the disease.
Ischemia of the heart.
Infectious diseases.
Pregnancy.
Elderly age.

After the operation, the blood flow through the deep vessels is restored, which means that the person feels much better.

Laser coagulation

The most modern and most The best way combating venous disease is laser coagulation... However, even this method has its own indications and contraindications. The main contraindications are chronic ischemia legs, overweight, which prevents the patient from leading an active lifestyle, inflammation skin.

Some special preparatory activities is not required for this procedure. Immediately before surgery is performed ultrasonography vessels. This must be done in order to properly mark the veins that need to be removed.

Sclerotherapy

The active use of this method in the treatment varicose veins on my feet began 100 years ago. Since then it has become widely used and very effective method, which has been experienced by many patients.

The procedure is carried out under ultrasound control. After this surgical intervention usually some side effects does not occur, the therapy is well tolerated by the patient, the effect obtained remains for life.

The method itself consists in the fact that a substance is injected into the diseased vessel, which glues it together. Thanks to this, blood does not flow through it, it ceases to function, which means it does not cause any pain to a person. This leads to an improvement in the quality of human life, he begins to lead the way of life that he led before the onset of the disease.

Many people confuse the concepts of veins and arteries. Let's see how these two elements differ from each other. circulatory system person before moving on to review a specific part of it.

Heart

Signs of superficial thrombosis femoral vein are:

Swelling and pain in the legs, starting in the groin and below.
Blueness of the skin on the legs.
A so-called petechial rash with small red dots.
An increase in body temperature as a result of phlebitis - inflammation of the vessel walls.

With deep vein thrombosis, there are two stages: white and blue phlegmas. At the initial stage, due to impaired blood circulation, the skin of the leg becomes pale, cold to the touch, with severe pain syndrome.

Blue phlegmas is a sign of overcrowding of venous vessels with blood. With it, the skin may darken, and swellings appear on its surface, which contain hemorrhagic fluid. With such symptoms, thrombosis runs the risk of spilling over into acute gangrene.

Prerequisites for deep vein thrombosis

Most often, deep vein thrombosis occurs when a vessel is compressed over time by a tumor or bone fragment during a fracture. Another reason for the formation of a plug is impaired blood circulation in certain diseases. Poorly circulating blood leads to stagnation and, accordingly, blood clots. Key reasons blockages of veins are as follows:

A drop in the rate of blood circulation in the vessels.
Increased blood clotting time.
Damage to the walls of blood vessels.
Prolonged immobility, for example, in case of a serious illness.

Some negative effect on the condition of the veins professional activity... Sellers, cashiers, pilots, international drivers have a hard time. They are forced to stand or sit for a long time in one position. Therefore, they are at risk. Frequently recurring illnesses that lead to dehydration, such as acute intestinal infections accompanied by diarrhea and vomiting chronic diseases intestines and pancreas. It also occurs against the background of excessive intake of drugs with a diuretic effect. Dangerous pathologies that cause an imbalance of fats and proteins, including diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, cancer. An increase in the likelihood of platelet adhesion is caused by bad habits: smoking, alcohol abuse.

What is femoral vein catheterization for? More on this below.

Diagnostics and treatment

Needless to say, the importance timely diagnosis and medication or other interventions for DVT. To make an accurate diagnosis, it is necessary to do an ultrasound or Doppler ultrasound of the femoral vein. Such a diagnosis will help determine the exact location of the thrombus and the degree of its fixation to the vessel wall. In other words, to understand if it can break off and clog the vessel, as well as cause thromboembolism. pulmonary artery or not. Also, when DVT is detected, the phlebography method is used - X-ray with a contrast agent. However, the most accurate method today is angiography. On the eve of the procedure, you must observe strict bed rest. Femoral vein puncture is sometimes done.

Treatment for DVT depends on the cause of the disease and the individual patient. If the vessel is not completely occluded and the separation of a thrombus is unlikely, then it is indicated conservative therapy... It is necessary to restore the patency of the veins, prevent the violation of the integrity of the thrombus and avoid vascular embolism. To achieve the above goals, special medications, ointments, and compression therapy are used, for example, it is recommended to wear special compression stockings.

If the patient is in a satisfactory condition, but drug treatment is contraindicated for him, then apply surgical techniques therapy deep thrombosis... The operation is carried out using the latest equipment and is high-tech. Thrombectomy is prescribed when the risk of a thrombus rupture and blockage of the main vessels is not excluded. This plug is removed through a small incision by inserting a special catheter. During the operation, the clogged vessel is completely cleared, but a relapse is not excluded.

To avoid thrombosis, you need to adhere to some rules and completely rethink your lifestyle. It is recommended to give up bad habits, eat right, lead a physically active lifestyle, try to avoid injury lower limbs etc. We have considered femoral arteries and veins. Now you know how they differ and what they are.

Blue veins on my legs not only spoil appearance human, but also indicate the presence of the disease. Many believe that blue veins are natural process in middle-aged people and nothing needs to be done. However, what faster man see a doctor, the more likely it is to prevent dangerous disease... Therefore, if you notice a capillary mesh on the thighs and legs, you should start immediate treatment, because this is the first sign of varicose veins. When the disease passes its initial stage, the blue veins become highly visible. It is very important to identify the cause of the onset of the disease and, if possible, eliminate it.

There are many reasons for the appearance of varicose veins. It is worth highlighting the main ones. Common reason- heredity. Look closely at the feet of your parents: if you have varicose veins, then this means that you are also at risk. At the slightest manifestation of the disease, immediate treatment should be started. Most often, women suffer from blue veins on the legs. Varicose veins can develop while carrying a child. There may be several reasons for this: a sharp weight gain, changes in hormonal background, small physical activity. Varicose veins veins can appear from a sedentary lifestyle, wearing high-heeled shoes.

The main reasons for the appearance of blue veins in men are associated with weight lifting, large physical activity on legs, long stay in a standing position. To provoke the appearance of varicose veins can hormonal drugs... A fairly common cause in both men and women is overweight. Everyone knows that the liver filters the blood. If there are problems with this organ, then this noticeably affects the veins of the legs. Varicose veins cause pain in the legs at the end of the day, puffiness and cramps. The skin around the veins can become numb.

If you notice only the first symptoms of vascular disturbance, then it is very important to take everything. possible measures prevention, which will stop the development of the disease. If parents and grandparents suffer from varicose veins, then you should be constantly on the alert. Avoid eating foods that contain a large number of cholesterol, eat more fresh vegetables and fruits. Pregnant women should be especially careful about the diet. Strong weight gain almost always has a negative effect on vitality important organs, including on vessels. Smokers are a special risk group.

If you are overweight, make a goal of losing it. Just do not do it abruptly, as this can further damage the vessels. Make a training program for yourself, exclude fatty, sweet and flour dishes from the diet. Eat small meals several times a day. Do not choose a workout with heavy loads and lifting weights. Dose the load, in no case should there be severe fatigue after exercise.

Wearing compression underwear helps a lot.

It works in such a way that the greatest pressure is applied to the lower leg. It will be the least in the hips. Due to this, the blood easily enters the heart area and does not stagnate in the damaged veins. Special stockings and knee-highs are on sale. They are produced for both men and women. At serious damage veins compression underwear must be selected by the attending physician.

How to remove blue veins? At the first sign, all efforts should be directed to restore blood flow and good vascular patency.

Necessarily appointed:

vitamins C and E, which help restore the elasticity of blood vessels;
physiotherapy;
healing baths and air currents that affect damaged blood vessels;
wearing compression underwear.

With inflammation of the veins, herbal treatment is prescribed and the use contrast shower. Cold water has an excellent effect on damaged blood vessels and restores their elasticity. Among other things, an ice shower perfectly relieves swelling of the legs, which are almost always present in people suffering from varicose veins. Therefore, swimming is very useful, especially in sea water... Self-medication lovers should be warned: with varicose veins, in no case should you use mud wraps.

To determine the degree and stage of development of the disease, you should undergo a duplex examination. If the disease has not been started, then you can try to get rid of it with the help of ointments and medications that your doctor will prescribe for you. 1 of the most popular remedies- "Troxevasin".

If everything has gone too far, then more serious methods of treatment will have to be applied. The main way is prompt removal damaged veins.

The ultimate goal of any surgical intervention for this pathology is to remove damaged vessels under the skin and eliminate the abnormal release of blood from superficial to deep veins.

Any surgical intervention carries a high risk of various complications, so you need to discuss this with your doctor in advance. You cannot perform an operation on late stage diseases, with ischemia of the heart, pregnancy, in old age, when there is infection... After a detailed examination and delivery required analyzes the doctor will determine which method of treatment for varicose veins is best suited for your particular case.

Most often, the damaged area of the vessel is removed using a small probe, which is inserted into the lumen of the vein. This operation is called stripping. Its main advantage is low injury rate. For its implementation, 2 small incisions are made. After the vessel is removed, the risk of recurrence is no more than 2%. Patients recover quickly after surgery.

Femoral vein thrombosis is the most dangerous of all types of deep vein blockages. The disease poses a threat to human life. The problem is aggravated by the fact that on early stages the disease is asymptomatic, and it can be very difficult to diagnose it in a timely manner.

Definition

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is the formation of blood clots that block (partially or completely) the inner lumen. Most often, the process is localized in the lower extremities, for example, in the femoral vein. The classic signs of DVT are:

swelling;
painful sensations;
redness of the skin in the area of the affected area.

The disease occurs in about 20% of the population and, if untreated, often becomes the cause of death from pulmonary embolism. Men are at the main risk group. DVT is common in women if they are taking hormonal contraception.

Thrombosis of the femoral vein is the most dangerous of all localization of blood clots. With the development of complications in the form of pulmonary embolism, death occurs in 60% of cases. Also, thrombosis of the femoral vein is dangerous with the risk of detachment of the clot and its penetration into the heart. In most cases, embolism of this organ is fatal. With the development of thrombosis of the iliac and femoral veins, the following symptoms are characteristic:

severe swelling and pain in the legs, starting from the groin area;
cyanosis of the skin of the lower extremities;
petechial rash (small bleeding spots);
an increase in temperature due to the addition of phlebitis.

Phlebologists distinguish two stages of the course acute thrombosis deep veins of the thigh. They differ in the color of the skin of the lower extremities: white and blue phlegmas. initial stage thrombosis is characterized by a pale color of the skin: due to reflex spasm of small arteries, blood circulation is disturbed. At this stage, you can observe the following:

The pulsation of the arteries of the feet decreases.
The limbs are cold to the touch.
Patients often complain of severe pain.

Important! Blueness of the legs indicates an overflow of blood in the venous vessels. of different caliber and is accompanied by darkening of the skin, severe bursting pains and blisters protruding to the surface containing hemorrhagic fluid. At this stage, thrombosis can turn into gangrene.

Causes

Deep vein thrombosis occurs, as a rule, when prolonged squeezing a vessel with a tumor (cyst) or bone fragment in case of a fracture. Also, the cause of the formation of a blood clot can be a lack of blood circulation, which has arisen as a consequence of diseases.

Poor blood circulation provokes congestion, leading to thrombosis. Varicose veins in the extremities are not only an external defect. The dilated vessels put pressure on the veins, which slows down blood flow and causes blood retention in the periphery, providing all the conditions for the development of thrombosis. The main causes of deep vein blockage are:

slowing down the speed of blood flow in the veins;
increased blood viscosity;
violation of the integrity of the inner walls of blood vessels.

Also, blood flow slows down with prolonged immobility. For example, for serious illnesses(stroke, heart attack, spinal fracture), forcing the patient to be constantly in bed, very often blood clots form.

Some professions also have a negative effect on the condition of the deep veins of the lower extremities. Sellers, cashiers, pilots, international drivers - all these people are forced to stand or sit in the same position for a long time, so they are at risk for clogging of the leg veins with blood clots.

Another cause of DVT is frequently recurring diseases, dehydrating organism:

sharp intestinal infections accompanied by long-term diarrhea and vomiting;
chronic bowel and pancreatic diseases;
excessive intake of drugs with a pronounced diuretic effect;
diseases leading to an imbalance of fats and proteins (diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, cancer).

An increase in the likelihood of platelet adhesion is also caused by bad habits: smoking, overuse alcoholic beverages. In people addicted to it, the veins of the lower leg are most often affected.

Clinical manifestations

In 50% of patients, there are no signs of thrombosis. Full clinical picture can give not so much DVT itself, as its complications caused by the addition of an internal infection. The walls of the vein around the blood clot become inflamed. In this case, the patient's body temperature may rise.

Very often, when making a diagnosis, doctors confuse thrombosis with thrombophlebitis. This is due to the almost simultaneous occurrence and course of both processes. Symptoms manifest themselves in different ways and depend on the localization of the vessel affected by the thrombus. So, with DVT of the lower leg, the following are observed:

swelling in the lower limb (ankle);
pain arising from bending the leg at the knee joint;
sensitivity disorders in the foot (numbness or fever).

Diagnostics

In the case of deep vein thrombosis, timely and correct diagnosis is very important. This helps to assign necessary treatment and avoid serious complications fatal. At initial examination the doctor compares the temperature and color of the skin on both legs of the patient, and also checks the presence of a pulse on the feet, assesses the condition of the superficial veins of the lower leg.

DVT in the calf muscles is characterized by increased aching, pulling pains when bending the leg at the ankle joint, when the patient pulls the sock towards himself. Also, deep vein thrombosis of the lower leg manifests itself as pain when squeezed. calf muscle cuff of the tonometer. If in a healthy leg the patient feels pain at 150-180 on the scale, then in the affected limb pain sensations arise already at rates from 80 to 100 mm Hg.

For staging more accurate diagnosis use ultrasound and Doppler ultrasonography of the veins of the thigh and lower leg. They help to identify the exact location of the thrombus and the level of its fixation on the vessel wall. It is used in diagnostics and phlebography method. With help intravenous injection introduced contrast agent then done X-ray... If there is a suspicion of deep and multiple lesions of the veins with blood clots, an MRI study is prescribed.

The most accurate diagnostic method is angioscanning. A prerequisite for its implementation is compliance with strict bed rest the day before. At the end diagnostic procedure in the event of an occlusive or parietal form of thrombosis, patients should immediately begin active therapy.

Treatment

Deep vein thrombosis treatment methods depend on the causes of the disease, the presence / absence of complications. The age of the patient is also important, as well as general state his health.

Conservative therapy is indicated in cases where the thrombus does not completely clog the vessel, sits firmly in place, and the likelihood of its separation is unlikely. Treatment objective:

restoration of normal patency of veins;
prevention of thrombus destruction and prevention of the possibility of vascular embolism of vital organs;
elimination of tissue damage.

Thrombolytic therapy - type drug treatment... The main task of this method is to restore blood flow in the vascular bed. It is achieved by dissolving a blood clot. The method consists in activating the fibrinolytic properties of blood by converting plasminogen into plasmin - the active form. The drugs used in the thrombolytic method of treatment differ from heparins in their principle of action. If heparins only inhibit the formation of clots, then thrombolytics destroy the already present blockages in the veins. This method of treating DVT is most effective in the first three days after the formation of a blood clot.

Anticoagulant therapy is indicated for all patients with deep vein thrombosis. Treatment should begin with injections of blood thinners. It is preferable to use low molecular weight heparins (LMWH) or fondaparinux with a gradual transition in the future to indirect drugs (Warfarin).

Elastic compression consists of wearing compression stockings(Grade 2-3). If the patient has obliterating diseases of the arteries of the legs, compression hosiery should be used with caution.

Compression therapy is contraindicated if the systolic pressure in the tibial posterior artery is less than 80 mm Hg. Art. It is often used as a concomitant therapy in surgical interventions to remove blood clots.

Surgical methods

If the patient's condition allows, then in urgent cases or with individual intolerance drugs blood clots are removed by surgery. Also, during the operation, the patency of the vein cavity is restored while maintaining the functions of the valves.

Important! The cause of PE (pulmonary embolism) in most cases is untreated deep vein thrombosis.

Considering the high percentage of deaths from the penetration of detached blood clots into the lungs, great importance is attached to the prevention of their formation during surgery.

So, for several days before the operation and in the postoperative period, the doctor prescribes the patient wearing compression stockings or imposing elastic bandage... On the second day after the operation, exercise therapy is prescribed. If the patient is paralyzed, massage is prescribed.

Prophylaxis

In order to prevent the formation of blood clots, blood thinners are prescribed to patients with impaired heart function. Also, thrombosis of the femoral vein can be prevented if it is regularly treated general examination... A timely diagnosis of DVT prevents many serious complications:

thrombophlebitis with the threat of sepsis;
gangrene of the limbs and internal organs;
infarction pneumonia as a result of thrombosis of the small branches of the pulmonary artery.

Nutrition

The substances that we get from food can affect the density of the blood in different ways. With increased clotting, in order to avoid the formation of blood clots, it is necessary to limit or completely exclude from the diet:

lard, fatty meat and sausages, canned meat, butter;
white pastries;
legumes (beans, peas, soybeans, lentils);
rose hips, black currants, black chokeberries;
bananas and pomegranates;
walnuts.

TO useful products with a tendency to thrombus formation include boiled lean meat, fish, cottage cheese and kefir, vegetable oil... Very helpful fresh herbs(dill, parsley, onion), garlic, tomatoes. From fruits and berries, you can use everything except prohibited ones. If the patient does not have diabetes mellitus and he is not overweight, chocolate is allowed.

In addition to diet, it is very important to follow the drinking regimen. In addition to tea, coffee, juices, compotes and other drinks per day, you need to drink on average about 2 liters of simple drinking water. Sufficient amount body fluids can have a positive effect on blood viscosity, preventing blood clots from forming.