Synonyms: CMV IgM, Cytomegalovirus Antibody IgM, Antibodies to CMV IgM, Antibodies to herpes virus type 5 IgM
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Period of execution
The analysis will be ready within 1 day, excluding Saturday and Sunday (except for the day of taking the biomaterial). You will receive the results by email. mail immediately when ready.
Completion time: 2 days, excluding Saturday and Sunday (except for the day of taking biomaterial)Preparing for analysis
In advanceDo not take a blood test immediately after radiography, fluorography, ultrasound, or physical procedures.
The day before24 hours before blood collection:
Limit fatty and fried foods, do not drink alcohol.
Avoid heavy physical activity.
For at least 4 hours before donating blood, do not eat food, drink only clean, still water.
On the day of deliveryDo not smoke 60 minutes before blood collection.
Be in a calm state for 15-30 minutes before taking blood.
Analysis information
Cytomegalovirus (CMV, Antibodies to CMV IgG, Cytomegalovirus Antibody IgG, CMV IgG) is a virus belonging to the herpes family and is widespread. People of all ages are susceptible to this infection. Infection with the virus occurs through sexual contact, nutrition, airborne droplets, in utero (from mother to fetus), as well as through direct contact with infected people. biological fluids, during blood transfusion and organ transplantation.
In most cases, the infection is asymptomatic, but in newborns and in people with immunodeficiency, cytomegalovirus can cause serious complications. Severe course cytomegalovirus infection It is also observed in patients with congenital or acquired cellular defects of the immune system, cancer patients, organ transplant patients and AIDS patients.
Research method - Chemiluminescent immunoassay
Material for research - Blood serum
Composition and results
Antibodies to cytomegalovirus IgM
Cytomegalovirus infection is caused by a virus belonging to the herpes virus family. This widespread infection is characterized by lifelong persistence of the virus in the body, and in some cases, reactivation of the virus and relapse of infection may occur. In the USA, the incidence of this viral infection reaches about 60 - 70%, and in some parts of Africa can reach 100%. Most people (40 - 90%) acquire primary cytomegalovirus infection in childhood or adult life. Antibodies to CMV are detected in the blood of 40-100% of adults, and the frequency of detection of seropositive results is inversely correlated with the socioeconomic status of the person.
The infection is transmitted through close contact through infected body secretions: saliva, urine, cervical and vaginal secretions, semen, milk and blood. Cytomegalovirus infection usually occurs in a mild asymptomatic form. However, with primary infection of a woman during pregnancy, there is high risk intrauterine transmission. One of the first places for intrauterine infection of the fetus belongs to CMV infection. When infected intrauterinely, cytomegalovirus infection often leads to miscarriage, fetal death immediately after birth, or the birth of a child with congenital CMV infection. Intrauterine infection manifests itself almost immediately after the birth of a child and leads to the following malformations: hydrocele, underdeveloped brain, jaundice, enlarged liver and spleen, hepatitis, heart defects, pneumonia, congenital deformities. The baby may be delayed mental development, cerebral palsy, epilepsy, deafness, muscle weakness. Less commonly, congenital cytomegalovirus infection manifests itself only in the 2nd to 5th year of a child’s life with deafness, blindness, speech inhibition, psychomotor disorders, lag in mental development. Such serious disorders lead to the fact that primary cytomegalovirus infection, detected in the early stages of pregnancy, is an indication for its termination. The proportion of prenatally infected people is approximately 0.2-2.5%.
Approximately 10% of seropositive women experience reactivation of CMV infection during pregnancy, but the rate of fetal infection in cases of reactivation is about 1%, compared with a 40% chance of vertical transmission in cases of primary infection in a pregnant woman. After primary CMV infection, the patient may be reinfected with exogenous virus or reactivation of latent CMV infection may occur. In adults, the infection is asymptomatic; in people with reduced immunity, CMV can occur with serious illnesses liver, lungs, kidneys and heart. The risk of developing a severe form of the disease also exists for patients with immunodeficiency conditions: patients in organ transplant departments, HIV-infected patients in whom CMV infection occurs in severe form and poses a threat to life. For the treatment of such patients, only CMV seronegative blood products should be used.
The first step in diagnosing primary acute CMV infection is usually the detection of anti-CMV-specific IgG and IgM antibodies. An increase in antibodies to CMV IgM indicates an acute, recent or reactivated infection. To confirm the diagnosis of primary CMV infection, CMV IgG antibody avidity analysis is used as an additional test. Positive result for IgM antibodies in combination with low index The avidity of IgG antibodies indicates a primary CMV infection that occurred within 4 months before the analysis. Based only on clinical and laboratory examination(determination of antibodies to CMV in the blood, detection of cytomegalovirus DNA PCR method) the doctor can diagnose a cytomegalovirus infection.
Interpretation of the results of the study "Antibodies to cytomegalovirus IgM"
Interpretation of test results is for informational purposes only, is not a diagnosis and does not replace medical advice. Reference values may differ from those indicated depending on the equipment used, the actual values will be indicated on the results form.
- S/CO< 0,9 – результат отрицательный
- S/CO 0.9 – 1.1 result is doubtful (gray zone)
- S/CO > 1.1 – positive result
A positive result can be with primary infection, reinfection and long-standing infection with long-term persistence. increased level IgM antibodies. Questionable result: when low levels antibodies, the result can be assessed as doubtful. If IgG antibodies to CMV are detected in a given sample, the avidity of these antibodies must be examined to obtain information about the duration of the disease. Negative result studies of antibodies of the IgM and IgG classes do not always exclude acute infection, the study must be repeated after 2-3 weeks.
Unit of measurement: Unit
Reference values:
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Is cytomegalovirus dangerous?
Hello, please tell me, I was tested for viruses, cytomegalovirus IgG negative, IgM positive 1.2 when the norm is 1.0. Duration 11 weeks. Does this seriously threaten the baby? Herpes is also positive, but it is IgG and, as I understand it, it is not dangerous. And even before taking the test, I had to eat a little and did not take the test on an empty stomach, since on an empty stomach one vomits and may faint, could this have influenced and given a false result?
please decipher UAC
Child 1.9 was tested again after some kind of viral infection, where mononuclear cells slipped through. Hemoglobin (HGB) 125 g/l red blood cells (RBC) 4.41 10^12/l white blood cells (WBC) 7.4 10^3/μl hematocrit (HCT) 38.3% Mean erythrocyte volume (MCV) 86.7 fL 80-100 fL mean hemoglobin content in erythrocyte (MCH) 28.3 pg/ml 27-34 pg/ml anisocytosis rate of erythrocytes 13.3% 11.5-14.5% (RDW_CV) platelets (PLT) 345 10^3/μl ESR 7 mm/hour Leukocyte formula: band neutrophils 1% 1- 6% segmented neutrophils 30.5% 47-72% eosinophils 2.9% 0.5-5% monocytes 14.1% 3-11% lymphocytes...
Cytomegalovirus IgG positive- the result of a biochemical study that confirms the presence of this herpes virus in the blood. In the vast majority of cases, the presence of pathogens in the body does not harm the health of an adult or child. But it is extremely, even deadly, dangerous for people with reduced immunity. Due to the weakening of the protective forces, cytomegaloviruses rapidly multiply and invade healthy tissues and organs.
In this article we will address the issue of IgG antibodies, which are produced in response to the introduction of cytomegalovirus into the human body.
Characteristic features of cytomegaloviruses
Cytomegalovirus is a genus of viruses from the Betaherpesvirinae subfamily of the Herpesviridae family. According to numerous studies among the world's population great amount virus carriers and persons with a latent form of infection.
The fact of detection of serum IgG antibodies to cytomegaloviruses is recognized as evidence of human infection. This is an indicator that the human body has already encountered the pathogen. Most adults become infected with these members of the herpesvirus family during their lifetime, with 15% of cases occurring in childhood.
The penetration of cytomegaloviruses into the body does not go unnoticed by the immune system. It begins to intensively produce antibodies - high-molecular proteins immunoglobulins, or Ig. When they come into contact with viruses, antigen-antibody complexes are formed. In this form, infectious pathogens are easily vulnerable to T-lymphocytes - cells of the leukocyte blood unit responsible for the destruction of foreign proteins.
At the initial stage of immune defense, only IgM to cytomegalovirus is produced. They are designed to neutralize cytomegaloviruses directly in the blood. But these antibodies only reduce the activity of pathogens, so a certain amount of them manages to penetrate the cells. Then the production of IgM slows down and soon stops altogether. Only with sluggish chronic infection These antibodies are always present in the systemic circulation.
Soon the immune system begins to produce IgG antibodies. Immunoglobulins are involved in the process of destroying infectious agents. But after the virus is destroyed, they remain in the human blood forever. Antibodies G provide cellular and humoral immunity. If reintroduced, cytomegaloviruses will be quickly detected and destroyed immediately.
For 2-8 weeks after infection with cytomegalovirus, IgG and immunoglobulin A antibodies circulate in the blood simultaneously. Their main function is to prevent the adsorption of agents to the cell surface human body. IgA ceases to be produced immediately after pathogens enter the intercellular space.
Who should be tested for CMV antibodies?
At sharp decline immunity cytomegalovirus (CMV) are activated, but this usually does not cause serious problems with health in children and adults. Clinically, the infection is manifested by fever, weakness, malaise, headaches and joint pain, and runny nose. That is, it disguises itself as laryngitis, pharyngitis, and tonsillitis, which are widespread in childhood. Therefore, when frequent colds The child requires testing for the presence of IgG antibodies to determine further therapeutic tactics.
Necessarily biochemical analysis indicated in the following cases:
- pregnancy planning;
- identifying the causes of developmental disorders in newborns;
- assessment of the functioning of the immune system in patients with immunodeficiency conditions or malignant neoplasms;
- preparation for chemotherapy with drugs that suppress the immune system;
- planning to donate blood for transfusion to other people (donation).
An IgG test is also prescribed when symptoms characteristic of acute or chronic cytomegalovirus infection appear. So in men the testicles and prostate can be affected, in women the inflammation affects more the cervix and inner layer uterus, vagina, ovaries.
Detection method
IgG antibodies can be detected by performing an ELISA - enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The study is highly sensitive and informative. If IgG to cytomegalovirus circulates in a person’s blood, they will definitely be detected. The analysis also allows you to determine the form of infection and the stage of its course.
It is possible to detect IgM or IgG cytomegalovirus in the bloodstream in laboratory conditions in a relatively short time. The enzyme immunoassay is based on the antigen-antibody reaction. Serum is usually used as a biological sample. venous blood. It is placed in eraser plates with several wells. Each of them contains a specific purified antigen to cytomegalovirus IgG and IgM antibodies.
Among infections with a hidden course, it deserves special attention from doctors. It primarily affects people with weakened immune systems and is often found in children and pregnant women. An antibody test to cytomegalovirus helps identify the presence of the pathogen.
What does antibody to cytomegalovirus mean?
Cytomegalovirus infection (CMV) is a common viral infection of the body by a pathogenic agent belonging to the group of herpes viruses. Distinctive feature This virus is characterized by the long-term persistence of its residual forms in the body: after infection, a person remains a carrier for almost life. At risk are children 5–6 years old, adults 16–30 years old and pregnant women.
As a result of prolonged persistence in the body, the virus negatively affects the immune system. As a result, the body’s defense reaction begins, during which specific antibodies to cytomegalovirus IgG and IgM are formed. Their presence in the bloodstream indicates a current infection in the body or recent infection with CMV.
Antibodies to CMV IgM
IgM antibodies (immunoglobulins class M) present in the body indicate the presence of a current infection. It can be primary or recurrent. Availability of this type antibodies in the bloodstream is an indication for repeated studies. They are carried out after 10–14 days. This allows doctors to know what stage the infection is at. The results are assessed as follows:
- Rapid decline in IgM antibody titers– infection has occurred recently or the infection is worsening.
- Slow, gradual drop in titer– indicates the end of the active phase of the disease.
Antibodies to CMV IgG
Antibodies to CMV class G are present in the human body during latent infection and during exacerbation, as well as during primary infection. The level of these immunoglobulins increases in the first weeks after infection of the body and can remain high for several years. Except quantitative characteristics, IgG avidity is also taken into account.
This term refers to the strength with which the resulting antibody binds to the antigen. The higher the indicator, the faster the binding of antigens to viral proteins occurs. Based on the nature of this indicator, doctors are able to determine when the infection occurred in the body.
Using an IgG test, doctors determine:
- whether the patient had previously been initiated with CMV;
- whether the observed symptoms are related to CMV.
Analysis for cytomegalovirus
Determination of antibodies to cytomegalovirus IGg and IgM is the main method for diagnosing infection. For IgM, the laboratory report form indicates a qualitative characteristic: the patient finds “positive” or “negative”. To evaluate IgGB in the results laboratory research display antibody titer - this is a quantitative characteristic.
When do you get tested for cytomegalovirus?
Before being tested for cytomegalovirus, the patient must undergo preparation. It is practically no different from that which is carried out on the eve of a regular blood test. Thus, blood sampling for testing is carried out in the morning on an empty stomach - to correctly display the test results. Blood is taken from the cubital vein.
A CMV immunoglobulin test may be prescribed in the following cases:
- the process of preparing for pregnancy;
- presence of signs in the baby;
- immunosuppression: HIV, neoplastic diseases, taking cytostatics;
- suspicion of mononucleosis;
- hepato-splenomegaly of unknown origin;
- increased concentration of liver transaminases;
- atypical pneumonia in children;
Analysis for cytomegalovirus is normal
When antibodies to CMV are in the body in normal concentration or absent, the conclusion indicates “negative”. This means that the body is not infected or no more than 2-3 weeks have passed since the virus entered the body, during which the concentration of antibodies has not yet reached high values. In order to exclude this option, repeated analysis is carried out after 14 days. Reference values are fixed when antibodies to cytomegalovirus do not exceed 0–0.5 U/ml.
Quantitative determination of antibodies to cytomegalovirus
Only a doctor should evaluate the results of laboratory tests. By comparing the obtained values with normal values, doctors draw conclusions regarding the need for further monitoring of the patient. Above is a table indicating the standard that antibodies to cytomegalovirus IgM and IgG must meet. Based on its meaning, doctors adhere to the following tactics:
- IgG(-) IgM(-)– a repeat test is performed if the result is obtained during pregnancy (once every 3 months);
- IgG(+) IgM(-)– the patient has immunity after an infection and does not need observation. If an active infection is suspected, the test is repeated after 10–14 days;
- IgG(-) IgM(+)– repeat the test after 21 days to exclude the onset of the active stage of infection or a false positive result;
- IgG(+) IgM(+)– possible availability acute stage infections, perform an avidity test.
Avidity of antibodies to cytomegalovirus
The avidity of IGg antibodies to cytomegalovirus is determined in the case of a positive test for IgM. Avidity (Latin – avidity) is the nature of the strength of the formed bond between antibody and antigen. Initially, during the formation of an immune response, IgG antibodies have low avidity. Over time, this figure increases. This gives doctors an idea of the time that has passed since the body became infected.
Thus, an avidity index of up to 35% is observed when infection occurred 3–5 months ago. However, it must be taken into account that the detection of low-avidity IgG antibodies cannot be considered as confirmation of recent infection of the body with the virus. Recent primary infection can be excluded when the avidity of antibodies to cytomegalovirus exceeds 42%.
Antibodies to CMV during pregnancy
CMV infection is dangerous for the pregnant woman and her unborn baby. In women with this infection, there is increased risk fetal infection. However, if a pregnant woman was infected several months ago, then the risk of transmitting the virus to the fetus is minimal. Interpretation of test results for IgM, IgG during pregnancy is carried out as follows.
Cytomegalovirus is a virus belonging to the herpesvirus family. This virus has a high prevalence in the human population.
Ten to fifteen percent of adolescents and forty percent of adults have antibodies to cytomegalovirus in their blood.
The incubation period is quite long - up to two months. During this period, the disease is always asymptomatic. Then a pronounced manifest beginning. Which is provoked by stress, hypothermia, or simply reduced immunity.
The symptoms are very similar to acute respiratory infections or acute respiratory viral infections. The body temperature rises, the head hurts severely, and general discomfort occurs. An untreated virus can result in inflammation of the lungs and joints, brain damage, or other dangerous diseases. The infection remains in the body throughout a person’s life.
The year the virus was discovered is 1956. It is still being actively studied, its action and manifestations. Every year brings new knowledge.
The contagiousness of the virus is low.
Routes of transmission: sexual, household contact (through kisses and saliva), from mother to child, through blood products.
Infected people are usually asymptomatic. But sometimes, in those who suffer from poor immunity, the disease manifests itself as a mononucleosis-like syndrome.
It is characterized by increased body temperature, feelings of chills, fatigue and general malaise and severe pain in the head. Mononucleosis-like syndrome has a happy ending - recovery.
There is a particular danger for two categories of people - those who weak immunity and infants infected in utero from a sick mother.
An increase in the titer of antibodies in the blood to cytomegalovirus by four times or even more indicates activation of cytomegalovirus.
What does cytomegalovirus IgG positive mean?
At positive decoding analysis to determine IgG antibodies to cytomegalovirus infection, what is the conclusion?
The human immune system successfully coped with cytomegalovirus infection about a month ago, or even more.
This organism has developed a lifelong, stable immunity. About 90% of people are carriers, so there is no norm of antibodies to this virus. There is also no concept of increased or decreased level.
Determination of antibodies to cytomegalovirus is only necessary to establish the correct diagnosis.
Cytomegalovirus infection is considered to be the presence of a virus in a PCR analysis, when material containing certain DNA is examined.
From the tenth to fourteenth day after infection, IgG antibodies to cytomegalovirus infection appear in the blood. Antibodies easily pass through the placenta. Therefore, newborns are not always infected; it may be the mother's immunoglobulins.
The level of immunoglobulin in the blood is checked after three weeks to clarify the diagnosis and the severity of the process. The process is considered active if the level of immunoglobulins increases.
Cytomegalovirus in children
Cytomegalovirus infection is very similar to herpes infection. And it happens often too.
Even if the infection occurred in early childhood, but a person has good strong immunity all his life, then a cytomegalovirus infection may never manifest itself. A person is only a virus carrier all his life.
There are children who suffer greatly from cytomegalovirus:
- those exposed to intrauterine infection, since the placental barrier is not an obstacle to cytomegalovirus;
- newborns with weak and unstable immunity;
- at any age, with a severely weakened immune system, or, for example, in patients with AIDS.
Infection is most often diagnosed using ELISA ( enzyme immunoassay). This method can determine not only the presence of cytomegalovirus infection in the child’s body. But it’s also possible to say for sure whether it is congenital or acquired.
For newborns, cytomegalovirus is Infectious mononucleosis. Affected lymphatic system – The lymph nodes increase, become inflamed tonsils, the liver and spleen enlarge, it becomes difficult to breathe.
In addition, congenital infection is characterized by:
- prematurity;
- squint;
- jaundice of newborns;
- disorders of swallowing and sucking reflexes.
Poor nasal breathing can cause the following symptoms:
- loss of appetite and weight loss;
- sleep disorders;
- crying and worrying.
Congenital infection of a child most often occurs in utero. But sometimes through birth canal mother or breast milk when feeding.
Most often, a very dangerous asymptomatic course of cytomegalovirus infection is observed. Even two months after being born into this world.
For such children, complications are possible:
- 20% of children with asymptomatic, actively occurring cytomegalovirus after months are characterized by the presence of severe convulsions, abnormal movements of the limbs, changes in the bones (for example, in the skull), and insufficient body weight;
- after five years, 50% have speech impairment, intellect suffers, the cardiovascular system is affected and vision is severely affected.
If a child becomes infected at a later time, and not during the neonatal period, when the immune system is already well formed, then there are practically no consequences.
Most often, it is asymptomatic or reminiscent of classic childhood ARVI.
Characterized by:
- lethargy and drowsiness;
- cervical lymphadenitis;
- pain in the musculoskeletal system (muscles and joints);
- chills and low-grade fever.
This lasts two weeks – two months. Ends with self-healing. Very rarely, if the disease does not go away for two to three months, it is necessary medical consultation and treatment.
Most early diagnosis cytomegalovirus infection and timely treatment, significantly reduce the risk of complications. It is best to start treatment within seven to nine days after infection. Then the cytomegalovirus infection will not leave a trace.
Cytomegalovirus in women
Cytomegalovirus infection in females occurs in chronic form. Most often this is asymptomatic, but sometimes symptoms are present. A weak immune system contributes to the active manifestation of the disease.
Unfortunately, cytomegalovirus infection affects women at any age. Provoking factors are cancer, HIV infection or AIDS, and gastrointestinal pathologies. Another similar effect is observed from taking antitumor drugs and antidepressants.
In its acute form, the infection is characterized by damage to the cervical lymph nodes.
Then there is an increase in the submandibular, axillary and inguinal lymph nodes. As I already said, such clinical picture similar to infectious mononucleosis. It is characterized by headache, general feeling unwell, hepatomegaly, atypical mononuclear cells in the blood.
Immunodeficiency (for example, HIV infection) causes a severe, generalized form of cytomegalovirus infection. Are affected internal organs, blood vessels, nerves and salivary glands. Cytomegalovirus hepatitis, pneumonia, retinitis and sialadenitis occur.
Nine out of ten women with AIDS have cytomegalovirus infection. They are characterized by bilateral pneumonia and encephalitis.
Encephalitis is characterized by dementia and memory loss.
Women with AIDS and cytomegalovirus suffer from polyradiculopathy. Such women are characterized by damage to the kidneys, liver, pancreas, eyes and MPS organs.
Cytomegalovirus during pregnancy
An infection that comes from a person who has acute form diseases, the worst option for pregnant women.
There are still no antibodies in the pregnant woman's blood.
The active virus of an infecting person passes through all barriers without difficulty and has a detrimental effect on the child. According to statistics, this happens in half of infections.
If factors that weaken the immune system aggravate latent virus carriage, then this is a less dangerous situation.
There are already immunoglobulins (IgG) in the blood, the virus is weakened and not so active. The virus is dangerous by infecting the fetus in only two percent of cases. Early dates Pregnancies are more dangerous in terms of infection. Pregnancy often ends in spontaneous miscarriage. Or the fetus develops abnormally.
Infection with cytomegalovirus infection for more than later pregnancy leads to polyhydramnios or premature birth(“congenital cytomegaly”). Unfortunately, it is impossible to completely destroy cytomegalovirus in the body. But you can make it inactive. Therefore, pregnant women and those planning to become pregnant should be especially careful about their health. Cytomegalovirus is very dangerous for the fetus.
Cytomegalovirus IgM positive
IgM is the first protective barrier against all kinds of viruses. They do not have a specification, but they are produced urgently, as a response to the penetration of cytomegalovirus infection into the body.
An IgM test is carried out to determine:
- primary infection by the virus (maximum antibody titer);
- stages of aggravated cytomegalovirus (the number of the virus is growing and the number of IgM is growing);
- reinfection (a new strain of cytomegalovirus has caused infection).
Later, from IgM, specific antibodies, IgG, are formed. If the strength of the immune system does not decrease, then IgG will fight cytomegalovirus all their lives. The IgG antibody titer is highly specific. From it you can determine the specification of the virus. Despite the fact that an IgM test shows the presence of any virus in the material being tested.
The number of cytomegalovirus is subject to control by immunoglobulin G, preventing the development of a picture of an acute disease.
If the results are “IgM positive” and “IgG negative”, this indicates an acute recent infection and the absence of permanent immunity against CMV. An exacerbation of a chronic infection is characterized by indicators when IgG and IgM are present in the blood. The body is in a stage of serious deterioration of immunity.
There has already been infection in the past (IgG), but the body cannot cope, and nonspecific IgM appears.
Presence of positive IgG and negative IgM the best test result is for a pregnant woman. She has specific immunity, which means the child will not get sick.
If the situation is the opposite, with positive IgM and negative IgG, then this is also not scary. This indicates a secondary infection that is being fought in the body, which means there should be no complications.
It’s worse if there are no antibodies at all, of both classes. This indicates a special situation. Although this situation is very rare.
IN modern society Almost all women are infected with the infection.
Treatment of cytomegalovirus and treatment results
If a person has a healthy immune system, then he can cope with cytomegalovirus infection on his own. You don't have to carry out any therapeutic actions. Immunity will only be weakened if treated for a cytomegalovirus infection that does not manifest itself. Drug treatment necessary only when immune defense does not cope and the infection actively intensifies.
Pregnant women also do not need treatment if they have specific IgG antibodies in their blood.
At positive analysis for IgM, for translation acute condition during the latent course of the disease. It must always be remembered that medicines from cytomegalovirus infection have many side effects. Therefore, only a knowledgeable specialist can prescribe them; self-medication should be avoided.
The active stage of infection is the presence of positive IgM. It is necessary to take into account other test results. It is especially necessary to monitor the presence of antibodies in the body for pregnant and immunodeficient people.
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