Lyuba Pataenko, Julia Kotunova
Project Manager:
Rysakova Lyubov Borisovna
Institution:
MBOU "Ustinskaya Secondary School" Vyazhlinsky branch, Tambov region. Morshansky district
This research work on the surrounding world "Nettle - an amazing plant" conducted in elementary schools, we plan to find out whether nettles might be beneficial. In the project we study nettles, find out why nettles sting, collect material about it useful properties Oh.
In elementary school in progress research paper on the surrounding world about nettles we will find out why nettle, being a weed, brings so many benefits to people.
In the presented research project on the surrounding world "Nettle - an amazing plant" students primary school learned where nettle grows, what its beneficial properties are, and how nettle is used in medicine, cooking and cosmetology.
Introduction
1. Main part
1.1. Research on nettles, why they sting.
1.2. Where does nettle grow?
1.3. Useful properties of nettle.
1.4. Nettle in medicine.
1.5. Nettle in cooking.
1.6. Nettle in cosmetology.
1.7. Nettle is a magical plant.
1.8. Use of nettle by humans.
Conclusion
Literature.
Introduction
I grow in ravines, in meadows
If you touch it, I'll burn you.
Gorda, unpretentious
Green (...).
As part of our research project we became very interested in what people collect and use nettles for.
With our research we want to prove that nettles should be valued because... she is a treasure trove of many useful substances and very useful for humans.
Hypothesis: Suppose that nettle brings many benefits to humans, although it is a weed.
Purpose of the study: Find out if nettle can be beneficial.
Tasks:
- Explore nettles;
- Find out why nettle stings;
- Collect and study material about the beneficial properties of nettle;
- Find out for what purposes people use nettles;
- Introduce your classmates to the results of the study;
- Refute or confirm the hypothesis put forward.
Object of study: nettle.
Main part
Nettle(lat. Urtīca) is a genus of flowering plants in the nettle family.
The stems and leaves are covered with stinging hairs, which give the plant its name. (lat. ūrō « I'm burning»).
The most widespread in Russia are stinging nettle (Urtica dioica L.) And stinging nettle (Urtica urens L.).
Research on nettles, why they sting
Using microscopes, we conducted our own study of nettle leaves. It immediately became clear to us why nettles sting.
Why do nettles sting?
The hairs on the branches and leaves of nettle are very sharp. Each of them is like the needle of a small syringe, from which formic acid flows out, which causes a burn.
The hairs on the branches and leaves of nettle are very sharp.
Each of them is like the needle of a small syringe, from which formic acid flows out, which causes a burn.
Where does nettle grow?
- in shady forests;
- under the trees;
- in bushes;
- in clearings, along forest edges;
- along the banks of rivers and streams, ravines;
- as a weed near homes and roads, in gardens and vegetable gardens.
Useful properties of nettle
May nettle the most useful.
There is ten times more iron and copper in nettles than in cabbage, two times more vitamin C than in black currants and four times more than in lemon, more carotene than in carrots, and more vitamin K. than in spinach.
About proteins, organic acids, tannins, essential oils, sugars and other biologically active substances There’s not even anything to say – there are a lot of them in nettles.
- stops bleeding
Kidney;
- Bladder;
- liver;
- gallbladder.
Also,
- with vitamin deficiency;
- for tuberculosis;
- in case of metabolic disorders;
- during influenza epidemics;
- in the treatment of festering wounds and ulcers.
Nettle is used in preparation:
- salads;
- liquid cakes;
- pies.
Nettle in cosmetology
- hair strengthening shampoos;
- nettle masks;
- hand creams, ointments;
- nettle lotions.
Bunches of nettles are hung in the house, this protects the house and owners from evil spirits. Witches and mermaids are also very afraid of this burning plant, even its smell. Nettles were woven into rugs, bracelets and various amulets.
- protects the house from evil spirits;
- exorcise evil spirits;
- a sure remedy against witches and mermaids;
- rugs were woven;
- brooms were used;
- amulets were made.
Voitenko Olga
Target works: studying the beneficial properties of nettle to broaden your horizons and use the acquired knowledge in life.
Tasks:
1. Find and study information on this topic.
2. Find out why nettle stings.
3. Find out what properties it has.
4. Find out the meaning of the plant for humans and animals.
5. Conduct your own research.
6. Analyze the results obtained.
7. Draw conclusions.
Research methods:
search, questionnaire, survey, observation, experience, experiment.
Conclusions:
1. The name “nettle” translated from Latin means “stinging.”
2. Nettle may be different types. Stinging nettle grows in my garden.
3. The nettle burns with formic acid, which flows from very sharp hairs, which are damaged when we touch the nettle. Young and wilted nettles do not sting.
4. Nettle brings great benefit for humans and animals: it feeds and heals.
5. Nettle is a natural dye.
6. Nettles can be used to make fabrics.
7. Nettle - green fertilizer for plants.
I was able to change my attitude towards this amazing plant and you shouldn’t scold her at all just because she knows how to defend herself.
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Introduction
I live in rural areas, I help the family by working in the garden, weeding the beds. One day, in a thicket of weeds, a nettle stung me painfully. In my heart I exclaimed: “Why does nature need this burning weed? It would be better if it didn’t exist at all!” Mom objected to me: “Even though nettle is a weed, it is very useful.” I wanted to know why nettle is useful.
Motive for the study:desire to learn about the beneficial properties of nettle.
Hypothesis: I assume that studying the topic “Nettle” will broaden my horizons and help me apply the acquired knowledge in practice.
The purpose of my work: studying the beneficial properties of nettle to broaden your horizons and use the acquired knowledge in life.
I set myself the following tasks :
- Find and study information on this topic.
- Find out why nettles sting.
- Find out what properties it has.
- Find out the meaning of the plant for humans and animals.
- Do your own research.
- Analyze the results obtained.
- Draw conclusions.
I used the followingresearch methods:
search, questionnaire, survey, observation, experience, experiment.
Object of study: nettle
Subject of study:properties and practical significance of nettle.
Main part
In order to find out the relevance of the topic of my research, I conducted a survey of classmates (Appendix 1).
Classmates answered questions: are they familiar with the plant - nettle, why does it sting, can nettle be useful?
During the analysis of the questionnaires, I found that out of the 20 classmates surveyed, everyone was familiar with the nettle plant. Everyone answered unequivocally that they do not know why nettle stings and would like to know about it; only 8 people know that nettle is used by humans as medicinal plant, the remaining 12 people do not know the benefits of nettle. I concluded that research on nettles - actual topic for the students in my class.
From literary and Internet sources I learned that the name “nettle” translated from Latin means “stinging”, and now it becomes clear why this plant was called that way. But there are other options for the origin of the word “nettle”. According to one version, the word “nettle” came to us from the Old Russian meaning of the word “silk”, or coprina. According to another version, among the leaves of the plant, green flowers hang in small clusters, the fruits of which are very similar, from a distance, to specks. These “speckles” may have given the plant its name.
There are riddles about nettles in Russian literature, here are the ones I found:
- What kind of grass does a blind man know?
- Don’t touch this potion: it burns painfully, like fire.
- Ax, don’t touch me: I’ll burn you even without fire!
- Angry as a she-wolf, burns like mustard!
- Just touch it and pull your palm away: the grass burns like fire.
- The green boiling water burned my bare legs.
There are proverbs and sayings about nettles:
- The nettle seed is an evil seed; you cannot brew beer from it.
- If there were no frost on the nettles, there would be no way with it.
- The one who gets up first will collect the mushrooms, but the sleepy and lazy ones go after the nettles.
- Dealing with someone else is like sitting in nettles.
And Samuil Yakovlevich Marshak gave his friendly advice: “Don’t sit on nettles, if you do sit down, don’t be angry!”
From literary and Internet sources I learned that nettle can be of different types: stinging nettle,stinging nettle, hemp, ball-bearing,cistus leaf , Kyiv, nettle tree. The most widespread in Russia arestinging nettle And stinging nettle . I wondered what the difference was between these two types of nettles. From literary sources I learned that stinging nettle is a tall perennial, reaches up to 150 cm. Stinging nettle grows shorter, in Ukraine it is called that - small nettle. Its height does not reach more than 60 cm. In addition, stinging nettle branches much more strongly, and there are more stems on one plant. The leaves of stinging nettle are larger and more elongated. Stinging nettle has rounded leaves with deep, blunt teeth. IN different areas from our garden, I collected 5 specimens of nettles and determined that they were stinging nettles (Appendix 1)
Both stinging nettle and stinging nettle have stems and leaves with sharp hairs.
But why do these hairs cause a burn?
To answer this question, I decided to examine a sprig of nettle under a microscope. Under a microscope, I saw that the hairs on the twigs and leaves of the nettle were very sharp. Each of them is like the needle of a small syringe. I assumed that if you touch nettles, these hairs can damage the skin and cause irritation. I decided to test my assumption through an experiment.
Experiment No. 1. Effect of nettle hairs on the skin (Appendix 1)
Hypothesis: I assume that if you touch the nettle, the hairs can damage the skin and cause irritation.
I hit my gloved hand with a nettle sprig. I looked at the twig through the microscope. Some of the hairs were broken and some liquid was leaking from them.
Conclusion: my hypothesis was partially confirmed: when you touch nettles, the hairs damage the skin, but irritation is caused by the liquid contained in these hairs.
To get information about this liquid, I turned to biology teacher Elena Alekseevna Brazhnikova. She explained to me that it was formic acid leaking out, and all acids cause burns. This means that formic acid gets on scratched skin and causes irritation on the skin in the form of swollen red blisters. This turns out to be why nettles burn even without fire!
Under what conditions will nettle not burn? To answer this question, I conducted experiments.
Experience No. 1. The influence of the age of nettles on its “stinginess”(Appendix 2)
I took a sprig of nettle that had grown 10 cm from the surface of the earth. She ran her hand over the leaves. The nettle didn't burn.
Conclusion: The age of the nettle affects its “stinginess”. Young nettles do not burn. You can pick it without gloves.
Experience No. 2. The influence of the “freshness” of nettles on its “pungency”(Appendix 2)
I picked a sprig of nettles and put it on dry towel. After 2 hours, the nettle branch withered. She ran her hand over the leaves. The nettle didn't burn, I was even able to cut it.
Conclusion: Wilted nettle does not burn.
From literary sources I learned thatNettle is rich in vitamins A, B vitamins, as well as E and K. At the same time, nettle contains a number of microelements: iron, copper, magnesium, calcium, silicon. Nettle contains tannins, chlorophyll, tannins, organic acids, phytoncides, glycosides and others. Here it is great content various elements, vitamins and substances and allows nettle to provide a wide variety of medicinal, preventive actions on our body. It significantly increases the body's resistance to many toxins, bacteria, harmful effects radiation, and also helps strengthen the immune system.
I took a trip to the pharmacy and found out that nettle is included in herbal infusions. The medicinal properties of nettle are used in the treatment of such serious diseases as cholelithiasis, kidney stones, liver disease, heart disease, bronchitis, tuberculosis, edema, bronchial asthma. Nettle has antibactericidal properties. Therefore, it can be used in the treatment of open wounds, various skin diseases. Many creams, ointments and shampoos contain nettle. Thus, nettle can be called a “green healer”.
Fresh and dried herbs are used as medicinal raw materials. Nettle leaves are collected from May to August during the flowering time of the plant. Work is carried out with gloves in dry weather. When collecting raw materials, the leaves are torn off the stem. For large volumes of harvesting, the nettles are mowed or cut with a knife. Nettle leaves and stems should not be dried. The pigment contained in its stems can disrupt the purity of the green color of dried nettle leaves, which reduces the quality of the raw material. To dry, nettle leaves are laid out in a thin layer, no more than 3 cm, on paper or fabric and dried in a ventilated room or under a canopy in the shade. From time to time the leaves are turned over. Browned, yellowed, blackened leaves are removed. Properly dried nettle leaves have a dark green color, a peculiar smell, bitterishtaste. Store leaves in cardboard boxes or paper bags in a dry place.The shelf life of raw materials is 2 years.
Decoctions and infusions are prepared from the roots, leaves and flowers of nettle, which are used both internally and externally in the form of lotions and compresses.
Nettle decoction is prepared like this. In enamel dishesPour a tablespoon of green leaves into a glass of boiling water, keep in a “water bath” (place in a small container) over low heat for 15-20 minutes, cool for 20 minutes, strain, squeeze.
Nettle infusion is easier to prepare. Pour boiling water over fresh or dried leaves and let steep for 1 hour. I decided to do practical work for preparing nettle infusion. (Appendix 2) Mom said that this infusion can be used as a rinse when washing your hair. This procedure improves the condition of the hair. I found recipes for use
« green doctor” and placed them in the booklet. (Application)
Nettle is called “vegetable meat”, according to nutritional value it is not inferior to leguminous plants. INHungry military and post-war 50s, nettle was the main food of barefoot children. They ate it from early spring until late autumn, and their mothers managed to prepare many dishes from this plant - cabbage soup, salads and thin flatbreads. Nowadays, especially in spring, many people use young nettles in cooking. My mother and I often prepare spring salad with nettles. And our teacher told me that she likes to cook borscht from nettles.
Nettle is a natural dye. Chlorophyll, which is part of it, is a coloring agent. I decided to check this fact in an experiment.
Experiment No. 2. The ability of nettle to dye fabric green color. (Appendix 3)
Hypothesis: I assume that nettle leaves are capable of turning fabric green.
I took nettle leaves, crushed them, and poured boiling water over them. When the infusion was ready, a cloth was placed in it. After holding the fabric for a while, I saw that it had acquired a green color.
Conclusion: The hypothesis was confirmed; nettle leaves are able to color the fabric green.
This property of nettle is used in Food Industry, coloring confectionery in green and its shades.
One of the most famous literary works where nettle is mentioned is a fairy taleH. H. Andersen « Wildswans " The only way Eliza could save her enchanted brothers was to weave chain mail for them from nettle stems. Reading the fairy tale, I thought it was fiction. But from online sources I learned that the fibers located inside the nettle can be extracted and used to make fabric, braid, rope and thread. I decided to test this in an experiment.
Experiment No. 3. Extracting fibers from nettles. (Appendix 3)
Hypothesis: I suppose that from the nettle stem you can get fibers to make threads.
I took a nettle stem and began to crush it with a rolling pin. I noticed that the stem was flattened and the fibers began to separate. I took the fiber and tried to crochet a chain of loops from it. Happened.
Conclusion: The hypothesis was confirmed; fibers can be obtained from the nettle stem to make threads.
It turns out that back in 4000 BC. people used nettles to make clothes. The “scorching” uniform was also worn by the soldiers of the French Emperor Napoleon. The fabric obtained from nettle is very similar to linen and has several advantages over it. Firstly, the yarn made from it is softer, because it is made not from leaves, but from hollow stems. Secondly, due to the same cavity, it has better thermal conductivity than linen. It is cooler in summer and warmer in winter. Thirdly, nettle yarn is much cheaper than linen yarn and its production process does not pollute as much environment. Maybe in the future our fields will be sown with unpretentious nettles for textile production.
Nettle is useful not only for humans, but also for animals. Nettle is used to feed cows, goats, sheep, pigs, and birds. To do this, nettles are crushed and scalded with boiling water. Thanks to nettle, cows' milk yield increases, and birds whose diet includes nettle are able to lay twice as many eggs as usual. Knows the benefits of nettles and neighbor's dog, often pinches her. Nettle plants provide a food source for two types of butterflies - the admiral and thistle. If there were no nettles, these butterflies would die out, and many food chains, would be torn apart, leading to the extinction of many plant species.
And from our neighbor I learned that nettles can be used to feed plants. I decided to test this in an experiment.
Experiment No. 4. Using nettles to feed plants.
(Appendix 3)
Hypothesis: I assume that nettle can be used to feed plants.
I put the nettles in a container, filled it with water and put it in a warm place. After some time, the nettle begins to “wander” in the water, that is, bubbles appear on the surface and bad smell. This means the feeding is ready. I started watering indoor flowers with this liquid once a week. During the observation, I noticed that the condition of the flowers had improved.
Conclusion: the hypothesis was confirmed. Nettle can be considered a green fertilizer for plants.
Conclusion
In the course of the study, the goal was achieved and the assigned tasks were solved. The hypothesis was confirmed: studying the topic “Nettle” expanded my horizons and will help me use the acquired knowledge in life.
I made the following conclusions:
- The name “nettle” translated from Latin means “stinging.”
- Nettle can be of different types. Stinging nettle grows in my garden.
- The nettle burns with formic acid, which flows from very sharp hairs, which are damaged when we touch the nettle. Young and wilted nettles do not sting.
- Nettle brings great benefits to humans and animals: it feeds and heals.
- Nettle is a natural dye.
- Nettles can be used to make fabrics.
- Nettle is a green fertilizer for plants.
I was able to change my attitude towards this amazing plant and there is no point in scolding it just because it knows how to protect itself.
I used the conclusions obtained as a result of the work in preparing a report, which I presented to my peers.. I have made a booklet in which I offer methods and recipes for using nettles.
Bibliography:
- Encyclopedia “I explore the world. Biology" - M., 2005
- Large illustrated encyclopedia of knowledge / trans. from English M. Karakan. - M., 2008
- Dietrich A., Yurmin G., Koshurnikova R. Pochemuchka. - M.: Pedagogy, 1991.
- Lavrenov V.K., Lavrenova G.V. Complete guide medicinal herbs and plants //Encyclopedia traditional medicine.-M.:NEVA, 2006.
Internet resources:
- http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Slide 1
Burning assistant Voitenko Olga 2 B class MBOU secondary school No. 20 and meni N.I. Khodenko
Purpose of the work: to study the beneficial properties of nettle to broaden one’s horizons and use the acquired knowledge in life. Objectives: Find and study information on this topic. Find out why nettles sting. Find out what properties it has. Find out the meaning of the plant for humans, animals and plants. Do your own research. Analyze the results obtained. Draw conclusions.
And nagging classmates
“Nettle” translated from Latin means “stinging” Stinging nettle
Experiment No. 1. Effect of nettle hairs on the skin Hypothesis: I assume that when touched by nettle hairs, the hairs can damage the skin and cause irritation. Conclusion: the hypothesis was partially confirmed: when you touch nettles, the hairs damage the skin, but irritation is caused by the liquid contained in these hairs.
Experience No. 1. The influence of the age of nettle on its “hotness” Conclusion: Its “hotness” depends on the age of the nettle. Young nettles do not burn. You can pick it without gloves. Experience No. 2. The influence of the “freshness” of nettle on its “stinginess” Conclusion: Withered nettle does not burn.
Nettle - “green healer”
Nettle - “vegetable meat”
Nettle is a natural dye Experiment No. 2. The ability of nettle to dye fabric green. Hypothesis: I assume that nettle leaves are capable of turning fabric green. Conclusion: the hypothesis was confirmed; nettle leaves are capable of turning fabric green.
Experiment No. 3. Extraction of fibers from nettles. Hypothesis: I hypothesize that the nettle stem can be used to obtain fiber for making thread. Conclusion: the hypothesis was confirmed; fibers can be obtained from the nettle stem to make threads.
Nettle is good for animals
Nettle is a green fertilizer for plants Experiment No. 4. Using nettles to feed plants Hypothesis: I assume that nettles can be used to feed plants. Conclusion: Nettle can be considered a green fertilizer for plants.
Conclusion In the course of the study, the goal was achieved and the assigned tasks were solved. The hypothesis was confirmed: studying the topic “Nettle” really expanded my horizons and will help me use the acquired knowledge in life. I was able to change my attitude towards this amazing plant and there is no point in scolding it just because it knows how to protect itself.
Thank you for your attention!
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Option 1
Surname……………………. Name………………………. Class…………….
………………………….
As soon as they do not scold the nettle, which is only to blame for the fact that it knows how to defend itself. But nettle is both tasty and healthy. Cows, goats, sheep, and pigs would happily eat it. Just go and touch her. But if you chop the nettles and scald them with boiling water, the feed for livestock will be such that, as they say, you won’t be able to pull it by the ears.
Nettles also landed on the table. Since ancient times, rural residents have cooked cabbage soup from young nettles in the spring. Edible oil is obtained from nettle seeds. And in the old days, paper, ropes, burlap, ropes, fishing tackle, sails, and carpets were made from fibers of nettle stems.
Why do nettles sting? Because the nettle is covered with prickly hairs. Each hair contains a bottle of burning acid. The neck of the bottle is very sharp, it immediately digs into the skin and breaks. Acid pours out of the bottle, causing large blisters to appear on the child’s hands and feet and tears to his eyes.
(142 words)
(According to A. Dietrich and G. Yurmin)
1. What is this text about?
a) about paper;
b) about people;
c) about animals;
d) about nettles.
2. How do people use nettles to feed livestock? Find the correct answer.
a) Feed with fresh leaves.
b) Grind and scald the leaves with boiling water.
c) Nettles are not fed to animals.
3. Find out from the text why nettles sting?
a) harmful;
b) the hairs contain a burning acid;
c) green and juicy.
4.
From nettle seeds……………………………………………………………........
……………………………………………………………………
5. Underline in the text , as in the old days they used the fibers of nettle stems.
6. Choose the correct answer.
This work …
a) fairy tale
b) story
c) poem
d) riddle
7.
8. Which group does nettle belong to?
a) living nature;
b) inanimate nature;
c) man-made world.
9. Choose the correct answer.
Nettle is...
a) tree;
b) bush;
c) herbaceous plant.
10. Choose a winter natural phenomenon.
b) arrival of birds;
c) freezing;
d) flight of birds.
11. Complete the sentence:
Sparrow, rook, tit, crow are __________________.
12.
At this time of year the sun rises high above the earth. It's raining with thunder and lightning. Rapid flowering of nettles and other plants and the appearance of fruits and seeds are observed.
Answer:__________________________________________.
13. When are the autumn months listed in the correct order?
a) November, December, October;
b) October, November, December;
c) September, November, December;
d) September, October, November.
14. Indicate an animal that is not a beast:
a) bear;
15*. What do you think are the benefits of nettle? Express your opinion. Write.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Comprehensive test
work on literary reading and the surrounding world
2nd grade
Option 2
Last name………….…………….first name………………………class………….
Read the text and complete the tasks.
…………………………..
People call the birch the beauty of Russian forests. And who can doubt this? Slender, with thin drooping branches and elegant foliage, it always evokes admiration and joy. For a long time, the birch tree has served as a symbol of beauty.
But our birch is not famous for its beauty alone. Many people know that she is also a miracle seeder. Birch fruits are very small nuts. Every year, birch sows vast areas with millions of small seeds. IN short term shoots appear.
Birch is a pioneer plant, which is why it actively inhabits new places.
It is interesting that the trunk of a birch tree remains cold even in the sun. This miracle can be explained simply if we remember that white reflects the sun's rays well.
What can you say about the benefits of birch?
Birch is used as an ornamental plant for landscaping cities and villages. Plywood and furniture are made from its wood. Birch sap quenches thirst well. Medicines are prepared from its juice. Birch leaves and bark are happily eaten by goats and sheep.
(142 words)
(According to N. Yurtsevich)
1. What is this text about?
a) about plywood;
b) about birch;
in the garden;
d) about animals.
2. Finish the sentence
Birch fruits are……….
a) wings;
c) nuts;
d) bumps.
3. What do people call birch? Choose the correct answer.
a) the beauty of Russian fields;
b) the queen of Russian meadows;
c) the beauty of the gardens;
d) the beauty of Russian forests.
4. Complete the sentence based on the content of the text.
Birch is a pioneer plant, because _________________________
____________________________________________________________
5. Underline in the text , which is made from birch wood.
6. Choose the correct answer.
This work:
a) fairy tale;
b) story;
c) poem;
d) a riddle.
7. Title the text. Write a title above the text.
8. Which group does birch belong to?
a) inanimate nature;
b) wildlife;
c) man-made world.
9. Choose the correct answer.
Birch is...
a) tree;
b) herbaceous plant;
c) bush.
10. Choose a spring natural phenomenon:
b) river floods;
c) the appearance of fruits on the apple tree;
d) flight of birds.
11. Complete the sentence:
Crucian carp, perch, catfish, pike are ___________.
12. Determine the time of year from the description. Write down the answer.
At this time of year there is often cold drizzling rain, frost in the mornings, and frequent fogs. The leaves on the birch tree turn yellow and fall off. Birds fly to warmer climes.
Answer: __________________________________________________
13. In which case are the spring months listed in the correct order?
a) March, May, April;
b) May, June, July;
c) March, April, May;
d) May, April, March.
14. Indicate an animal that is NOT a bird:
d) tit.
15. * What do you think is the benefit of birch? Express your opinion. Write.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Everyone knows nettles. Along roads, near the walls of houses and near fences, in vacant lots you can come across thickets of this weed, one touch of the leaves of which leaves a blister on the skin and provides several hours of burning and itching. It is no coincidence that in Latin nettle is called “Urtica” - stinging.
What explains these properties of nettle? And is this the only thing that has been known to man for centuries?
Why do nettles sting?
Nettle leaves are covered with fine hairs with sharp ends. Each hair represents large cell, shaped like a medical ampoule. This ampoule is filled with histamine, choline and formic acid. Each of these substances causes immediate allergic reaction, in the form of burning and itching. When touched, the tip of the hair breaks off, and the contents of the “ampoule” fall on the skin. Scientists believe that the stinging properties of nettles provide protection from herbivores. It must be said that our European nettle is nothing in comparison with some species of this plant growing in southern latitudes. For example, in Australia there is a nettle called “Giant Laportea”. Her burn is so painful it could cause an adult to faint. And in Indonesia and the Philippines there is a “stinging laportea” that can kill, it is so poisonous. Fortunately, our European nettle is not at all dangerous, and even, on the contrary, useful. Since ancient times, our ancestors have used nettle for medicinal and culinary purposes, and they also found other uses for it.
Nettle will replace seven healers
This is what the healers said in the old days and they were not at all mistaken. Nettle contains a rich set of microelements, vitamins, and amino acids. It was and is still used today as a hemostatic, choleretic, and anti-inflammatory agent. Nettle helps accelerate tissue regeneration, increases the tone of the uterus and intestines, and improves cardiovascular and respiratory activity. Nettle helps with anemia, diabetes, respiratory diseases and skin problems. It is no coincidence that many people even now, not to mention the old days, harvest nettles in the spring. Collected in May, even in dry form, it retains healing properties.
It is believed that she helps women with uterine bleeding(although, of course, in such cases you still need to consult a doctor - nettle alone is clearly not enough), and it relieves men from impotence. At the same time, nettle can be used in the form of decoctions and infusions, but some healers were convinced that men's problems could be solved... by cutting with nettles.
Nettles on the table
Until now, many housewives cook green cabbage soup, to which they add nettles and sorrel. Since nettle is rich in vitamins, this soup turns out to be very healthy. In times of famine, nettles helped out entire villages, since the stew with nettles and quinoa, although not particularly tasty, gives a person strength to survive hard times. And if you put potatoes in it, it will turn out great! Nettle leaves can be added to salads, nettle juice can be added to cocktails and herbal teas. Harvesting nettles for the winter is not at all difficult. It can be dried, and the powdered leaves can be sprinkled along with other dry herbs into almost all dishes, except desserts. Nettles can also be frozen by placing them in a plastic bag and placing them in the freezer. Young green leaves should be harvested; they contain the most useful substances.
There was also such an application: fresh nettle leaves were used to put caught fish, and it did not spoil for a long time.
Nettle - for beauty
Everyone knows that nettle decoction strengthens hair roots. In cosmetology, nettle preparations are used to prevent baldness. But even if baldness does not threaten, you should not give up nettles. Rinsing your hair in nettle broth makes your hair full and shiny. Nettle is also good as a tonic for facial skin. Some cosmetologists advise wiping your face in the morning with cubes of frozen nettle infusion.
Nettle on the farm
The medicinal and culinary properties of nettle are well known today. However, how many people these days know that nettles were used in ancient times to make textiles? Yes, yes, the nettle tow produced, after the necessary processing, a very strong thread, since the nettle stem is rich in fiber. These stems were harvested, dried, crushed, carded - that is, they did everything the same as with other plants used for making fabrics, such as flax or hemp. From the threads obtained in this way, material was woven for sundresses, towels, and shirts. Coarser yarn was used to make ropes and ropes. In Asia, the fabric obtained from nettles is called ramie, and it is increasingly becoming fashionable these days.
In ancient times, nettles were also used to paint clothes and canvases. It gives a nice sandy color.
Nettles in pedagogy
And finally, one more, not the most pleasant use of nettle. She was punished. Because of its pungency, whipping with nettles was considered an even more serious punishment than, for example, punishment with rods. Chekhov, in his humorous story “Life is Beautiful,” wrote: “If you are whipped with a birch tree, then kick your legs and exclaim: “How happy I am that they don’t whip me with nettles!” In addition, strict parents believed that nettle was not only painful, but also beneficial. And in some ways they were right.
Municipal educational institution
"Average comprehensive school No. 6"
Essay
Completed by: 2B grade student
Bogdanova Maria
Checked by: teacher V.V. Ivanova
Introduction
1. Origin of the name nettle and habitat
2. Why do nettles sting?
3. Main types and some varieties
4. The role of nettle in human life
5. The role of nettle in the life of animals
6. The role of nettle in human life
7. Nettle in literature
Conclusion
Bibliography
Subject: Familiar Stranger .
Introduction
It all happened this summer when I wandered into dense thickets of grass. It’s scary to even remember, my arms and legs began to burn, my skin immediately turned red and became covered with white blisters. This is an insidious grass, don’t expect anything good from it... but imagine my surprise when my mother approached the thickets of grass and began to carefully pick off the young leaves of the plant. And I became very interested in what kind of plant this was, could this herb, in addition to “stinging”, be useful to someone in some way.
Therefore the topic of my work: "Familiar stranger."
Problem: Why does nettle sting, and what is its benefit to humans and animals? (slide 2)
1. Origin of the name of nettle and habitat
From the encyclopedia, I learned that the plant is called nettle. Nettle is very unpretentious, grows everywhere, and especially loves various wastelands, forest lands, weeds and places overgrown with various shrubs, and is found near residential buildings and on river banks. Under favorable conditions, it can grow more than a meter in height.
The name “nettle” is translated into Latin as Urtica Dioica, “burning”, and it becomes clear why this plant was called that way. (slide 3)
There are many options for the origin of the word “nettle”; according to one version, the word “nettle” came to us from the Old Russian meaning of the word “silk”, or coprine. According to another version, among the leaves of the plant, in small clusters, green flowers hang, the fruits of which are very similar, from afar, to specks, thanks to these “specks” the plant got its name. (slide 4)
2. Main types and some varieties
After reading the reference books, I found out that the two most common types of nettles are stinging nettle and stinging nettle. (slide 5) Stinging nettle is very common in our country and not only. It grows in the central part of Russia, the Caucasus, and also in Western Siberia. Many people are greatly mistaken in considering it a weed. Many people confuse it with stinging nettle, which also grows in our country, but is not used in medicinal practice. It is slightly lower than stinging nettle, and its leaves are coarsely toothed.
Nettle stings are relatively harmless, although in India and on some tropical islands Indian Ocean This kind of nettle grows, the burn of which is as dangerous as its bite poisonous snake and can lead to death. This nettle is called "Ongaonga" or "nettle tree". Ongaonga has a tree-like trunk and unusually large, stinging spines and can grow up to 5 meters high. (slide 6)
3. Why do nettles sting?
On a single stem there are large heart-shaped leaves, which are covered with thin fibers that protect the plant from herbivores, only they are so small that they are barely visible. Each hair is a large cell, shaped like a medical ampoule with burning formic acid inside. The tip of the “ampoule” is so sharp that it immediately digs into the skin and breaks, the sharp end penetrates under the skin, and the contents of the “ampoule” enter the body, which causes blisters to appear on the hands and feet. (slide 7)
4. The role of nettle in human life
After reading books with my mother and looking at some sites on the Internet, I learned that nettle is successfully used in folk medicine, and in scientific medicine it is included in many pharmacy preparations. (slide 8)
Decoctions and infusions are prepared from the roots, leaves and flowers of nettle. Nettle has a wide range of healing and medicinal properties. For a long time, nettle has been known as a therapeutic, preventive, analgesic, wound-healing, and general strengthening agent.
In folk medicine it is used for open wounds, bleeding, skin, colds, respiratory diseases and many other diseases.
In spring, nettle is used in food. Nettle is successfully used in cooking; hundreds of delicious dishes. This plant is rich in magnesium, iron and calcium - three substances that humans require for full development. Mom often makes us nettle soup. Nettle stems are salted and pickled. Young shoots of nettle ferment. Nettle is used to prepare salads, soups, borscht, sauces, and fillings for pies. Many bakers like to “toss” a little nettle powder into the dough - the bread turns out fragrant and has a unique taste. (slide 9)
In the food industry, an absolutely harmless green dye is made from the leaves and stems of nettles, and yellow dye is made from the roots. Dyes are used to decorate confectionery products.
Nettle is wonderful cosmetic product. The plant is used in hair care for hair loss, to strengthen and enhance hair growth, and remove dandruff. (slide 10)
The juice of its leaves is included in various creams, ointments and shampoos, and is also used in making masks at home. Nettle leaves are finely ground to form a powder and mixed with cottage cheese, honey or sour cream. A mask made from young nettle, which is so rich in vitamin A, is useful for any skin.
If bags of nettle are placed on the eyes and left for a while, the swelling under the eyes gradually disappears.
5. The role of nettle in the life of animals
Nettle plants provide a food source for two types of butterflies - the admiral and thistle. (slide 11) If there were no nettles, these butterflies would die out, and many food chains would be broken, which would lead to the disappearance of many plant species.
Cows, goats, sheep, pigs, and birds would happily eat nettles if the nettles were crushed and scalded with boiling water. Thanks to nettle, cows' milk yield increases, and birds whose diet includes nettle are able to lay twice as many eggs as usual. (slide 12)
6. The role of nettle in human life
The fibers located inside the nettle plant are extracted and used to make fabric, braid, rope and thread. The fabric obtained from nettle is very similar to linen. (slide 13)
In some southern countries they specially grow special nettles - Rami. She is so tall that not only a man but a horse could hide in a nettle field. Rami It stings very badly, so people come out to clean it in special thick clothing and mittens. Ramie nettle fibers are used to make silk-like fabric and fishing nets.
The strongest sails and bags were made from nettle fabric in Rus'. (slide 14)
In Japan, expensive samurai armor was made from nettle cord in combination with silk, shields were made from stems, and bow strings were made from nettle fiber rubbed with wax.
Parts of Korean - hanbok national costume, they are simply never sewn from any other fabric. (slide 15)
In the German army, during the war, nettle fabric was used to sew uniforms. (slide 16)
In Eastern countries, nettle is used as a material for making high-grade paper. Unbleached paper has a brownish-greenish tint.
6. Nettle in literature
There are riddles about nettles in Russian literature, here are some of them:
What kind of grass does a blind man know?
Don’t touch this potion: it burns painfully, like fire.
Ax, don’t touch me: I’ll burn you even without fire! And Samuil Yakovlevich Marshak gave his friendly advice: “Don’t sit on nettles, if you do sit down, don’t be angry!” (slide 17)
Healing properties nettles are also described in the fairy tale by G.-H. Andersen "Wild Swans". The girl, without feeling pain, collected nettles from which she made a thread and shook nettle balls, then weaved nettle shirts to save her brothers from the spell of the evil witch - the stepmother...: “The executioner had already grabbed Eliza by the hand, but she quickly threw nettle shirts over the swans, and they all turned into handsome princes... (slide 18)
Conclusion
I concluded: “Looking at the world, one cannot help but be surprised!” And indeed: the most ordinary, familiar plant, growing at first glance just like that, in due time turns into the most necessary remedy, and a person begins to appreciate and take care of it.
I learned that nettle deserves kind and careful treatment. This plant brings great benefits to humans: it clothes, feeds, and heals.
I was able to change my attitude towards this amazing plant and there is no point in scolding it just because it knows how to protect itself. (slide 19)
List of references:
1. Alekseev N.G., Leontovich A.V., Obukhov A.V., Fomina L.F. Development concept research activities students // Research schoolchildren. 2002. No. 1. P. 24-33.
2. Andersen G.H. Wild swans.// Library of world literature for children.-M.: L64, 1981.- 308 p.
3. Large family encyclopedia of traditional medicine from Dr. Uzhegov.-M.: OLMA-PRESS, 2006.-960p.
4. Dietrich A., Yurmin G., Koshurnikova R. Pochemuchka. - M.: Pedagogika, 1991. - 191 p.
5. Lavrenov V.K., Lavrenova G.V. Complete reference book of medicinal herbs and plants //Encyclopedia of folk medicine.-M.:NEVA, 2006.-119p.
6. Lysakov V.G., 1000 riddles. - M.:AST, 2006. - 120 p.
7. Urkushin A.A., Urkushina N.G. Dishes and drinks for all tastes. - Samara House of Printing, 1993. – 39 p.
8. “Healing properties of nettle” http://health.km.ru/magazin/view .asp?id
9. Encyclopedia of Traditional Medicine.-M.: ANS, 1992. – 334 p.
10.Big Soviet encyclopedia dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/ enc2p/258846.
11. “Chinese nettle” http://www.tropicshop.ru/shop/CID_83 _2.html.
12. “Nettle” http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/.
13. “Technology for making nettle yarn.” http://www. traditions. ru/books/suhtravy/5-1.htm.
14. “Healing properties of nettle” http://health.km.ru/magazin/view .asp?id
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