Valin(2-amino-3-methylbutanoic acid L-Valine) is an essential aliphatic amino acid that has a stimulating effect. This is one of the 20 proteinogenic amino acids. It is present in the body as part of proteins and in free form. It got its name in honor of the valerian plant.
For the first time, during a study in 1901, the German chemist G. E. Fischer isolated the aminoisovaleric acid valine from casein.
Valine is a starting substance in the biosynthesis of Vitamin B5 and penicillin. Valine is a branched amino acid, which means it can be used by muscles as a powerful source of energy.
The human body is not capable of producing this amino acid itself, so it must enter it through food and special biological active additives(dietary supplement). In addition, you need to know how much the body’s daily need for valine is.
The body's daily need for valine
The body's daily requirement for valine is ordinary person is 3-4 grams. Depending on age, lifestyle, and health status, this need for valine can range from 1.8 to 5 and in some cases up to 7 g per day. Best effect achieved by using valine together with and. At the same time, it combines with all amino acids of the protein group.
But we should not forget that in a deficiency or excess of this essential amino acid, unpleasant consequences, causing damage to health.
Consequences of a lack of valine in the body
With a lack of valine in the body, the immune system is weakened, memory deteriorates, sleep is disturbed, and this also affects the decrease in serotonin levels, which provokes mental disorders, despondency. With frequent tension in the muscles of the body, bodybuilding, a lack of valine leads to the destruction of part of the contractile proteins. Deficiency of this essential amino acid causes frequent skin inflammatory diseases and these include dermatitis. Even a small decrease needed by the body the amount of valine affects the digestibility of other amino acids. Children are more vulnerable to a deficiency of this amino acid, especially those who adhere to a diet in the final stages of development. food allergies. Their body requires proper nutrition, as little stress and manifestations of depression as possible. People on diets, with high content protein, this also applies. The fact is that valine is involved in the removal of protein metabolic products and in the transport of nitrogen obtained with proteins from the liver to other tissues.
An excess of this proteinogenic amino acid can also have adverse consequences.
Consequences of excess valine in the body
When there is an excess of valine in the body, fluctuations or worsening of passage occur. nerve impulses, this can manifest itself as chills throughout the body, numbness and tingling in the extremities, even hallucinations. Problems with the gastrointestinal tract, blood thickening, and interference with the liver and kidneys may occur. Every person should focus their attention on this point so that you can be completely healthy people and receive only the benefits of taking valine, without negative effects on the body.
Beneficial properties of valine
Valine, like other amino acids, is very important for the life of the body. As mentioned earlier, valine is a powerful source of energy for muscles, it is involved in their development and recovery, which is why it is so often used in bodybuilding. It supports normal nitrogen metabolism in the body. Also, this amino acid promotes the proper functioning of the immune system, tissue regeneration after illnesses, injuries, and has a positive effect on the central nervous system and autonomic nervous system.
Valine prevents the level of serotonin from decreasing, one of the main neurotransmitters that improves mood and adds shine to the eyes. Responsible for many hormonal processes, increases the production of growth hormone, thyroid gland and adrenal glands. Reduces the sensitivity of the living body to pain, improves adaptation to heat and cold. And in the fight against obesity, this amino acid helps suppress cravings.
Valine is considered important element in treatment bad habits such as alcoholism and smoking. Thanks to him, these weaknesses gradually disappear from a person’s life.
Contrary to their beneficial properties valine in the form of dietary supplements also has its contraindications and harm.
Contraindications and harm of valine
Valine supplementation should be done under medical supervision. Independent actions in this direction can end in a sad outcome. It is contraindicated for people with severe liver, kidney and heart failure, children under adulthood, pregnant women, as well as during lactation, hepatitis, diabetes, amino acid metabolism disorders, individual intolerance.
Valine may cause harm due to symptoms such as nausea (vomiting), rapid heartbeat, hallucinations, and chills.
In order not to expose our body to danger, to be more beautiful, calmer and more resistant to stressful situations, you should know which foods contain valine.
Foods rich in valine
We can obtain valine from food products of plant and animal origin. For food products containing greatest number valine, include chicken eggs and fillets, cheeses, cow's milk, beef, salmon, squid. Valine is also found in unmilled rice, corn flour, walnuts, pistachios, peas, red beans, pumpkin seeds and seaweed.
You also need to know how the food preparation process affects the content of amino acids, including valine.
Effect of food preparation process on valine content
The content of valine changes during food preparation, as is the case with other amino acids. Thus, there is more of this amino acid in boiled or stewed meat, chicken and fish than in raw, canned or fried meat. As for chicken eggs, then in fried form there is more amino acid valine than in boiled and raw eggs.
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Valin refers to one of the few amino acids that our body does not reproduce. This substance should enter the body only from the outside, along with food. This substance will be discussed in the article.
Its scientific name is 2-amino-3-methylbutanoic acid, or aliphatic α-amino acid, one of 20 proteinogenic amino acids, is part of almost all known ones. 
Chemical formula: C5H11NO2
Did you know? IN human body contains 5 million proteins: all of them are formed by only 22 types of amino acids.
This is one of the essential amino acids. It promotes the absorption and assimilation of other amino acids, participates in the synthesis of proteins, in particular, determines their structure. It is also a basis for synthesis.
But still, its main role is to support the health and tone of a person’s muscles, his immune system. The liver, if necessary, converts this amino acid into glucose and sends it to the muscles.
It is important for human mental health and liver health; it takes part in the removal of toxic substances from the body. 
As a preventive measure, it is used against brain damage and to treat liver diseases (hepatitis, cirrhosis).
Main functions and benefits
Valine is a truly essential amino acid: without it, the human body has a very hard time.
In the first years of life, a child becomes vulnerable to disease, especially when the mother's antibodies no longer protect him. This is where proper valine intake becomes extremely important. After all, it is he who forms and supports the baby’s immune system.
A growing body requires this amino acid to build and strengthen muscles.
Its role also increases during active mental stress, which children experience during school. Also used to support mental health. 
For adults
But valine is needed not only for the development of children. Adults should also monitor their intake of this substance. After all, it has the following properties:
- increasing endurance and resistance to extreme situations;
- helps with muscle growth and development;
- does not allow the level of serotonin (the hormone of joy) to decrease;
- removes excess nitrogen from the body;
- helps with liver and kidney diseases. Used in the treatment of addictions (alcohol, drugs);
- increases the feeling of fullness and is used during diets and in the treatment of obesity.
- strengthens the immune system.
We can only get it with food. Therefore, it is important to determine where it is found in sufficient quantities.
Dairy products - cheeses - are literally saturated with this amino acid. Even a small amount of these products can provide you daily requirement in valine. 
There is a lot of it in eggs, meat, and fish. It is especially worth paying attention to quail eggs - the digestibility of this substance in them is very high.
From plant products They are rich in legumes (beans, peas), sunflower seeds, pine nuts and hazelnuts.
Daily requirement and norm
Per day healthy person 2-4 grams of this amino acid are needed. But this is the general average value. More accurately, your norm can be calculated based on 10 mg of valine per 1 kg of human weight.
Important! In case of liver and kidney dysfunction, only a doctor selects the rate of valine consumption. It is extremely dangerous to engage in such an appointment on your own.
About excess and deficiency
As you can see, this substance is useful and necessary. Its deficiency is quite dangerous. But it is also undesirable to allow excess.
Excess
In case of an overdose, problems with the nervous system begin, chills, numbness and tingling in the limbs, and hallucinations appear. Violations occur in digestive system, blood flow becomes more complicated, liver and kidney dysfunctions appear.
When there is a deficiency they begin degenerative changes in organism:
- immunity is weakened;
- memory deteriorates, sleep is disturbed;
- the level of serotonin decreases, as a result, mental disorders and despondency appear;
- dermatitis and other skin rashes.
A decrease in valine content makes it more difficult to absorb other amino acids. Did you know? The name of the amino acid “valine” comes from the valerian plant.
Most often, deficiency occurs during diets, especially protein diets. In this case, you should carefully select the composition of foods for your diet.
Interaction with other substances
This amino acid reacts actively to proteins, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and interacts well with “long” carbohydrates (cereals, vegetables, wholemeal bread, crispbread, muesli). It also combines well with its “colleagues” - amino acids of the protein group.
One of the functions of valine is to help grow and strengthen muscles and reduce cortisol levels. 
Therefore, it is included in the diet of bodybuilders and other athletes as part of protein shakes.
So, valine is an important component of our body. It helps in strengthening muscles, relieves stress, and is useful for athletes and workaholics. It is found in many products, and getting the required amount is not difficult.
Pharmacological group:
Valine (abbreviated Val or V) is an alpha amino acid with chemical formula HO 2 CCH (NH 2) CH (CH3) 2. L-valine is one of 20 proteinogenic amino acids. Its codons are GUU, GUC, GUA and GUG. It is an essential amino acid classified as non-polar. Food sources of valine – any protein products, such as meat, dairy products, soy products, beans and legumes. Along with and, valine is a branched-chain amino acid. Valine took its name from the valerian plant. In sickle cell anemia, valine replaces the hydrophilic amino acid glutamic acid in hemoglobin.
Nomenclature
According to IUPAC, the carbon atoms forming valine are numbered sequentially, starting with 1 denoting the carboxyl carbon, while 4 and 4″ denote the two terminal methyl carbon atoms.
Biosynthesis
Valine is an essential amino acid and therefore must be supplied to the body through food, usually as a component of proteins. In plants, valine is synthesized through several steps, starting with pyruvic acid. The onset of synthesis leads to the formation. The intermediate alpha-ketoisovalerate undergoes reductive amination with glutamate. Enzymes involved in this biosynthesis include:
Acetolactate synthase (also known as acetohydroxyacid synthase) Acetohydroxyacid isomeroreductase Dihydroxyoxide dehydratase Valine aminotransferase
Synthesis
Racemic valine can be synthesized by bromination of isovaleric acid followed by amination of the alpha-bromo derivative: HO 2 CCH 2 CH (CH 3) 2 + Br 2 → HO 2 CCHBrCH (CH 3) 2 + HBr HO 2 CCHBrCH (CH 3) 2 + 2 NH 3 → HO 2 CCH (NH 2) CH (CH3) 2 + NH 4 Br
Valine belongs to the group of amino acids with a branched molecular structure. These substances make up approximately 70 percent of all proteins in the human body.
However, this amino acid is not produced by the body, so it must be supplied with food or dietary supplements.
general characteristics
In 1901, the German chemist Emil Fischer first isolated valine from casein by hydrolysis of proteins. This amino acid gets its name from valerian. Today this substance is known as an essential amino acid, which stimulates the activity of the body, contributes to the formation and maintenance of its structural and functional integrity.
Valine is an aliphatic amino acid with a non-polar character. Closely related to leucine and isoleucine, with which it has a number of general properties. These hydrophobic substances rarely take part in biochemical reactions, but play a critical role in determining the three-dimensional structure of proteins. In addition, valine promotes the absorption of other amino acids.
Valine (L and D isomers) is also known as a glucogenic amino acid. That is, if necessary, the liver is able to transform this substance into glucose, which the muscles then use as additional source energy. In addition, it serves as the starting material for the synthesis of penicillin.
Role in the body
Valin is important substance to maintain body functions, particularly muscle health and the immune system.
Prevents muscle damage and supplies tissues with additional glucose necessary for energy production during physical activity. In combination with isoleucine and leucine, it promotes normal growth, tissue repair, regulates blood sugar levels, and also provides the body with energy.
This essential amino acid is important for the central and vegetative nervous system, is important for the adequate functioning of cognitive functions, necessary for the proper functioning of the psyche. In addition, it is a substance that inhibits the transport of tryptophan across the blood-brain barrier.
Valin has important for liver function. In particular, it removes potentially toxic excess nitrogen from the organ. It also helps in the treatment of the gallbladder, liver (with cirrhosis, hepatitis C) and other organs damaged as a result of alcoholism or drug addiction. Is effective prophylactic against encephalopathy or brain damage caused by excessive use alcohol. Has antiviral properties. It is a precursor to penicillin.
Functions and Benefits of Valine
Valine has many benefits. This amino acid is a real salvation for people suffering from insomnia and nervousness. Also proven effective in healing muscles and regulating the immune system. And those who want to lose weight take this substance as a remedy for excessive appetite.
Other properties of valine:
- An essential amino acid with a stimulating effect, necessary for muscle metabolism, growth, tissue repair and proper coordination.
- Being a glucoamino acid, it provides the body with additional glucose.
- Useful for treating the liver and gall bladder.
- Helps correct the balance of amino acids in the body (for example, in case of drug addiction).
- Promotes mental activity, maintains a calm mood, relieves depression.
- Important for regulating nitrogen concentration in the body.
- Before entering the bloodstream, it is not processed by the liver.
- IN high concentration found in muscle tissue.
- Any acute physical stress, as well as surgical interventions are the reason for increasing the daily intake of valine, leucine, isoleucine.
- Facilitates recovery from alcohol and drug addiction.
- Improves the condition of multiple sclerosis.
- Necessary for people with hypersensitivity to temperature changes.
Valine for bodybuilders
But perhaps the people who experience the most benefits from valine are athletes, particularly bodybuilders. For athletes, this amino acid is important as a substance for restoring muscle tissue, accelerating metabolism and increasing endurance. Bodybuilders use valine along with leucine, which promotes more rapid growth muscles, supplying additional energy. In addition, the amino acid helps easy recovery after injury or overexertion.
Daily requirement
The waste requirement for valine is approximately 2-4 g.
A more accurate individual dosage can be calculated using the formula: 10 mg of amino acid per 1 kg of weight (or 26 mg of the substance per 1 kg - when it is necessary to increase the dose).
However, individuals with liver or kidney dysfunction should not use valine in supplement form without consulting a doctor. High doses of amino acids can aggravate the course of diseases. People with illnesses should also reduce the intensity of valine consumption. gastrointestinal tract and in the presence of sickle cell anemia. But diabetes, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, and insufficient production of enzymes, on the contrary, impair the body’s absorption of amino acids.
Amino acid deficiency
Although valine is easily replenished from food, there are known cases of amino acid deficiency. The lack of this substance affects the quality of myelin (sheath nerve cells), and also causes degenerative neurological diseases. The deficiency manifests itself in the form of a so-called disease " maple syrup"(occurs in people whose bodies are unable to absorb leucine, isoleucine and valine). The unusual name of the disease is explained very simply: in such patients, the urine takes on the smell of maple syrup.
In addition, an experiment on rats showed that with a lack of valine, lipid formations appear in the liver tissue. Also, amino acid deficiency may be indicated by hair loss, weight loss, growth retardation, leukopenia or hypoalbuminemia (the level of albumin in the blood sharply decreases). Damage to the mucous membranes, arthritis, memory problems, depression, muscle atrophy, sleep disturbances, and weakened immunity are also possible.
People whose diet does not contain enough protein foods, as well as people who are professionally involved in sports, should take care of valine deficiency in order to avoid valine deficiency. additional intake in the form of dietary supplements.
Overdose: what is the danger
Consumption of valine in too high doses can lead to hallucinations and a sensation of "pins and needles". Also, regular overdoses cause liver and kidney dysfunction and increase ammonia levels in the body. Minor overdoses of the substance cause allergic reactions, nervousness, indigestion and blood thickening.
Food sources
Valine is an essential amino acid, which means there is an urgent need to replenish the supply of the substance through food.
The amino acid is found in high concentrations in foods:
- animal origin: meat (beef, lamb, pork, chicken), fish, squid, dairy products, different types cheeses;
- plant origin: lentils, peanuts, soybeans, mushrooms, sesame and pumpkin seeds, greens, whole grains, beans, corn flour, peas, beans, seaweed.
Eating dairy products and eggs is easy to get daily dose Valina. The highest concentration of the substance is in cottage cheese, natural yogurt, cheeses (Swiss, processed, goat, edam), as well as in milk and eggs. Among the seeds and nuts, the most beneficial are pistachios, cashews, almonds, sesame seeds, and sunflower seeds. It is better to choose salmon, trout, halibut among the varieties of fish, and among protein-rich legumes, choose beans, lentils or chickpeas. Porcini mushrooms and cherries, as well as wild rice, millet, buckwheat and barley - ideal for vegetarians. But still, perhaps, valine is most easily absorbed from quail eggs and walnuts.
Interaction with other substances
Have you decided to take valine as a dietary supplement? Then it is important to know the rules for using and combining amino acids in order to get the maximum benefit.
First and most importantly, valine should always be taken in combination with two other amino acids - leucine and isoleucine. Ideal balance: 2 mg of leucine and valine for every milligram of isoleucine.
The second thing to remember is that on the way to the blood-brain barrier, valine competes with and. This means that the higher the level of valine in the body, the less tyrosine and tryptophan are found in brain cells. Given these amino acid “competitions,” it is necessary to take tyrosine and tryptophan no earlier than an hour before or after taking valine.
Third tip. This amino acid goes well with polyunsaturated fatty acids and “correct” (cereals, muesli, wholemeal products).
And the fourth rule of combination useful substances. A valine deficiency makes it difficult for the body to absorb all the other amino acids needed by the body.
By following these tips, you don't have to worry about a possible valine deficiency.
L-valine is an essential amino acid that is found in high concentrations in muscle tissue. The body itself hardly produces it, which means the body must receive L-valine externally, from food or nutritional supplements. If you are on a strict diet or work hard every day gym, it’s time to worry about not starting to lose muscle mass. L-valine plays a key role in processes such as: - muscle growth and recovery; - metabolism; - replenishment of energy reserves.L-valine as a product
L-valine is perfect for anyone with an active lifestyle. It is quickly absorbed and immediately delivered directly to muscle tissue, where it promotes healthy metabolism and rapid recovery. L-valine is quite simple and at the same time very effective food supplement, which will help you achieve your goal faster. This amino acid is useful not only for people who regularly exercise, but also for everyone else, so it is worth considering including it in your diet. Since this amino acid is not produced by the body, it is very, very easy to become deficient. And L-valine helps the body not only cope with workouts, but also withstand the stress of the day, reduce stress and avoid fatigue. In small doses, L-valine is found in foods such as fish, nuts, sesame seeds, lentils, and cheese.
Time of receipt
If you want to realize the full potential of L-valine, take it together with L-leucine and L-isoleucine in a 2:2:1 ratio. All three of these amino acids form a single chain that works most effectively as a team. L-valine should be taken before, during or after training.
Harm and side effects
There are still no known cases of overdose with this drug, but still carefully read the instructions on the package and follow the recommendations.
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