1 positive blood group compatibility with others. Third blood group - compatibility during pregnancy, nutrition and human character

Every young and healthy family dreams of a small and cozy house, as well as the birth of a child. But during family planning, many have heard about various guesses and myths about the compatibility of partners’ blood groups and how this can affect the pregnancy as a whole. Therefore, within the framework of this article, we will consider real facts which can occur due to incompatibility of Rh factors and which is needed for conception.

Rh factor

Rh positive

It is worth taking a closer look at cases of positive Rh and pregnancy processes. In this option, the blood of the mother and her unborn child is completely compatible, because if the partner’s Rh is negative, this will not affect the blood of the unborn baby in any way.

There are cases when parents with the same blood type give birth to a child with a completely different group.

In the case where the father of the child has, there will be no abnormalities in the body and the course of the mother’s pregnancy, because the main point is that the woman’s blood already contains a certain protein, and the blood of the embryo does not contain any foreign elements that could somehow affect on the process of pregnancy and fetal formation. That's why this option is the best for any couple.

Rh negative

If combined with the father's Rh positive, the child is likely to inherit the factor on the mother's side, in in this case– Rh positive. This means that it turns out that neither the mother nor the child’s body contains agglutinin, therefore, with this combination and combination, there is no danger.

But in the case when a mother with a negative group nevertheless carries a fetus with a positive group, in this case and in any case a problem will arise - . But no longer with the Rhesus of potential partners, because the body begins to recognize the foreign element and begins to fight against unrecognized components. This is how the process of protecting the entire body proceeds.

At the beginning of the struggle, the pregnant woman’s body actively produces and releases antibodies in the blood, which in turn pass through the placenta and begin an attack on foreign red blood cells of the fetus. In this situation, the embryo’s body also tries to protect itself, and for this reason, both the liver and the spleen of the child begin to function frantically, which negatively affects their further development, and in the future contributes to the enlargement of organs and causes anemia.

To avoid such situations, it is important to undergo special examinations and tests to determine the compatibility of the parents’ blood group for conception.

It is important for young partners to remember some expected negative consequences Rhesus conflict, and also takes care of the health and well-being of the expectant mother. Ignoring them can lead to:

anemia;
or hearts;
impaired mental development of the child;
postpartum jaundice.

And in order to guarantee both your protection and the safety of the baby, to begin with, the main point is to determine the compatibility of the blood group during conception, especially for women with negative Rhesus.

What to do during a conflict pregnancy

The above consequences often do not appear in couples whose first child is born, but in subsequent pregnancies they are possible conflict situations, and this does not depend on blood type. Therefore, every pregnant woman must undergo a special test to determine blood group compatibility in order to avoid conflict pregnancies.

Video - Risks for a pregnant woman and baby with Rhesus conflict:

The membrane of red blood cells contains varying amounts of proteins, as well as carbohydrates, which are called antigens. The characteristics of the blood will depend on their presence. The most numerous is blood group 1 with a positive Rh factor.

Attention! Rh factor is an indicator of the antigen that is contained on the surface of red blood cells.

Initially 1-a positive group had a designation in the form of the letter C, then it was decided to prescribe 0, that is, thus indicating that there were no antigens in the blood. On the contrary, the presence of antigen H can be found on the surfaces of red blood cells, as well as in other tissues of the body. Rh positive is assigned to this blood group due to confirmation of the presence of antigen D in the owners.

It should be noted that blood retains its original characteristics (group and Rh) throughout life. Group 1 can be inherited by a child from one or both parents. Only if the parents do not have blood type 4. It should be noted that the first positive can be used as a universal donor blood for the transfusion procedure. There will be no group incompatibility if Rh is “+”. If a person is injected with Rh negative blood, the result will be the sticking of red cells, that is, red blood cells, with subsequent deterioration of the person’s condition.

How can the Rh factor affect?

One of the most important characteristics of blood is the Rh factor. As mentioned, this is an indicator of the presence of antigen on the surface of red blood cells. To put it simply, this is an indicator of protein on the surface of red blood cells. Most people are characterized by the presence of antigens and, accordingly, have a positive Rh factor; other people are characterized by their absence, so they have a negative Rh factor.

The Rh factor is very important in two cases:

During the period of bearing a child, incompatible Rhesus may be life threatening.
If carried out surgical intervention, which may be associated with blood transfusion.

All other aspects associated with Rh a priori do not affect the state of the body, and therefore have no significance.

Pregnancy and blood compatibility

It is very important to plan your pregnancy, because blood compatibility during this period takes special place at birth healthy baby. When both parents have a negative or positive Rh, the child will accept the same one as his parents, therefore, there will be no problems. The situation is similar with the acquisition of a blood type from parents. Studies have shown that babies often acquire their mother's blood type. Based on this, if the mother is carrier I positive, then there is a 90% chance that the baby will also be a carrier of this blood type, regardless of what blood type the father has.

Can there be a Rh conflict?

During pregnancy, the occurrence of a problem such as Rh conflict cannot be ruled out. It does not mean a combination of the parents’ Rhesus: for example, the mother’s is positive, and the father’s is negative. In this case, the child can acquire both negative and positive Rhesus. If the child takes the mother's blood, then the pregnancy promises to be without problems.

Attention! A pregnancy complication occurs when the child has a positive Rh factor and the mother has a negative Rh factor. Then a conflict between the blood of the fetus and mother arises, which can lead to various serious complications course of pregnancy.

Rhesus incompatibility entails dangerous consequences. This is explained by the fact that antibodies produced by the mother’s body can destroy the fetus. In half of the cases, the baby acquires a positive Rh, but if the mother is negative, then there is a danger of miscarriage or intrauterine death of the fetus.

How are blood types compatible?

Until recently, experts believed that plasma transfusion occurs without consequences in any quantity. The compatibility of the first positive with other groups was excellent. However, after a number of studies it turned out that plasma contains agglutinins, and with frequent transfusions, the likelihood of negative influence on human health. Based on this, it was decided to dilute group I plasma with recipient plasma, and only after that proceed with the transfusion procedure in order to avoid possible complications.

Possible diseases

Those with a positive blood group suffer least from serious illnesses and therefore live longer than others. However, they may be predisposed to gastric ulcers due to high acidity. High probability of occurrence inflammatory process gallbladder and liver. Women may be at risk for skin tumors. But, despite the above ailments, carriers of the first group are very resistant to nervousness, therefore they suffer the least mental disorders and keep the brain young for much longer.

Reference! Among the carriersBlood group I with a positive Rh factor is extremely rare in people suffering from schizophrenia.

Based on medical research, it has been found that people with the first blood group suffer from typical diseases:

Pathological lesions of the joints. Arthrosis and arthritis.
Prone to persistent seasonal ARVI.
Respiratory diseases.
Dysfunction thyroid gland.
Hypertonic disease.
Ulcerative lesions of the gastrointestinal tract.
Hemophilia among men.

Information about diseases depending on blood type is contained in the video.

Video - Blood type and diseases

Poor blood clotting - this is the statement made by hematologists. Therefore, it is very important to take medications that contain aspirin, which thins the blood, with caution.
There may be problems with the intestinal microflora, therefore, it is best to take probiotics as a preventive measure.
Have a positive effect on the body herbal infusions(mint and rosehip). But it is recommended not to use aloe and burdock root.

Proper nutrition

The health status of each person is primarily affected by diet. After all, the food of the daily diet should contain a set of products that have a positive effect on metabolism and the digestive system as a whole.

It was found that carriers of I positive tend to be overweight. Increase extra pounds occurs due to a violation of the correct healthy eating. Since time immemorial, people with I positive have been hunters, so their diet should consist largely of natural proteins. This statement was even accepted official medicine. Consequently, it was established list necessary products for people withI blood group.

+	-	0
All types of meat are suitable for meat products, especially the liver	All types of meat, but it is best to give preference to pork and goose meat	Poultry meat (duck, chicken)
White and red fish	Salted fish (herring, salmon)	Eggs
Fish fat	Milk, yogurt, whey, cheese	Seafood – crayfish, squid, smelt, carp
Seafood	Peanut oil, cottonseed oil	Sheep cheese, cottage cheese
Cheeses, kefir and other fermented milk products	Poppy, pistachios	Cod liver oil
Eggs		Soybean oil
Buckwheat		Nuts – almonds, hazelnuts, cedar
Vegetables fruits		Sunflower seeds and sunflower oil
Rye bread
Herbal or green tea

Features must be adhered to dietary nutrition, since people with the first blood group are prone to diabetes.

Note! Overall for feeling normal Owners of all blood groups are advised to adhere to proper nutrition and lead healthy image life (with mandatory sports), but for people with a groupІ positive Rh factor, you should build your diet on products with high content protein.

It is known that foods rich in protein can, in small quantities, quickly relieve hunger and completely saturate the body. In addition, they support the normal metabolic process. Mostly protein-containing foods are all types of meat, especially dark meat. Special attention should be given to the liver, as an offal for cooking, which contains sufficient quantity protein.

To avoid problems with the functioning of the thyroid gland, you should regularly eat seafood, which contains the required amount of iodine.

Attention! We need to remind you what exactly thyroid most vulnerable in people with blood typeRh positive.

When planning a diet, it is necessary to take into account your blood type, so when the first blood type is positive, it is recommended to consume goji berries; you can find out more here.

Video - Diet: 1 positive blood group

Can blood affect a person's character?

According to statistical data, it was found that the owners of the first positive character have a persistent character, are self-confident, know how to set goals for themselves and go towards them without losing their way. general characteristics shows that those with blood group I have strong willpower, so there are quite a lot of leaders among them.

Scientists have added to the psychological portrait of such people increased emotionality, excessive jealousy and increased level self-preservation. Self-confidence, supported by leadership qualities, helps to calculate actions and steps in advance, while simultaneously determining your benefits.

Women with blood type I constantly analyze their activities and categorically do not accept criticism in their direction. Most often they take high positions. A professional psychologist will tell you in a video about how blood type affects a person’s character and determines fate.

Video - How blood type affects our destiny and character

Today, more and more young families are faced with the problem of infertility. The reasons that spouses fail to achieve pregnancy may be different. In 30% of cases, the cause is problems in the female body, in another 30% - male diseases, but in 10-15% of all infertile couples, the influence is caused by incompatibility during conception.

Symptoms

If both participants in the conception process are healthy, have systematic sexual relations, do not use contraceptives, but the woman cannot become pregnant for a long time, then they should consult a doctor.

Incompatibility of partners during conception has the following signs:

Absence of pregnancy in a woman for a year or more, subject to regular sexual intercourse without the use of contraception.
Constant miscarriages, which usually occur in the first trimester of pregnancy, when the woman often does not even know about her situation.
Intrauterine death of a child or the birth of a non-viable infant.

Sexual contradiction during conception is influenced by immunological or genetic disorders. To find out the cause of this problem, you need to consult a doctor and do the necessary tests and analysis. After diagnostics and a series of examinations, a course of treatment will be prescribed.

Immunological incompatibility

This problem manifests itself in the fact that the woman’s body secretes antibodies to her husband’s sperm, which block them and prevent them from performing their function. This is a kind of allergy in a woman to a man’s ejaculate. In some cases, a man develops antibodies to his own sperm.

Doctors believe that the presence of antibodies to the sperm of a spouse in female representatives is directly related to sexually transmitted diseases and infections, as well as to the number of different sexual partners. Therefore, when planning a pregnancy, a couple must take a compatibility test or analysis.

By blood type

A positive course of pregnancy and the birth of a healthy baby often occurs in those parents who have favorable blood group compatibility for conceiving their first child. You can do a special test for this.

There is an opinion that those spouses whose blood type of the man is higher than that of the girl have a greater chance of becoming pregnant. For example, the father has the second blood group, and the expectant mother has the first. But such a theory has not been medically proven.

Also, a positive tendency towards successful fertilization occurs when the parents are carriers different groups, but at the same time the same Rh factor (positive or negative).

In cases where the blood type is the same, but the Rhesus numbers are different, difficulties may arise with conception. healthy child.

A man with a third negative and a woman with a second negative have every chance of giving birth to a healthy child. Moreover, he will have negative group blood.

Rh factor mismatch

At its core, the Rh factor is special proteins that are located on human red blood cells. The majority (about 80%) of people have these proteins, that is, they have a positive Rh factor. The remaining 20% are Rhesus negative. It is known that the Rh factor is formed at 7–8 weeks of fetal development and does not change throughout life.

If a woman is Rh negative and a man is Rh positive, complications may occur during pregnancy. Right up to miscarriage.

For a successful pregnancy, both spouses must have the same Rh blood factor: either negative, or positive, or positive in the woman and either in the father. If the Rhesus numbers do not match, this may cause various problems both at the birth of a new life, and during pregnancy, as well as immediately after childbirth. Therefore, a blood Rh test is a must when planning a pregnancy.

Genetic incompatibility

This type of mismatch between a couple can lead to the birth of a child with genetic abnormalities or various types of diseases. The reasons for genetic incompatibility in parents may be:

Availability of any genetic diseases from one of the spouses, which are inherited.
If the age of the future parents is more than 35 years.
Partners are blood relatives.
The unfavorable ecology of the area and other reasons also affect it.

Fortunately, complete genetic incompatibility is extremely rare, and partial incompatibility modern medicine successfully learn to fight. Such couples are under special medical control and are carefully monitored from the first days of pregnancy. They undergo a special test and analysis, the results of which are entered into a special table.

Treatment

If a couple turns to doctors for help in time, then the right treatment can help them soon become happy parents. To overcome the problem of immunological inconsistency of spouses, doctors most often give the following recommendations for action:

It is necessary to use contraceptives for some time to reduce the severity of the reaction female body on male sperm.
It is necessary to undergo treatment with antihistamines.
It is also necessary to take immunostimulants.
Sometimes an immunological mismatch can be circumvented by intrauterine sperm injection.

Immunological inconsistency is not a death sentence. Even in this situation, there is still a chance to get pregnant and bear a healthy child, but there may be problems with subsequent attempts at pregnancy.

Compatibility tests

Couples who long time If you are unable to get pregnant, you should consult a doctor and take a compatibility test to conceive. They need to take a blood test and undergo diagnostic examination. You also need to take a post-coital test. It is recommended to do this study within 6-8 hours after unprotected intercourse, since male sperm must be present in laboratory materials from a woman’s cervical mucus. The best time to take the test is during ovulation.

So, to conceive and give birth to a healthy child, you need to prepare in advance. Necessary:

Get examined and diagnosed.
Pass all required analyzes and tests.
Determine the Rh factor of the parents (negative or positive).
Find out the presence or absence of blood compatibility for conception.
Be examined for the presence of antibodies in the woman’s body.
Get tested for genetic diseases in both partners.

Even if the test shows that parents are inconsistent in at least one indicator, do not despair. It must be remembered that the main factor for a successful pregnancy is the sincere love of the partners, as well as a great desire to have a child.

Doctors keep records of couples who are found to be incompatible. A special table is compiled into which the data of analyzes and tests is entered. It is constantly checked and monitored. If necessary, the couple is assigned drug treatment, which gives a chance to conceive and bear a healthy child.

Blood represents internal environment organism formed by liquid connective tissue. Blood consists of plasma and shaped elements: leukocytes, erythrocytes and platelets. Blood group is the composition of certain antigenic characteristics of red blood cells, which are determined by identifying specific groups of proteins and carbohydrates that make up the membranes of red blood cells. There are several classifications of human blood groups, the most significant of which are the ABO classification and the Rh factor. Human blood plasma contains agglutinins (α and β), human red blood cells contain agglutinogens (A and B). Moreover, only one of proteins A and α can be contained in the blood, as well as proteins B and β. Thus, only 4 combinations are possible that determine a person’s blood type:

α and β determine blood group 1 (0);
A and β determine blood group 2 (A);
α and B determine blood group 3 (B);
A and B determine blood group 4 (AB).

Rh factor – specific antigen(D), located on the surface of red blood cells. The widely used terms “Rh”, “Rh-positive” and “Rh-negative” refer specifically to the D-antigen and explain its presence or absence in the human body. Blood group compatibility and Rh compatibility are key concepts that are individual identifiers of human blood.

Blood group compatibility

The theory of blood group compatibility arose in the mid-20th century. Hemotransfusion (blood transfusion) is used to restore the volume of circulating blood in the human body, replace its components (erythrocytes, leukocytes, plasma proteins), to restore osmotic pressure, in case of hematopoietic aplasia, infections, burns. The transfused blood must be compatible both by group and by Rh factor. The compatibility of blood groups is determined by the main rule: the donor’s red blood cells should not be agglutinated by the plasma of the receiving party. Thus, when agglutinins and agglutinogens of the same name (A and α or B and β) meet, the reaction of sedimentation and subsequent destruction (hemolysis) of red blood cells begins. Being the main mechanism of oxygen transport in the body, the blood stops performing its respiratory function.

It is believed that the first 0(I) blood group is universal, which can be transfused to recipients with any other blood group. The fourth blood group AB(IV) is a universal recipient, that is, its owners can be transfused with blood of any other groups. As a rule, in practice they are guided by the rule of exact compatibility of blood groups, transfusing blood of one group, taking into account the Rh factor of the recipient.

Blood type 1: compatibility with other groups

Holders of the first blood group 0(I) Rh– can become donors for all other blood groups 0(I) Rh+/–, A(II) Rh+/–, B(III) Rh+/–, AB(IV) Rh+/–. In medicine, it was customary to talk about a universal donor. In the case of 0(I) Rh+ donation, the following blood groups can become its recipients: 0(I) Rh+, A(II) Rh+, B(III) Rh+, AB(IV) Rh+.

Currently, blood group 1, whose compatibility with all other blood groups has been proven, is used for blood transfusion to recipients with a different blood group in extremely rare cases in volumes of no more than 500 ml. For recipients with blood group 1, compatibility will be as follows:

with Rh+, both 0(I) Rh– and 0(I) Rh+ can become a donor;
with Rh–, only 0(I) Rh– can become a donor.

Blood type 2: compatibility with other groups

Blood group 2, whose compatibility with other blood groups is very limited, can be transfused to recipients with A(II) Rh+/– and AB(IV) Rh+/– in case of negative Rh factor. In the case of a positive Rh factor Rh+ group A(II), it can only be transfused into A(II) Rh+ and AB(IV) Rh+ recipients. For those with blood type 2, compatibility is as follows:

with its own A(II) Rh+, the recipient can receive the first 0(I) Rh+/– and the second A(II) Rh+/–;
with its own A(II) Rh–, the recipient can only receive 0(I) Rh– and A(II) Rh–.

Blood group 3: transfusion compatibility with other groups

If the donor is the owner of blood group 3, the compatibility will be as follows:

with Rh+, the recipients become B(III) Rh+ (third positive) and AB(IV) Rh+ (fourth positive);
at Rh–, the recipients become B(III) Rh+/– and AB(IV) Rh+/–.

If the recipient is the owner of blood group 3, the compatibility will be as follows:

for Rh+, donors can be 0(I) Rh+/–, as well as B(III) Rh+/–;
in case of Rh–, holders of 0(I) Rh– and B(III) Rh– can become donors.

Blood type 4: compatibility with other groups

Holders of positive blood group AB(IV) Rh+ are called universal recipients. So, if the recipient has blood type 4, the compatibility will be as follows:

for Rh+, donors can be 0(I) Rh+/–, A(II) Rh+/–, B(III) Rh+/–, AB(IV) Rh+/–;
for Rh–, donors can be 0(I) Rh–, A(II) Rh–, B(III) Rh–, AB(IV) Rh–.

A slightly different situation is observed when the donor has blood type 4, the compatibility will be as follows:

with Rh+ there can be only one recipient AB(IV) Rh+;
with Rh–, recipients can become owners of AB(IV) Rh+ and AB(IV) Rh–.

Compatibility of blood groups for conceiving a child

One of the key meanings of compatibility of blood groups and Rh factors is conceiving a child and carrying a pregnancy to term. The compatibility of partners' blood groups does not affect the likelihood of conceiving a child. The compatibility of blood groups for conception is not as significant as the compatibility of Rh factors. This is explained by the fact that when an antigen (Rh factor) enters an organism that does not have it (Rh negative), an immunological reaction begins in which the recipient’s body begins to produce agglutinins (destructive proteins) to the Rh factor. When Rh-positive erythrocytes re-enter the blood of an Rh-negative recipient, agglutination (sticking) and hemolysis (destruction) reactions of the resulting erythrocytes occur.

Rh conflict is the incompatibility of the blood groups of the Rh-negative Rh– mother and the Rh+ fetus, which results in the breakdown of red blood cells in the child’s body. The baby's blood, as a rule, enters the mother's body only during childbirth. The production of agglutinins to the child's antigen during the first pregnancy occurs quite slowly, and by the end of pregnancy it does not reach a critical value that is dangerous for the fetus, which makes the first pregnancy safe for the child. Rh conflict conditions during the second pregnancy, when agglutinins are preserved in the body of the Rh mother, are manifested by the development hemolytic disease. For Rh-negative women after their first pregnancy, it is recommended to administer anti-Rhesus globulin in order to break the immunological chain and stop the production of anti-Rhesus bodies.

Video from YouTube on the topic of the article:

The desire to become parents and have complete family- a natural need of many married couples. Planning a baby - important stage in the life of the spouses. That is why future mother and father strive to get as much information as possible on all issues related to future pregnancy. One of important points, which is worth paying attention to, is blood compatibility for successful conception and subsequent bearing of the baby. Routine examinations at the stage of preparation for pregnancy will reveal possible violations, as well as situations requiring additional medical supervision.

The term “blood type” is familiar to everyone. But not everyone knows how important this characteristic for the further continuation of the human race.

Blood groups for conception - what are they?

Each parent has one of four blood groups - I (or O), II (or A), III (or B) and IV (or AB). Belonging to one or another category is determined by the presence of certain proteins - agglutinins α and β in plasma and agglutinogens A and B in red blood cells - erythrocytes. These “protein combinations” formed the following blood groups:

The first group is group (O), determined by the presence of α and β antibodies, but no antigens.
The second group, group (A), is characterized by the presence of A antigen and β antibodies.
The third group, group (B), is determined by the presence of proteins α and B.
The fourth group is group (AB), characterized by the presence of antigens A and B, but no antibodies.

Many parents wonder if their blood type affects successful conception and the subsequent course of pregnancy. It’s worth mentioning right away that the group itself does not influence these processes in any way. However, depending on the initial data of the parents, one can assume a certain risk of developing certain deviations. Knowing the blood type of the parents, you can calculate the blood type of the unborn baby as a percentage. The results of blood group compatibility for conceiving a child are clearly demonstrated in the table below.

So, if both parents are carriers of the first blood group, then their baby with a 100% probability will also have this group.
The combination of the first and second or first and third groups will give an equal probability of having babies with the first and second, and the first and third blood groups, respectively.
The most unpredictable is the combination of the second and third groups, since in this case your little one can have absolutely any blood type.

Immunological conflict

A responsible approach to planning and bearing a baby can significantly reduce possible negative phenomena that sometimes happen during the 9 months of waiting for a replenishment. One of the preventive tests - determining the compatibility of partners by blood group - may not play a special role for conception, but for further development for a toddler its significance can be very great. A possible conflict between mother and baby in her womb due to the Rh factor is practically nothing new to anyone. But not everyone knows about the compatibility of blood in the mother-baby bond for conceiving and bearing a child. There are some combinations that can cause complications during pregnancy.

Blood type 1: compatibility for conception. If the mother has the first blood group, and the father of the child has any other, a conflict under the ABO system is possible. If a child has a blood type other than the first, then when they meet the mother’s blood cells, α and β antibodies destroy red blood cells with a foreign antigen. However, there is no need to panic in advance. The presence of the blood type situation described above does not always provoke a conflict, and even without outside intervention, healthy children are born. If the expectant mother wants to play it safe, then after the 30th week she can be tested (once a month) for group antibodies. This conflict (if detected) is less dangerous than the Rhesus conflict. Moreover, with each subsequent pregnancy, the risk of its occurrence decreases more often.
Blood type 2: compatibility for conception. When the blood of the second group circulates in the expectant mother’s body, the likelihood of incompatibility with the baby arises if the father’s blood is of the third and fourth groups.
Blood type 3: compatibility for conception. More careful attention is required when the child’s father has group A or AB (second and fourth, respectively), and the mother has the third group.
Blood type 4: compatibility for conception. If a woman has this group blood, then there is no likelihood of conflict.

This information in no way suggests that people with “possibly incompatible” blood types should not have children or that such a pregnancy will obviously be problematic. It’s just that future mothers and fathers should know that a certain combination of blood groups may require additional attention (blood tests, ultrasound) on their part. If antibodies are detected in the blood of a pregnant woman, treatment is not prescribed immediately and not always - the doctor monitors the dynamics of this indicator. If intervention is necessary, therapy is prescribed. The most effective and safe method is plasmapheresis, although it also has a number of contraindications. When a conflict is detected, the optimal therapy is selected by the doctor.

Blood compatibility for conceiving a child: pregnancy and Rh factor - introduction

Almost every person has heard the term “Rh factor”. However, not everyone fully knows and understands what information it contains. A special protein (antigen) that is located on the surface of red blood cells is the Rh factor. In cases where this protein is detected, they speak of a positive Rh factor; if it is not there, the person’s blood has a negative Rh factor. About 15% of the population does not have the antigen. Laboratory analysis allows you to determine whether you belong to one type or another.

You donate blood.
The laboratory technician determines the presence or absence of a specific protein and makes a conclusion about a positive or negative Rh factor.

Laboratory analysis is designed to determine the compatibility of blood groups and Rhesus to eliminate problems not so much during conception, but during the subsequent course of pregnancy. If the Rh factor of the expectant mother and father is the same, then problems almost never arise. But, unfortunately, this does not always happen.

Blood compatibility for conceiving a child - the occurrence of Rh conflict

Young people love each other, dream about having a baby together and don’t even think about any “Rhesus”. And suddenly a Rhesus conflict arises.

Causes of Rh conflict

Situations when the child’s father does not have protein on his red blood cells, but his mother has it (or vice versa) require additional attention. That is why, even before pregnancy, it is recommended to undergo tests to determine the compatibility of the parents’ blood in order to exclude the influence negative factors both for conception and subsequent pregnancy. Moreover, in a number of cases, even before the appearance of a little man in the womb of a woman to the expectant mother It is necessary to undergo therapy to prevent disease and fetal rejection.

Let's look at these 2 cases in more detail:

The mother's Rh is positive, the father's Rh is negative. This situation in most cases, it does not pose any threat to either the woman or the baby in her womb. Even if the baby has a negative Rh factor, a conflict will not arise, because the woman's blood contains the antigen, but the child's blood does not.
The mother's Rh is negative, the father's Rh is positive. But this situation is already dangerous. If the baby “takes” the father’s antigens, then a conflict arises between the immune systems of the mother and the fetus. The woman’s body is trying to get rid of the foreign object. The production of protein compounds—antibodies—begins, which are designed to eliminate the baby’s red blood cells.

That is why, if a woman donates blood to determine her group and Rh affiliation, an antigen is detected during the analysis, then the father’s Rh is often not even interested in her.

Rh conflict and subsequent pregnancies: how to prevent

The baby's Rh status is formed in the very early stages of pregnancy (at 6-8 weeks). If it is the first pregnancy, then even the presence of a special protein in the baby’s blood almost never leads to a conflict. This is explained by the fact that the first meeting immune system women with antigens of the baby leads to the production of class M immunoglobulin in her. The structure of this substance does not allow it to penetrate the placental barrier, and the baby is safe. However, information about this “meeting” is stored in the so-called cell memory. And during subsequent pregnancies, group G antibodies are produced, which easily penetrate the baby and can cause fetal death or premature termination of pregnancy. G-antibodies, once appearing in the blood, remain in the body for life.

A woman should also take into account that the production of immunoglobulin does not depend on whether the pregnancy ended with the birth of a baby or was artificially terminated, as well as on its location - uterine or ectopic attachment of the fetus. To prevent the occurrence of conflict in the future (2 and subsequent pregnancies), after the first pregnancy, within 48 hours, the woman is injected with anti-Rhesus immunoglobulin, which “erases the memory” of the presence of foreign cells. The sooner the drug is administered, the greater the likelihood of its effectiveness. Thus, the compatibility of Rh blood factors is of utmost importance not only for conception, but for the subsequent successful growth and development of the toddler.

Consequences of lack of therapy for Rhesus conflict

An active attack from the mother’s body often leads to not very good consequences for the baby. The lack of adequate and timely therapy can cause the baby to develop hemolytic disease. Its manifestations (forms) can be as follows:

Development of anemia. This is the mildest scenario and the prognosis is most often favorable.
Postpartum jaundice. This is a more severe form of disorders, which is manifested not only by jaundice skin babies, but also anemia, enlarged liver and spleen. There is an increased level of bilirubin.
The edematous form is the formation of dropsy of the heart or brain. This is the most severe form of pathology. If the antibody attack occurs on early, most often a miscarriage occurs. Defeat in subsequent weeks leads to the birth of the baby in a very in serious condition. There is pallor and severe cardiopulmonary failure.

As a consequence of hypoxia, deviations in mental development child.

That is why it is very important not only to be examined in advance, but also to monitor your health throughout pregnancy. Timely start of therapy will allow you to give birth to a healthy baby at term.