Of all modern methods dental restoration, implantation can easily be called the most progressive at this point in time. Moreover, this technique demonstrates amazing reliability and effectiveness, as evidenced by statistical data on an international scale. At the same time, it should be remembered that this procedure not only has indications, there are also contraindications for dental implantation; accordingly, before starting it, you should carefully think through everything and weigh the pros and cons.
Indications
It is impossible to install dental implants without certain indications; specialists always warn about this. These include:
- A single defect in the dentition, in the presence of which the doctor must do everything possible to healthy teeth neighbors were not negatively impacted.
- The absence of several teeth in a row, running in a row. This situation literally forces the dentist to use one of the options for using implants to solve the problem.
- Absence of a row of terminal teeth. In this case, simpler and more affordable ones are practically excluded, since it is not possible to find support for prostheses; there is no such problem for implants.
- The patient is missing all teeth. Not the most obvious case, but it is the only possible one for those who are not ready to constantly take .
- Rejection of prostheses by the body. In this situation, there is simply no other alternative and to restore teeth you will have to resort to implants.
In addition to the above, it should also be noted that when performing this operation there is no need to remove nerves.
Contraindications
Implantation, by its nature, is one of the operations that cannot be performed solely on the basis of the patient’s wishes; it is necessary to take into account both indications and contraindications for implantation. Contraindications may be different, for example, absolute ones include:
- heart diseases;
- diabetes mellitus and other disorders in the functioning of the endocrine system;
- diseases of central and peripheral nervous system;
- tumors;
- low blood clotting rates;
- renal failure;
- alcoholism and drug addiction;
- age less than 22 years;
- mental illness;
- allergic reaction to the materials and components used;
- immune pathologies.
In the situations described above, implantation becomes impossible, however, there are times when contraindications may be relative. They do not exclude the very possibility of installing implants, but the operation must be preceded by certain preparation, for example, a review of the nutritional system, treatment of diseases, and psychological preparation. Relative contraindications include:
- severe stress;
- endocrine diseases;
- poor quality nutrition;
- venereal diseases;
- the presence of other implants in the body.
There are also possible situations when implantation is prevented by local contraindications, that is, certain diseases oral cavity, which should first be cured before proceeding with this procedure. This may include the following:
- jaw defects;
- teeth grinding;
- malocclusion;
- high level of tooth abrasion;
- small volume bone tissue;
- insufficient oral hygiene.
Finally, there is also a group general contraindications, which can either completely exclude the very possibility of installing implants, or make it feasible subject to certain conditions:
- intolerance to anesthesia;
- diseases of those organs that may be affected by implantation;
- use of certain types of medications, such as antidepressants;
- nervous disorders;
- exhaustion of the body;
- stress;
- low level of oral hygiene.
Possible complications
Technically, implantation is not one of the surgical operations, dangerous and a threat to the patient, but when installing implants there may be various complications, in particular:
- the appearance of pain, which is a completely natural reaction human body to the appearance of a foreign element inside it, they pass painful sensations usually quite quickly, in just a few days;
- swelling, which also goes away very quickly, especially if you use cold to facilitate healing;
- bleeding lasting no more than 3 days with normal conditions;
- temperature rise over several days;
- suture separation, although this is extremely rare, indicates mechanical problems or the onset of inflammation;
- the process of inflammation of the tissues located around the implant due to infection.
All these problems usually arise due to the natural reaction of the body and last no longer than 3-4 days, but if deterioration is observed during this period, then you should immediately consult a doctor for help.
Modern implantation methods make it possible to reduce risks during surgical operations. In particular, or “all on 6”, as well as other protocols with immediate loading, when the prosthesis is placed immediately, are carried out only after careful preparation, previously made computed tomography and 3D treatment planning.
How to find out if there are contraindications?
No such procedure can begin unless the physician has thorough examination patient, did not examine him and did not study his data medical card. Conducting this examination assumes that during its process all information about the condition of the body, in particular the oral cavity, will be collected.
It is important to know: It is imperative to perform an x-ray and collect a series of tests to determine the presence of possible contraindications.
How much does implantation cost?
Although dental implants have a large number of contraindications, they are very popular in modern dentistry. Therefore, if you have indications for dental implantation, then you should familiarize yourself with their prices.
The cost depends on what type of product is installed and using what method. For example, it will have a price of 35,000 rubles. and higher. And laser, due to its specifics, will be a little more expensive, about 30%.
Expert opinions
Alexandrov Vladimir Nikolaevich, implant surgeon
“I must emphasize that in this area there is a steady trend towards a decrease in the number of contraindications every year. Today, an absolute and uncontested ban is very rare; in the vast majority of situations, implantation is possible after carrying out certain preparatory measures. There are no special age restrictions, except, of course, for the childhood period of human development; it’s just that patients with potential contraindications require more serious monitoring and attention to themselves.”
Konareva Svetlana Nikolaevna, chief dentist of dentistry
“Now implantation is the most popular and in-demand operation among our patients. At the same time, we have to admit that not all of them, unfortunately, adhere to our recommendations after completing the procedure, using hard brushes, not following a diet and touching the sutures while brushing their teeth. As a result, this leads to complications and problems that have to be solved later, but at a cost of time, money and nerves.”
The site provides background information for informational purposes only. Diagnosis and treatment of diseases must be carried out under the supervision of a specialist. All drugs have contraindications. Consultation with a specialist is required!
What is dental implantation?
Dental implantation is one of the modern and reliable methods of restoring lost teeth. Its essence lies in the fact that part of the dental implant is implanted into the jawbone instead of the damaged root ( remote) of the tooth and is firmly fixed there. The outer part of the implant is covered with a special crown or prosthesis, which ensures high strength of the entire structure, as well as a good cosmetic result.The advantages of this technique include quality and reliability.
At the same time, it is worth noting that full installation implantation can take from several months to six months, which is due to the slow fusion of the implanted part with the bone tissue of the jaw. Average lifespan of a dental implant ( using quality materials and correct technique installation, as well as proper oral care) can reach 25 – 30 or more years.
What is the difference between dentures and dental implants?
Implantation and prosthetics are two completely different procedures for restoring or replacing damaged teeth. Prosthetics are used in cases where the tooth is only partially damaged, and its root is still firmly fixed in the gum. IN in this case The doctor first prepares the damaged tooth ( removes damaged parts, removes nerve if necessary). Then he sharpens the remaining part of the tooth, and places a metal or metal-ceramic prosthesis on it ( a crown or so-called “bridge”, which allows you to replace several teeth at once). With proper care, the service life of such a prosthesis can reach several decades.The main difference between prosthetics and dental implantation is that in the second case, not only top part tooth, but also its root. Instead of the root in the gum ( into the jaw bone) a metal frame is implanted ( directly implant), on which the so-called superstructure is subsequently “put on” - a crown, a bridge, and so on. Further ( if necessary) the superstructure can be replaced, while removing the implant itself from the bone is extremely difficult ( this can only be done surgically).
Indications for dental implantation
As follows from the above, indications for dental implantation may include: various diseases and pathological conditions in which the entire tooth is missing or cannot be preserved ( including its root).Implantation of one or more teeth is indicated:
- With edentia. This term refers to the complete absence of teeth in the oral cavity. Typically, this condition can be observed in older people who have not sought qualified medical advice for a long time. dental care, as a result of which all their teeth fell out.
- If one or more teeth are missing in the mouth. If one tooth needs to be replaced, one implant is installed instead. If the patient is missing several adjacent teeth, a special plate can be implanted into the jaw, on which there will be 2 – 3 or more “teeth”. This will speed up the treatment process, since there will be no need to install each implant separately.
- For loose teeth and tooth loss. There can be many reasons for increased tooth mobility, from diseases of the teeth themselves to pathologies of the jaw bone. As a rule, once a tooth becomes loose it will never return to its previous, normal position, as a result of which the option of replacing it with an implant should be considered.
- If it is impossible to wear removable dentures. When wearing removable dentures Some people may experience persistent oral discomfort and may be advised to undergo implantation.
- If it is impossible to install permanent dentures. Even when wearing a high-quality crown, part of the tooth underneath can be destroyed. If this happens, the crown will no longer be able to stay in place, and it will be impossible to install a new one due to the lack of supporting dental tissue. In this case, the only treatment option will also be implantation. artificial tooth.
- For malocclusion. Some congenital or acquired anomalies of the upper or lower jaw may cause malocclusion that cannot be corrected in any other way. In this case, the manufacture and installation of specially prepared implants can help solve the problem.
Is dental implantation indicated for periodontal disease and periodontitis?
Dental implantation is one of the main methods of treating periodontitis, while for periodontal disease it can be used only in advanced cases, when other treatment methods are ineffective.Periodontitis is inflammatory disease tissues that surround the tooth and provide its fixation in the jaw bone. With this pathology, there is destruction of the alveolar process of the jaw ( in which the tooth is directly fixed), as well as the formation of abscesses around the tooth itself. As a result, it becomes loose and falls out. Dental implantation is indicated only after periodontitis has been treated and the causes of its occurrence have been eliminated.
Unlike periodontitis, with periodontal disease there is no development of an inflammatory process. This pathology characterized by slow destruction of the bone tissue of the jaw and damage to it alveolar processes, resulting in exposure of the tooth root. Important feature is the fact that for a long time the tooth remains firmly fixed, does not loosen or fall out, and therefore it is not advisable to carry out implantation in the early stages of the disease ( medication and surgery aimed at restoring bone tissue around the tooth). At the same time, it is worth noting that with prolonged progression of the disease and without necessary treatment the root of the tooth may become exposed ( protrude above the gum surface) by more than 50%. In this case, the tooth may become loose and the risk of tooth loss increases. If this happens, the only possible treatment option will be dental implantation.
Are dental implants performed for children?
Dental implantation for children under 18 years of age is not recommended. The fact is that as a child grows, the jaw bones and teeth themselves grow and change. An implant installed in early childhood would after some time be too small for the patient, as a result of which it would need to be reinstalled. Performing such a procedure would be impractical and extremely traumatic. That is why, in such cases, various options for dental prosthetics are first used, and after the child stops growing, the issue of installing permanent implants is decided.Alternatives to Dental Implants
Dental implantation is a fairly reliable, but expensive and relatively labor-intensive method. If the patient is not ready for such a procedure, the damaged tooth can be “fixed” in other ways.An alternative to dental implantation may be:
- Classic prosthetics. In this case, a special crown is placed on the prepared upper part of the tooth, protecting the tooth from further destruction. It is worth noting that dentures can be removable ( the patient can remove them independently whenever he wishes) or permanent ones, which are firmly fixed to the remaining tooth and can only be removed by a specialist in a dental clinic.
- Tooth reimplantation. This technique is similar to classical implantation. First, the doctor carefully removes the damaged tooth, which is then treated in a special way ( that is, restored, restored) – pathological foci of caries and other damage are removed from it, various deformations and canals are filled, enamel is restored ( outer surface of the tooth) and so on. After the restoration process is completed, the patient’s tooth returns to its original place and is fixed to the jawbone, after which it can serve for many more years ( with proper care).
Limitations and contraindications for dental implantation
The procedure for installing an implant is quite complex, time-consuming and associated with certain risks, as a result of which, before starting it, the doctor must make sure that the patient does not have any contraindications. Dental implantation is contraindicated:
- For infectious diseases of the oral cavity. If the patient has stomatitis ( inflammation of the oral mucosa), gingivitis ( gum inflammation) or other similar infectious process, you should first begin to treat it, and only after the source of infection has been completely eliminated should you begin dental implantation. The fact is that during the implantation procedure the implant will be implanted into the jawbone. If there is a focus of infection in the oral cavity, pathogenic microorganisms can enter the blood or bone tissue, causing the development of serious complications.
- At serious illnesses cardiovascular or respiratory system. During implantation, it may be necessary to put the patient under anesthesia ( medicated sleep), which can be dangerous if there is heart failure or respiratory failure.
- For diseases of the immune system. In some pathologies, the functioning of the immune system, which normally performs a protective function, is disrupted ( protecting the body from the introduction of foreign bacteria, viruses, fungi and other dangerous particles). Since the implant is a foreign substance that comes into direct contact with the patient’s blood, if the function of the immune system is impaired, the patient may develop allergic reactions that can pose a danger to his health or even life.
- For mental disorders. Performing a dental implant requires a certain amount of cooperation and understanding from the patient. If the patient is inadequate and is not responsible for his actions, carry out this procedure he can't.
- For diseases of the blood coagulation system. Under normal conditions this system is responsible for stopping bleeding from wounds, injuries, cuts, and so on. If its functions are impaired, the patient may experience prolonged, heavy bleeding even after minor cuts. Dental implant surgery involves damage to the oral mucosa, gums and jawbone, resulting in an increased risk of bleeding during this procedure. That is why, before starting to perform it, the doctor must make sure that the patient’s blood coagulation system is functioning properly.
- At rheumatic diseases connective tissue. With systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma and other similar diseases, the development of connective tissue, which is extremely important at the stage of implantation into the jaw bone, is disrupted. That is why, before dental implantation, it is necessary to achieve stable remission of the patient’s existing pathology.
- In the acute phase of tuberculosis. Tuberculosis is an infectious disease that most often affects lung tissue. Acute phase pathology is characterized by the fact that a sick person secretes an infectious agent into environment along with exhaled air ( when coughing or simply breathing). Since during dental implantation, doctors will need to work in close proximity to the patient's respiratory tract, their risk of contracting tuberculosis increases. That is why tuberculosis should be treated first, and only after achieving stable remission ( subsidence of acute manifestations of the disease and negative laboratory tests) you can plan dental implantation.
- For diseases of the temporomandibular joint. Diseases that make it impossible to open the mouth wide enough can create difficulties during dental implantation surgery.
- With pronounced anomalies in the structure of the jaw. During the procedure, a metal implant of a certain length and specific dimensions will need to be implanted into the jawbone. If the patient’s anomalies do not allow this to be done ( for example, with bones that are too thin, deformed or weak), dental implantation is contraindicated for him.
Dental implantation for anemia
The possibility of implantation depends on the severity of anemia ( anemia), as well as on the speed of its development.Anemia is characterized by a decrease in the concentration of red blood cells ( red blood cells) and hemoglobin ( ensuring the transport of oxygen to tissues and organs). With the development of anemia, the transport function of the blood is disrupted, that is, the body's cells may begin to lack oxygen. Since a certain amount of blood loss is possible during tooth implantation ( usually no more than a few milliliters, but if unforeseen complications develop, more heavy bleeding is possible), no doctor will take a patient with severe anemia for surgery.
It is worth noting that not only the severity of anemia is important, but also the speed of its development. For example, the normal hemoglobin level in men is considered to be 130 g/liter, and in women – 120 g/l. If anemia develops slowly ( for example, with a deficiency of iron, vitamin B12 or other substances), the body manages to adapt to gradually changing conditions and does not experience a pronounced lack of oxygen. In such cases, surgery can be performed even with a slightly reduced hemoglobin level ( but not less than 90 g/l). If anemia develops as a result of bleeding, the body does not adapt well to rapidly changing conditions, as a result of which dental implantation can be performed only after eliminating the cause of anemia and restoring normal hemoglobin levels.
Are dental implants done during menstruation?
It is not recommended to install an implant or other surgical interventions during menstrual bleeding, as this can negatively affect the general condition and health of the woman, as well as lead to the development of complications.Dental implantation during menstruation can be complicated:
- Development of anemia. During menstrual bleeding, a woman normally loses about 50–150 ml of blood ( sometimes up to 200 ml, which depends on the individual characteristics of the body). At the same time, with the development of any pathologies or complications, bleeding may be more pronounced, as a result of which blood loss can reach 500 ml or more. In this case, severe anemia may develop, requiring urgent treatment. That's why dental implants ( as well as any other surgical interventions) is not recommended during menstruation.
- Stress. During your period female body experiences stress, which is manifested by increased stimulation of the nervous system, hormonal changes, and so on. The operation to install an implant can increase stress, which can lead to increased nervous excitement, nervousness, nervous breakdown and other psychological disorders.
- Disorders of the blood coagulation system. As mentioned earlier, the coagulation system ensures that bleeding is stopped. During menstruation, there is an increased activation of blood clotting factors, which is protective in nature ( prevents heavy blood loss ). If you perform dental implantation ( during which damage to the tissues of the gums, jaw and oral mucosa also occurs), this may further increase the activity of the blood coagulation system, thereby increasing the risk of developing associated complications. The most dangerous complication in this case may be the formation of blood clots ( blood clots) directly in the vascular bed. Such blood clots can clog blood vessels, thereby interfering with the delivery of blood and oxygen to certain tissues and organs ( including to the heart, lungs, brain and so on).
Is it possible to have dental implants performed during pregnancy or while breastfeeding?
During pregnancy, dental implantation is prohibited, as this can lead to the development of complications that pose a danger to the health and life of the mother and fetus.Dental implantation during pregnancy can be complicated by:
- Toxic effects of medications. The implantation procedure is extremely painful, and therefore can only be performed using anesthesia ( anesthesia, pain relief). Anesthesia involves the introduction into a woman’s bloodstream of a number of drugs that can penetrate the placenta ( organ that provides nutrition to the fetus) into the fetal bloodstream and disrupt its development. This can lead to intrauterine anomalies or even intrauterine fetal death. It is also worth noting that painkillers prescribed to the patient after implantation may also have a toxic effect.
- Allergic reactions. An allergy is an overreaction of the immune system that manifests itself general malaise, skin itching, a pronounced decrease in blood pressure, an increase in body temperature, and so on. Allergies can occur both during pain relief and in response to the introduction of a foreign substance ( implant) into the jawbone. The development of a severe allergic reaction can lead to disruption of the blood supply to the fetus, thereby causing damage to its organs ( primarily the brain) or even intrauterine death.
- Damage to the fetus from X-rays. In the process of preparing for implantation, it is necessary to perform an x-ray examination, that is, take a picture of the jaw and teeth ( sometimes not one, but several at once). Exposure to radiation can negatively affect the process of formation and development of embryonic or fetal organs, which will lead to the occurrence of intrauterine developmental anomalies.
- Development of infectious complications. During pregnancy, there is a weakening of women's immunity, which is necessary for the normal development of the fetus. Under such conditions, the entry of even a small number of pathogenic microorganisms into an open wound can lead to the development of a severe infection, which will require additional treatment (in particular, the prescription of antibiotics, which are contraindicated during pregnancy, as they can damage the fetus).
Features of dental implantation for diabetes mellitus type 1 or 2
If the patient is found initial form diabetes mellitus, which has not yet led to the development of complications, and the patient himself takes the treatment prescribed to him, dental implantation is not contraindicated for him. At the same time, with long-term progressive forms of the disease, as well as with the development of complications from internal organs and systems, it will be extremely difficult or even impossible to perform the procedure for implantation.Diabetes mellitus is a disease in which some cells in the human body cannot properly metabolize glucose ( sugar, which is a source of energy for them). This leads to disruption of the functions of many organs and systems, which is accompanied by the development of severe complications.
Today, type 1 diabetes mellitus is distinguished ( insulin dependent) and 2 types ( non-insulin dependent). In the first case, the cause of the disease is a violation of the production of the hormone insulin, which is normally produced by the pancreas. With its deficiency, glucose cannot penetrate the cells, which leads to an increase in the concentration of sugar in the blood. External administration of insulin helps resolve this problem, which was the reason for the name of this form of the disease.
In type 2 diabetes, the disease is caused by damage to the body's cells that cannot interact with insulin, as a result of which glucose cannot enter them. This also leads to increased blood sugar levels, although insulin production is not impaired. In this case, treatment is carried out various drugs, which help reduce sugar levels, thereby preventing the development of complications.
As mentioned earlier, diabetes affects many organs, including blood vessels. Due to insufficient glucose intake, the walls of small blood vessels are damaged, resulting in the destruction of blood vessels. Over time, this leads to insufficient blood supply to the affected organs. Against the background of impaired oxygen delivery, cell division processes are disrupted ( regeneration), and also increases the risk of developing infections ( due to insufficient supply of immune system cells to the affected tissue). If such complications develop, it will be impossible to implant a tooth in the patient. The fact is that after installing the implant, it must grow into the bone tissue of the jaw. However, due to impaired blood supply, this process will proceed extremely slowly and “sluggishly”, as a result of which the implant will not take root as it should. Moreover, due to impaired blood supply to the oral mucosa, the risk of wound infection during the procedure increases, which can lead to the development of a dangerous purulent infection.
Are dental implants performed for oncology?
Oncological ( tumor) diseases in themselves are not a contraindication to dental implantation. At the same time, it is worth noting that the presence of a malignant tumor requires its immediate treatment, since otherwise the risk of complications and death of the patient increases. That is why, when a cancerous tumor is detected, first of all, it should be cured, and only after that, dental implantation should be planned.Dental implantation is contraindicated:
- If there are tumors in the mouth, face, head, neck. During the operation, damage to the tumor is possible, which can lead to its metastasis ( progression of the disease, accompanied by the spread of tumor cells to other tissues and organs).
- In the presence of metastases. The presence of metastases in distant tissues and organs indicates that the tumor is developing progressively. It is noted quick violation functions of many internal organs and systems, which often leads to the death of the patient.
- During radiotherapy. Radiotherapy may be used to treat some tumor diseases. Its essence lies in exposing tumor tissue to certain doses of radiation, which leads to the death of tumor cells. At the same time, it is worth noting that irradiation can disrupt the division of normal cells of the human body, as a result of which the wound healing process will slow down, including the process of overgrowth of the implant with bone tissue.
- During chemotherapy. Chemotherapy is the use medications for the purpose of treating tumors. Chemotherapy also disrupts cell division processes in various organs, as a result of which it is impossible to implant an implant at this time.
Dental implantation for hepatitis
The presence of hepatitis in itself is not a contraindication to dental implantation. At the same time, the development of complications associated with this disease can create certain difficulties that make it impossible to perform the procedure.Hepatitis is an inflammatory liver disease that develops as a result of infection with specific viruses, against the background of alcohol abuse, intoxication of the body, and so on. When the disease worsens, the patient experiences an increase in body temperature, general weakness, indigestion, nausea, vomiting, and so on. It is prohibited to perform dental implantation in such conditions, as this can lead to depletion of the body’s compensatory capabilities and the development of complications. At the same time, after adequate treatment and achievement of remission ( subsidence of acute manifestations of the disease) implantation can be carried out without any serious problems.
The situation is much worse with chronic, long-term progressive hepatitis. In this case, against the background of a chronic inflammatory process, it may be affected most of liver cells, which will lead to the development of complications ( in particular to liver cirrhosis). This will be accompanied by disruption of the functions of many other organs and systems, in particular the blood coagulation system. The fact is that many coagulation factors are formed by liver cells. When they are destroyed, the concentration of these factors in the blood will decrease, as a result of which the patient will have a tendency to bleed even after minor tissue damage. It will be impossible to perform dental implantation in such conditions, since if bleeding occurs, it will be extremely difficult for doctors to stop it, as a result of which the patient may lose a lot of blood.
Is dental implantation performed for HIV infection?
HIV is a human immunodeficiency virus that can enter the body through sexual contact, as well as through blood transfusions and repeated use of syringes. different people (which is common among people who abuse drugs) and so on. When this virus enters a person’s body, it infects the cells of his immune system, as a result of which, over time, the body becomes less resistant to development various infections. Ultimately ( without necessary treatment) the patient dies due to the development of many infectious complications from various organs.It is worth noting that the process of damage to the human immune system proceeds very slowly, taking years or even decades. In the initial stages of the disease, as well as with proper treatment, there are enough immune system cells in the patient’s body to resist infections. Such patients are not prohibited from undergoing dental implantation, but they must inform the doctor about their existing pathology. In this case, the doctor will work extremely carefully so as not to become infected with HIV himself, and will also pay special attention to the prevention of infectious complications during surgery and in the postoperative period ( he may prescribe stronger antibiotics for a longer time).
If HIV has infected most of the cells of the patient’s immune system, his body’s resistance to infections is extremely low. In this case, during surgery, even simple, usually harmless bacteria ( which constantly live in the human oral cavity) can enter the wound and cause the development of severe systemic infection, which can cause the death of the patient. Dental implantation is strictly contraindicated for such patients.
Dental implantation in old age
Old age is not a contraindication to dental implantation. If the patient does not have the previously listed contraindications ( diseases of the cardiovascular, respiratory and other systems, diabetes mellitus, malignant tumors and so on), one or more teeth may be implanted. Features of the procedure in older people include a slowdown in regeneration processes ( recovery) bone tissue. As a result, after installation of the implant, it may take longer for it to become firmly fixed in the bone and begin to function normally.Preparation before dental implantation
In order for the implantation procedure to occur as quickly, efficiently and safely as possible, the patient must be properly prepared for it. Preparation includes a full examination of the patient, as well as his compliance with certain rules, which the attending physician will tell him about. Which doctor performs dental implants?
To perform dental implantation it is necessary make an appointment with a dentist. It is worth noting that today in dentistry there are many narrower specialties, each of which deals with solving certain issues. In addition, it is the dentist who, if necessary, can refer the patient to other specialized specialists if their consultation is necessary for the dental implantation procedure.To undergo dental implantation, the patient may need consultation:
- Orthopedic dentist. This specialist is directly involved in determining indications and contraindications for implantation, helps the patient choose the most suitable implantation method, and is also directly involved in the process of implant installation and postoperative treatment patient.
- Dental surgeon. This specialist specializes in tooth extraction, as well as treatment of other diseases of the dental system that require surgical intervention. His consultation may be necessary before implantation ( to remove the remains of damaged teeth, instead of which implants will be installed), and after the end of the procedure ( in case of development of purulent complications for which surgical treatment is indicated).
- Dentist-therapist. Consultation or treatment with this specialist may be required if the patient has caries ( being a source of infection in the oral cavity), periodontitis ( inflammatory lesion tissues that fix the tooth) and other pathologies in which implantation is contraindicated.
- Dental technician. This specialist is directly involved in the manufacture of dental implants and dentures.
Examination of the patient before dental implantation
During the first consultation, the doctor determines the indications and contraindications for implantation, and also informs the patient about the features of the upcoming procedure.The initial examination of the patient by a dentist includes:
- Conversation with the patient. During the conversation, the doctor clarifies exactly what problems bother the patient, how long he has been suffering from dental diseases, whether he has visited dentists before, and so on.
- Examination of the oral cavity. During the first consultation, the doctor carefully examines the patient’s mouth and teeth, based on which he determines whether he needs implantation or whether he should resort to other treatment methods.
- Informing the patient about possible methods treatment. After the examination, the doctor must tell the patient about all possible treatment options for his disease, as well as their characteristics, possible complications, and so on.
- Identification of possible contraindications. At the first consultation, the doctor should ask the patient if he has any diseases for which implantation is contraindicated.
- Informing the patient about the implantation procedure. The doctor must tell the patient everything about the chosen treatment method, including the technical features of the procedure, the method of pain relief, duration of treatment, duration postoperative recovery, possible consequences, complications, cost of the procedure, and so on. If during the consultation the patient has any additional questions, the doctor should also answer them.
What tests need to be done before dental implantation?
Before performing the procedure, you should undergo a series of tests, based on which the doctor will determine whether the patient can have an implant installed.Before dental implantation you may need:
- General blood analysis. This analysis contains data on the concentration of hemoglobin and red blood cells in the blood ( their decrease may be a sign of anemia, in which implantation is contraindicated). Also, based on a general blood test, the presence of infection in the body can be detected ( this may be indicated by an increase in leukocyte concentration of more than 9.0 x 109/l), which is also a contraindication for surgery.
- Blood chemistry. A biochemical blood test may contain data on the functioning of the liver, kidneys, heart and other internal organs. Violation of their functions may also be a reason for canceling or postponing the dental implantation procedure. Moreover, during a biochemical analysis, the concentration of glucose in the blood is determined, which makes it possible to identify patients with diabetes.
- General urine analysis. A general urine test can detect infections genitourinary system, and functional diseases kidney
- Analysis for viral hepatitis. As mentioned earlier, hepatitis can be caused by infection with certain viruses. Diagnostic value before dental implantation, it is necessary to determine the markers of hepatitis B and C viruses, since they can lead to chronic course diseases and liver damage. Also, the doctor performing the operation can become infected with these viruses if during the procedure he comes into contact with the patient’s blood ( for example, if his glove breaks or he gets stuck with a needle).
- HIV test. This analysis is carried out for several reasons. First, if the doctor knows that the patient has HIV, he will take additional measures to prevent the development of infectious complications during and after surgery. Secondly, during the operation he will be extremely careful not to become infected himself. Thirdly, the analysis is performed before any surgical intervention in order to ensure the safety of the doctor. The fact is that after the operation, an HIV-infected patient can sue the doctor, saying that it was during the implantation that he was infected with this virus. Laboratory confirmation of the presence of HIV in a patient before surgery will prevent this scenario.
- Pregnancy test. This is not a mandatory test, but before planning implantation, it is better for a woman to make sure that she is not pregnant. The fact is that in some cases the total duration of tooth implantation can be several months ( After the first stage, a certain break is taken, and then the second stage of the Toothache operation is performed. What to do?
- Dentist (dentist, orthodontist) – what kind of doctors are they and what do they treat? When should you contact him? What can a patient expect at the appointment?
Dental implantation - modern technique, which allows for high-quality restoration of the dental apparatus with almost lifelong implants.
An implant is a structure implanted into the jaw bone tissue on which an artificial tooth is supported. Implants can be intraosseous, subperiosteal, or transosseous.
Implants with a high-quality crown successfully imitate natural teeth and are often used in modern dentistry.
Successfully developing scientific and practical implantology, using high-tech equipment and biocompatible materials, returns to patients the joy of a smile, the ability to fully absorb food, and psychological comfort.
But implantation has a number of contraindications and can occasionally cause side effects or be unsuccessful.
Therefore, having decided to carry out such a serious operation, you need to weigh the pros and cons and carefully approach the solution to this problem.
Any patient who decides to undergo implantation asks himself and the doctor a lot of questions to which he wants answers.
Are complications possible, is it painful, what are the consequences, what is the price and guarantee - questions that can be answered.
Does it hurt or not?
No, it doesn't hurt. The procedure is painless, maybe not entirely comfortable - you need to be in a chair with your mouth open.
To reduce pain before the injection, the patient is treated with an anesthetic over the injection area.
Pain may occur after the effect of anesthetic drugs wears off., as with a regular tooth extraction. In this case, painkillers help: ibuprofen, nurofen, ketanov.
Is general anesthesia necessary and its harm?
There are several types of anesthesia:
- Administration of local anesthetic drugs.
- Carrying out sedation. Sedation is a sleep-like state in which the patient feels virtually no pain, but can respond to the actions and words of the doctor.
- Introduction of anesthesia.
The doctor decides which pain relief technique to use, assessing the patient’s health and psychological state.
General anesthesia can be used in clinics that have a license for this procedure and recovery rooms.
An important link is the anesthesiologist. His tasks are to calculate the dose of anesthesia, administer it, monitor the patient’s condition, and respond to the slightest complications.
The implantologist has his own, no less difficult task. Only in tandem can success be achieved in the operation and complications avoided.
Damage to the jaw due to deep screwing
Very rarely, but if the doctor is negligent, irresponsible, or unprofessional in performing the operation, the following damage is possible:
- The exit of the implant into the nasal or oral cavity.
- Damage to the facial, trigeminal (branch innervating lower jaw) nerves.
- Perforation of the walls of the maxillary sinus.
Seam divergence
Causes of seam divergence:
- Medical error (rare complication).
- Smoking, careless mechanical intervention in the surgical area, non-compliance with the doctor’s recommendations by the patient.
If the suture site is not visible when you smile, doctors often do not recommend re-suturing. The wound will heal on its own. In other cases, the sutures are repeated.
The wound does not heal for a long time, severe swelling after surgery, prolonged bleeding
Are such consequences possible? Complete clinical examination, maintaining sterility during the procedure, carefully following the rules of the postoperative period reduces the risk of such complications to zero.
The first days of the postoperative period are characterized by swelling and slight bleeding. These symptoms disappear literally on the second to fourth day.
Causes of bleeding:
- increased arterial pressure (needs medications for hypertension);
- oral injuries(often with solid food, with poor oral hygiene).
If the wound heals poorly or does not heal at all, you should consult a doctor to avoid serious complications and implant rejection.
Possibility of rejection
Correct, competent installation by a highly qualified specialist and compliance with all recommendations after implantation provides an almost 100% guarantee of quality.
Allergy to titanium: myth or reality?
Doctors generally say that there is no allergy to titanium. In most patients, titanium roots actually take root well and do not give any side effects. But 3% of people may have biological incompatibility with this metal.
The European Association of Osseointegration (Zurich) discussed this issue at its last congress.
Clinical studies in oral implantology (Spain) have shown that allergies to titanium do exist. What's happening?
Under the influence of natural electrogalvanism, titanium atoms bind to proteins and form a foreign complex, to which the body produces an allergic reaction: a rash, weakness, and muscle pain appear.
IN severe cases the development of an autoimmune disease is possible.
What to do? Be sure to consult an allergist. It is possible to install implants from polymer material, zirconium oxide.
We will learn about what problems a patient may still encounter after installing implants in the following video:
Prohibitions on the operation
Any medical procedure has its contraindications. They can be combined into several groups: absolute, relative, general, local, permanent, temporary. The most important are absolute and relative.
Absolute
Dental implantation is prohibited in the following cases:
Relative
Relative contraindications to implantation include:
- infectious diseases, actinomycosis;
- exacerbation of chronic inflammatory diseases;
- pregnancy;
- hypovitaminosis, avitaminosis;
- syphilis;
- hard physical labor, traumatic, extreme sports (boxing, wrestling).
There are many contraindications to implantation, but the surgeon decides whether implantation is possible with each patient individually. Before the operation, the patient undergoes a complete medical examination:
- oral cavity analysis;
- radiography of the jaw apparatus, panoramic image or 3D diagnostics;
- electrocardiography;
- general and/or biochemical blood tests;
- consultations with an endocrinologist, therapist, allergist, neurologist.
Every year, with the improvement of implantation technology, the list of contraindications decreases. More careful monitoring of the patient's health status guarantees good results.
Myths
Takes a lot of time
Installing an artificial titanium root takes only about an hour. It takes longer to install a permanent crown.
Between the installation of implants and the installation of the prosthesis, it takes from two days to four months. This period depends on the individual characteristics of the patient, clinical indications and osseointegration.
Osseointegration is an anatomical and functional relationship that occurs between bone tissue and an implant due to chewing force.
It's too expensive
Modern dentistry offers implants of different pricing policies - cheaper (affordable to the majority of the population) and expensive. The price depends on the materials and the preparatory stage.
If we compare the price of an ordinary prosthesis and an implant, the difference in price seems significant.
But you need to take into account that in order to install an ordinary prosthesis, it is necessary to treat these teeth: take several pictures, remove the nerve, insert a pin, put a high-quality filling - and this also costs money.
Removable dentures, although comfortable, cause some psychological discomfort– they need to be removed, washed, processed, and over time they have to be replaced with new ones.
Permanent dentures also do not last forever - the gums sag, gaps form between the crown and the ground tooth, and the tooth begins to decay.
There is a need to replace the entire prosthesis, which leads to new financial costs.
ROOTT implantation is fast, reliable, durable, painless, and economical.
Prices for installing implants depend on the materials, preparatory stage, clinic, doctor’s qualifications and type of service:
| Type of service | Price |
| Classic, made in Israel (without crown) | from 21,000 rub. |
| Classic, made in Switzerland (without crown) | 25,000 – 28,000 rub. |
| Single-stage, made in Switzerland with a crown | 35,000 – 41,000 rub. |
| Single-stage (Switzerland) with zirconium dioxide crown | 65,000 rub. |
| Complete one-stage complex implantation of one jaw | RUB 295,000 |
| Complete one-stage complex implantation of both jaws | 550,000 rub. |
| Classic implant with tooth extraction and immediate installation | from 40,500 rub. |
| Removable denture for one jaw on four implants | 136,000 rub. |
The average prices for clinics in Russia are indicated. Cost may vary. Some clinics hold various promotions.
Before carrying out manipulations, you need to accurately determine from a specialist the cost of the final work - installation of implants and crowns.
The cost of the crown is often not included in the cost of the work, since the price depends on the choice of material: gold, metal-ceramics, metal-plastic and other materials.
The cost of the implant includes anesthesia, installation, examination, warranty, and doctor’s work.
Implant prices:
| Premium class (very high quality, with a lifetime guarantee) | Nobel Biocare (Switzerland-USA) | 40,000 – 70,000 rub. |
| Straumann (Switzerland) | 40,000 – 50,000 rub. | |
| XIVe (Germany) | 30,000 rub. | |
| Anthogyr (France)- | 20,000 rub. | |
| Astra Tech, manufacturer Sweden | 35,000 – 45,000 rub. | |
| Mid-level (cheaper, but high quality) | Dentsply Friadent | 20,000 – 30,000 rub. |
| Schutz (Germany) | 18,000 – 30,000 rub. | |
| Zimmer (USA) | 18,000 – 30,000 rub. | |
| Niko (Liko), Russia | 23,000 – 30,000 rub. | |
| A budget option ( good quality and demand) | Mis (Israel), Ards, AlphaBio | 15,000 – 24,000 rub. |
| Implantium, Korean quality | 13,000 – 25,000 rub. | |
| Budget option (lower quality) | Implants from former CIS countries | 7,000 – 17,000 rub. |
These are the same prostheses, but more expensive
Implants are fundamentally different from prostheses:
| Comparison | Single-stage implantation | Classical | Prosthetics |
| Traumatization | Minimal, no gum peeling occurs | Trauma due to gum peeling | Depulpation and grinding healthy teeth |
| Deadlines | Up to a week | 2 – 4 months | 2 – 3 weeks |
| Need for expansion bone tissue |
Absent | Required according to indications | Absent |
| Bone tissue atrophy during use | There is no atrophy | Occurs over time, teeth may shift | |
| Chewing function | Recovers in 3–4 days | Recovery up to six months | Recovers immediately |
| Aesthetics | The level is average due to the artificial gum area (with bone atrophy). Re-prosthetics possible | Great aesthetics | High but temporary aesthetics of bridges. Low – for removable |
| Stabilization of the prosthesis | Excellent | Reliable | Depends on the supporting teeth. Removable dentures require additional fixatives (adhesives, creams) |
| Service life | Lifetime | Bridge-like – 5 – 20 years. Removable – 3 – 5 years |
|
The conclusion that dentures and implants are not the same thing is obvious.
It takes a long time to prepare for the process.
The duration of preparation for implantation depends on many reasons. First, the doctor examines the patient, collects anamnesis, prescribes an examination, and then, if necessary, prescribes consultations with specialists.
If there are no contraindications, the implantologist will schedule the day of surgery. If the patient requires specific treatment, prescribed by an endocrinologist, neurologist, therapist and other specialists, the time of the operation is postponed.
Often the patient requires complete sanitation of the oral cavity.
While they are taking root, the patient walks without teeth
At the patient's request, temporary crowns or dentures are installed, especially if the implantation area is visible when smiling.
They do it badly in Russia
Choosing a clinic, doctor highest category, who has been trained by leading experts of the country and abroad, who has mastered the latest technologies, guarantee the quality, aesthetics, and durability of your new teeth.
Choose a clinic that has sufficient experience in carrying out such manipulations; choose a specialist who suits your professional and psychological qualities. Find materials about implantation on the Internet, read, study reviews.
Do not hesitate to ask your doctor about the slightest nuances of the future procedure and its consequences.
Original implants come with a manufacturer's warranty and certificate. The doctor's work is guaranteed for 2 years.
It takes a long time to get used to them
Installing a permanent structure makes getting used to it very fast, especially if the upper part – the crown of the tooth – is chosen correctly. Literally in a few days (with high-quality medical intervention) the patient forgets that he had implants.
Tip 1: Caring for implants is exactly the same as caring for natural teeth: brushing twice daily with toothpaste, rinsing after meals, using dental floss if necessary, visiting the dentist at least once a year, and performing routine professional teeth cleaning in the clinic.
Tip 2: It is advisable to purchase an electric brush with pulsation technology for cleaning your teeth, as well as an irrigator for irrigating interdental spaces and removing plaque.
What patients say
If you have undergone implantation in Russia or abroad, please leave your feedback in the comments about your feelings during and after the operation.
Write about how you live with implants, whether you managed to solve all your dental and aesthetic problems. Your feedback is very important to doctors and future patients.
Dental implantation is an operation that involves implanting an artificial root into bone tissue. Implants allow you to completely restore not only the aesthetics of your smile, but also the functionality of your teeth. They are a support for a crown or removable denture.
The structure itself consists of a titanium screw and an abutment on which the scab is placed. In order for the product to take root, not only the qualifications of the master and the quality of the dental implant are important, but also the patient’s compliance with all requirements during the recovery period.
Dental implantation is performed only when necessary. It is determined by the doctor after conducting a complete diagnosis and collecting the patient’s medical history. Implantation of artificial roots is carried out for the following indications:
- Single dentition defect;
- The need to create support for removable prosthetics;
- Complete edentia;
- The desire to make your smile more aesthetically pleasing.
All contraindications to such a procedure can be divided into absolute and relative. In the first case, the operation is prohibited. Dental implantation should be completely abandoned in the following clinical situations:
- Bruxism;
- Tuberculosis in open form;
- Serious pathologies of the cardiovascular system;
- Low protective functions of the body;
- Deviations in the functioning of the hematopoietic organs;
- Presence of malignancy;
- Venereal diseases;
- Stage 1 diabetes mellitus.
Relative contraindications may indicate that there is a risk unfavorable outcome. However, the operation can be carried out if all precautions are taken. Such contraindications include:
- Diabetes mellitus 2 degrees;
- Predisposition to an allergic reaction;
- Osteomyelitis;
- Pathological bite;
- Precancerous condition of oral tissues;
- Infection.
Relative contraindications include the period of bearing a child. If the situation allows, it is better to carry out implantation.
Advantages and disadvantages
Dental implantology is a field that has many advantages. After the operation, the aesthetic appeal of the smile is completely restored. This procedure is low-traumatic and reliable. After installation of the implant, the patient can speak and eat normally.
Despite great amount advantages, implantation of implant structures has the following disadvantages:
- There is a risk of implant rejection (less than 5%);
- A large number of contraindications;
- Duration of the procedure;
- High price.
The implant may not take root due to the individual characteristics of the patient, due to proper care behind the oral cavity, due to the use of low-quality material or due to improper installation. In particularly advanced cases, the duration of the procedure can reach six months. The cost of installing an implant is much higher than performing simple prosthetics.
Types of implants
There are different models of implant structures. Each of them is intended for a specific clinical case. The following varieties are distinguished:
- Classic;
- Short;
- Mini implants;
- Intramucosal;
- Basal;
- Zygomatic.
The classic type of root implants is presented in the form of an elongated cylinder or tooth root. Their length is 6−7 mm. Such products can be used in almost all clinical cases. In areas with minimal bone tissue, short implants of 3–6 mm are installed. Their stability and reliability is ensured by their large width.
Extended basal products are installed directly into the basal bone. They take root best in patients with diabetes and smokers. Zygomatic varieties are placed in the cheek bone. Used when the amount of bone tissue is minimal. They serve as an excellent fixation for a bridge or fixed prosthesis.
Mini-implants are used to create temporary support for prosthetics or as additional reinforcement for installing braces.
Intramucosal models are fixed not in the bone tissue, but in the mucous membrane. Most often they are used to fix removable dentures in elderly people.
Implantation methods
The result of the manipulation depends not only on what type of implant was chosen, but also on the technology of implantation. There are several methods for carrying out such a procedure, each of them has its own advantages and disadvantages. Implantation methods do not require preliminary grinding of healthy teeth that are located nearby.
Two-stage implantation
This method is considered classic in dental implantology. It is excellent for almost any clinical case. Both regular root-shaped implants and short ones can be installed. The main difference between the two-stage technique is that it allows the product to gradually take root in the bone. This approach is more gentle on the patient’s body and ensures successful engraftment.
Initially, the doctor prepares the bone bed for the installation of cylindrical or screw implants. To do this, mucoperiosteal flaps are removed and a small depression is created in the tissue itself. A guide channel is installed in the bone, which is then expanded. After preparing the bone bed, an implant is screwed into it, on top of which a plug is installed. All mucoperiosteal flaps are returned to their place, and the wound is sutured. The entire procedure takes about 1 hour.
The healing period can last from 3 months to six months. The second stage of implantation is installation of the support head. To do this, incisions are made on the mucosa, the plug is removed and a gum former is mounted, which is then replaced with a supporting head.
The disadvantage of this technique is that it does not allow you to instantly restore a lost tooth. However, in this case, survival is better, and the risk of complications is much lower.
One-step procedure
This method involves installation directly on an implanted implant. Not all types of products are suitable for such an operation, since some of them cannot provide the required level of stability.
One-stage implantation occurs in the following way:
- On the day of tooth extraction, an implant, abutment and temporary crown are installed.
- Over the course of six months, the process of gum formation and engraftment of the product occurs.
- After final healing, an abutment is made to suit the individual characteristics of the patient and a permanent crown is installed.
This procedure has many names: express, instant, instant implantation. The essence of the technique is that both tooth extraction and temporary crown installation are carried out in one visit to the doctor.
Laser and basal technologies
Some doctors think laser method carrying out manipulation a separate species, but this is actually a simple extension of the two-step technique. In this case, the gum is cut not with a scalpel, but with a laser. Consequently, the operation is bloodless, and the risks of developing an inflammatory process are minimized.
The peculiarity of basal implantation is that instead of conventional root-shaped products, long basal ones are installed. They are screwed into the bone and the prosthesis is immediately installed.
Basal technology involves performing manipulation in one stage. Its advantages include the following nuances:
- Installation of an implant immediately after tooth extraction;
- Less traumatic;
- Installation of a temporary prosthesis on the day of implantation of the product;
- The dentition looks aesthetically pleasing immediately after manipulation;
- There is no need to carry out sinus lifting and other additional procedures that include;
- Restoration of chewing function occurs in a short time.
Due to the fact that the implant is installed in dense basal bone, its stability and reliability increases several times. The permanent prosthesis is installed one year after successful implantation. It is recommended to use metal-ceramic crowns as a prosthesis.
All-on-4 method
The peculiarity of this technique is that it allows you to install a prosthesis for the entire jaw on 4 implants. To do this, 2 products are implanted at a right angle, and the other two - at an angle of 30-45 degrees on the sides. Most often, this method is used for elderly patients or those with minimal bone tissue.
The advantages of such implantation are as follows:
- prosthetics will take from 4 to 5 days;
- no need for bone tissue augmentation;
- reliable fixation of the prosthesis using screws;
- correct load distribution on all implants.
The cost of this type of implantation is much lower than installing an implant for each tooth separately. This is an excellent opportunity to restore teeth if they are completely lost. The period of adaptation is as short and comfortable as possible.
Stages of the procedure
The implantation process occurs in stages. Sometimes it takes a long time to complete the procedure. The exact duration of the manipulation depends on the individual characteristics of the patient’s body and the complexity of the clinical situation.
The first stage is planning. The doctor conducts full diagnostics. For this purpose, radiographic and computer studies are carried out. If necessary, dental treatment is performed.
The next stage is the surgical intervention itself. An artificial root is screwed into the bone. If necessary, the doctor can perform additional manipulations that will help eliminate degenerative processes in tissues.
The operation itself lasts from 30 minutes to several hours. It involves executing the following algorithm:
- administration of anesthesia;
- implantation of an artificial root;
- suturing the wound.
Sutures are removed 7-10 days after the intervention. In some cases, additional surgery is performed to install a healing abutment. After a few weeks, it will be removed and an abutment will be installed in its place.
The final stage of surgery is the installation of a crown, removable structure or bridge. As a result of all manipulations, the patient receives full-fledged teeth that perform their chewing functions and have an attractive appearance.
The engraftment period is important. Due to the good biocompatibility of titanium, osseointegration is about 96%. The result of the operation is assessed by the doctor using testing for root mobility. In this case, the patient should not experience pain.
Complications and preventive measures
In some cases, postoperative complications may occur. These include canal perforation, suture failure, or implant fracture. If pain and inflammation occur, you should consult a specialist.
- during the first day after implantation, it is necessary to apply ice to the cheek every 3 hours;
- the oral cavity should be rinsed with antiseptic solutions;
- the gums should be treated with a special dental paste;
- The toothbrush should have soft bristles.
To avoid trauma to the mucous membrane, it is necessary to temporarily switch to soft foods. Medication support during dental implantation is mandatory. The doctor prescribes antihistamines, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory drugs.
In modern dentistry, the most progressive and effective way Dental restoration is implantation. The reliability of this procedure and the durability of the structures suggest that the installation of implants is a priority option compared to other possible orthopedic measures.
This procedure is a full-fledged operation in the oral cavity and cannot be performed on absolutely all patients at their request. There are indications and contraindications for dental implantation.
Indications and contraindications
It is advisable to install dental implants if other orthopedic surgeries are ineffective or impossible. Among testimony For dental implantation there are:
- Single, limited or terminal defects of the dentition;
- Absolute absence of teeth;
- Inability to install prostheses.
Indications for the procedure alone are not enough to carry it out. Complete success of the operation can be achieved only if there are no contraindications, which are divided into absolute, relative, local and temporary.
When planning dental restoration, it is necessary to carefully analyze the patient’s history and health status, make sure that he does not have the following: absolute contraindications for installation of dental implants:
- Almost all diseases of the blood or hematopoietic organs;
- Congenital or acquired diseases of the central nervous system;
- Any malignant tumors;
- Weakened immunity;
- Problems with the formation of connective tissue;
- Tuberculosis;
- Diseases of the oral mucosa, such as chronic stomatitis;
- Diabetes;
- Some diseases of the cardiovascular system;
- Kidney failure;
- Allergy to anesthetics used during surgery;
- Abuse of alcohol, narcotic or psychotropic substances;
- The patient's age is up to 22 years;
- Chronic mental illness;
Important! If the patient is diagnosed with at least one disease/condition from this list, implantation is impossible, it is necessary to choose another type of prosthetics. This is associated with a high risk of dangerous complications during the operation.
It is advisable to install dental implants if other orthopedic surgeries are ineffective or impossible.
Also in dentistry there are relative contraindications for installation of implants:
- Inflammatory process in the gums or tissues surrounding the tooth;
- Alveolar bone atrophy;
- Pregnancy;
- The presence of other implants in the patient;
- Constantly being in stressful situations;
- Low level of oral hygiene;
- Poor nutrition, general exhaustion of the body.
Note! The presence of relative contraindications in a patient does not exclude the possibility that dental implants will be installed. You just need to thoroughly prepare for the procedure. This could be improving the quality of nutrition, consulting with a psychologist, etc.
In most cases, if you take the necessary measures, you can significantly reduce the influence of the above factors or completely get rid of them.
Local contraindications
There are also local contraindications for dental implantation:
Local contraindications for implantation are usually quickly eliminated with the help of simple dental procedures.
Temporary contraindications:
- Any inflammatory processes, viral infections, ORZ;
- Treatment with chemotherapy, as well as a period of 12 months after the last procedure;
- Rehabilitation and recovery after illness;
- Breastfeeding (in women).
If there is a temporary ban, it is advisable to postpone the operation to a more favorable time. If the patient does not want or cannot wait, other methods of dental restoration may be used.
Contraindications to dental implantation exist in order to avoid possible complications during the procedure. But they can still occur to one degree or another. It is impossible to predict how the human body will react to implantation foreign body. IN postoperative period The patient needs to be prepared for the following:
- Soreness which should go away within 3-4 days after implantation;
- Edema in the field of surgical intervention. Gradually decreases over several days;
- Slight bleeding around the implant, normally lasts several days, but no longer than 4 days;
- Difficulty performing hygiene procedures in the oral cavity;
- Fever body (37 or more) for 3 days is normal, if the temperature lasts longer, you need to see a doctor;
- Seam divergence– a rare complication, since the material used for suturing the tissues is very durable. A discrepancy may indicate that an inflammatory process has begun in the mouth or that mechanical damage in the area of the implant;
- Implant mobility. A rare complication that occurs due to non-compliance with the implantation procedure;
- Reimplantitis– a severe, but quite common complication after dental implantation surgery. This is an inflammation of the tissues that are in close proximity to the artificial tooth. More often this complication associated with infection in the postoperative wound, poor hygiene oral cavity, damage to the wall of the paranasal sinus, inflammatory process in the tooth adjacent to the implant.
The most severe but quite rare complication, occurring in 1% of patients, is
Loading...