FURACILIN Furacilin
Active substance
›› Nitrofural*
Latin name
›› D08AF01 NitrofuralPharmacological group: Other synthetic antibacterial agents
Nosological classification (ICD-10)
›› H10 Conjunctivitis›› H66.3 Other chronic suppurative otitis media
›› J03 Acute tonsillitis[angina]
›› K12 Stomatitis and related lesions
›› L00-L08 Infections of the skin and subcutaneous tissue
›› L89 Decubital ulcer
›› L98.4 Chronic skin ulcer, not elsewhere classified
›› T30 Thermal and chemical burns unspecified localization
Composition and release form
1 tablet for preparing a solution for external use contains nitrofural 20 mg; per pack 10 pcs.
pharmachologic effect
pharmachologic effect- antimicrobial.
Indications
Chronic purulent otitis media, infected wounds, ulcers, burns, bedsores; stomatitis, tonsillitis; conjunctivitis.
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity.
Use during pregnancy and breastfeeding
Maybe.
Side effects
Dermatitis.
Directions for use and doses
Externally, in the form of an aqueous solution 1:5000 (0.02%) - irrigate wounds and apply wet bandages. Intracavitary - the maxillary cavity and oral cavity are washed.
Best before date
Storage conditions
List B.: In a dry place, protected from light.
* * *
FURACILIN (Furacilinum). 5-Nitrofurfural semicarbazone. Synonyms: Amifur, Chemofuran, Flavazone, Furacin, Furaldon, Furosem, Nitrofural, Nitrofuralum, Nitrofuran, Nitrofurazon, Otofural, Vabrocid, Vatrocin, Vitrocin, etc. The yellow or greenish-yellow powder has a bitter taste. Very little soluble in water (1:4200), little in alcohol, soluble in alkalis. It is an antibacterial substance that acts on various gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria (staphylococci, streptococci, dysentery bacillus, coli, Salmonella paratyphoid, pathogen gas gangrene and etc.). Prescribed externally for the treatment and prevention of purulent-inflammatory processes and internally for the treatment of bacterial dysentery. For purulent wounds, bedsores and ulcers, burns of II and III degrees, the wound is irrigated to prepare the granulating surface for skin grafts and secondary sutures aqueous solution furatsilin and apply wet bandages; in case of osteomyelitis, after surgery the cavity is washed with an aqueous solution of furatsilin and a wet bandage is applied; for pleural empyema, the pus is sucked out and the pleural cavity is washed, followed by the introduction of 20 - 100 ml of an aqueous solution of furatsilin into the cavity. At anaerobic infection, in addition to the usual surgical intervention, the wound is treated with furatsilin, for chronic purulent otitis An alcohol solution of furatsilin is used in the form of drops. In addition, the drug is prescribed for boils of the external auditory canal and empyema of the paranasal sinuses; to wash the maxillary (maxillary) and other paranasal sinuses, use an aqueous solution of furatsilin; for conjunctivitis and scrofulous eye diseases, in conjunctival sac instill an aqueous solution of furatsilin; for blepharitis, the edges of the eyelids are lubricated with furatsilin ointment. Furacilin is also used for other purulent processes that require prescription antibacterial drugs. Furacilin is used for the listed indications in the form of an aqueous 0.02% (1:50,000) solution; alcohol solution 0.066% (1:1500); 0.2% ointment. To prepare an aqueous solution, 1 part of furatsilin is dissolved in 5000 parts of isotonic sodium chloride solution or distilled water. For more rapid dissolution boiling or hot water. The solution is then cooled to room temperature and can be stored for a long time. The furatsilin solution is sterilized at + 100 C for 30 minutes. An alcohol solution of furatsilin (1:1500) is prepared in 70% alcohol; it can also be stored indefinitely for a long time. To prepare furacilin ointment, the drug is diluted in a small amount Vaseline oil, leave for 10 - 20 hours, then add Castor oil, fish oil, lanolin. Furacilin is sometimes used to treat acute bacterial dysentery. Prescribed to adults orally at 0.1 g 4 - 5 times a day for 5 - 6 days. If necessary, after 3-4 days a second course of treatment is carried out; take 0.1 g of the drug 4 times a day for 3 to 4 days. During prolonged and chronic forms dysentery, furatsilin is effective in combination with antibiotics, sulfa drugs, vaccine therapy. Higher doses for adults orally: single 0.1 g, daily 0.5 g. When used externally, furatsilin is usually well tolerated. In some cases, dermatitis is possible; requiring a temporary break or cessation of taking the drug. When taken orally, loss of appetite, nausea, sometimes vomiting, dizziness, allergic rash. In these cases, the dose is reduced or the drug is stopped. Side effects are reduced if the drug is taken after meals and washed down with plenty of liquid. At side effects Diphenhydramine, vitamins, a nicotinic acid(or nicotinamide), thiamine bromide (or chloride). At long-term use furatsilin (and other nitrofurans) may develop neuritis. Contraindications: increased individual sensitivity (idiosyncrasy). The drug should be administered orally with caution if renal function is impaired. External use is contraindicated in patients with chronic allergic dermatoses. Release forms: powder; tablets of 0.1 g for oral administration and 0.02 g for preparation of a solution (for external use), 0.2% ointment. Storage: List B. In well-closed dark glass jars in a cool place, protected from light; tablets - in a place protected from light. Rp.: Sol. Furacilini 0.02% 200 ml D.S. External. For rinsing, washing wounds Rp.: Tab. Furacilini 0.O2 ad usum externum N.10 D.S. Dissolve one tablet in 100 ml of water (for rinsing) Rp.: Sol. Furacilini 0.02% 1О ml Sterilisetur! D.S. Eye drops; 1 - 2 drops per eye 2 times a day Rp.: Ung. Furacilini 0.2% 25.0 D.S. Ointment Rp.: Tab. Furacilini О,1 N. 24 D.S. Take 1 tablet orally 4 times a day (crush the tablet before taking)
Dictionary of medicines. 2005 .
See what "FURACILIN" is in other dictionaries:
FURACILIN- Furacilinum. Synonyms: aldomycin, nefko, furatsin, furalon, furasol, flavazone, hemofuran, nitrofural, nitrofuran, nitrofurazone, nifuran, otofural, vatrocin, etc. Properties. Yellow or greenish-yellow fine-crystalline powder, bitter in taste... Domestic veterinary drugs
FURACILIN- (Furacilinum; FH, list B), an antimicrobial agent from the group of nitrofuran drugs. Yellow or greenish yellow, odorless, fine-crystalline powder; slightly soluble in water. F. stimulates granulation in the skin, mucous membranes and... ... Veterinary encyclopedic Dictionary
Instructions
on the preparation and quality control of furatsilin solution 0.02% for external use in pharmacies.
1. Characteristics of the finished product
Furacilin solution 0.02% for external use.
The drug is a 0.02% solution of furatsilin in a 0.9% sodium chloride solution.
Furacilina 0.2 g.
Sodium chloride 9.0 g.
Purified water 1 liter.
Yellow or greenish-yellow liquid, odorless.
They are produced in bottles of different capacities, sealed with rubber stoppers for rolling in aluminum caps.
Store the drug at room temperature, shelf life 1 month.
Furacilin solutions are used as an external antibacterial agent.
The quality of the solution must comply with the requirements of GFC Art. 295.
2. Characteristics of raw materials and materials
Table 1
|
Name of raw materials, intermediate products |
Regulatory and technical documentation |
Qualification |
||
|
I. Raw materials Purified water Furacilin Sodium chloride II. Materials Medical gauze Medical cotton wool Laboratory filter paper Universal indicator paper Cotton fabrics of the calico group Cotton belting Silk Toile Aluminum caps Rubber plugs Parchment Glass bottles Measuring glassware for preparing solutions, etc. |
GF X st. 74 GF X st. 295 GF X st. 426 |
Hygroscopic Hygroscopic Filtering Art. 12008 100% natural silk |
3. Description of the technological process
The technological process for the production of furatsilin solution consists of 6 stages:
1. Preparatory work
2. Preparation of the solution
3. Filtration and packaging of the solution
4. Sterilization of the solution
5. Control of finished products
6. Design
Stage 1. Preparatory work
1.1. Preparation of the premises, personnel, auxiliary materials, equipment, container closures is carried out in accordance with the current order of the Ministry of Health and Social Protection of the PMR.
Auxiliary material, vessels for preparing solutions, volumetric flasks, cylinders, funnels, glass filters, container closures (rubber stopper containers) are processed and sterilized in accordance with the current “Instructions for the preparation of solution for injection in pharmacies.”
Aluminum caps are soaked for 15 minutes in a 1-2% solution of detergents, heated to 70-80°C, washed, then the solution is drained, and the caps are washed with running tap water.
Clean caps are dried in bins in air sterilizers.
1.2 Preparation of raw materials.
To obtain solutions of furatsilin, use furatsilin corresponding to GF X st. 295.
Gross formula of furatsilin C6H6N4O4 M.m. 198.14
Stage 2. Preparation of the solution
A solution of furatsilin is prepared by the mass-volume method. Measure 1000 ml into a heat-resistant glass flask. purified water, add 9.0 grams of sodium chloride and 0.2 grams of furatsilin. The contents of the flask are heated until furatsilin is completely dissolved and filtered into a bottle.
Authenticity of furatsilin.
1. To 1 ml. add 3-4 drops of sodium hydroxide solution to the drug solution; an orange-red color is formed.
2. To 1ml. the drug is added 2 drops of 96% ethyl alcohol, 10% copper sulfate solution and 10% sodium hydroxide solution; A dark red color and precipitate are formed.
3. To 1 ml. add 2 drops of perhydrol and 30% sodium hydroxide solution; a pale yellow color is observed.
4. To 1ml. the drug is added 2 drops of 96% ethyl alcohol and 5% sodium nitroprusside solution; a red color and precipitate appear.
5. To 1 ml. add 2 drops of Nessler's reagent to the drug; a red-brown color and precipitate are formed.
Quantitative determination of furatsilin.
To 2 ml. 0.01 mol/dm3 iodine solution, add 2 drops of 10% sodium hydroxide solution (until the iodine becomes discolored) and 2 ml. furatsilin solution 0.02%, mix and leave for 2-3 minutes in a dark place. Then 2 ml is added to the solution. diluted sulfuric acid and the released iodine are titrated with a 0.01 mol/dm3 solution of sodium thiosulfate (the indicator is starch, which is added to the end of the titration).
In parallel, under the same conditions, titration is carried out without furatsilin. The difference between the number of milliliters of 0.01 mol/dm3 sodium thiosulfate solution used for the control titration and the test solution is multiplied by 0.0247 and the amount of furatsilin is found as a percentage.
1 ml. 0.01 mol/dm3 of iodine solution corresponds to 0.0004954 g of furatsilin.
Authenticity of sodium chloride.
1. The test mixture is applied to a graphite stick, pre-treated with diluted hydrochloric acid, and a colorless flame of a burner or alcohol lamp is introduced. In this case, the edges of the flame are colored yellow(sodium ion).
1. To 1 ml. 0.5 ml of the drug is added. divorced nitric acid and 0.2-0.3 ml. silver nitrate solution; A cheesy precipitate forms, soluble in excess ammonia (chloride ion).
Quantitative determination of sodium chloride.
1. To 1 ml. add 2 ml of solution. water, 1-4 drops of potassium chromate solution and titrated with 0.1 mol/dm3 silver nitrate solution until an orange-yellow color.
1 ml. 0.1 mol/dm3 of silver nitrate solution corresponds to 0.00585 g of sodium chloride.
Stage 3. Filtration and packaging of the solution
3.1 Filtration, bottling, capping, primary control for the absence of mechanical contamination.
If the analysis result is satisfactory, the solution is filtered under the pressure of a liquid column or at a vacuum of 0.15-0.25 kg/cm2.
A silk toile is used for filtering.
Filtering the solution is combined with simultaneous pouring it into prepared sterile vials.
The bottles are sealed with stoppers and initial control of the solution is carried out for the absence of mechanical contamination in accordance with the current instructions for monitoring injection solutions manufactured in pharmacies for cleanliness from mechanical contamination.
If mechanical impurities are detected, the solution is filtered.
If the solution is filtered into a large container, then it is then poured into prepared sterile vials, sealed with sterile stoppers, after which primary control is carried out for the absence of mechanical contamination.
3.2. Capping with aluminum caps, marking.
Vessels with the solution are closed with metal caps using a rolling device, marked by inscription, stamping, using tokens, etc., then transferred for sterilization.
Stage 4. Sterilization of the solution
The solution in vials is sterilized in a steam sterilizer with saturated water vapor at an excess pressure of 0.11 MPa (1.1 kgf/cm2) and a temperature of 120°C. The solution in bottles with a capacity of up to 100 ml is sterilized for 8 minutes, from 100 ml to 500 ml. – 12 min.
To avoid rupture of the vials, the autoclave should be unloaded no earlier than 20-30 minutes after the pressure inside the sterilization chamber becomes zero.
Stage 5. Control of finished products
The solution in the bottles is controlled for the absence of mechanical contamination (see paragraph 3.1.).
From each batch of 1 solution, 2 hours after cooling, a solution is taken for control. The solution is analyzed for color, transparency, qualitative and quantitative content of furatsilin in accordance with the methods outlined in the section “Stage 2”.
5.3. Braquerage.
The solution in the bottle is considered rejected if it does not comply with its physical and chemical parameters, contains visible mechanical impurities, is not sterile, does not have a seal, or does not have enough filling volume in the bottle (taking into account the requirements of clause 3.1.).
Stage 6. Registration
Bottles with solutions are prepared in accordance with the current rules for the registration of drugs in pharmacies.
Safety precautions
When preparing injection solutions, you should follow the rules of design, operation, technology (safety and industrial sanitation when working in pharmacies, and the operating and safety rules when working in autoclaves.
LSR-009026/10
Trade name of the drug:
FURACILININN or group name:
nitrofuralDosage form:
tablets for preparing a solution for local and external use.Compound:
for one tabletactive substances: nitrofural (furacilin) – 20 mg;
Excipients: sodium chloride – 800 mg.
Description:
Tablets are yellow or greenish-yellow in color, with an uneven surface color, flat-cylindrical with a score and a chamfer.
Pharmacotherapeutic group:
antimicrobial agent – nitrofuran.ATX code: D08AF01
Pharmacological properties
Antimicrobial agent. Active against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria (including Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., Escherichia coli, Clostridium perfringens). Effective when microorganisms are resistant to other antimicrobial agents(not from the nitrofuran group). It has a mechanism of action that is different from other chemotherapeutic agents: microbial flavoproteins restore the 5-nitro group, the resulting highly reactive amino derivatives change the conformation of proteins, including ribosomal ones, and other macromolecules, causing cell death. Resistance develops slowly and does not reach high degree. Pharmacokinetics: When applied locally and externally, absorption is insignificant. Penetrates through histohematic barriers and is evenly distributed in liquids and tissues. The main route of metabolism is the reduction of the nitro group. Excreted by the kidneys and partially with bile.
Indications for use
Externally: purulent wounds, bedsores, burns II – III degree, minor damage skin (including abrasions, scratches, cracks, cuts).
Locally: blepharitis, conjunctivitis, boil of the external auditory canal; osteomyelitis, empyema of the paranasal sinuses, pleura (washing the cavities); sharp external and otitis media, sore throat, stomatitis, gingivitis.
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity, bleeding, allergic dermatoses.
Use during pregnancy and lactation
Can be used during pregnancy and lactation.Directions for use and doses
Locally, externally.Externally, in the form of aqueous 0.02% (1:5000) or alcoholic 0.066% (1:1500) solutions, irrigate the wounds and apply wet bandages.
Intracavitary (aqueous solution): empyema paranasal sinuses nose (including with sinusitis) - rinsing the cavity; osteomyelitis after surgery - washing the cavity followed by application wet dressing; pleural empyema - after removal of pus, rinsing is carried out pleural cavity and inject 20-100 ml of an aqueous solution.
For rinsing urethra And Bladder apply an aqueous solution with an exposure of 20 minutes.
For otitis media, an alcohol solution heated to body temperature is instilled daily, 5-6 drops into the external ear canal.
Blepharitis, conjunctivitis - instillation of an aqueous solution into the conjunctival sac. For rinsing the mouth and throat – 20 mg (1 tablet) dissolved in 100 ml of water.
To prepare an aqueous solution, 1 part of nitrofural is dissolved in 5000 parts of 0.9% sodium chloride solution or distilled water. The alcohol solution is prepared in 70% ethanol.
Side effect
Possible allergic reactions: itchy skin, dermatitis.Overdose
No cases of overdose have been reported.
Interaction with others medicines
Interaction with others medicines not described.
Release form
Tablets for the preparation of a solution for local and external use, 20 mg.
10 tablets per blister pack.
30 tablets per jar from polymer materials.
1 or 2 blister packs or 1 jar made of polymeric materials with instructions for medical use placed in a cardboard pack.
Storage conditions
Store in a dry place, protected from light, at a temperature of 2 to 25°C.Keep out of the reach of children.
Best before date
5 years.After the expiration date, do not use the drug.
Conditions for dispensing from pharmacies
Over the counter.Manufacturer/organization accepting claims
LLC Anzhero-Sudzhensky Chemical and Pharmaceutical Plant.
652473, Russia, Kemerovo region, Anzhero-Sudzhensk, st. Herzen, 7.
0,02% - 200,0
Characteristics of the finished product
A solution of furatsilin 0.02% with sodium chloride 0.9% is sterile.
Compound
Furacilina 0.2 g
Sodium chloride 0.2 g
Water for injections up to 1 l
Clear liquid yellow, pH=5.2-6.8, odorless.
The drug must meet the requirements specified in Art. in terms of sterility and the absence of mechanical impurities. GF XI, issue. 2, p. 140.
The drug is produced in 200 and 400 ml bottles for blood and blood substitutes, sealed with rubber stoppers 25P, IR-21 and aluminum caps.
The drug is stored at room temperature (not higher than 25 o C) in a place protected from light. Shelf life 1 month.
Used during neurosurgical operations, for treating wounds and cavities after operations, during purulent processes, instillations of the bladder, etc.
Authenticity
1. Add 2-3 drops of sodium hydroxide to 0.5 ml of solution. A bright red color appears.
5-nitrofurfural semicarbazone
2. To 0.5 ml of solution add 2-3 drops of diluted nitric acid and silver nitrate solution. A white cheesy precipitate is formed, soluble in ammonia solution (chlorides).
3. A graphite stick is moistened with the solution and placed into a colorless flame. The flame turns yellow (sodium).
Method: IODOMETRY, in alkaline medium, back titration, E= 1 / 4 M.m.
Place 2 ml of 0.01 N iodine solution in a flask with a capacity of 50 ml, with a ground-in stopper, and add 2 drops of sodium hydroxide solution (until the iodine discolors), 2 ml (0.02%) or 5 ml (0.01%) of the test substance solution, close with a stopper, mix and leave for 2 minutes in a dark place.
Then 2 ml of dilute sulfuric acid is added and the released iodine is titrated from a microburette with 0.01 N sodium thiosulfate (starch as indicator). At the same time, a control experiment is carried out. 1 ml of 0.01 N iodine solution corresponds to 0.0004954 g of furatsilin.
pH determination
Determination is carried out using a pH meter or RIFAN indicator paper.
Protocol No. 3
Aseptic block. Organization of work under aseptic conditions.
Asepsis includes a series of sequential measures that complement each other, and an error made in one link of this series nullifies all the work carried out and subsequent work.
1. Pre-aseptic (gateway) - designed to prepare personnel for work.
2. Aseptic - intended for the preparation of dosage forms.
3. Hardware - it contains autoclaves, sterilizers, and devices that allow the production of water for injection.
Premises requirements. The production of drugs under aseptic conditions is carried out in “clean” rooms in which air purity is standardized based on the content of microbial and mechanical particles.
The aseptic unit is usually located away from sources of contamination by microorganisms (patient service area, washing room, packaging room, sanitary unit).
In rooms for preparing medicines under aseptic conditions, the walls should be painted with oil paint or lined with light-colored tiles, and there should be no protrusions, cornices, or cracks. Ceilings are painted with adhesive or water-based paint. The floors are covered with linoleum or relin with mandatory welding of the seams. Doors and windows must fit tightly and have no gaps.
The aseptic unit is equipped with supply and exhaust ventilation with a predominance of air flow over the hood. To reduce microbial contamination, it is recommended to install air purifiers that provide effective cleaning air filtration through ultrafine fiber filters and ultraviolet irradiation.
To disinfect the air in the aseptic unit, unshielded bactericidal irradiators are installed: wall-mounted BN-150), ceiling-mounted (OBP-300), mobile lighthouse type BPE-450); bactericidal lamps BUV-25, BUV-30, BUV-60 at a power rate of 2-2.5 W per 1 m 3 of room volume, which are turned on for 1-2 hours before starting work in the absence of people. The switch: these irradiators must be located in front of the entrance to the room, interlocked with a light sign “Do not enter, the bactericidal irradiator is on.” Entry into a room where an unshielded bactericidal lamp is turned on is permitted only after it is turned off; a long stay in the specified room is only 15 minutes after the unshielded bactericidal lamp is turned off.
In the presence of personnel, shielded bactericidal irradiators can be used, which are installed at a height of 1.8-2 m, at the rate of 1 W per 1 m 3 of the room, provided that directed radiation to people in the room is excluded.
Since ultraviolet irradiators produce toxic products in the air (ozone and nitrogen oxides), ventilation must be turned on when operating.
All equipment and furniture brought into the aseptic unit are pre-treated with wipes moistened with a disinfectant solution (chloramine B solution 1%, chloramine B solution 0.75% with 0.5% detergent, 3% hydrogen peroxide solution with 0.5% detergent). Storing unused equipment in an aseptic unit is strictly prohibited. The aseptic unit is cleaned at least once per shift using disinfectants.
Held once a week spring-cleaning aseptic block. At the same time, if possible, the premises are cleared of equipment, walls, doors, and floors are washed and disinfected. After disinfection, irradiate with ultraviolet light.
Before entering the aseptic unit there should be rubber mats that are moistened with a disinfectant solution once per shift. The aseptic block is separated from other pharmacy premises by airlocks.
Personnel requirements . Persons involved in the preparation of medicines under aseptic conditions must strictly observe the rules of personal hygiene. When entering the airlock, they must put on special shoes, wash their hands with soap and a brush, put on a sterile gown, a 4-layer gauze bandage, a cap (while carefully removing hair), and shoe covers. It is optimal to use a helmet and overalls. The gauze dressing should be changed every 4 hours. After putting on sterile technical clothing, personnel should rinse their hands with water for injection and disinfect them disinfectant solution ethyl alcohol 80%, a solution of chlorhexidine bigluconate in 70% ethyl alcohol or a 0.5% solution of chloramine B (in the absence of other substances). Entry from the airlock into the room for preparing and packaging medicines under aseptic conditions in non-sterile sanitary clothing is prohibited. It is also prohibited to go beyond the aseptic block in sterile sanitary clothing.
Sanitary clothing, gowns, gauze, textile products, cotton wool are sterilized in containers in steam sterilizers at a temperature of 132 °C for 20 minutes or at 120 °C for 45 minutes and stored in closed containers for no more than 3 days. Shoes are disinfected outside before and after work and stored in locks. Persons with infectious diseases, open wounds on the skin, carriers of pathogenic microflora should not be allowed to work until they are completely recovered.
STERILIZATION
Sterilization (or sterilization)- This is the process of complete destruction of microorganisms and their spores in medicinal substances, dosage forms, on dishes, auxiliary materials, tools and apparatus.
The term “sterilization” comes from Lat. sterilis, which means barren. Sterility is achieved by observing asepsis and using sterilization methods in accordance with the requirements of the State Federal University “Methods and conditions of sterilization”, previously in the State Fund XI - article "Sterilization".
When choosing a method and duration of sterilization, it is necessary to take into account the properties, volume or weight of the materials being sterilized.
Sterilization methods can be divided into: physical, mechanical, chemical.
Physical methods sterilization. These include: thermal, or heat, sterilization, sterilization ultraviolet rays, radiation sterilization, sterilization with high frequency currents.
Of these methods, thermal sterilization and ultraviolet sterilization are used in pharmacies. Other methods of sterilization in pharmacies have not yet found application.
Thermal sterilization. With this sterilization method, the death of microorganisms occurs under the influence of high temperature due to the coagulation of proteins and the destruction of enzymes of microorganisms. Sterilization with dry heat and steam is most widely used in pharmacy practice.
Steam sterilization under pressure is carried out in steam sterilizers (autoclaves) of various designs. The most convenient are those steam sterilizers that automatically maintain the specified pressure and temperature, and also provide the ability to dry the auxiliary material (cotton wool, filter paper, gauze, etc.) after sterilization (Table 31). Currently, sterilizers of the type VK-15, VK-30 (Fig. 137), GP-280, etc. are widely used. In the practice of hospital pharmacies, sterilizers of the type GP-400, GPD-280 can also be used \ and GPS-500, which are similar in design and principle of operation to the GP-280 sterilizer.
At CRA No. 3 they use a VK-75 sterilizer-autoclave. Vertical steam sterilizers VK-ZO and VK-75 differ in the capacity of the sterilization chamber. They consist of a housing with a sterilization and water-steam chamber, a lid, a casing, electric heating elements, an electrical panel, an electrical contact pressure gauge, a pressure-vacuum gauge, an ejector, a safety valve, a water-indicating column and a pipeline with valves. The sterilization and water-steam chambers are combined into a single welded structure, but are functionally separated, as a result of which it is possible to shut off the flow of steam into the sterilization chamber during loading and unloading of the autoclave, as well as automatically maintain the operating pressure in the water-steam chamber for subsequent sterilization. Both cameras are made of of stainless steel. Maximum pressure steam in the sterilization chamber 0.25 MPa. Both sterilizers operate from a three-phase alternating current network with a voltage of 220/380 V.
Is the appearance of pathogenic microflora caused by poor hygiene. Simply put, eye problems are a consequence dirt getting into the mucous membrane of the organs of vision.
When faced with such a problem, you must definitely contact an ophthalmologist. But there are situations when a trip to the doctor is postponed due to various reasons. Then a person can independently provide first aid for eye inflammation.
There are many remedies inflammatory process associated with the eyes. One of them is furatsilin solution, designed to flush out the infection. He is able to fight infection. However, you need to know the rules for its use so as not to worsen your eye condition.
Application
Furacilin is a clinical and pharmacological drug with antibacterial and antiprotozoal properties. This tool is a derivative of nitrofural with external and local applications.
Important! Furacilin has complex action during therapy, and when purchasing it, a prescription from a doctor is not required. The drug is well known and available to everyone due to its affordable price. It is produced in the form of tablets and capsules, and there are also forms of ointments, solutions, drops or aerosols.
An antibacterial agent - in addition to fighting bacteria - has a strong antifungal effect. This contributes to the widespread use of furatsilin in the treatment of eye inflammation.
Nitrofural is a basic substance that has proven itself to be a good assistant in the fight against fungi and pathogenic infections. Furacilin is often treated infectious inflammation, and also used during the rehabilitation period after extraction foreign bodies from the eyes. Therefore the medicine is universal remedy for treatment. And due to the absence of contraindications, it can be used by both adults and children.
Furacilin rarely causes side effects. Contraindications include only individual intolerance to the components of the drug. It mainly occurs in people suffering from allergies. If after using furatsilin there is pain or discomfort in the eyes, it is recommended to routinely wash the eyes under running water to wash away the causative agent of the allergic reaction. In this case, you should definitely visit an ophthalmologist to select alternative therapy with the help of other medications.
Furacilin is suitable for cleansing the eyes of infants. Functional changes in the eyes of newborns are a fairly common phenomenon due to their adaptation to a new environment. Therefore, the development of conjunctivitis and other inflammations in the eyes is often found in babies who have recently been born.
Properties of furatsilin
The drug refers to substances of synthetic origin that have antibacterial properties. It is a powder containing small crystals. Designed for diluting a solution that has a yellow color, sometimes a greenish tint. The medicine has a slightly bitter taste and is poorly soluble in water and alcohol.
Pharmacological group
Furacilin belongs to a group of medications that have antimicrobial properties. This remedy has a non-standard action. It contains chemical components that actively form reactive amino groups. They, in turn, cause the destruction of the protein of foreign bacteria and the death of their cells.
Important! The drug is effective against bacteria. It has a low degree of stability.
Table. a brief description of substances furatsilin.
Video: Furacilin tablets - indications
Action
Furacilin solution has high activity against almost all forms bacterial infection. Once on the surface with bacteria, the medication helps to form highly reactive amino derivatives. They, in turn, participate in the process of death of pathogenic cells. In this case, the protein shell dissolves, after which the bacterium dies in just a couple of minutes. Antibacterial effect lasts no more than half an hour, so it is recommended to use furatsilin twice an hour.
The medication is active in the fight against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, such as staphylococci, salmonella and others. During the “work” of the drug, an increase in phagocytosis occurs.
Video: Methods of using Furacilin
Water solution
To make a solution based on furatsilin, you need to have two tablets of medication, a glass of water, a spoon or mortar for grinding.
The main difficulty in producing liquids is the poor solubility of tablets. Therefore, before putting the drug into water, it is necessary to crush it. This can be done with two spoons, but it is quite difficult. The ideal option is to use a special culinary mortar. Place two tablets in a container and turn them into powder.
If you don’t have a mortar for grinding, you can wrap the medicine in a sheet of white paper and crush it with a rolling pin or hammer.
Next, pour the resulting powder into a glass and add water. It is better if it is boiling water, since cold water The medicine does not dissolve at all. To prepare 200-250 ml of solution you will need two tablets, and for 100 ml it is enough to turn only one tablet into powder.
After the powder has dissolved in water, you can begin treating the affected surfaces. In cases where the eyes are washed, it is necessary to additionally strain the liquid through gauze or bandages folded several times.
In order to process open wounds, the solution must first be sterilized by conventional boiling of an already prepared liquid. For burns, when the gauze bandage often sticks to the wounded area of the skin, you should soak it with a solution of furatsilin.
Note! Must be prepared before each use new solution, however, its short-term storage (maximum 12 hours) in the refrigerator is not prohibited.
Video: How to prepare a solution of furatsilin from tablets?
Alcohol solution
A solution of furatsilin in alcohol is also used for treatment various inflammations. It has disinfecting properties. The advantage of this liquid is its longer shelf life - up to several days. In addition, the solution turns out to be concentrated, so it can be prepared “in reserve”, and then, if necessary, simply diluted with water.
The preparation of an alcohol solution is carried out in the same way as an aqueous one. The only difference is in the dosage. It is necessary to grind 6-7 furatsilin tablets and then pour the resulting powder into a small, clean bottle. Next, the medicine is poured with pure 70% alcohol, shaken well, and the resulting mixture is stored in the refrigerator.
Note! Treating your eyes with furatsilin solution prepared in alcohol is strictly prohibited!
Eye treatment for newborns
Furacilin solution is often prescribed to treat the mucous membrane of the eyes in infants. Due to the painlessness of the eye wash procedure, this solution is well suited for the treatment of inflammation of the visual organs in newborns.
Important! You can store the diluted liquid in the refrigerator for no more than 2-3 days.
When wiping a newborn's eyes, use only sterile bandages or other materials.
When using furatsilin solution, you need to carefully monitor the newborn's reactions. If during or immediately after the procedure the child’s eyes appear red or he begins to rub them more actively, then it is necessary stop rinsing immediately. After identifying a negative reaction to furatsilin, it is necessary to show the child to the doctor!
Application
The largest percentage of cases of use of furatsilin solution occurs in diseases of the eyes, throat and oral cavity. However, there are a number of other indications when it is necessary to use furatsilin:
- bedsores, up to trophic changes in tissue;
- burns complicated by secondary infection;
- pleurisy of various types;
- otitis and other inflammations of the hearing organs;
- tonsillitis (tonsillitis);
- gingivitis and stomatitis;
- eczema of various etiologies.
Experts allow the use of furatsilin solution during pregnancy and breastfeeding . For children, the solution is indispensable for diaper rash in the groin area.
Contraindications to the use of the medication
Furacilin is a universal anti-inflammatory agent. But they are contraindicated to treat patients with nitrofuran intolerance. The body's reaction can be easily checked by rinsing your mouth with an aqueous solution. If the process of swelling of the mucous membranes of the mouth, lips or tongue has begun, then this medication is contraindicated for a particular person. However, these cases are rare. In general, intolerance to furatsilin is extremely rare.
An important point when using the solution is that it cannot be used in the presence of open or bleeding wounds, as well as dermatitis of various origins. In other cases, the antibacterial properties of furatsilin have a positive effect on the patient’s recovery process.
Side effect
At local use The drug is well tolerated, but there may be a number of situations when it is necessary to stop taking furatsilin.
- If dermatitis occurs, the use of furatsilin is automatically discontinued.
- When taking the drug orally, it is possible allergic reaction in the form of vomiting, nausea and dizziness.
- Negative consequences can be avoided by taking furatsilin orally after meals and drinking plenty of water.
- Whenever side effects You can take diphenhydramine or nicotinic acid.
- With prolonged use, neuritis may occur.
Symptoms of an overdose of furatsilin include abdominal pain, dermatitis, allergies and nausea.
Features of application
The drug can be used during pregnancy. Breastfeeding is also not an obstacle to taking furatsilin. However, the method of administration and dosage is determined individually by the doctor.
During therapy, the drug is prescribed to patients with allergies to the nitrofuran group strictly under the supervision of a physician, but for no more than five days.
Analogues
If furatsilin therapy is impossible, medications with similar medicinal properties. The most popular are “Malavit” and “Vitabakt”.
Storage
Any form of furacilin medication is sold in pharmacies without a prescription. Storage is possible at room temperature, provided that the drug is stored in a dry and dark place. The medicine must be kept in a place away from children.
Conclusion
Furacilin - time-tested effective remedy to relieve inflammation various types. The drug is a universal remedy in the fight against germs and bacteria. And the low cost of the medicine makes it accessible to everyone.
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