Characteristic symptoms and treatment methods for sinusitis. Treatment of acute sinusitis at home

Sinusitis is an inflammation that affects one or more paranasal sinuses. It can develop as an independent disease or as a complication against the background of various infectious diseases. Acute sinusitis is one of the most common pathologies that an ENT doctor encounters in his work.

Sinusitis is divided into chronic and acute; this division is caused by different durations of attacks on the body. Acute sinusitis - treatment takes up to 2 months, and then recedes, but chronic sinusitis - can take a long time to heal, but with the slightest cold it comes back again. The chronic form is a problem for people with weakened immunity, immunodeficiency, and therefore the question of how to cure sinusitis is very, very acute.

In this article we will look at the manifestations of sinusitis in adults, especially the first symptoms and effective ways treatment at home.

What it is?

Why does sinusitis occur and what is it? Sinusitis is an inflammation of the mucous membrane, which is localized in one or several paranasal sinuses at the same time. One of the main reasons that causes the development of sinusitis is poorly treated or neglected rhinitis. In addition, acute respiratory viral infections () can be a trigger for the development of sinusitis. The disease, the development of which occurs against the background of respiratory infections of the upper respiratory tract, is usually called community-acquired forms.

Depending on your location, sinusitis can be of several types:

sinusitis - inflammation of the maxillary sinus paranasal sinus nose, which is a complication of influenza, acute rhinitis, scarlet fever, measles and many other infectious diseases.
Frontal sinusitis is an inflammation of the paranasal frontal sinus, which is much more severe than other types of sinusitis.
ethmoiditis - manifests itself in the form of inflammation of the cells of the ethmoid labyrinth and is the most common type of sinusitis.
sphenoiditis is an inflammation of the sphenoid sinus, which is quite rare.

The first sign of exacerbation of sinusitis is a prolonged runny nose. In this case, you should pay attention to nasal discharge. If they turn yellowish greenish color, this indicates the bacterial nature of the inflammation. In such a situation, bacteria can enter the maxillary sinuses at any time and sinusitis will begin.

Sinusitis can also be unilateral or bilateral, affecting all paranasal sinuses on one or both sides. Acute sinusitis often occurs during acute runny nose, flu, measles, scarlet fever and others infectious diseases, as well as due to disease of the roots of the four posterior upper teeth.

Symptoms of sinusitis

Signs of sinusitis in adults depend on which sinus is inflamed. In general, the clinical picture of all sinusitis consists of several constant and variable symptoms:

difficulty in nasal breathing, nasal voice;
copious discharge from the nose (mucous or purulent);
discomfort in the nose, paranasal area or above the eye;
low-grade or febrile fever;
decreased sense of smell;
headache.

Depending on the type of sinusitis, symptoms in adults will vary.:

. The disease begins acutely. The patient's body temperature rises to 38-39C, signs of general intoxication are expressed, and chills are possible. In some cases, the patient's body temperature may be normal or subfebrile. A patient with sinusitis is bothered by pain in the area of the affected maxillary sinus, zygomatic bone, forehead and root of the nose. The pain increases with palpation. Irradiation to the temple or the corresponding half of the face is possible. Some patients experience diffuse headaches of varying intensity. Nasal breathing on the affected side is impaired. With bilateral sinusitis, nasal congestion forces the patient to breathe through the mouth. Sometimes, due to blockage of the tear duct, lacrimation develops. Nasal discharge is initially serous and liquid, then becomes viscous, cloudy, and greenish.
. In acute frontal sinusitis, the patient is bothered by sharp pain in the forehead, aggravated by pressing or tapping on the eyebrow, headache of another localization, difficulty in nasal breathing, copious discharge from the corresponding half of the nose (initially serous, then serous-purulent), pain in the eye, lacrimation, photophobia. Body temperature rises to the fibrile level (up to 39°C), but may be subfebrile. The clinical picture of chronic sinusitis is less pronounced than acute sinusitis. The headache is usually aching or pressing in nature, and is often localized in the area of the affected frontal sinus. Nasal discharge is especially profuse in the morning, purulent in nature, often with an unpleasant odor.
Ethmoiditis. Usually, inflammatory process in the anterior parts of the ethmoid labyrinth develops simultaneously with frontal sinusitis or sinusitis. Inflammation of the posterior sections of the ethmoidal labyrinth is often accompanied by sphenoiditis. A patient with ethmoiditis complains of headaches, pressing pain in the area of the bridge of the nose and root of the nose. In children, pain is often accompanied by conjunctival hyperemia and swelling of the internal parts of the lower and upper eyelids. Some patients experience neurological pain. Body temperature usually rises. The discharge in the first days of the disease is serous, then becomes purulent. The sense of smell is sharply reduced, nasal breathing difficult. With severe sinusitis, inflammation can spread to the orbit, causing protrusion of the eyeball and severe swelling of the eyelids.
Sphenoiditis. The main symptoms of chronic sphenoiditis are pain in the parietal (sometimes in the occipital) region, sensation unpleasant odor. Important clinical sign chronic sphenoiditis is swelling of the discharge along the anterior wall of the sphenoid sinus along the roof of the nasopharynx and back wall throats. The process can spread into the cranial cavity, other paranasal sinuses, and into the orbit. Sphenoiditis can cause complications in the visual organs (retrobulbar neuritis).

With acute sinusitis in adults, the temperature rises, the head begins to hurt, it becomes difficult for him to breathe, since the nose is clogged with mucus (congestion periodically moves from one nostril to the other), the discharge from the nose is purulent, sometimes with blood. In the place where the inflamed sinus is located, pain is felt, and swelling of the soft tissues of the face may also occur. At night there are attacks of dry cough. With sinusitis, the sense of smell is reduced or absent altogether.

Symptoms of sinusitis in the chronic stage may include all the signs of the disease or only some of them. Signs of the disease do not go away even after two weeks. What is sinusitis? chronic inflammation, is best known to patients with asthma, seasonal or food allergies. Treatment in this case should be accompanied by the exclusion of allergens and products that cause rhinitis.

Diagnostics

The diagnosis of sinusitis is made based on the patient's complaints, clinical symptoms, laboratory and instrumental research. In order to confirm the final diagnosis, radiography or computed tomography is used (shows the presence of an inflammatory process in the body).

How to treat sinusitis?

If symptoms of sinusitis occur, treatment in adults involves the use of special medications; they effectively suppress the causative agent of the disease and eliminate unpleasant symptoms.

To reduce the temperature, the following are prescribed: paracetamol, nurofen.
If you have an allergy, prescribe: tavegil, claritin.
To eliminate swelling of the nasal mucosa, vasoconstrictor drugs or aerosols are prescribed.
If sinusitis is suspected, antibiotics are prescribed.
For rhinitis in children, nasal sprays are prescribed: triamcinolone, mometasone furoate, fluticasone, beclomethasone.

Main goals of sinusitis treatment:

Eradication (complete destruction) of the pathogen if the inflammation is caused by an infectious agent;
Elimination of other provoking factors, for example deformations of the nasal structures;
Relief of sinusitis symptoms;
Restoring normal sinus drainage;
Preventing complications;
Preventing acute sinusitis from becoming chronic.

For chronic sinusitis, physiotherapy (magnetic therapy, heating) and sanatorium treatment. Surgical treatment consists of puncture (puncture) of the sinus, if there is pus in it. Also, in case of chronic sinusitis, plastic surgery of the maxillary sinus is performed to improve the outflow (drainage) of its contents.

Antibiotics for sinusitis in adults

At home, antibiotic treatment is effective for acute and chronic sinusitis in adults. Appointment decision antibacterial drugs accepted only by a doctor. The course of treatment is usually 10-14 days.

Antibiotics for sinusitis are indicated in cases where the bacterial nature of the disease is proven. The doctor may suspect purulent sinusitis if purulent discharge from the nasal passages, headache and pain in the projection of the sinuses does not decrease after a week of therapy. Antibacterial therapy can be started earlier in severe cases of the disease, regardless of its duration.

In mild cases of sinusitis, priority is given to antibiotics from the group of macrolides and cephalosporins. At severe course diseases, second and third generation penicillins or cephalosporins are prescribed. In the case of chronic sinusitis, the use of protected penicillins is preferable.

For the treatment of acute and chronic sinusitis in last years A three-day course of azithromycin is often recommended, which is especially effective for mycoplasma sinusitis. This type of sinus disease is often observed in children and cannot be treated with other antibiotics.

For acute sinusitis, in some cases local effective antibiotics (bioparox) are used.

Physiotherapy

Physiotherapeutic procedures include:

Sinus rinsing using the “cuckoo” method;
Puncture and further drainage of cavities with antiseptic agents;
Electrophoresis;
Phonophoresis with ointments that have an antiseptic effect;
Inhalation with antibiotic solutions, herbal decoctions;
UHF sinuses;
Laser treatment using the endonasal method;
Use of quantum rays.

Sinus puncture

On late stages sinusitis, classic nasal rinses at home or inpatient conditions(the so-called “cuckoo”) do not help remove stagnant pus from the sinus cavities: in in this case, prescribes a very unpleasant, painful, but effective procedure called puncture and puncture.

Here the doctor punches soft things through the nose cartilage tissue a special surgical spatula? Then he inserts a catheter, connects a syringe with disinfectant solution and injects liquid under pressure, thus through the nose, washing out all the pus accumulated in the cavity. If necessary, the catheter is left in the cavity and the washing procedure is repeated several times.

Prevention

The first thing you should pay attention to when preventing sinusitis is timely treatment of colds, runny nose and flu. Often these diseases become triggers for sinusitis. A runny nose or cough should be treated at home. Having previously consulted with your doctor on the choice of effective remedies.

Besides, adhere to the following recommendations:

IN mandatory undergo preventative dental examination: infections due to pulpitis, stomatitis, etc. can very quickly overcome the bone barrier and cause inflammation of the paranasal sinuses;
Do not self-medicate: if you have a runny nose, fever or general malaise that does not go away within 2-3 days, consult a doctor;
Systematic hardening procedures will significantly increase immunity, which will reduce the incidence of viral diseases and, accordingly, eliminate the risk of sinusitis.

If you suspect this disease, you should not tempt fate and self-medicate at home. You should immediately seek qualified help. Effective and rapid recovery is possible with proper treatment.

Sinusitis is an infectious and inflammatory process affecting the mucous membrane of the paranasal sinuses. Often during the disease the maxillary sinus is affected, but there are cases when the process moves to the ethmoid, frontal or sphenoid zones. Treatment requires complex treatment, using drugs for sinusitis of both systemic and local action.

In this article we will look at the main causes of the disease, what symptoms are typical for adults, as well as the correct treatment to quickly restore the body at home.

What is sinusitis?

Sinusitis (lat. Sinusitis) is an inflammatory disease of the mucous membrane of the paranasal sinuses (sinuses). The disease is diagnosed in 0.02% of the adult population. The main symptoms are heaviness in the paranasal or frontal region, pain with sudden head movements, thick nasal discharge, elevated temperature bodies. Sinusitis in adults may also include a cough, nasal congestion, difficulty breathing, and a sore throat.

ICD disease code:

ICD-10: J01, J32
ICD-9: 461, 473

With sinusitis, the patient's voice becomes nasal. Problems with nasal respiration worsen and lead to obstruction of nasal breathing. Patients suffering from sinusitis experience abundant secretory mucous discharge from the nasal passages.

Classification and types of disease

There are different types of sinusitis, differing in the localization of the pathological process, the course of the disease, and the causes of the disease. Despite the fact that the classification pathological processes in the paranasal sinuses is quite extensive, the symptoms of various sinusitis are very similar.

Depending on the etiological factor, the following classification of sinusitis is accepted:

Traumatic (formed as a result of injuries to the nose)
Viral (developing after a virulent infection)
Bacterial (formed under the influence of bacterial infectious agents)
Fungal (developing as a result of contact with the mucous membranes of fungi)
Mixed (the result of simultaneous infection by several microorganisms)
Allergic (developing as a result of a constant inflammatory process in the nasal sinuses)

According to the nature of the flow:

acute sinusitis - the disease lasts no more than 8 weeks;
chronic sinusitis - long-term course, as well as frequent relapses of the disease.

By localization:

Sinusitis (sinusitis of the maxillary sinus) - inflammation of the mucous membrane of the maxillary paranasal sinus;
(runny nose) - inflammation of the nasal cavity;
- inflammation of the mucous membrane of the sphenoid sinus;
Frontitis is an inflammation of the frontal sinus. The disease can be unilateral or bilateral;
Ethmoiditis (ethmoidal sinusitis) is an inflammation of the mucous membrane of the cells of the ethmoid bone. The disease is bacterial or viral in nature.

Depending on the nature of the inflammation, there are three forms of sinusitis:

edematous-catarrhal. Only the mucous membrane of the paranasal sinuses is affected. The process is accompanied by the release of serous discharge;
purulent. Inflammation spreads to the deep layers of tissue of the paranasal sinuses. The discharge becomes purulent;
mixed. There are signs of edematous-catarrhal and purulent sinusitis.

Depending on the prevalence of the process, sinusitis can be:

unilateral - can be right- or left-sided;
bilateral – simultaneous damage to the paired sinuses on both sides of the nose;
polysinusitis - an inflammatory process of several adnexal cavities;
monosinusitis - damage to the mucous membrane of one sinus;
hemisinusitis – simultaneous involvement in the process of all paranasal cavities located on one half of the face;
Pansinusitis is the most severe form of the disease, characterized by damage to all sinuses.

Causes

The cause of inflammation of the paranasal sinuses is a viral infection. The virus, penetrating the mucous membrane, causes swelling, as well as an increase in the secretion production of the mucous glands and desquamation of the epithelium.

As a result, the natural anastomosis of the paranasal sinuses is blocked by the edematous mucous membrane and pathological secretion. In this case, the opposite edges of the anastomosis come into contact with each other, complicating the transport of secretions from the sinuses. If this regular drainage is disrupted, favorable conditions are created for the development of sinusitis.

The leading role in the development of sinusitis is given to:

Pfeiffer bacillus (Haemophilus influenzae) and pneumococcus (Streptococcus pneumoniae), which are the causative agents of the disease in more than 50% of cases.
Less commonly, hemolytic streptococcus (Streptococcus pyogenes), Moraxella catarrhalis, Staphylococcus aureus, various viruses, fungi and anaerobes are sown.

Sinusitis often occurs as a result of complications of infectious and inflammatory diseases of the nasal cavity (influenza, rhinorrhea, ARVI).

Viruses. Viruses cause 90 - 98% of cases of acute sinusitis. Most people experience sinus inflammation. These inflammations are usually brief and mild, and very few people who get a cold develop true sinusitis.
Bacteria. A small percentage of cases of acute and possibly chronic sinusitis are caused by bacteria. The bacteria are usually present in the nasal passages and throat and are generally harmless. However, in cold or viral infection In the upper respiratory tract, the nasal passages are blocked, the natural cleansing of the paranasal sinuses is disrupted and secretions stagnate inside the sinuses, which provides fertile ground for the proliferation of pathogenic bacteria.
Fungi. It is very important to monitor the microflora in the premises, because... under certain conditions (lack of ventilation, high humidity and temperature), the fungus can settle in the paranasal sinuses, and if complicated, provoke the development of a mycotic infection. Aspergillus is the most common fungus associated with sinusitis.

Risk factors for sinusitis

The development of infection in the sinuses, regardless of the type of microorganism, provokes a violation of the outflow of mucus from the sinus into nasal cavity, which is facilitated by the following factors:

flu, colds;
dental infections;
allergic rhinitis;
cystic fibrosis;
bronchial asthma;
sarcondosis;
immunodeficiency;
tumors of the respiratory system;
pregnancy;
smoking.

Symptoms of sinusitis in adults (photos)

Exposure to a fungus, viral or allergic factor leads to swelling of the cavity, which causes difficulty breathing. If you do not diagnose sinusitis in time and do not begin to treat sinusitis, the situation threatens the development of sphenoiditis and other complicated forms.

In adults, at the onset of the disease, nasal discharge is serous in nature; as inflammation develops, it transforms into mucous-serous. Purulent exudate, which contains a large amount of detritus and, is observed when an infection of a bacterial nature is attached. In this case, severe swelling is accompanied by a violation of the permeability of the capillary walls.

Other symptoms of sinusitis include:

some pain or pressure in the facial area (eyes, cheeks, nose, and forehead);
impaired sense of smell;
increased and high temperature;
a sore throat;
increased fatigue and general tiredness;
cough, especially at night;
bad breath;
dizziness;
headache;
toothache;
hyperemia.

Acute sinusitis

The acute form of sinusitis provokes headache, fever and weakness throughout the body. These symptoms, of course, can accompany many diseases, so for diagnosis you need to focus on the specific manifestations of the disease.

Specific signs:

difficulty breathing through the nose;
purulent exudate discharged from the nasal cavity;
disruption of the olfactory organs.

Acute sinusitis, both viral and bacterial, can last 8 weeks or longer.

Chronic sinusitis

In some cases, a chronic inflammatory process develops, in which patients note the following symptoms:

Difficulty breathing through the nose, nasal congestion, periodically appearing crusts in the nose;
A small amount of mucous/purulent exudate, with a purulent process foul odor from mouth;
Dry throat, headache, irritability.

Sinusitis is considered chronic if the inflammation lasts more than 3 months.

Depending on the type of disease, symptoms will differ (see table)

Sinusitis	Symptoms in adults
Sinusitis	– acute viral infection. The consequences are inflammation of the paranasal sinuses and purulent accumulations in them. Develops against the background of pathological processes in oral cavity, nasopharynx, infectious diseases, problems with upper teeth. Symptoms: headache; constant discharge of mucus from the nasal cavity; persistent runny nose with clear or yellow-green fluid; labored breathing; localization of pain in the nose and paranasal area of the face; lack of smell; discomfort and constant malaise; weakness; refusal of food; sleep disturbance.
Frontit	Frontitis is an infectious-inflammatory process localized in the frontal sinuses. Main features: headaches (pain when touching the forehead is also possible), feeling of pressure above the eyes, impaired sense of smell, cough that gets worse at night malaise, fatigue, weakness, elevated temperature, sore throat, unpleasant or sour smell from mouth.
Sphenoiditis	Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the sphenoid sinus is called sphenoiditis. The main symptom is intense occipital headache radiating to the orbit and temple. The pain is caused by the accumulation of purulent contents in the sphenoid sinus.
Ethmoidal sinusitis	Sinusitis, in which the cells of the ethmoid labyrinth become inflamed, is called ethmoiditis. Conventionally, the cells of the ethmoid sinus are divided into anterior, middle and posterior, so sometimes anterior and posterior ethmoiditis are distinguished. The main symptom of acute ethmoiditis: headache, pain in the root of the nose and bridge of the nose. The predominant localization of pain at the root of the nose and the inner edge of the orbit is characteristic of damage to the posterior cells of the ethmoid bone.

Sinusitis has different symptoms depending on the location of the inflammation, and treatment in adults will depend on the form and stage of the disease.

Complication for the body

Sinusitis affects skeletal system, ears and eyes, nervous and circulatory system, so complications also include:

Osteomyelitis
Sinus thrombophlebitis
Thrombosis of blood vessels of the head
Periostitis of the orbit
Orbital phlegmon

Considering all this, timely treatment under the supervision of a qualified ENT doctor is very important.

Diagnostics

The diagnosis of sinusitis is made on the basis of a characteristic clinical picture, an objective examination and additional research data. During the diagnostic process the following is used:

radiography of the paranasal sinuses in two projections,
ultrasonography,
nuclear magnetic resonance and CT scan of the paranasal sinuses.

According to indications, a CT or MRI of the brain is performed to exclude complications.

Symptoms of disturbances in the functioning of the ENT organs cannot be ignored.

Treatment of sinusitis

You should not decide on your own how to treat sinusitis. Treatment of this disease is within the competence of an otolaryngologist. The earlier the inflammation is diagnosed, the more effective the treatment will be. At mild sinusitis and moderate severity, the patient does not require hospitalization; treatment is carried out on an outpatient basis under the supervision of an otolaryngologist.

To the main methods conservative treatment sinusitis in adults include the following methods:

Antibacterial. Correctly chosen antibiotics guarantee 90% success.
Antihistamines. When the problem is caused by an allergic factor, then such drugs are mandatory for use.
Immunostimulants. If sinusitis was caused by ARVI, then medications are required.
Drops. Relieves swelling and makes breathing easier.
Wash solutions. Created with sea salt, which will draw out mucus.
"Cuckoo". The procedure will clean the sinuses efficiently and quickly without surgical intervention.

Antibacterial drugs

Antibiotics from the following groups are used to treat sinusitis:

Penicillin series - Amoxicillin, Ampicillin, Augmentin, Ampiox.
Macrolide group – Roxithromycin.
Cephalosporins – Cefuroxime, Kefzol, Ceftibuten, Cephalexin.
Fluoroquinolone group – Levoflox, Sparfloxacin, Moxifloxacin.
Topical antibiotics may also be used. These include Fuzofungin, Bioparox.

Depending on the intensity of the inflammatory process, they can be used orally (tablets, capsules) or parenterally (intravenous or intramuscular administration).

Local antibiotics:

Gentamicin
Bioparox
Isofra
Tobramycin
Streptomycin
Dioxidine.

Unfortunately, due to the overuse and misuse of antibiotics, many types of bacteria do not respond to antibiotic treatment, becoming “resistant” to these drugs.

Antihistamines

Antihistamines for sinusitis are prescribed to eliminate allergic manifestations, relieving swelling and congestion of the nasal passages. Most often prescribed:

Loratadine,
Aleron
Tsetrin,
Zyrtec,
Desloratadine,
Claritin,
Clarisens,
Zenerite.

Anti-inflammatory drugs for adults

Complex treatment of sinusitis at home involves taking medications that have an anti-inflammatory effect (Erispal) and sulfonamides (Sulfadimethoxine, Biseptol). The doctor may also prescribe Sinupret. This combination drug on plant based, performs anti-inflammatory and decongestant functions, enhances mucus secretion, promotes the regeneration of mucous membranes, restoring their protective qualities.

Nasal drops

Sinusitis drops have many advantages compared to tablets. Firstly, they act locally, and therefore very quickly - relief is felt within minutes. Only gets into the blood small part active ingredients drug. This means that the likelihood of side effects is much lower. To relieve nasal congestion and reduce swelling of the mucous membrane, it is possible to use vasoconstrictor drops:

Xylometazoline (Otrivin, Ximelin, Galazolin),
Oxymetazoline (Nazol, Nazivin),
Naphazolin (Naphthyzin, Sanorin).

It is also possible to use drops with the addition of essential oils: Pinosol, Sinupret, Sinuforte.

Nasal rinsing for sinusitis

For uncomplicated sinusitis, an effective procedure is rinsing the nose. For this, you can use both special ready-made solutions (Salin, Aqualor, Dolphin) and regular saline solution.

At home, rinsing is often used. It's important to do it right.

Washing rules:

Bend over the sink at a right angle. Take a deep breath, hold your breath.
Place the container with the rinsing solution tightly to the nostril.
Slowly tilt the bottle of medicine - the liquid should flow out of the opposite nostril. Each nostril is washed alternately.
After completing the procedure, you need to blow your nose well to remove excess solution.

Inhalations

You can breathe over solutions of various products and products in hot water. For inhalation at home, decoctions and infusions are usually used. medicinal herbs and plants. Chamomile, eucalyptus, thyme, sage, St. John's wort - all these herbs have bactericidal, anti-inflammatory, mucolytic effects. They can be used either individually or as part of inhalation mixtures for sinusitis.

Physiotherapeutic procedures

An excellent way to speed up the healing process is to carry out physiotherapeutic procedures. These include:

Electrophoresis;
Currents;
Ural Federal District and many others.

These procedures can speed up metabolism in affected areas of the body, normalize protective processes and enhance the effect of medications taken.

How to treat sinusitis with folk remedies

Treatment of sinusitis using folk remedies at home helps in many cases to avoid the use of antibiotics.

Radish. Grind one black radish and squeeze out the juice. Mix in equal quantities vegetable oil and root juice. Soak pieces of fabric in the liquid and apply to the area of the nasal and frontal sinuses. Insulate all this with a towel, after covering it with cellophane.
Garlic spirit. A kind of “dry” inhalation, which perfectly helps in the early stages of viral or infectious sinusitis. You need to take a few large cloves and quickly grind them in a mortar. Transfer to a glass or small jar and, immersing your face in it, as if in a mask, breathe in the fumes of garlic for several minutes. On the nasal mucous membranes along with garlic juice There will be a lot of phytoncides, which are natural antibiotics.
Aloe. Sinusitis can be treated by putting drops in your nose made from medicinal plants with antimicrobial properties: 2-3 drops to aloe or Kalanchoe.
Mix dried leaves of the following plants in equal proportions: lingonberries, black currants, red rowan, stinging nettle, common birch, 1 tbsp. l. of the composition, steam 250 ml of boiling water in a teapot, leave for about half an hour, drink three times a day instead of tea, sweeten with natural bee honey.
Steam inhalations with the addition of essential oils or extracts of pine, eucalyptus, tea tree, mint (a few drops are enough) - these products clean and disinfect the cavities in the sinuses, and also relieve swelling of the mucous membranes.
A teaspoon of St. John's wort pour a glass of boiling water. Cool, strain and use as a wash for sinusitis.
Potato . This is an old and proven method that was used by our grandmothers. After peeling the potatoes, add water to the peel and cook until tender. After this, drain the water, cover your head with a cloth and inhale the warm vapors. Thanks to the warm steam, the mucus in the sinuses becomes liquid and is better removed.

There are types of sinusitis for which treatment folk remedies is strictly contraindicated. Therefore, consult your doctor before use.

Prevention

To prevent a disease such as sinusitis, you should adhere to the following rules and recommendations:

try to spend more time in the air, ventilate the room well before going to bed or leave the window open at night, and in the morning be sure to do gymnastics, after which you begin water procedures.
avoiding moderate and severe colds and infectious diseases;
elimination of anatomical anomalies of the nasal region;
prevention and sanitation of the oral cavity, prevention of periodontal disease;
preventing injuries and bruises to the face and nose;
quitting smoking and overuse alcohol;
ventilation and wet cleaning of premises;
compliance with the rules and operating conditions in hazardous industries;
no contact with substances that cause an allergic reaction;
general complex of health-improving measures and hardening of the body;
minimizing exposure factors large quantity liquids in the nose when swimming and diving in bodies of water.

Sinusitis is insidious in that any colds may cause aggravation. The proximity of the sinuses to the brain and eyes creates a risk of infection spreading to these organs, which can lead to serious complications.

The anatomical structure of the paranasal sinuses is complex and provides physiological nasal breathing in the absence of inflammatory processes in them. All of them are lined with a layer of mucous membrane capable of producing mucous secretion in order to remove foreign particles of dust, microbes, and epithelial cells. The scientific name for the group of paranasal sinuses is sinuses. Accordingly, sinusitis is their inflammation, which can occur in the acute and chronic phase. The name of the pathology is made up of a term indicating the location of the pathology and its nature (-it translated from Latin language means inflammation).

Acute and chronic sinusitis in adults can occur as an isolated process, and is also often the primary symptom respiratory infection in the throat. Characterized by the secretion of large amounts of mucus, which provokes a runny nose, nasal congestion and impaired physiological process breathing.

In this article we will talk about how we treat sinusitis in adults easily and quickly using etiotropic and vasoconstrictor drugs. Initial information about the nature of the development of the disease, its causes and standards of treatment at home is presented.

What reasons could this cause? Stages of disease development

First, it’s worth understanding the provocative factors. What causes can cause acute and chronic sinusitis in adults at different times of the year? it is necessary to understand that primary irritation of the mucous membranes of the paranasal sinuses can be provoked not only by the introduction of viral and bacterial microflora. The following causes of inflammation of the sinuses are distinguished:

dryness of the surrounding air;
the presence of various dust particles and irritants, including carbon dioxide;
burns from hot air and fumes chemical substances(ammonia, chlorine, acetic acid);
smoking, including passive smoking;
candidiasis and secondary inflammatory complexes of symptoms in colds;
allergic rhinitis, hay fever;
atrophy of the mucous membranes.

The predisposition may be hereditary, occupational, or due to the presence of chronic diseases of the ENT organs. Sometimes sinusitis occurs against the background of traumatic changes in the nasal septum, as a result of which deformation disrupts the timely outflow of mucous secretions. Against the background of stagnation, the risk of developing pathogenic microflora increases.

The stages of disease development are determined by pathogenesis. Initially, there is a violation of the integrity of the cells of the mucous membrane, which reacts with the development inflammatory reaction. At the same time, there is an expansion of small blood vessels, swelling of the mucous membrane occurs, hyperemia appears. The body's defenses in the form of macrophages, lymphocytes, phagocytes and leukocytes are drawn to the site of pathology. All of them are capable of releasing inflammatory factors that increase swelling. In the absence of complications, acute sinusitis resolves spontaneously in adults within 5-7 days. There is a discharge of mucus, full recovery ciliated epithelium and release of nasal breathing.

The clinical division of sinusitis is carried out at the location of the inflammatory process:

frontal sinusitis - damage to the frontal sinuses;
sinusitis - the maxillary sinuses suffer;
ethmoiditis - the disease “nests” in the ethmoid bone;
Sphenoiditis is a pathology of the sphenoid sinus.

A division is made into acute and chronic forms of the disease: in the first case, recovery occurs after 7, maximum 10 days, in the second, the pathology takes a protracted course with periods of remission and exacerbation. Chronic sinusitis in an adult is almost always the result of an incorrectly chosen treatment method. Therefore, it is important to immediately consult an otolaryngologist when primary symptoms appear.

The first signs and clinical symptoms of sinusitis in adults

Timely diagnosis of any pathology at an early stage is the key successful treatment and a guarantee of complete recovery. It is quite difficult not to notice the first signs of sinusitis in an adult. Suddenly, congestion of the nasal passages appears, followed by the release of mucous secretion.

Depending on the location of the pathology, clinical symptoms of sinusitis in adults develop, which can be expressed in the following manifestations:

discharge of mucus from the nasal passages (they may have a transparent, whitish, purulent structure, often streaked with blood);
a feeling of heaviness, fullness in the area of the affected paranasal sinus;
headache with sinusitis and frontal sinusitis;
increased body temperature, general weakness, malaise;
changes in olfactory processes (patients may perceive foreign and unpleasant odors that are not actually there and may not feel the familiar aromas of food, perfume, and other things);
pain on palpation of individual structural parts of the facial part of the skull;
increased pain in the affected areas when tilting the head;
elimination of nasal congestion on one side with the head positioned on the opposite side;
bad breath.

Several methods are used for diagnosis, among which the most informative are radiography of the paranasal sinuses and their puncture (in the case of sinusitis and sinusitis) in order to obtain exudate. The puncture also has a therapeutic purpose, as it allows for sinus rinsing antibacterial solution and reduce internal pressure on the facial bones.

Possible complications may include sepsis, osteomyelitis and the transition of the disease to a chronic form.

Principles of therapy - how to treat sinusitis, are antibiotics needed?

Modern medical standards dictate the basic principles of therapy for this rather dangerous disease. Before treating sinusitis in adults, it is necessary to establish the exact etiology of the inflammatory process. Only a doctor can determine whether antibiotics are needed for sinusitis. laboratory diagnostics. An increase in body temperature is by no means a direct indication for their use, since the disease may be viral in nature. And, as is known, antibiotics do not have any harmful effects on viruses.

Therefore, before prescribing antibiotics, it is necessary to culture the mucous secretion in order to identify sensitivity to these drugs. Antiviral drugs latest generation, such as "Amiksin", "Lavomax", "Arbidol" have a stimulating effect on immune system, which can be useful for both bacterial and viral etiology. But do not forget that acute sinusitis can develop against the background of an allergic reaction. In this case, antiviral drugs are contraindicated because they enhance the immune response.

Treatment is based on three principles:

impact on the cause (antibiotic, antiviral agent, antihistamine);
elimination of swelling of the mucous membrane (drops and nasal sprays “Naphthyzin”, “Xilin”, “Nazol”, “Sinupret”, “Sanorin” have a pronounced vasoconstrictor effect, but they can be used for no longer than 5 days in a row);
symptomatic therapy (antipyretic, vitamins, drinking plenty of fluids, anti-inflammatory drugs).

What antibiotics are appropriate for sinusitis in adults? The most commonly used drugs are wide range actions of Amoxacillin, Ciprofloxacin, Azithromycin, Ampicillin and others.

IN acute period Bed rest is indicated for the first 3-4 days. The patient is freed from labor. If necessary, it is possible to puncture the paranasal sinuses in outpatient setting under local anesthesia.

Treatment of chronic sinusitis in adults is possible at home

If the patient's condition is satisfactory, outpatient therapy is allowed. The hospital is indicated only if there is a threat of complications. Treatment of sinusitis at home in adults begins with identifying the cause of the pathology. Then the doctor chooses an adequate management strategy for the patient.

The main danger is that chronic sinusitis symptoms in adults can present in the form of a blurred clinical picture. This may include periodic nasal congestion, difficulty breathing, coughing in the evenings, headaches and even dizziness.

However, treatment of chronic sinusitis in adults must be carried out in full using all available modern medicine funds. This is important, since a long-term inflammatory process in the immediate vicinity of cerebral structures causes a severe decrease in the capabilities of the body's defenses. There is a high probability of getting viral or bacterial meningitis or encephalitis as a complication at the slightest hypothermia.

During an exacerbation, the use of vasoconstrictor nasal drops is indicated. Sanitation therapy with antibiotics is prescribed in combination with antimicrobial and antiviral agents. During periods of remission, it is important to pay attention to improving immunity. For this purpose, “Immunal”, “Echinacea tincture”, multivitamin complexes and mineral compounds with zinc.

Combination formulations can be used for a long time local application. These are “Protargol”, “Isofra” and others. They have anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects. In severe cases it is indicated hormone therapy using Prednisolone, Hydrocortisone, Dexamethasone.

Physiotherapeutic procedures and balneological treatments have excellent healing properties. spa treatment on the sea coasts.

Sinusitis is a disease characterized by acute or chronic inflammation, concentrated in the area of the sinuses (paranasal sinuses), which, in fact, determines its name. Sinusitis, the symptoms of which we will consider below, mainly develops against the background of an ordinary viral or bacterial infection, as well as allergies and, in some cases, against the background of microplasma or fungal infection.

general description

Let us dwell, first of all, on what the sinuses are as an area of interest to us in the context of the disease under consideration. Sinuses are small cavities concentrated within the thickness of the bones of the skull. Each person has seven sinuses (paranasal sinuses): frontal sinuses (2), maxillary sinuses (2), ethmoid sinuses and sphenoid sinus.

Each of the sinuses is lined with a mucous membrane, and all of them communicate with the nasal cavity. Note that the possibility of such communication plays an extremely important role in ensuring a normal state for the paranasal sinuses. If, as a result of the influence of certain factors, the canal connecting the nasal cavity and paranasal sinus is closed (which in particular can happen, for example, due to swelling of the nasal mucosa due to a runny nose), then this leads to the absorption of air into the blood from a generally sealed sinus. In this case, the sinus itself begins to fill with inflammatory fluid, and in it, in turn, bacteria begin to rapidly multiply.

The paranasal sinuses perform extremely important functions, and they are as follows:

formation of the facial skeleton, facial features and voice timbre;
properly warming the air so that it can then pass through the nose.

It is noteworthy that the mucous membrane of the sinuses is just as predisposed to infection by various types of infection as the mucous membrane of the nose, and this predisposition also concerns the possibility of inflammation. Actually, inflammation of the mucous membrane of the paranasal sinuses, which we noted earlier, is sinusitis.

Forms of sinusitis

With sinusitis, compared to normal sinusitis, which is accompanied by the involvement of predominantly the entire nasal mucosa in the inflammatory process, the infection mainly affects one paranasal sinus or several sinuses. Based on the specific sinus affected by inflammation, the specific form of sinusitis is determined.

– accompanied by predominant inflammation of one of the maxillary sinuses(in some cases, inflammation of both sinuses becomes a possible option);
– the inflammatory process is concentrated in the area of one frontal sinus or both sinuses;
– the inflammatory process is concentrated in the area of the sphenoid sinus;
– the inflammatory process is concentrated within the ethmoid sinuses (cells).

Acute sinusitis can provoke the development of sinusitis, which, in turn, is accompanied by extremely severe pain in the facial area.

Often a complication chronic sinusitis An abscess becomes formed in the form of a closed type of cavity, inside of which there is pus.

When sinusitis occurs against the background of a chronic form of sinusitis, atrophy of the nasal mucosa can occur, which, in turn, leads to loss of smell.

As a rule, patients with sinusitis, and especially with its chronic form, undergo long-term and unsuccessful treatment for other diseases/causes that provoke a constant (chronic) cough.

Frontal sinusitis (frontal sinusitis): symptoms

When frontal sinusitis occurs, the frontal adnexa becomes inflamed. sinus, in particular, the process is concentrated within the mucous membrane that lines the frontal sinus. The course of frontal sinusitis can be acute or chronic.

The acute form of frontal sinusitis is accompanied by sharp pain that occurs in the forehead area. In addition, headache (in a different area of localization), lacrimation, pain in the eyes, difficulty in nasal breathing, and photophobia are noted. From the corresponding half of the nose there is abundant, odorless discharge. The temperature is about 39 degrees, but can be lower (low-grade fever). Swelling may occur in the soft tissues.

Chronic frontal sinusitis is somewhat less pronounced in its manifestations. So, the headache in this case is aching or pressing, it is mainly localized on the side of the affected sinus. If the outflow of exudate is difficult, as well as with increased pressure noted in the sinus, the pain, accordingly, intensifies; pressure on the orbit (its inner corner or inner wall) may be accompanied by sharp pain. As for the symptom that is relevant for this disease in the form of nasal discharge, it is especially abundant in the morning, and is often characterized by an unpleasant odor. During sleep, they flow down to the nasopharynx during sleep, resulting in expectoration of a significant amount of sputum in the morning.

Complications of frontal sinusitis (mainly in chronic form) often boil down to the transition of inflammation to the frontal sinus, that is, to its anterior bone wall, resulting in subsequent necrosis, sequestration and the formation of a fistula. Somewhat less frequently, the spread of the process passes to the lower wall, as a result of which the tissues of the orbit are subject to inflammation, and due to the involvement of the posterior wall in this process, intracranial complications develop (extradural abscess or meningitis). May also develop.

Sphenoiditis (sphenoidal sinusitis): symptoms

This disease implies inflammation of the mucous membrane, this time affecting the sphenoid sinus, which, as in previous types of sinusitis, develops against the background of exposure to a bacterial or viral infection. This disease occurs in practice infrequently and, as a rule, is caused by the prevalence of inflammation from the posterior cells of the ethmoid labyrinth.

Sphenoiditis can occur in acute or chronic form. Acute sphenoiditis is accompanied by nasal discharge and a headache characteristic of sinusitis, which, as a rule, is concentrated in the occipital region (much less often in the parietal, temporal or frontal). Symptoms such as a disorder of smell also appear, there is an increase in temperature and general weakness. As possible complication determined, as noted earlier, the possibility of inflammation spreading to the orbit and to the skull, as a result of which the optic nerve, meningitis, abscess and other related processes develop.

The transition to the chronic form with sphenoiditis occurs against the background acute form of this disease. Its main symptomatology is reduced to the appearance of headache (parietal, in some cases - occipital). The patient may also experience an unpleasant odor due to the opening of the sphenoid sinus opening to the olfactory nasal part.

Ethmoiditis (ethmoidal sinusitis): symptoms

Ethmoiditis is an inflammatory process concentrated in the area of the mucous membrane of the ethmoid bone (the shell of its cells). The disease occurs against the background of bacterial or viral influence, and can occur in acute or chronic form.

Symptoms of acute ethmoiditis often occur with ordinary rhinitis, etc. diseases. The main symptom is headache, as well as painful sensations within the area of the bridge of the nose and the root of the nose. If the pain occurs mainly from the inner edge of the orbit, as well as the root of the nose, then in this case we can talk about damage to the posterior cells of the said bone, which is directly affected by the disease in question.

Nasal breathing is often difficult, and nasal breathing may be impaired or completely absent. Gradually, the general condition only worsens, which is accompanied by an increase in temperature to about 38 degrees.

The first days of the course of the disease are characterized by the appearance of copious nasal discharge, as a rule, at this time they have no odor, but subsequently a change in their character is noted - they become serous-purulent or purulent, which is accompanied by a change in color and the acquisition of a certain smell.

Ethmoiditis in children is often accompanied by hyperemia and swelling of the inner corner of the orbit, as well as the inner part of the lower and upper eyelids.

Primary acute ethmoiditis is accompanied by the most pronounced changes in the general condition of patients. The onset of the disease is accompanied by sudden rise temperatures up to 40 degrees, regurgitation and vomiting, general anxiety.

Acute secondary ethmoiditis is characterized by increased severity of manifestations and gradual progression. Already by the third day, complications of this disease are noted. These in particular include destruction that occurs in parts of the bone walls, the formation of empyema, which can result in a breakthrough of pus to the tissue of the orbit (in some cases into the cranial cavity). When the process spreads to the orbit, visual disturbances are observed, in which the field of vision narrows, its acuity decreases, etc. If we are talking about intracranial complications when pus breaks through, then they consist of meningitis, brain abscess, .

As for the chronic form of ethmoiditis, it occurs against the background of an acute form of the disease, developing, as a rule, in those patients in whom the body's resistance is significantly reduced and in those for whom the effectiveness of treatment is determined to be insufficient. Symptoms of the chronic form are identified based on the overall degree of inflammatory activity. Patients face increased fatigue and deterioration of the condition in general, performance decreases. Exacerbation of the chronic form occurs with symptoms relevant for the acute form.

Acute sinusitis: symptoms

The clinic of acute sinusitis is characterized by signs of an inflammatory process of a general and local scale. As manifestations general reaction symptoms can be identified in the form of headache, general malaise, fever and weakness. A blood test determines the corresponding changes in the blood. The listed symptoms are generally not specific, and therefore the diagnosis of the disease is based on the manifestations of the disease on a local scale.

The most common complaints relevant to acute sinusitis are difficulties associated with nasal breathing, headache, pathological nasal and nasopharyngeal discharge, as well as a disorder of smell.

Most often, the headache is concentrated in the frontotemporal region, and it is possible that it intensifies when tilting the head. If the sphenoid sinus is affected, then a very characteristic symptom appears, which is expressed in the so-called night headaches, which determines their nature, as well as localization - in this case it lies in the center of the head, as well as in the back of the head. In some situations there are no complaints of headaches.

As for the difficulty of nasal breathing in the disease under consideration, it develops against the background of actual obstruction of the nasal passages, which occurs against the background of hyperplasia or swelling of the mucous membrane and due to the formation of pathological secretions in the nasal passages. As a rule, damage to nasal breathing on a specific side corresponds to the same side of the sinuses.

Based on the severity of the symptoms characteristic of acute sinusitis, the peculiarity of the course of the disease as a whole is determined - in particular, acute sinusitis can be mild, moderate and severe.

ABOUT mild flow diseases can be considered in the absence of radiological and local signs indicating sinusitis, or with minimal severity of signs of intoxication in combination with headache and localization of pain from the sinuses affected inflammatory lesion. This form The disease is accompanied mainly by normal or low-grade fever.

Moderate course acute sinusitis is accompanied by moderate manifestations of intoxication with simultaneous moderation of manifestations pain syndrome, which, again, concentrates in the area of the affected sinuses in combination with headaches. The temperature in this state rises to 38-38.5 degrees, and slightly pronounced reactive phenomena are also possible in the form of edema of the eyelid, swelling in the area of the paranasal sinuses, affecting soft tissues.

For severe form Sinusitis is characterized by symptoms in the form of intoxication, severe headache and pain from the affected walls of the sinuses. The temperature during this period exceeds 38.5 degrees. The possibility of developing complications becomes relevant.

Chronic sinusitis: symptoms

The transition to chronic sinusitis occurs in the case of unfinished acute inflammatory processes, their undertreatment or complete absence of treatment. In particular, the transition to such a course is relevant when one of the functions of the sinuses is disrupted, as well as under unfavorable conditions affecting their ability to aerate and to outflow pathologically formed secretions.

It is noteworthy that the microflora that provokes chronic course The inflammatory process of the paranasal sinuses can have a very different character, being both highly pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic or saprophytic.

Chronic sinusitis also has its own classification, built on the basis of its histomorphological features in combination with its inherent clinical manifestations.

Exudative form:

catarrhal chronic sinusitis;
serous chronic sinusitis;
purulent chronic sinusitis.

Productive form:

parietal hyperplastic chronic sinusitis;
polypous sinusitis.

Alternative form:

atrophic chronic sinusitis;
cholesteatoma chronic sinusitis.

Mixed form (or polypous-purulent).

In general, considering chronic sinusitis, it can be noted that children are mainly susceptible to the disease in this form. Chronic sinusitis in children, as a rule, occurs against the background of diseases such as acute rhinitis, influenza, etc.

The main danger of this disease in a chronic form is that it leads to a significant decrease in protective forces, as a result of which young patients become even more susceptible to a number of diseases, of which, first of all, respiratory diseases (pharyngitis, etc.) can be distinguished. ). In general, chronic sinusitis in children has its own characteristics for each of the individual age groups.

For example, children of early and preschool age are faced with quite severe symptoms general type, prevailing over local symptoms. In particular, a low-grade fever can be identified here, which is maintained over a long period of time. In addition, lethargy and weight loss are noted, sleep and appetite worsen. Children quickly get tired, they develop cervical lymphadenitis, blueness appears under the eyes, and a cough is also noted. Against the background of the general condition, irritability and moodiness appear; in frequent cases, keratitis and recurrent conjunctivitis develop. As a result of the listed symptoms, the patients' condition is defined as chronic sinusogenic intoxication.

The clinical picture of sinusitis in older children differs slightly from the course of this disease in adults. Manifestations of a subjective scale are expressed in this case somewhat less than in the case of acute sinusitis. The disease is also characterized by a long course with frequent exacerbations. There are complaints of difficulty in nasal breathing, headaches various types and occur mainly in the second half of the day. Nasal secretion increases, the sense of smell decreases, and patients quickly get tired.

Diagnosis and treatment of sinusitis

Diagnosis of the form and characteristics of the course of the disease is made on the basis of a general medical history, as well as the results of examinations in combination with radiography, tomography of the facial part and the sinuses in particular.

Treatment may include conservative or surgical therapy.

Conservative therapy consists of taking medications aimed at reducing swelling of the nasal mucosa, as well as improving outflow from the paranasal sinuses. This includes local vasoconstrictor drugs (duration of use no more than several days). Antibacterial medications and antihistamines are also used. Nasal rinses are performed using antiseptic solutions. The use of physiotherapy procedures is relevant.

As for surgical treatment, it comes down to washing the nasal cavity followed by puncture (puncture) of the maxillary or frontal sinuses. Due to puncture, the pressure in the sinuses is reduced, as a result of which material for culture can also be obtained. Subsequently, anti-inflammatory drugs and antibiotics are injected into the sinus.

If the listed measures also turned out to be ineffective, which is accompanied by corresponding complications in the form of meningitis, etc., then surgical intervention produced in a more active manner.

Acute inflammation, which is concentrated in one of the paranasal sinuses, is called sinusitis. This disease equally affects both children and adults of both sexes. Often the symptoms of sinusitis are confused with manifestations of flu and colds, so staging accurate diagnosis possible only after examination by a doctor. How to treat sinusitis at home? What can be counteracted to such, although not fatal, but unpleasant illness?

Characteristic features of the disease

Localization of the inflammatory process can occur in one or more paranasal sinuses. Impaired ventilation of the sinus (sinus) leads to the accumulation of mucus within its confines. Blocking its outflow is fraught with the appearance of swelling and extensive infectious foci, which also negatively affect the functioning of the organs of vision and hearing.

The key reason for the appearance of sinusitis is a prolonged or untreated runny nose (this is also its main symptom). In addition, the inflammatory process can occur against the background of other infectious diseases - flu, colds, measles, and so on. Moreover, they are a kind of trigger mechanism that leads to pathological changes within the paranasal sinuses.

Depending on the location of the infectious focus, sinusitis is divided into the following types:

Sinusitis is a disease in which the paranasal sinus becomes inflamed. In most cases, sinusitis acts as a complication of acute rhinitis, scarlet fever, influenza and other infectious diseases.
During the development of frontal sinuses, inflammatory processes begin in the frontal sinuses. Considering clinical manifestations sinusitis, we can say that this type of sinusitis is more severe than others.
Ethmoiditis affects the cells of the ethmoid labyrinth and is most common.
Sphenoiditis is an inflammatory process within the sphenoid sinus (very rarely diagnosed).

Sinusitis can be unilateral or bilateral, affecting one or more paranasal sinuses. The acute form of sinusitis is characterized by the brightness of the symptoms. As a rule, its duration does not exceed eight weeks.

If the signs of the disease either worsen or practically disappear, we can talk about a chronic form. Chronic sinusitis (like any other chronic illness) has two stages - the stage of exacerbation and remission.

Symptoms

Specific symptoms of sinusitis depend on its type:

Sinusitis will manifest itself acutely and have pronounced symptoms. Often the patient’s body temperature reaches 39 degrees, and pain appears in the area of the maxillary sinus. When you feel (palpate) the facial part or tilt your head, the pain intensifies. Natural ventilation of the affected sinus is disrupted, causing problems with breathing through the nose. In addition, with sinusitis, you can observe profuse nasal discharge (mucus may be transparent, with a yellowish or greenish tint).
As frontal sinusitis develops, pain sensations are concentrated in the frontal region and intensify during palpation. Nasal breathing is also difficult, there is copious nasal discharge, and visual acuity may noticeably decrease. Body temperature rises to subfebrile values (38-39 degrees). Headaches appear with some regularity and are aching in nature.
In most cases, ethmoiditis (inflammation of the ethmoid labyrinth) accompanies frontal sinusitis or sinusitis. The patient suffers from frequent headaches, the discomfort is localized in the bridge of the nose. As for body temperature, it rises to 38 degrees (but not always). Gray mucus is released from the nose, the acuity of smell decreases, and nasal breathing becomes difficult. In some patients, swelling of the eyelids is clearly visible.
With sphenoiditis, pain is clearly felt in the occipital and parietal parts. As with other types of sinusitis, in this case the temperature may rise. This type is dangerous due to its complications. Sphenoiditis often transforms into retrobulbar neuritis (degradation of the nerve fibers of the eyeballs) and reduces visual acuity.

How to cure sinusitis without causing harm to your body? If the treatment of this disease is to be performed at home, we recommend paying attention to drops. We are talking about a traditional remedy that is actively used for therapeutic purposes.

A solution based on mumiyo helps fight sinusitis well. He came to us from the depths of centuries from Tibetan medicine. Therapy through mumiyo involves periodic injection of a solution into the nasal cavity (you can buy a two percent solution in pharmacies). You need to drip 3 times a day, 4 drops.

Sinusitis treatment at home can be carried out using:

garlic juice;
onion juice;
beet juice;
carrots;
Kalanchoe;
aloe.

Thus, you can create an incredibly powerful bactericidal effect and quickly relieve swelling of the mucous membrane. The juice of the above products is also dropped into the nose no more than 3-4 times a day.

Sinusitis can also be treated at home in adults using inhalations. Essential oils are actively used for these purposes. coniferous trees and eucalyptus. You can add a few drops of oil to hot water before the procedure. If it is not possible to use the hot inhalation method, soak essential oil tissue and place it temporarily in the nasal cavity.

Good results can be achieved if you regularly massage and rub the facial part of the inflamed sinus. When massaging, you need to use circular movements on the areas of the eyebrows and cheekbones. As for rubbing, it involves the use of mustard oil. The areas near the nasal wings and the bridge of the nose should be rubbed several times a day. This improves blood flow and relieves inflammation.

Don't forget about ointments and applications. They have the same healing effect and at the same time have a number of tangible benefits. Unlike drops, the ointment can be distributed evenly throughout the entire nasal cavity. Yes and active substances affect the mucous membrane much longer.

To quickly deliver a drug to the required organ, it is not at all necessary to give injections or take medications orally. Pay attention to applications based on medicinal mixtures and solutions. As such, steamed healing herbs. Mixtures of propolis and camphor oil, cakes of honey and rye flour (have a warming effect) can also be applied to the area of the affected paranasal sinus.

Washing

What else can you say about symptoms and treatment at home? A very good way to clear the nasal passages of mucus and relieve swelling is rinsing. For these purposes, a regular solution of sea salt will do. Take one glass (about 200 milliliters) of warm water and gradually dissolve a teaspoon of sea salt in it. To enhance the therapeutic effect, you can add a couple of drops of iodine.

Is there no way to make it yourself? It doesn’t matter, a wide range of ready-made solutions are sold in all pharmacies.

There are several ways to perform rinsing at home. The most common and effective are the following:

Lean forward a little and turn your head to the side. Healing solution is poured into the nasal cavity smoothly and slowly (a small teapot or a regular syringe is suitable for this). In this case, the liquid should flow freely through the nostril, which is located below. At the final stage of rinsing, you should stand for a while with your head bowed and wait until all the solution flows out.
The second method is simpler. Type in your palms warm water with the solution and draw it into the nostrils, inhaling through the nose. Next, pinch both nostrils with your fingers and bend in different directions several times. Turn your head to the side and smoothly exhale all the liquid from your nostrils. This is an excellent option for those who do not have a teapot, syringe and other rinsing items on hand.

Not only can it be used as a medicinal solution sea salt, but also a decoction of chamomile, St. John's wort, and calendula.

Immediately before the procedure, make sure that there is no nasal congestion and that he is breathing at least a little. Otherwise, the procedure will be ineffective. If your nose is completely clogged, use medications to constrict blood vessels before rinsing.

What is prohibited to do

According to doctors, if a patient is diagnosed with sinusitis, he is strictly prohibited from visiting the bathhouse. High temperatures lead to excessive overheating of the body. This is extremely stressful for the patient. Of course, under normal conditions (when a person is completely healthy), such short-term exposure is very useful. Moreover, this needs to be done with some regularity. However, for all types of sinusitis (especially the acute form), you should not visit the bathhouse or sauna. Any thermal procedures can only cause harm to the body. This can easily be explained by general weakness. It appears against the background of poisoning of the body with waste products of bacteria, which are concentrated within one or another paranasal sinus. Intoxication disrupts natural process thermoregulation of the body. Therefore, even an insignificant, at first glance, thermal effect is fraught with heat stroke.

Sinusitis can be treated at home, but this must be done carefully, thoughtfully, and only after consultation with your doctor. This is especially true for the treatment of sinusitis in young children.

In order to choose the right treatment tactics, it is necessary to accurately establish the cause of the disease and localize the inflammatory process. And this can only be done after diagnosis. Therefore, before starting a rehabilitation course, always consult a doctor.