New generation broad-spectrum antibiotics. A new generation of antibiotics in tablets: range of applications

Antibiotics wide range actions - multifunctional drugs, which help to quickly cope with many pathogenic organisms. New generation drugs have a wide range of applications and are highly effective.

How do broad spectrum antibiotics work?

Broad spectrum antibiotics- effective antibacterial agents, which can be used only after consulting a doctor. Such drugs are able to quickly overcome pathogenic microorganisms, regardless of their type. The advantage of these drugs is that they are equally effective in treating gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.

Gram-positive organisms are often the cause of infectious diseases. Often they cause diseases of the ears, nasopharynx and all respiratory system... Such ailments can be provoked by enterococcal or staphylococcal infections, in rare cases - listeria, clostridia or corynebacterium. Gram-negative organisms are much less common. Most often, they cause abnormalities in the work of the intestines, or genitourinary system. Indications for the use of new generation antibiotics can be:

diagnostics of superinfections - diseases that are caused by several pathogens at once;
long-term ineffectiveness from therapy with other drugs.

Main advantage modern antibiotics the latest generation lies in their broad spectrum of action. Now there is no need to accurately determine the type of pathogen, it is enough to identify clinical picture ailment.

What are broad spectrum antibiotics?

Broad spectrum antibiotics are versatile bactericidal drugs that can help get rid of many diseases. Most often they are prescribed for treatment various infections, the causative agent of which remains unknown. They are also prescribed if a person has become infected with a rapidly developing and dangerous virus... Such funds are indicated as a prophylaxis after serious surgical interventions... Remember, not all cheap medicines are bad.

Group	A drug	Mechanism of action
Tetracyclines	Doxycycline, Tetracycline	Kills bacteria, has antiviral action
Levomycetin	Moxifloxacin, Levofloxicin	Antimicrobial, antifungal and antibacterial
Semi-synthetic penicillins	Carbenicillin, Ticarcillin	Inhibits the synthesis of the cell wall of the pathogen
Cephalosporins	Ceftriaxone	Changes the activity of the virus that entered the RNA
Rifampicin	Streptomycin, Amphenicol	Interferes with protein production
Carbapenems	Meropenem, Meropenem, Cyronem, Imipenem	Antibacterial and anti-inflammatory, prolonged action

Modern penicillins

Antibiotics from the penicillin group are drugs based on clavulanic acid and amoxicillin. Representatives of the new, 4, 5, 6 generations can be called Augmentin, Amoxiclav, Solutab. They help to quickly deal with any infectious processes, relieve pyelonephritis, dental abscess, otitis media, sinusitis and much more.

Penicillins - effective drugs, which help to quickly suppress the activity of many infections and viruses.

Usually, penicillin antibiotics are prescribed for the following diseases:

sinusitis;
whooping cough;
otitis media;
sore throat;
bronchitis;
pneumonia.

The effect of the use of penicillin antibiotics may develop more slowly. However, they immediately stop reproduction and growth. pathogenic bacteria in organism. Keep in mind that such funds can be taken no more than 1 time per quarter.

Levomycetin is an indispensable broad-spectrum antibiotic

Levomycetins - popular antibiotics, which help to quickly cope with infectious processes. The first representatives of this group had a rather meager spectrum of action, they relieved only of a narrow circle of pathogenic organisms. With the development of medicine, such drugs have become more and more effective, the spectrum of their action has expanded.

Despite the wide spectrum of action, antibiotics show the greatest effectiveness in the fight against gram-positive bacteria.

Modern chloramphenicol of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th generations have an extremely extensive action. The most popular drugs are Moxifloxacin, Levofloxicin and Gatifloxacin.

With their help, you will be able to quickly overcome:

gram-positive organisms: staphylococci, streptococci;
gram-negative organisms: hemophilic, Escherichia coli, Proteus, gonorrhea, Pseudomonas aeruginosa;
v nutritional pathogens: mycoplasma, chlamydia, legionella.

It should be noted that many drugs are contraindicated in children under 18 years of age. Also, with extreme caution, such drugs should be taken by the elderly, since the components of the drugs can disrupt the structure of the tendons. Be sure to keep yourself a list of antibiotics in this group.

Antibiotics Rifampicin

Rifampicin's antibiotics inhibit protein synthesis in pathogenic organisms, resulting in a powerful bactericidal effect. They are most effective against sensitive microorganisms.

The first drug in this group was synthesized in the middle of the last century. Today this remedy is actively used to treat tuberculosis.

Rifampicins are a group of antibiotics that can rid a person of tubercle bacillus.

To date, 4 generations of drugs have been developed. They have a broad spectrum of action, are safe enough and do not cause side effects... Such funds help to quickly suppress the activity of Klebsiella, Moraxella, Salmonella and other pathogenic organisms. However, they are most active against streptococci and staphylococci. Each such drug has its own characteristics, which must be taken into account during treatment.

As a rule, many people are not even aware of the existence of such a group of antibiotics as carbapenems. People usually encounter them extremely rarely, because they are used only to treat the most severe infections that threaten human life.

The most popular drugs in this group are Imipenem, Meropenem, Ertapenem, Invanz. Also this group includes Meronem, Meropenem, Cyronem. Indications for the use of such funds are nosocomial infections, such as:

intra-abdominal infections;
abscess, pneumonia, pleural empyema;
complications of infections urinary tract;
sepsis and pelvic infections;
endocarditis;
severe wounds;
joint and bone infections;
infections of soft tissues and skin.
Bacterial infections and meningitis.

It should be borne in mind that carbapenem antibiotics are administered only intravenously using a special dispenser. It is strictly forbidden to use such funds for allergies or intolerance to the components of the drug, as well as with sensitivity to cilastatin. It is very important that during therapy, the patient constantly informs his doctor about his health and any changes in the body.

Tetracyclines - time-tested antibiotics

Tetracycline antibiotics- drugs of a wide spectrum of action. They are based on a four-cycle system. They do not have a beta-lactam ring, so they are not affected by the pathogenic effect of beta-lactamase. Such funds are prescribed for therapy:

listeria, staphylococci, streptococci, clostridia, actinomycetes;
gonorrhea, salmonella, whooping cough, syphilis, shigella, E. coli and klebsiella.

The advantage of tetracycline antibiotics broad action before analogs, one can call their ability to penetrate deep into the cells affected by the bacterium. It is for this reason that such a remedy is actively prescribed to people with chlamydia, fungal infections, ureaplasmas. It should be noted that tetracyclines are absolutely ineffective in the fight against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The most popular drugs are Doxycycline and Tetracycline.

Cephalosporins- one of the broad groups of broad-spectrum antibiotics. There are 4 generations of such drugs. The first three were used only for parenteral and oral administration. They gained their popularity due to their low toxicity and high efficiency. These medications can help treat pneumonia, urinary tract, pelvic, skin, and soft tissue infections. Also, the funds are effective in combating STDs.

These antibiotics come in pill form. The medicine must be taken strictly with meals, while drinking it down copious amounts pure water... For the entire course of treatment, try to strictly adhere to the daily regimen. It is strictly forbidden to skip taking pills. Treatment does not end after the first signs of relief. Popular drugs in this group are Cefixime, Ceftibuten, Cefuroxime. They are fairly inexpensive.

Antibiotics for children

A special group of new generation antibiotics are baby drugs... They are prescribed only after 3 days of treatment. antiviral drugs did not bring any effect. Remember that only the attending physician can prescribe such funds. Among the safest antibiotics for children last generation can be distinguished:

Many antibiotics are acceptable for children, but the dose active substance for them should be less than for adults. The advantage is that they are also available as suspensions for internal use and ampoules - for intramuscular administration.

Are substances that have a detrimental effect on bacteria. Their origin can be biological or semi-synthetic. Antibiotics have saved many lives, so their discovery has great value for all mankind.

The history of the creation of antibiotics

Many infectious diseases, such as pneumonia, typhoid fever, dysentery was considered incurable. Also, patients often died after surgical interventions, since the wounds fester, gangrene and further blood poisoning began. Until there were antibiotics.

Antibiotics were discovered in 1929 by Professor Alexander Fleming. He noticed that green mold, or rather the substance that it produces, has a bactericidal and bacteriostatic effect. The mold produces a substance that Fleming calls penicillin.

Penicillin has a detrimental effect on and on some types of protozoa, but has absolutely no effect on the white blood cells that fight the disease.

And only in the 40s of the twentieth century, the mass production of penicillin began. Sulfonamides were discovered around this time. The scientist Gause received gramicidin in 1942, and streptomycin was derived by Selman Voxman in 1945.

Later, antibiotics such as bacitracin, polymyxin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline were discovered. By the end of the twentieth century, all natural antibiotics had synthetic analogues.

Classification of antibiotics

There are a great many antibiotics now.

First of all, they differ in their mechanism of action:

Bactericidal action - antibiotics penicillin, streptomycin, gentamicin, cephalexin, polymyxin
Bacteriostatic action - tetracycline series, macrolides, erythromycin, chloramphenicol, lincomycin,
Pathogenic microorganisms either completely die (bactericidal mechanism), or their growth is suppressed (bacteriostatic mechanism), and the organism itself fights the disease. Antibiotics with bactericidal action help faster.

Then, they differ in the spectrum of their action:

Broad spectrum antibiotics
Narrow-spectrum antibiotics

Drugs with a wide spectrum of action are very effective in many infectious diseases. They are also prescribed in the case when the disease is not precisely established. Disastrous for almost everyone pathogenic microorganisms... But they also have a negative effect on healthy microflora.

Narrow-spectrum antibiotics affect certain types bacteria. Let's consider them in more detail:

Antibacterial effect on gram-positive pathogens or cocci (streptococci, staphylococci, enterococci, listeria)
Effects on gram-negative bacteria ( colibacillus, salmonella, shigella, legionella, proteus)
Antibiotics that act on gram-positive bacteria include penicillin, lincomycin, vancomycin, and others. Drugs that affect gram-negative pathogens include aminoglycoside, cephalosporin, polymyxin.

In addition, there are several more highly targeted antibiotics:

Antituberculosis drugs
drugs
Drugs affecting protozoa
Antineoplastic drugs

Antibacterial agents vary from generation to generation. Now there are 6th generation drugs. Antibiotics of the latest generation have a wide spectrum of action, are safe for the body, convenient to use, and the most effective.

For example, consider penicillin drugs by generations:

1st generation - natural penicillins (penicillins and bicillins) - this is the first antibiotic that has not lost its effectiveness. Inexpensive, affordable. Refers to drugs of a narrow spectrum of action (acts destructively on gram-positive microbes).
2nd generation - semi-synthetic penicillinase-resistant penicillins (oxacillin, cloxacillin, fluclosacillin) - are less effective than natural penicillin against all bacteria except staphylococci.
3rd generation - broad-spectrum penicillins (ampicillin, amoxicillin). Starting from the 3rd generation, antibiotics negatively affect both gram-positive bacteria and gram-negative ones.
4th generation - carboxypenicillins (carbenicillin, ticarcillin) - in addition to all types of bacteria, 4th generation antibiotics are effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Their spectrum of action is even wider than that of the previous generation.
5th generation - ureidopenicillins (azlocillin, mezlocillin) - are more effective against gra-negative pathogens and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
6th generation - combined penicillins - include beta-lactamase inhibitors. These inhibitors include clavulanic acid and sulbactam. Strengthen the action, increasing its effectiveness.

Of course, the higher the generation antibacterial drugs, the wider range of action they have, respectively, and their effectiveness is higher.

Application methods

Antibiotic treatment can be done in several ways:

Orally
Parenterally
Rectally

The first way to take the antibiotic is by mouth or by mouth. For this method, tablets, capsules, syrups, suspensions are suitable. This method of the drug is the most popular, but it has some disadvantages. Some types of antibiotics can be destroyed or poorly absorbed (penicillin, aminoglycoside). Also provide irritating effect on the digestive tract.

The second method of using antibacterial drugs is parenteral or intravenous, intramuscular, in spinal cord... The effect is achieved faster than the oral route of administration.

Some types of antibiotics can be given rectally or directly into the rectum (medicated enema).

With special severe forms diseases are used most often by the parenteral method.

Different groups of antibiotics have different localization in certain organs and systems. human body... According to this principle, doctors often select one or another antibacterial drug. For example, with pneumonia, azithromycin accumulates in, and in the kidneys with pyelonephritis.

Antibiotics, depending on the type, are excreted in a modified and unchanged form from the body along with urine, sometimes with bile.

Rules for taking antibacterial drugs

When taking antibiotics, certain rules must be followed. Since medications are often the cause of allergic reactions, they must be taken with great care. If the patient knows in advance that he has an allergy, he should immediately inform the attending physician about it.

In addition to allergies, there may be other side effects when taking antibiotics. If they were observed in the past, it is also necessary to inform the doctor about this.

In cases where there is a need to receive another medicinal product together with an antibiotic, the doctor should know about it. There are often cases of incompatibility of drugs with each other, or the drug reduced the effect of the antibiotic, as a result of which the treatment was ineffective.

During pregnancy and breastfeeding many antibiotics are prohibited. But there are medications that can be taken during these periods. But the doctor must be informed about the fact and feeding the baby with breast milk.

Before taking, you must read the instructions. The dosage prescribed by the doctor should be strictly observed, otherwise, if the dose is too large, poisoning may occur, and if the dose is too small, resistance of bacteria to the antibiotic may develop.

You can not interrupt the course of taking the drug ahead of time... Symptoms of the disease may return, but in this case, this antibiotic will no longer help. You will need to change it to another. Recovery can long time do not step on. This rule especially applies to antibiotics with bacteriostatic action.

It is important to observe not only the dosage, but also the time of taking the drug. If the instructions indicate that you need to drink the medicine with meals, then this is how the drug is better absorbed by the body.

Along with antibiotics, doctors often prescribe prebiotics and probiotics. This is done in order to restore normal microflora intestines, which are adversely affected by antibacterial drugs. Probiotics and prebiotics treat intestinal dysbiosis.

It is also important to remember that at the first sign of an allergic reaction such as itchy skin, urticaria, swelling of the larynx and face, shortness of breath, you should immediately consult a doctor.

If the antibiotic does not help within 3-4 days, this also serves as a reason to seek medical attention. Perhaps the drug is not suitable for the treatment of this disease.

List of new generation antibiotics

There are a lot of antibiotics on sale now. It's easy to get lost in such a variety. New generation drugs include the following:

Sumamed
Amoxiclav
Avelox
Cefixime
Rulid
Ciprofloxacin
Lincomycin
Fusidin
Klacid
Hemomycin
Roxylor
Cefpirome
Moxifloxacin
Meropenem

These antibiotics belong to different families or groups of antibacterial drugs. These groups are:

Macrolides - Sumamed, Hemomycin, Rulid
Amoxicillin group - Amoxiclav
Cephalosporins - Cefpirome
Fluoroquinol group - Moxifloxacin
Carbapenems - Meropenem

All new generation antibiotics are broad-spectrum drugs. They are highly effective and have a minimum of side effects.

The treatment period is on average 5-10 days, but especially severe cases can be increased up to one month.

Side effects

Side effects may occur when taking antibacterial drugs. If they are pronounced, you must immediately stop taking the drug and consult your doctor.

To the most common side effects antibiotics include:

Nausea
Vomiting
Stomach ache
Dizziness
Headache
Hives or rashes on the body
Itchy skin
Toxic effects on the liver individual groups antibiotics
Toxic effects on the gastrointestinal tract
Endotoxin shock
Intestinal dysbiosis, in which there is diarrhea or constipation
Decreased immunity and weakening of the body (brittle nails, hair)

Since antibiotics a large number of possible side effects, they must be taken with great care. It is unacceptable to self-medicate, this can result in serious consequences.

Especially precautions should be taken when treating children and the elderly with antibiotics. In the presence of allergies, antihistamines should be taken along with antibacterial drugs.

Treatment with any antibiotics, even of the new generation, always seriously affects health. Of course, they relieve the main infectious disease, but the general immunity is also significantly reduced. After all, not only pathogens die, but also the normal microflora.

It will take some time to restore the defenses. If side effects are pronounced, especially those related to the gastrointestinal tract, then a gentle diet will be required.

It is mandatory to take prebiotics and probiotics (Linex, Bifidumbacterin, Acipol, Bifiform and others). The beginning of admission should be simultaneous with the beginning of taking the antibacterial drug. But after a course of antibiotics, probiotics and prebiotics should be taken for about two more weeks to colonize the intestines with beneficial bacteria.

If antibiotics are toxic to the liver, hepatoprotective agents may be advised. These drugs will restore damaged cells liver and protect healthy.

Since immunity decreases, the body is especially susceptible to colds. Therefore, you should take care not to overcool. Take immunomodulators, but it is better if they are vegetable origin(, Echinacea purpurea).

If the disease viral etiology, then antibiotics are powerless here, even with a broad spectrum of action and the latest generation... They can only serve as a prophylaxis in joining bacterial infection to viral. Antiviral drugs are used to treat viruses.

By watching the video, you will learn about antibiotics.

It is important to lead healthy image life in order to get sick less and less often to resort to antibiotic treatment. The main thing is not to overdo it with the use of antibacterial drugs in order to prevent the emergence of bacteria resistance to them. Otherwise, it will be impossible to cure any.

Antibiotics or antibacterial drugs - the name of a group of drugs that are used in the treatment of diseases caused by microorganisms. Their discovery took place in the 20th century and became a real sensation. Antimicrobial agents were considered a panacea for all known infections, a miracle cure for terrible diseases that have plagued humanity for thousands of years. Due to their high efficiency, antibacterial agents are still actively used in medicine for the treatment of infectious diseases. Their prescription has become so commonplace that many people buy over-the-counter antibiotics at the pharmacy on their own, without waiting for a doctor's recommendation. But we must not forget that their reception is accompanied by a number of features that affect the result of treatment and human health. What you definitely need to know before using antibiotics, as well as the peculiarities of treatment with this group medications we'll take a closer look at this article.

It is interesting! Depending on the origin, all antibacterial drugs are divided into synthetic, semi-synthetic, chemotherapy drugs and antibiotics. Chemotherapy or synthetic drugs are obtained in laboratory conditions... In contrast, antibiotics are the waste products of microorganisms. But, despite this, for a long time the term "antibiotic" in medical practice is considered a full synonym for "antibacterial agent" and has a general free distribution.

What are antibiotics?

Antibiotics are special substances that selectively affect some microorganisms, inhibiting their vital activity. Their main task is to stop the multiplication of bacteria and gradually destroy them. It is implemented by disrupting the synthesis of harmful DNA.

There are several types of effects that antibacterial agents can have: bacteriostatic and bactericidal.

Bactericidal action. It indicates the ability of drugs to damage the cell membrane of bacteria and cause their death. The bactericidal mechanism of action is typical for Klabaks, Sumamed, Isofra, Tsifran and other similar antibiotics.
Bacteriostatic action. It is based on the suppression of protein synthesis, suppression of the reproduction of microorganisms and is used in the treatment, as well as prevention infectious complications... The bacteriostatic effect is exerted by Unidox Solutab, Doxycycline, Tetracycline hydrochloride, Biseptol, etc.

Ideally, antibiotics block vital important functions harmful cells without negatively affecting the cells of the host organism. This is facilitated by unique property of this group of drugs - selective toxicity. Due to the vulnerability of the bacterial cell wall, substances that disrupt its synthesis or integrity are toxic to microorganisms, but harmless to the cells of the host organism. The exception is potent antibiotics, the use of which is accompanied by adverse reactions.

In order to get only a positive effect from treatment, antibiotic therapy should be based on the following principles:

The principle of rationality. Correct identification of the microorganism plays a key role in the treatment of an infectious disease, therefore, in no case should you choose an antibacterial drug yourself. See your doctor. Medical specialist based on the tests and personal examination, he will determine the type of bacteria and prescribe the appropriate highly specialized medicine for you.
The umbrella principle. It is used when there is no possibility of identifying a microorganism. The patient is prescribed broad-spectrum antibacterial drugs that are effective against most of the most likely pathogens. In this case, combination therapy is considered the most optimal, which reduces the risk of developing resistance of the microorganism to the antibacterial agent.
The principle of individualization. When appointing antibacterial therapy it is necessary to take into account all factors related to the patient: his age, gender, localization of infection, pregnancy, and other concomitant diseases... It is equally important to choose the optimal route of drug administration for timely and effective result... It is considered that oral administration medications are acceptable for moderate infections, and parenteral administration optimal in extreme cases and in acute infectious diseases.

General rules for taking antibacterial drugs

Exists general rules antibiotic treatment that should not be neglected to maximize positive effect.

Rule # 1. The most important rule of thumb in antibiotic therapy is that all medications must be prescribed by a healthcare professional.
Rule # 2. It is forbidden to take antibiotics for viral infections, since there is a possibility of the opposite effect - aggravation of the course of a viral disease.
Rule # 3. You should follow the prescribed course of treatment as carefully as possible. It is recommended that you take your medications at approximately the same time of day. In no case should you stop taking them on your own, even if you begin to feel much better, as the disease may return.
Rule # 4. Do not adjust dosage during treatment. A decrease in the dose can cause the development of bacterial resistance to this group of drugs, and an increase is fraught with an overdose.
Rule # 5. If the medicine is presented in the form of a tablet, then it should be washed down with 0.5 - 1 glass of water. Do not take antibiotics with other drinks: milk, tea, etc., as they reduce the effectiveness of medications. Remember well that you cannot drink milk when elevated temperature, as it will not be completely digested and can provoke vomiting.
Rule # 6. Develop your system and the sequence of taking the drugs prescribed for you so that there is approximately the same time interval between their use.
Rule # 7. It is not recommended to play sports during antibiotic therapy, therefore, during treatment, reduce physical exercise or exclude them entirely.
Rule # 8. Alcoholic drinks and antibiotics are incompatible, so give up alcohol until you are fully recovered.

Should children be treated with antibiotics?

According to the latest statistics in Russia, 70-85% of children suffering from viral diseases receive antibiotics due to unprofessional treatment. Despite the fact that taking antibacterial drugs contributes to the development bronchial asthma, it is these medications that are the most "popular" method of treatment. Therefore, parents should be careful at the doctor's appointment and ask the specialist questions if you have doubts about the appointment. antibacterial agents to kid. You yourself should understand that the pediatrician, while prescribing a long list of medications for the baby, protects only himself, insures himself in case of complications, etc. After all, if the child becomes worse, then the responsibility for the fact that he “did not cure” or “did not heal well” falls on the doctor.

Unfortunately, such a model of behavior is increasingly common among domestic doctors, who are trying not to cure a child, but to “heal” him. Be careful and remember that antibiotics are only prescribed to treat bacterial, not viral diseases... You should know that only you care about your child's health. A week or a month later, when you come back for an appointment with another disease, which arose against the background of immunity weakened by the previous "treatment", doctors will only welcome you indifferently and prescribe a long list of medicines again.

Antibiotics: benefit or harm?

The belief that antibiotics are extremely harmful to human health makes sense. But it is only valid if wrong treatment when there is no need to prescribe antibacterial drugs. Despite the fact that this group of drugs is now in free admission, being sold over the counter through the pharmacy network, in no case should you take antibiotics on your own or at your own discretion. They can only be prescribed by a doctor in case of a serious bacterial infection.

If there is serious illness accompanied by high temperature and other symptoms confirming the severity of the disease - it is impossible to delay or refuse antibiotics, referring to the fact that they are harmful. In many cases, antibacterial agents save a person's life, prevent the development serious complications... The main thing is to approach antibiotic treatment wisely.

Below is a list of popular antibacterial agents, instructions for which are presented on our website. Just follow the link in the list for instructions and recommendations for the use of this drug.

There is a widespread misconception among people who are confronted with medicine solely in the role of patients that antibiotics are a panacea for colds, and in case of severe malaise, you cannot do without taking them. This is not entirely true. Indeed, antibiotics are strong drugs, which can effectively eliminate the growth in the number of pathogens, but in most cases of colds, they are useless.

The most powerful antibiotics

Strong antibiotic is more complicated than it seems at first glance. The fact is that antibiotics are classified into groups based on their chemical structure. Among this group of drugs there are both drugs synthesized in laboratories and those obtained from natural raw materials, but most often there is an intermediate option - natural substance stabilized by laboratory methods.

Each of these substances is effective against a specific range of bacteria. The most powerful antibiotics are broad-spectrum drugs that are effective against both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. However, the use of such drugs is far from always justified - as a rule, broad-spectrum antibiotics are highly toxic to the body and negatively affect its microflora.

The most powerful antibiotic in the world is Cefepim, a fourth-generation cephalosporin drug. Its high efficiency is ensured not only due to a wide range of pathogens, which are affected by the substance, but also due to the novelty of the compound. It is administered in injections, because it is produced in the form active substance for breeding.

The fact is that bacteria are rapidly mutating creatures that can change the configuration of the organisms of subsequent generations in such a way that the drugs will lose their effectiveness in the fight against such mutated bacteria. Therefore, antibiotics with the newest structure will always be more effective than previous drugs, with rare exceptions.

Strong antibiotics for colds

Treatment is justified only if, after a viral infection, the patient has developed a bacterial complication of the disease. This often happens due to a decrease in immunity. A viral infection weakens the body and makes it more susceptible to infection, and even a small strain of the pathogen becomes enough for the bacteria to infect.

Often, in such situations, even the strongest antibiotic may not help the patient to recover, because it is necessary in addition to it to carry out antiviral therapy... Antibiotics do not help in the case of an uncomplicated viral infection. If ARVI was diagnosed, i.e. the so-called "cold", then the treatment is symptomatic.

Viruses, unlike bacteria, do not have specific means treatment. The engine of the healing process is the forces of natural immune system person. Therefore, when treating viral infections it is important to stay at home, observe bed rest and avoid potential contamination situations, i.e. public places.

Antibiotics in pills

The strongest antibiotics in pills may belong to different groups funds. Tablets, i.e. oral form of the drug are the most convenient for use. They do not require sterility and special skills, the patient can take them on their own while on outpatient treatment... However, they can not always be used, for example, it is undesirable to take pills for gastrointestinal diseases.

Let's list some of the strongest today:

Avelox;
Cefixime;
Amoxiclav;
Rulid;
Unidox Solutab;
Sumamed.

When choosing a medicine, you should not be guided only by the known name of the antibiotic. The selection of pills should be done by the doctor, based on the results of the analysis, the patient's condition, the susceptibility of a particular antibiotic strain to a particular drug, as well as other indicators.

Consider the main groups the latest antibiotics, which have a wider application than all the previous ones, due to their high rates.

Antibiotics of the cephalosporin series are the most powerful drugs with a wide spectrum of action. Over the course of their development, these drugs have passed several generations:

1st generation. Cefazolin, Cefadroxil, Cefalexin are drugs that work against staphylococci.
2nd generation. Cefaclor, Cefuroxime, Cefamandol - drugs that can eliminate E. coli and Haemophilus influenzae.
III generation. Ceftibuten, Ceftazidime, Cefotaxime, Ceftriaxone are used in the treatment of pneumonia and infections of the pelvic organs, incl. pyelonephritis.
IV generation. Cefepim. An effective but toxic drug from the entire group. Medicines based on Cefepime can have side effects such as nephrotoxicity, i.e. Negative influence on the kidneys, which can lead to a decrease in their function to the point of failure.

In general, cephalosporins are among the most safe means among antibiotics with minimal side effects, but it is still serious medications, which, without due attention to the rules of their use, can harm, not benefit health.

Macrolides

These drugs are prescribed for damage to the body associated with gram-positive bacteria. They are also considered broad-spectrum antibiotics because within the group of gram-positive bacteria, they are effective against several groups of pathogens.

We list the popular drugs of the group:

Azithromycin;
Josamycin;
Oleandomycin;
Erythromycin.

Macrolides act bacteriostatically, i.e. they stop the multiplication of bacteria, allowing the body's natural forces to destroy pathogens. This principle of action is the least toxic to humans and their normal microflora, and at the same time highly effective. For macrolides, disadvantages are uncharacteristic about low concentrations in the tissues. The drug accumulates quickly and is retained in the cells for a long time, which allows using minimally effective dose avoiding intoxication of the body.

Fluoroquinolones

- antibiotics, the positive feature of which is rapid tissue permeability and long-term high concentration in the body. They are represented by two generations of substances:

1st generation. Effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and a wide range of gram-negative bacteria.
2nd generation. Second-generation fluoroquinolones are also effective against many Gram-negative bacteria, but are not effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Doctors prescribe drugs in this group for a wide variety of infectious diseases: chlamydia, tuberculosis, purulent tissue lesions, etc.

Penicillins

Penicillins are the very first drugs discovered by mankind against bacteria. Penicillins are recognized as the most powerful - they have great power in the fight against pathogens and act on a wide range of bacteria. These drugs are well excreted, and therefore are considered low toxic. However, today, despite the fact that these are very strong antibiotics, many bacteria have learned to produce an enzyme - penicillase, as a result of which the drugs of this group do not work on them.

Common drugs in this group are:

Amoxicillin;
Ampiox;
Oxacillin;
Ampicillin.

Some doctors still use drugs in this group in their daily practice, however, most physicians are inclined to believe that it makes no sense to prescribe penicillins now when there are drugs that are much less toxic to the patient. The spread of penicillins in our country is associated with two factors: the "old school" of doctors who are not accustomed to trusting new drugs, and the low cost of penicillins in comparison with modern groups medicines.

Thus, today's pharmaceutical market offers several options for groups of powerful antibiotics. Each of them, to a greater or lesser extent, covers a wide range of bacteria against which it acts.

In order for the treatment to be safe and effective, the patient undergoes a PCR test, during which laboratory technicians will empirically find out which group of drugs is best suited for treatment.

For colds, it is unreasonable to use broad-spectrum drugs, as a rule, they are too toxic. Such drugs are necessary for complex bacterial lesions, when two or more types of bacteria act simultaneously.

More than half existing diseases caused by pathogenic viruses or bacteria that enter the body and disrupt the constancy of it internal environment... For the treatment of such infections, various antimicrobial drugs, which are the largest group of medicines. They cause the death of fungi, bacteria, viruses, and also inhibit the growth and reproduction of pathogenic microorganisms. Antimicrobial agents, unlike antibacterial agents, prevent the development of a wider range of harmful organisms.

Types of drugs and their features

Antimicrobial drugs have a number of things in common specific features and are divided into several types depending on:

From the field of application (antiseptic, disinfectant)
Directions of action (antifungal, antiviral)
Method of production (antibiotics, synthetic products, natural medicines).

Before prescribing antibiotics, check the sensitivity of microflora to drug and identify the causative agent of the infection. It is advisable to start treatment as early as possible, until the immunity is completely destroyed, and the amount harmful bacteria in the body is not so great. Often, such drugs are prescribed for various diseases skin caused by staphylococci and streptococci, as well as with fever, headache, chills.

Synthetic drugs are usually prescribed in the presence of antibiotic intolerance or lack of microflora response to them. They are highly potent antimicrobials and are often used for infections gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract and the genitourinary system.
Natural remedies help to avoid certain diseases and are used in preventive purposes... These are infusions of herbs, berries, honey and more.

Choosing a drug

When choosing a medicine for microbes, analysis data, the age of the patient, and the tolerance of the components of the drug are taken into account. During the entire course of treatment, the dynamics of the symptoms of infection is monitored, as well as the appearance of undesirable consequences. It can be allergic reactions in the form of urticaria or dermatitis, as well as dysbiosis, renal failure, cholestasis, gastritis, colitis. The instructions for use contain the entire list of side effects for each remedy. The doctor prescribes the appropriate doses and route of administration of the drug that eliminate or minimize the risk negative impact on the patient's body.
Despite the fact that each instruction for use contains information on indications for use and the required doses of the medication, you should not self-medicate. If you choose wrong antimicrobial agents, the number of bacteria in the body will only increase, allergic reactions and dysbiosis may appear.