Dysbacteriosis after antibiotics: symptoms and treatment. Normal microflora and antibiotic therapy. Consequences of antibiotic treatment

How to restore the body after taking antibacterial agents?

Body microflora: what is it?

V modern science microflora human body- this complex of microorganisms that take part in its life. The complex of beneficial microorganisms consists of half a thousand species of bacteria and weighs 3-4 kg. 2/3 of useful microflora obscures inner surface intestines, the rest covers the skin and genitourinary organs.

Intestinal microflora functions

• Provides the body's immune response to pathogenic bacteria and viruses.
• Cleansing of toxins from the intestines and the body as a whole.
• Regulation of water and electrolyte metabolism.
• Regulation of gas formation in the intestine.
• Production of vitamins.
• Production of hormones.
• Ensuring the assimilation of vitamins, iron and calcium by the body.

Destruction of microflora: consequences

Antibacterial drugs (antibiotics) can destroy pathogenic bacteria that cause inflammation of organs and tissues and intoxication when the body is damaged by staphylococci, streptococci, pneumococci, etc. It is impossible to cure bacterial infections without the help of antibiotics. However, antibiotics do not have a selective effect, but destroy all microorganisms inhabiting the body indiscriminately. After antibiotics, dysbiosis requires a long - at least a month - treatment.

What are the consequences of dysbiosis for the body?

• The absorption of vitamins and minerals deteriorates, as a result, the body is weakened, Iron-deficiency anemia.
• ¾ immunity is provided by the intestinal microflora. After its destruction, the body remains defenseless against the viruses and bacteria around us.
• The normal functioning of the stomach and intestines is disrupted, which can be manifested by flatulence, diarrhea or constipation.
• The production of some vitamins and hormones stops.

Dysbacteriosis: symptoms

After taking antibiotics, dysbiosis always occurs. The severity of symptoms depends on the type of antibiotic, the duration of treatment and the characteristics of the organism.

• Disorder of the intestines: flatulence, diarrhea, constipation, abdominal pain, rumbling in the intestines.
• Weakness, lethargy.
• Decreased appetite.
• Increased body temperature.
• Skin rashes, stomatitis.

Dysbacteriosis: diagnosis

There are a number of medical studies that can be used to diagnose dysbiosis:

• coprogram;
• sowing feces for dysbiosis;
• breath test;
• bacteriological examination of the aspiration contents of the intestine and biopsy.

Dysbacteriosis: treatment

Modern medicine does not recognize dysbiosis as an independent disease - only a painful condition of the body accompanying any disease.

Dysbiosis always occurs after antibiotics, treatment takes at least a month. This is the minimum period for restoring the normal balance of beneficial / harmful bacteria in the intestine, in some cases, the body's recovery takes up to 6 months.

The treatment of dysbiosis is carried out in a complex manner in several directions, aimed at restoring the intestinal microflora, normalizing the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract and the body's immune forces.

Drug treatment of dysbiosis

There are a number of medications that contain substances to help restore a healthy intestinal balance.

Prebiotics are not digested by the intestines - they are the nutritional basis for the growth of beneficial microflora. Prebiotics include lactulose, galactose, oligosaccharides, inulin, fructose isomers.

Prebiotics contains the drug Duphalac and dietary supplements with oligosaccharides: Normaza, Lactusan, Prebio.

Probiotics - medical drugs that contain complexes of live cultures of bacteria. They are unable to colonize the intestines and restore the natural microflora. Their task is to suppress the growth of pathogenic bacteria and restore a healthy balance of the intestines.

One-component preparations contain only one culture of microflora: Lactobacterin, Colibacterin, Bifidumbacterin. The course of treatment is days.

Symbiotics contain several varieties beneficial bacteria: Linex, Bifiform, Bifikol. The course of treatment is 14 days.

Drugs that inhibit the growth of pathogenic microflora... The bacteria that make up the drug are not natural for the body, but they suppress the growth of pathogenic microorganisms in the intestine: Enterol, Bactisporin, Bactisubtil. The course of treatment is 5-6 days.

Combined drugs contain bacteria and immunomodulators necessary for the body: Bifiliz, Acipol. The course of treatment is up to 2 weeks.

Synbiotics contain cultures of beneficial bacteria and prebiotics necessary for their development: Laminolact, Maltodofilus, Bifido-bac. The course of treatment is 3 weeks.

In a severe course of dysbiosis, drugs are needed that suppress the reproduction of pathogenic microorganisms in the intestine.

Intetrix - the drug is taken for 3-5 days, 3-4 doses, 2 capsules per day.

Enterofuril, Ersefuril (nifuroxazide preparations) - the course of treatment is a week, for one dose of 200 mg, four times a day.

These are viruses that infect harmful bacteria. They are taken orally or as enemas. Today, the following bacteriophages are used: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococcal, proteic and coliprotein.

Antibiotics will be prescribed for the abnormal development of pathogenic microflora in the intestine. Only a doctor prescribes an antibiotic based on the results of tests for sensitivity to microorganisms.

Dysbacteriosis always leads to hypovitaminosis, therefore, multivitamin complexes Multitabs, Dekamevit, etc. are prescribed.

Dysbacteriosis leads to a significant decrease in the body's immune forces, therefore, the intake of immunostimulants is very important. You can use natural preparations: propolis extract, lemongrass tincture, Eleutherococcus or Echinacea.

Dysbacteriosis: diet

When dysbiosis occurs after antibiotics, diet has a big impact on restoring a healthy balance of the intestines. Doctors recommend taking food regularly, at least 4 times a day.

Products useful for dysbiosis:

• fresh vegetables and fruits;
• cereals (cereals, muesli, foods with whole grains of wheat, rice, oats, etc.);
• bran (sold in pharmacies);
• fermented milk products: kefir, live yogurt, cottage cheese.

Baking and pastries, fatty meats, hot spices, carbonated drinks, strong tea and coffee harm the body.

Dysbacteriosis: prevention

In order for the body to resist the harmful effects of antibacterial drugs, you need to support it from the first days of taking antibiotics - take drugs along with the antibiotic that help restore a healthy balance of microflora in the intestine.

It is much easier to cure dysbiosis after taking antibiotics if you take preventive measures from the first day of taking antibiotics.

Remedy for dysbiosis when taking antibiotics

Dysbacteriosis, or dysbiosis, is a condition in which there is a change in the qualitative or quantitative composition of the microflora that normally inhabits the human body. It can be caused by inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, infectious diseases, or taking certain medications.

Features of drugs for dysbiosis

In itself, an imbalance in the microflora is not a disease, but it should not be left unattended. After all, it is beneficial bacteria that provide you with strong immunity and produce many necessary vitamins and minerals. Often the microflora suffers due to antibiotics that your doctor may prescribe for you to treat various infectious diseases.

Antibiotics kill the good bacteria in your gut. In their place, pathogenic flora can develop, which causes digestive problems, gas formation and stagnation. Sometimes dysbiosis can affect other organs as well.

Unfortunately, selective antibiotics that would only affect harmful microorganisms have not yet been invented. But how then can you protect yourself from such unpleasant side effects? What to drink with antibiotics for dysbiosis?

Today there are several groups of drugs that allow you to preserve or restore useful microflora. The specific agent is selected based on the composition and characteristics of its action.

Probiotics

These include drugs that contain live or dried beneficial bacteria. Sometimes they are also called eubiotics. All probiotics can be roughly divided into two groups:

• Containing only bifidobacteria or lactobacilli, such as Bifidumbacterin or Lactobacterin preparations, which are available in powders for oral administration.
• Containing, in addition to bifidobacteria and lactobacilli, other additional components, such as, for example, the drug Acipol, which also contains kefir fungus, or Linex and Bifiform preparations, in which there are enterococci.
• Containing other types of bacteria, for example, Bactisubtil, which contains the bacterium Bacillus cereus, or Bactistatin, the main component of which is the dried mass of microorganisms Bacillus Subtilis.

The action of probiotics is based on the fact that bacteria from the drug simply make up for the loss of beneficial flora, and additional components, such as enterococci, prevent the strong growth of pathogenic microorganisms. Thus, even when taking antibiotics, the normal microflora is quickly restored and dysbiosis, as a rule, does not bother you.

Probiotics are good for almost everyone. They drink them both during pregnancy and during feeding. The only contraindication to use is an allergy to the components of the drugs.

However, for people with autoimmune diseases, probiotics should be approached with caution. Since bacteria entering in large quantities can put a strong strain on the immune system.

If you develop a rash, cold symptoms, headache, or severe distress while taking probiotics. It is better to consult a doctor, perhaps the prescribed drug is not suitable for you.

Prebiotics

Prebiotic capsules or tablets contain substances that bacteria feed on. That is, these drugs help your own microflora multiply and grow faster, supplying it with everything it needs. Depending on the composition, the funds of this group are divided into:

• Containing oligosaccharides such as lactulose, which is especially good for the development of bifidobacteria. These drugs include, for example, Enterol or Lactofiltrum. This also sometimes includes Duphalac, Prelax or Normase, which are laxatives, but nevertheless contain lactulose in their composition, which means they also help the microflora.
• Preparations containing polysaccharides, which are the main energy substrate for many beneficial bacteria. This group includes preparations containing inulin, for example, Inulin-forte or cellulose, as in the MCC preparation.
• Preparations containing special dietary fiber, in particular the very fiber that is found in vegetables, fruits and leafy greens and which is also very necessary for your microflora. Such funds include Fitomucil, which contains powder from plum fruits and psyllium seed husks.

The main advantage of prebiotics is that they do not populate the body with useful, but still foreign bacteria, but force their own microflora to multiply.

Therefore, negative reactions to them develop less often than to probiotics.

Other preparations for the preservation of microflora

Probitics and prebiotics are not the only drugs that can help preserve beneficial microflora. There is another group of drugs for dysbiosis when taking antibiotics - these are complex drugs that, in addition to bacteria, may also contain vitamins, amino acids or trace elements. All these substances are also necessary for your body, especially during antibiotic treatment. These drugs include Eubikor, Bion-3 or Alphabet with prebiotics.

Another alternative to drugs with bacteria can be the new kind antibiotics - eco-antibiotics. The tablets of this remedy, in addition to the antibiotic itself, also contain a prebiotic - lactulose and thus has a double effect on the body. Antibiotic kills pathogenic bacteria, and lactulose stimulates the growth of normal microflora. This group, for example, includes drugs such as Ekobol, Ecositrin or Ekoclav.

Admission rules

However, no matter what drug the doctor prescribes for you, in order for the action to be effective, it must be taken correctly. Namely:

• Do not take medications containing bacteria with hot water, as much as possible. admissible temperature should be no higher than 45 C.
• Do not stop taking the drug immediately after the end of the antibiotic course, it usually takes time for the microflora to recover.
• Do not drink microflora recovery drugs along with antibiotics. At least two hours should pass between taking these funds.

Observe the dosage of drugs prescribed by the doctor and the duration of the course. Do not change your own funds for others. Even if your best friend I drank them and says that they are better. If you follow these simple rules, then antibiotic treatment will pass without unpleasant consequences.

Dysbacteriosis after antibiotic treatment

Dysbacteriosis after antibiotics in adults and children: signs, complications, diagnosis and therapy, diet

Dysbacteriosis is one of the common phenomena in the digestive system.

• Symptoms of dysbiosis
• Diagnosing dysbiosis after taking antibiotics
• Treatment activities

There are many reasons that can affect the change in the flora of the intestinal cavity. But often dysbiosis develops from antibiotics.

What are the reasons for the development of this condition and how to quickly overcome it?

The effect of antibacterial agents on the intestinal flora

Most often, dysbiosis develops after taking antibiotics. It can equally occur in both adults and children of different ages.

Its manifestation is influenced by some types of antibacterial medicines:

1. Tetracycline group. When these drugs are taken, the condition of the mucous membrane of the intestinal cavity and its surface layer is disturbed. As a result, the body begins to develop harmful microbes, namely staphylococci, candida and clostridia.
2. Aminopenicillin group. Dysbacteriosis when taking antibiotics is caused by the active reproduction of streptococcal and staphylococcal infections.
3. Aminoglycoside group. The symptomatology of this disease occurs as a result of the suspension of the growth of normal flora.
4. Fungicidal group. When such funds are taken in the human body, an increased level of Proteus bacteria and Escherichia is observed.

Intestinal dysbiosis after antibiotics manifests itself in any situation, regardless of how correctly and correctly the medication is selected.

The cure of the disease will be more effective if the patient seeks a specialist in a timely manner.

Usually, his symptoms last about thirty days.

The function of microflora in the intestinal cavity and adverse consequences

Each organ in the human body performs its own function. The same can be said about the flora of the intestinal cavity.

Thanks to it, several important functions are provided in the form:

• ensuring the body's immune response to harmful bacteria and viruses;
• cleaning the intestinal cavity from toxic substances;
• regulation of the water-electrolyte process;
• regulation of gas formation in the intestinal cavity;
• the production of vitamins and minerals;
• production of hormones;
• ensuring the assimilation of vitamins, iron and calcium by the body.

But if dysbiosis manifests itself after antibiotics, then various complications begin to appear.

The thing is that antibacterial medicines lead to the destruction of pathogenic bacteria. Then a pathological process is caused in the internal organs and intoxication of the body with streptococcal and other bacterial infections.

It is clear that antibiotics will not help to treat the disease without additional therapy. That is why, so that the function of the intestinal cavity does not deteriorate, it is necessary to take appropriate medications.

What can happen with dysbiosis while taking antibiotics?

First of all, there is a deterioration in the absorption of vitamins and minerals, as a result of which the immune function is weakened and the first signs of iron deficiency anemia appear.

Experts say that almost half of the state of the immune function depends on the intestinal microflora. When it is destroyed, the body becomes defenseless against the external environment and microbes.

There is a disruption in the normal functioning of the digestive system, which is manifested by flatulence, diarrhea and constipation.

There is also a gradual cessation of the production of some hormones.

Symptoms of dysbiosis

This ailment affects not only the intestinal cavity, but also the genital area.

Therefore, the symptoms of dysbiosis in adults lie in:

• stool disorders. It manifests itself in the form of diarrhea or long-term constipation. Their alternation is often observed;
• severe bloating and the development of flatulence;
• itching sensation in the anal area.

Dysbacteriosis in children is also characterized by other signs in the form of:

• the occurrence of mushy stools. Moreover, it has a bad smell;
• the predominance of foam in the feces;
• the strongest painful sensations in a stomach;
• raising temperature indicators;
• nausea and weakness;
• poor sleep and lack of appetite.

Dysbacteriosis after antibiotics in infants is often manifested by excessive anxiety, increased moodiness and crying for no reason. In this case, the baby has discomfort in the stomach, as a result of which he shakes his legs.

During the examination of the anus, reddening of the skin and irritation is observed. Uncomfortable feelings appear after eating. This phenomenon is also characterized by rumbling in the stomach, gas formation.

In newborns, dysbiosis manifests itself in the form of regular regurgitation and poor weight gain. This process is very dangerous, as it threatens dehydration. Therefore, you should pay attention to a sign of dysbiosis and consult a doctor in a timely manner.

If an adult or a child has dysbiosis after antibiotics, treatment should be started immediately. But before you start taking medications, you need to contact a specialist and undergo an examination.

Diagnosis of dysbiosis consists in carrying out:

• bacteriological examination of feces;
• contrast x-ray examination;
• sigmoidoscopy. The technique is based on examining the intestine using special device, which is inserted into the rectum thirty centimeters;
• colonoscopy. This method consists in examining the intestine with a device that is inserted into the rectum about one meter.

With intestinal dysbiosis, PCR, mass spectral analysis and analysis of the parietal flora are usually also performed. To identify the degree of dysbiosis, it is necessary to find out which bacteria predominate to a greater extent.

Currently, two types of research are used in practice - bacteriological and metabolic:

1. The bacteriological type of examination reveals only ten percent of microbes. The result after delivery will be ready in seven days.
2. The metabolic method is based on the determination of substances that are released by microorganisms in the course of their vital activity. Although this technique is simple, it is very effective. And the result after passing the analysis will be ready in a few hours.

Treatment activities

Treatment of dysbiosis after taking antibiotics is usually treated with specialized drugs that contain beneficial bacteria. Probiotics and prebiotics are often prescribed.

Prebiotics enter the body with food. They are not digested in the intestinal cavity, but are considered an excellent breeding ground for flora. Probiotics are found in foods like onions, garlic, corn, and milk.

The effects of probiotics are aimed at inhibiting the growth and reproduction of harmful microbes. They are made up of live bacteria that do not colonize the intestinal cavity. If the dysbiosis is severe, then such drugs are simply powerless.

How to treat dysbiosis? What drugs are there for dysbiosis? Treatment of dysbiosis after antibiotics is carried out with the help of intestinal antiseptic, the effect of which is aimed at suppressing the growth and reproduction of bacteria. They do not affect the desired bacteria in the intestinal cavity.

The attending physician prescribes such good drugs as Intetrix and Nifuroxzid:

1. The first drug belongs to derivatives of three quinolones. The duration of the treatment course is no more than five days.
2. The second one belongs to the group of nitrofurans. The duration of the treatment process is seven days. Moreover, it must be taken at least four times a day.

What to drink with antibiotics? How to treat dysbiosis in children?

It is best to use antibacterial agents in conjunction with drugs that contain beneficial bacteria. For the treatment of dysbiosis in children, Linex, Normabact, Bifiform or Bifikol are often prescribed. They belong to the group of symbiotics and contain several types of beneficial bacteria.

Adults drink these funds for at least seven days, and the child should be given up to two weeks.

If the disease in children was caused due to viral infection, then treat dysbiosis after antibiotics and antiviral agents with the help of bacteriophages.

Diet for dysbiosis

If dysbiosis manifests itself after antibiotics in a child, then Special attention it is better to give a specialized diet, since pills do not always help to overcome the disease.

You need to eat food in small portions up to five times a day. In this case, the diet should include fresh fruits and vegetables, cereals, bran.

Often, dysbiosis in children is caused by products in the form of baked goods, strong tea and coffee, fatty meats, hot spices, soda and sweets. Therefore, they should be significantly limited in consumption.

Prevention of dysbiosis when taking antibiotics is to use fermented milk products... Therefore, at this time we drink kefir, yogurt without additives and eat cottage cheese.

Whatever medicine for dysbiosis after antibiotics is prescribed by the attending physician, you need to adhere to a strict dosage to cure the disease. Often this ailment occurs in children after antibiotics, therefore, special attention is paid to nutrition, management healthy way life and health promotion.

Antibiotics and dysbiosis often stand next to each other, because such agents lead to the destruction of not only bad microflora, but also useful ones.

Dysbacteriosis after taking antibiotics, treatment and diet

Really serious problems with the intestinal flora can cause severe infectious diseases, intoxication or medications. In particular, with medicines, antibiotics cause the greatest harm to the human body. They contribute to the suppression of favorable flora, which naturally causes the development of negative and conditionally pathogenic flora.

In hospitals, dysbacteriosis after antibiotics is experienced by postoperative patients, patients with infectious diseases hospitals and other departments. But in hospitals, these processes are monitored, while home treatment with commercially available antibiotics can cause uncontrolled dysbiosis and development serious problems... To exclude dysbiosis after antibiotics, it is necessary to use probiotics or symbiotics in parallel with the drugs - drugs that simulate the microflora. But getting carried away with drugs for the treatment of dysbiosis after taking antibiotics is not particularly worth it, because the body can get used to the fact that it needs to independently produce the necessary substances.

Treatment of dysbiosis after taking antibiotics

Active drug treatment with dysbiosis. In the presence of diseases that require serious complex treatment, dysbiosis is inevitable. During similar treatment it is imperative to monitor the intestines and digestive tract. Moreover, the doctor proposes measures to support the body, and they should not be ignored.

Living in a city in complete absence spa treatment, can lead to slagging of the body, which will primarily affect the intestines and cause dysbiosis. Therefore, take the time and go not to a barbecue with a drink, but to a sanatorium for mineral waters.

Get treatment once a year in a sanatorium on mineral waters. The specialization of the sanatorium does not have to be gastroenterology, but it doesn't hurt. Mineral water can be drunk in everyday life, today such waters are available in almost every pharmacy.

Use food enzymes twice a week. This will help to establish digestion, but will not let the body "wean" from independent work. When you carry out the treatment of dysbiosis after taking antibiotics, you can use both ready-made lactobacilli and simply complex flora stabilizers.

Dysbacteriosis after taking antibiotics - diet

The simplest thing is to stabilize your diet. To do this, it is not necessary to give up everything tasty and pleasant in your diet. You just need to introduce a few rules. You need to eat three times a day, and preferably at the same or approximately the same time. In food, you should use more vegetables and cereals than carbohydrates and products of unknown origin (semi-finished products, ready-made food, fast food). Try to eat vegetables with dysbiosis if all year long then at least in season.

In the treatment of the causes of dysbiosis, you can use some of the techniques traditional medicine as a preventive measure. These measures will not require such intensity as during treatment, which will make them much more pleasant. For example, ferment cabbage without vinegar and eat it with fried and heavy food... Use chicory and parsley in cooking. Make yourself chamomile and plantain tea every three days and drink about a liter per day. After eating, you can swallow a pea of ​​black pepper or a clove of garlic.

So, in general terms, it looks like the prevention of dysbiosis, which can really help you cope with the threat of intestinal upset. Even using one measure from the list will make you closer to health and longevity, so do not be lazy and implement the method you like into everyday life.

Stages of intestinal dysbiosis

What should be feared in the context of dysbiosis caused by complex antibiotic intake?

Dysbacteriosis of drug origin can have four stages. At the first stage, it differs little from any other dysbiosis. On the second, he has vivid signs of gastritis. The third is characterized by the colonization of the pathogenic flora of all digestive tract, decreased immunity. The fourth stage, involving severe damage to the digestive system, with a parallel failure internal organs, most often the liver and kidneys.

Dysbacteriosis caused by antibiotics almost always provokes allergic reactions... Most often of a skin nature. Characterized by the formation of local itching, peeling, inflammation of the skin with dysbiosis. Redness and hives-type rashes may appear.

During the development of dysbiosis, there is a great load on the immune and excretory systems. If the problem is not resolved promptly, then there is a risk of additional complications. For example, hemorrhoids, skin diseases, the development of infections in the stomach and intoxication with the waste products of certain bacteria.

In addition, dysbiosis after antibiotics can cause a number of individual reactions. They can be associated with the weakness of other organs and organ systems. Therefore, dysbiosis after antibiotics should be stopped at an embryonic stage, but it is better to try to prevent it altogether.

Intestinal dysbiosis. Treatment with folk remedies. Blog of Alena Kravchenko

Hello dear readers. Intestinal dysbiosis, treatment with folk remedies, today we will touch on the topic of dysbiosis. Dysbacteriosis of the intestine is not a pleasant thing when the stomach is constantly rumbling, and besides, there is also discomfort. This is very familiar to me, especially after taking antibiotics or stress, dysbiosis manifests itself. Many do not even consider this a disease, but this is all quite serious and can lead to a number of other diseases. After all, a healthy intestine, as they say, healthy body... This spring, my mother twice pierced antibiotics and did not pay attention to her intestines, and now she is treating a "whole load" of diseases that seemed to entail dysbiosis. After all, we never pay attention to this, and it is simply vital to monitor the health of our intestines. After all, when it works like a clock, there are no problems in the body. Vitamins and all nutrients from food are normally absorbed, bowel emptying occurs on time, and all this is very important.

Intestinal dysbiosis, if we speak in plain language, this is when they die " good bacteria", And" bad bacteria "prevail. The intestinal microflora of each person is very unique and individual, it can change from the nature of the diet, due to age, lifestyle, etc. The microflora of an adult consists of lactobacilli, bifidobacteria, enterococci, bacteroids, Escherichia coli. But children, for example, are born with sterile intestines, and in the first hours of life, one can say, the intestines are colonized by microorganisms.

What can cause intestinal dysbiosis?

• Taking antibiotics and other medications.
• Constant stress.
• Intestinal infections.
• When a person is abusing alcoholic beverages.
• With insufficient intake of plant foods.
• It occurs with diseases such as pancreatitis, gastritis, cholecystitis, etc.

Why do we even need "good bacteria" and their role in the work of our intestines and the body as a whole.

What is the role of microflora in our body?

Cleans our intestines from toxins and toxins.

It synthesizes the vitamins and nutrients we need.

Promotes the renewal of intestinal cells.

They stimulate the work of the so-called lipid cells, which in turn protect our body.

The work of the intestines and immunity is directly related. After all, if the intestines do not work well, then useful substances are poorly absorbed from the intestines, toxins and toxins poison our body. And as a result, the work of the whole organism is disrupted, the result is reduced immunity.

And to normalize the bowel function, to cure intestinal dysbiosis. Treatment with folk remedies will do. Try first of all treatment with folk remedies before running to the pharmacy. We have a lot of counterfeit drugs in our pharmacy now. A nurse friend of mine told me that her friend was studying to be a pharmacist, so they decided to conduct an experiment. We bought different drugs in different pharmacies that restore the intestinal microflora, "created an environment" for the growth and reproduction of these beneficial bacteria, but nothing happened, therefore there are no "beneficial bacteria" there. Well, you decide for yourself.

Now let's look at the symptoms of dysbiosis with you. Moreover, he can manifest himself in different ways, in one person - diarrhea, in another - constipation. Every organism is different.

Intestinal dysbiosis symptoms.

• Constipation or diarrhea.
• Bloating.
• Abdominal pain.
• Sharp colic in the intestines.
• Loss of appetite, lethargy.
• Bad taste in the mouth.

Intestinal dysbiosis, treatment with folk remedies.

With such a problem as intestinal dysbiosis, drink celery juice. Take 2 teaspoons in the morning and evening before meals.

It is also useful to use Jerusalem artichoke, it stimulates well the growth and development of "beneficial microorganisms" in our intestines.

Try to eat a little, but more often. Include more fresh fruits and vegetables in your diet. Do not eat salty, smoked, fried foods. Steam or boil food.

Include in your diet, be sure, dairy products: kefir, cottage cheese, yogurt, whey.

Drink one glass of whey every morning on an empty stomach for dysbiosis.

If you have a heaviness or abdominal cramps, peppermint can do just fine. One spoon of crushed mint leaves in half a liter of boiling water, leave for 30 minutes, drink mint infusion in small sips throughout the day.

With intestinal dysbiosis, it is very useful chamomile tea, it relieves inflammation, spasms. One spoonful of flowers in a glass of boiling water. Insist, strain, drink half a glass three times a day before meals, but do not get carried away with chamomile for a long time, this is also a kind of natural antibiotic. Everything is needed in moderation.

The development and reproduction of beneficial bacteria in the intestines with dysbiosis are fresh apples. In addition, apples contain pectin substances that remove waste products from our intestines. Eat 3 sweet and sour apples a day.

For bloating, it is helpful to boil dill seed. Take 2 teaspoons of dill seeds and pour a glass of boiling water over them. You need to insist half an hour, then strain and take half a glass before meals three times a day. The course of treatment is 10 days.

On my own I can add, there are still such bacteria called "symbiter", I always buy them for myself and for my children. This is an ordinary kefir, contains lacto and bifido bacteria. It can be added to cottage cheese, fermented baked milk, kefir. It is stored only in the refrigerator, the shelf life is short, because there are live bacteria. He helped my children in 5-7 days. I will not say that completely, but the stool returned to normal and the pains and flatulence in the stomach and intestines disappeared. And then we continued to populate the intestinal microflora with folk remedies. Usually, my children have intestinal dysbiosis after taking antibiotics. Therefore, now we are very careful about antibiotics.

Get ready for the fact that intestinal dysbiosis does not go away in a couple of days. Treatment with folk remedies will bring its results, but sometimes it takes a month or two not immediately to restore the bowel function completely.

In older children, the causes of dysbiosis and its course differ from those in infants. Therefore, let's differentiate this problem by age and analyze separately dysbiosis in older children and children under one year old. This will not only facilitate the perception of the material, but also easier in terms of practical use. In this chapter, we will talk about dysbiosis in children after a year, including preschoolers and schoolchildren. You can read about dysbiosis in infants in the section "Diseases of newborns and children in the first year of life."

Intestinal microflora in children

The intestinal microflora is a variety of microorganisms (mainly bacteria) that live in the large intestine, the final section of the human digestive system. V normal conditions gut bacteria do not cause disease and are not dangerous. On the contrary, they are man's friends and companions. A warm relationship of mutual assistance is established between the organism and the microflora. Bacteria in the intestines live excellently: there are all conditions for nutrition and reproduction, since the waste products of the human body are an ideal habitat for them. And such cohabitation is beneficial for a person, because beneficial bacteria:

• Participate in digestion (with their help, the process of food digestion ends).
• Synthesize vitamins (vitamins of group B, vitamins C and K, folic acid, biotin), hormone-like compounds and enzymes.
• Promote the absorption of calcium, sodium, magnesium, zinc, copper, manganese, phosphorus, iron, vitamin D and others nutrients in the intestines.
• Participate in the regulation of metabolism.
• They stimulate the emptying of the stomach and contribute to the normal contraction of the intestines, which is necessary for the passage of food through it. Thus, food does not stagnate in the body.
• They protect the body from harmful microbes, in particular pathogens of intestinal infections (salmonella, shigella, many fungi).

The fact is that beneficial bacteria that colonize the intestines compete for food with pathogenic microbes. If there are a lot of good bacteria, there is not enough food for bad bacteria. Therefore, they have no opportunity to grow and develop. In addition, beneficial microorganisms produce special substances that prevent the growth of pathogenic microbes.

• Participate in immunity.
• Protect the body in a bad environment: neutralize toxic effect salts heavy metals, nitrates, pesticides, some drugs, in particular antibiotics.

Thus, the human microflora has great benefits for humans and provides full protection and the support of its master.
What bacteria normally colonize the intestines?

The composition of the normal microflora:

• The main microflora (90%): bifidobacteria.
• The accompanying microflora (8-10%), also useful: lactobacilli; non-pathogenic E. coli (with full enzymatic properties); enterococci.
• Conditionally pathogenic microflora (less than 1%). The very name of these microorganisms contains the whole point: they become pathogenic in special conditions when their number exceeds a certain threshold. And in small quantities, they are not only not dangerous, but also useful: klebsiella; Proteus; pseudomonas aerogenosis; non-pathogenic streptococci and staphylococci; enterobacter; clostridia; yeast-like and mold fungi; citrobacter and others.

Causes of intestinal dysbiosis in children

There are 2 main conditions for the normal coexistence of beneficial bacteria and humans:

1. Beneficial bacteria must be in a certain amount. Conditionally pathogenic bacteria should not be more than the norm, and the main and accompanying microflora (bifidobacteria, lactobacilli, non-pathogenic E. coli, etc.) - less.
2. A certain composition of bacteria. The intestines should not contain harmful microbes that cause intestinal infections in humans and spoil normal life for beneficial bacteria.

Various adverse factors can disrupt the peaceful coexistence of bacteria and humans. Some bacteria in the intestine become more, others less, there are those that should not be (intestinal dysbiosis). When harmful microbes multiply, they displace useful ones and those automatically decrease. Such disorder in the microcosm unambiguously leads to changes in its owner, man. Conditionally pathogenic microorganisms, multiplying in an unacceptable amount:

• Become pathogenic and cause disease (stool disorders, abdominal pain, etc.);
• They contribute to the allergization of the body, therefore, they are able to provoke any allergic reactions;
• Suppress local immunity, reducing the activity of interferon and lysozyme.
• They provoke an inflammatory process in the intestine, which increases the permeability of the intestinal walls. A large amount of toxic products is absorbed into the body, which should normally be excreted in the feces. The general condition of a person suffers. And since the removal of toxins is still necessary, the process of their elimination will go through other organs, in particular through the skin. Therefore, dysbiosis is very often accompanied by various skin manifestations (dermatitis, diathesis, acne, etc.).

In some cases, clearly pathogenic pathogens appear in the intestines, which should not be present (for example, Staphylococcus aureus, fungi of the genus Candida, hemolytic Escherichia coli). And when shigella, salmonella or other microorganisms appear - pathogens intestinal infection not only the intestines suffer, but also the general condition of the patient worsens. In this case, dysbiosis is out of the question, but a diagnosis of intestinal infection is established.

Factors contributing to the development of intestinal dysbiosis

Changes in the normal microflora are always secondary, develop as a result of the impact of various unfavorable factors that change the state of the intestine or the whole organism.

In children over a year old, preschoolers and schoolchildren:

• Poor nutrition. The predominance of meat products and an excess of sugar and sweets in the child's diet.
• Bad ecology: chemical pollution the environment, radiation effects.
• Intestinal infection.
• Diseases of the digestive system, any, but especially: chronic pancreatitis, lactase deficiency, liver disease, constipation, colitis.
• Worms, in particular - giardiasis.
• Long-term or frequent treatment with antibiotics and hormones. The antibiotic ampicillin and preparations containing it (ampiox) are especially detrimental to the intestinal microflora. Moreover, dysbiosis can be caused by both antibiotics given by mouth and those administered intramuscularly and intravenously. Very often, after taking antibiotics, pathogenic fungi begin to grow in the intestines.
• Chronic diseases.
• Frequent SARS and colds... Children who are often ill.
• Operations: removal of the gallbladder, surgery on the stomach, etc.
• Allergic diseases. Atonic dermatitis.
• Vegeto-vascular dystopia.
• Puberty (hormonal changes in the body).
• Stress.
• Immunodeficiencies.

Dysbacteriosis in older children often "comes" from infancy when it was missed or not treated.

Symptoms and signs of intestinal dysbiosis in children

• Unstable stool: change of constipation with diarrhea.
• Flatulence.
• Metallic taste in the mouth.
• Abdominal pain (monotonous, pulling or bursting, worse in the afternoon).
• Often, dysbiosis is accompanied by: allergic reactions, skin diseases, frequent ARVI, deterioration in general health.

Analysis for dysbiosis in children

To confirm the diagnosis, a bacteriological study of the microflora of the digestive tract is carried out. For this, feces are collected under sterile conditions and sown on nutrient media. After 7-10 days, they look at which bacteria have grown, and in what quantity. If the growth of any pathogenic microbes is detected, the sensitivity of the microflora to antibiotics and bacteriophages is usually additionally determined. It is important for the physician to accurately select the right medicine for the patient.
The analysis of feces for dysbacteriosis is carried out by many bacteriological laboratories. In particular, in Moscow, the analysis can be passed at the Institute. Gabrichevsky, Gamaley Institute, etc.
On the form of the analysis result for dysbacteriosis, each self-respecting laboratory must indicate:

• List of detected microorganisms.
• The number of microorganisms detected.
• Age norms.
• The sensitivity of pathogenic microflora to antibiotics and bacteriophages.

According to the results of the analysis of feces for dysbiosis and severity clinical manifestations the degree of dysbiosis is established.

For additional examination of the patient, the doctor may prescribe:

• Scatological analysis of feces to find out how food is digested in a patient.
• Ultrasound examination (ultrasound) of the abdominal cavity.

Treatment of intestinal dysbiosis in children

Dysbiosis therapy should be comprehensive and consistent. Courses of treatment are prescribed by a pediatrician or gastroenterologist, depending on the clinical manifestations and the results of the analysis for dysbiosis. So, in case of dysbacteriosis of 1 degree, it is enough to prescribe bacterial preparations, and in the presence of opportunistic microorganisms (Klebsiella, Proteus, Staphylococcus, etc.), the task will be more difficult. Do not count on the fact that recovery will come immediately, this is possible only with a mild degree of dysbiosis. Sometimes it takes a lot of patience and time for a complete cure, the appointment of repeated courses of therapy.

First of all, it is advisable to eliminate the factors that led to the disturbance of the intestinal microflora: improving the quality of nutrition, stopping the intake of antibiotics, treating helminthiasis, digestive pathology, etc.

I. Diet.
It is prescribed depending on the clinical manifestations:
For constipation.
With thinning of the stool and diarrhea.
With flatulence.

Also useful:

• Lactic acid foods, especially those containing beneficial bacteria: Beef-kefir. Bifi-fermented baked milk, "Bifidok", yoghurts, "Imunele", "Activia", "Narine", yogurt, etc.
• Vegetables and fruits containing a large amount of essential vitamins and microelements: watermelon, apricot, barberry, lingonberry, fan, strawberry, dogwood, cranberry, onion, raspberry, carrot, black radish, mountain ash, paprika, rose hips, dill, garlic, horseradish, apples. Fresh squeezed juices of vegetables and fruits are very useful.
• Brewer's yeast. Sprouts of cereals, coarse bread.
• Nuts.

II. Medication.
Bacterial preparations:

• Containing beneficial bacteria (probiotics). Consist of live microorganisms. Restore the number of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli, non-pathogenic Escherichia coli:
• Containing bifidobacteria: bifidumbacterin, bifidumbacterin forte, bifiform, normoflorin B. biovestin, bifilis, etc.
• Containing lactobacilli: lactobacilli, normoflorin L, biovestin lacto.
• Lactobacilli have a pronounced antagonistic effect - they displace harmful bacteria from the intestines.
• Containing Escherichia coli: colibacterin.
• Containing bifidobacteria and lactobacilli and Escherichia coli: bificol, bifi-lact, linex, primadophilus, lactovit forte.
• Containing microorganisms with antagonistic activity (displacing harmful bacteria from the intestine): bactisubtil, enterol.

Substances of non-microbial composition that create favorable conditions in the intestine for the growth of beneficial microorganisms:

• Hilak-forte. Creates nutrient medium for the growth of beneficial bacteria.
• Lactulose (duphalac). Stimulates intestinal contraction, successfully relieves constipation. Creates favorable conditions for the growth of bifidobacteria.
• Lysozyme. Protein substance derived from protein chicken eggs... Suppresses the growth of harmful bacteria, promotes the growth of bifidobacteria.
• Para-aminobenzoic acid. Promotes the growth of bifidobacteria and Escherichia coli.

Antibiotics Appointed if bacteriophages are ineffective. It is necessary to use antibiotics in the treatment of intestinal dysbiosis with extreme caution, since they destroy, along with pathogenic pathogens, the beneficial microflora (bifidobacteria and lactobacilli). The ruined beneficial microflora after antibiotic treatment has to be stubbornly restored with bacterial preparations. You cannot give antibiotics to a child on your own without a doctor's prescription.
Antifungal drugs. Prescribed for candidiasis and the presence of other fungi.
KIL (complex immune preparation). This medicine contains antibodies (immunoglobulins) against various pathogens. Its action is based on enhancing local immunity in the intestine.
Sorbents: pecto, pekcekom, polyphepam, enternin, enterodesis, enterosgel, phytosorbovit, Activated carbon, smecta, etc.
Sorbents (or enterosorbents) are necessary to remove toxins, a number of pathogenic microorganisms and viruses, and other aggressive components from the intestine, as well as to reduce gas formation. Appointed taking into account that:

• If you have a tendency to regurgitate and vomit, it is better to use enterodesis.
• Activated carbon, polyphepam, entegnin, smecta contribute to constipation. Therefore, if you are prone to constipation, it is not recommended to use them.
• Enterosgel, pekcek do not have a locking effect.
• Long-term use of sorbents for more than 2 weeks is undesirable, since they remove not only toxins from the body, but also useful substances.

Vitamins. Shown are vitamins of group B, vitamin C.

III. Symptomatic treatment:
For constipation: lactulose, duphalac, pekcekom, dietary supplement "Rekitsen RD", etc.
For diarrhea: pecto, enterosorbents.
With flatulence and intestinal colic: no-shpa, duspatalin, espumizan, subsimplex, etc.
In case of impaired digestion of food (the presence of undigested foods and lumps of fat in the feces, changes in the scatological analysis of feces) - enzymes: mezim-forte, creon, festal, panzinorm, abomin, etc.

IV. Homeopathy.
With a tendency to diarrhea: Diarheel (Heel, Germany).
For constipation with spastic pain: Nux vomica Homaccord (Heel, Germany).
For heartburn, nausea, loss of appetite, feeling of fullness after eating: Edas 114 (Edas firm, Russia).
For chronic constipation: Edas 124 (Edas firm, Russia).
With a combination of intestinal dysbiosis with atonic dermatitis: Edas PO (Edas firm, Russia).
To increase immunity: Echinacea compositum (Heel, Germany), Engystol (Heel, Germany), Edas 150 (Edas, Russia), Edas 308 (Edas, Russia).
Classical homeopathy is also perfect. For the individual selection of therapies according to constitutional features the child should consult a homeopathic doctor.

V. Aromatherapy.
Microclysters (with diarrhea). Add essential oils to 100 ml of oil (sesame, olive and other vegetable): oil tea tree 5 drops, lavender oil 5 drops, fennel oil 5 drops, basil oil 3 drops.
Introduce 5 ml daily into the rectum. The course of treatment is 10 days. Microclysters (for constipation). In 100 ml of oil (sesame, olive and other vegetable) add essential oils: tea tree oil 2 drops, sage oil 2 drops, lavender oil 3 drops, fennel oil 2 drops, geranium oil 1-2 drops.
Introduce 5 ml daily into the rectum. The course of treatment is 14 days.

Prevention of intestinal dysbiosis in children

Dysbacteriosis of the intestine is the result of illness or improper lifestyle, and, as a secondary phenomenon, is spontaneously reversible. When the health of the body is restored, the composition of the intestinal microflora will also improve.
Therefore, for the prevention of intestinal dysbiosis, it is necessary:

• Leading a healthy lifestyle: a balanced diet, a daily regimen and rest, no stress and nervous shocks, playing sports, hardening.
• Rational use of antibiotics and other medicines.
• Treatment chronic diseases, especially the pathology of digestion.
• Prevention of intestinal infections, compliance with sanitary and hygienic standards.
• Prevention of ARVI and colds.

V different periods life, a person has to face many problems. This article will cover such a topic as dysbiosis after antibiotics. You will learn how to treat such a pathology. Also find out what causes this disease.

Dysbacteriosis after antibiotics: how does pathology appear?

To begin with, it is worth saying what kind of ailment it is. Antibacterial therapy assigned in many cases. Antimicrobial drugs are excellent inflammatory and infectious processes of the digestive system and genitourinary system... However, simultaneously with the elimination of pathological microorganisms, the destruction of beneficial bacteria also occurs. In this regard, it develops After antibiotics, an imbalance of microorganisms can also occur in the stomach, vagina (in women) and other human organs.

Symptoms of the disease

Sometimes the manifestation of pathology is inactive. In this case, a person may feel slight discomfort in the stomach and intestines after eating. Some patients report increased gassing and bloating.

In more severe situations, dysbiosis after antibiotics is manifested by stool disorder. A person may experience problems with defecation, or, conversely, an accelerated and liquid table. This manifestation is accompanied by constant rumbling.

Dysbacteriosis after antibiotics in a child can be accompanied by spasms, which bring severe suffering. In this case, we can talk about intestinal colic or even intestinal inflammation.

Dysbacteriosis after antibiotics: treatment

If the discomfort in the intestines and stomach is caused by an imbalance of bacteria due to the use of antimicrobial drugs, then treatment depends on how severe the symptoms are. There are several ways to correct this pathology. Let's consider them in detail.

Recovery diet

Dysbacteriosis after antibiotics is perfectly treated by adjusting the diet. However, this applies only to mild situations when there is no severe pain and malaise.

After taking an antimicrobial drug, you should choose meals that contain a lot of fiber or indigestible fiber. These foods include all fruits and vegetables, herbs, and whole grains. For breakfast, it is preferable to eat cereals without sugar, cooked in water. For lunch, you can eat low-fat broth soups with a high content of vegetables or cereals. For dinner, you can cook a vegetable stew or boiled meat.

Try to avoid bread, baked goods, and sweets. These foods can cause increased intestinal fermentation and, as a result, pain and discomfort. It is strictly forbidden to drink carbonated and alcoholic drinks. Great use such fluid leads to dehydration of the body. Try to drink more clean water.

To improve the functioning of the intestines and stomach, it is recommended to use fermented milk products. These include sour cream, kefir, yoghurts without artificial additives and preservatives.

Use of medicines

If dysbiosis appears after antibiotics, treatment can be medication. They resort to it in cases where the symptoms of pathology are especially pronounced. In particularly difficult situations, inpatient treatment may be offered.

During drug therapy, the intake of beneficial bacteria is prescribed. They allow you to quickly restore the intestinal microflora and improve digestion. It is worth mentioning that you can choose complex preparation or separate funds

Complex remedies include the full spectrum of bacteria. These drugs include the following: "Acipol", "Linex", "Bactisubtil" and other drugs. If you want to carry out a step-by-step treatment, then you will be assigned to take lactobacilli, and then a course of bifidobacteria. TO similar drugs include the following: "Lactobacterin", "Bifidumbacterin", "Normoflorin" and so on.

Also, the patient is advised to take drugs that improve digestive function and help the abdominal organs work properly. These medicines include the following drugs: "Mezim", "Hofitol", "Essentiale", "Heptor" and others.

Corrections are recommended for stool problems. So, for constipation, glycerin suppositories, Senade tablets or Duphalac syrup are prescribed. In the case when the patient suffers from fixing agents are prescribed, for example, tablets "Imodium".

If during treatment occur severe cramping in the intestines, then tablets "No-Shpa", "Drotaverin", "Solpadein" and other analgesics will help you. They should be used as needed.

Folk ways

Dysbacteriosis after taking antibiotics can be cured by using folk recipes.

So, with strong gas formation, you can take a decoction of fennel. To prepare it, you will need one part of pharmaceutical dill and two parts Let the mixture brew and dilute with clean water in a ratio of one to one. Take this remedy two or three times a day.

If colic occurs or the intestines just hurt after eating, then a chamomile decoction will help you. This remedy perfectly relieves spasms and reduces peristalsis. However, remember that this broth should not be consumed in case of constipation.

A little conclusion

So, now you know what methods of treating dysbiosis after taking antibiotics are. Remember that imbalance in microorganisms can be caused by other reasons. In this case, the correction will be very different from this description.

Do not self-medicate, but contact a specialist if a pathology such as the development of dysbiosis occurs after. Only in this case, the therapy will be selected correctly, and you will feel a quick effect from the treatment.

Dysbacteriosis can appear at any age and often young mothers, or rather their children, face a problem.

Almost always, the problem is accompanied by the same symptoms, in the form of abdominal pain, stool disturbances and other disorders.

In some cases, the symptoms may change, then a rash appears with dysbiosis in infants, and clinical picture considered atypical. The rashes will be of varying intensity and in different parts of the body.

Causes of dysbiosis in children

Breast milk contains many nutrients, vitamins, and elements that create beneficial intestinal flora in babies.

Around the nipple appears enough beneficial bacteria that enter the child's body, but scientists still cannot explain this process.

Milk also contains natural prebiotics that are nutritious. It is very important to ensure correct mode, care and nutrition of the baby immediately after birth.

For some time, babies adapt to external environment, and for several days, any stress and other factors can cause damage.

Among the main reasons why dysbiosis may appear in newborns, there are:

1. Delay in breastfeeding.
2. Not proper nutrition mothers that interferes with the quality of milk or the use of artificial formula for feeding.
3. Disorders in the child's gastrointestinal tract.
4. Taking antibiotics right after birth.
5. Crashes immune system.

During the first year of life, the child's body gets used to external factors, the intestinal flora is formed.

At this time, the immune system is rather weak, so it cannot independently identify pathogenic bacteria from beneficial ones.

It is possible to exclude the development of dysbiosis in children if you breastfeed. When using artificial mixtures, it is necessary to additionally add lactose and oligosaccharides, you can buy ready-made products.

The described food replaces as much as possible breast milk by properties. Up to 8 months of age, it is necessary to give such nutrition in order to form the correct flora.

Symptoms

To understand why a rash appears with dysbiosis in infants, as well as a rash from this problem, you need to know some features.

If there is an increased generation of organic acids in the body, then this is manifested by several internal factors:

1. The acidity of the chyme, the activity of the enzymes of the digestive system, decreases. This is due to a decrease in the activity of positive flora, which leads to the development of pathogenic bacteria.
2. Disruption of the digestive system, it is impossible to normally be absorbed by useful substances. The child develops vitamin deficiency.

Among the characteristic symptoms of this phenomenon are:

1. Abdominal pain, newborns become restless.
2. Diarrhea appears, which can be stopped if you use a fast diet for a couple of days.
3. Increased gas formation.
4. Stool disorder.
5. Anemia of the extremities due to a lack of vitamin B.
6. Peeling of the skin of the face.

If the baby has a lack of bile formation and acidification in the intestine, then other signs begin:

1. Light diarrhea.
2. Changes in the intestinal mucosa.
3. Disruptions in the assimilation of nutrients.

The effect will be pronounced during diarrhea, since the disorder cannot be stopped even with fasting. In addition, the child may have weight loss, and mucus is visible in the stool.

If the growth of pathogenic bacteria is not stopped, then the disruption of the 12-persistent intestine begins, severe inflammation, and the development of hepatitis is also possible.

Main consequences

Rashes with dysbiosis in infants are only a symptom.

The consequences of an imbalance of microflora can be varied and the very first thing that needs to be highlighted is a violation of the absorption of nutrients and vitamins, which are very necessary for a fragile body.

In turn, the problem leads to the inability to normally digest all foods, due to which they constantly irritate the mucous membrane, cause flatulence, colic.

A newborn may develop colitis against this background. The worst is considered the possibility of transition. inflammatory process to a complete disruption of the digestive system.

Due to this, dysbiosis takes the last stage, and the treatment will be long, using powerful medications.

Diagnosis

If rashes appear with dysbiosis in infants, then it is necessary to pass feces for analysis.

This allows you to study the intestinal flora, but before delivery, you need to talk to your doctor about the advisability of this study.

Among the main methods of laboratory diagnostics are:

1. Coprogram - the level of digestion of food in the intestine is determined, and inflammatory processes can also be noticed.
2. Stool tank - allows you to identify pathogenic bacteria in the intestine.
3. Analysis of feces for dysbiosis - determines the balance between beneficial and pathogenic flora.

It may seem that the diagnostic methods are simple, but for the reliability of the results, you need to do everything right.

To achieve this, the following recommendations must be followed:

1. Before collecting feces, you need to wash the baby and use fresh linen, it is recommended to use not diapers, but homemade diapers from diapers.
2. Do not store stool for a long time.
3. It is better to use a container for transporting and storing feces, which can be purchased at the pharmacy.
4. If a newborn eats mixtures in which there are probiotics and prebiotics, then it is necessary to stop giving them to the child for several days, only then to collect feces for analysis.

Such rules make it possible to obtain accurate results, after which the doctor will be able to determine how to treat a rash with dysbiosis in infants.

Treatment

Parents should not worry about such a condition as a rash with dysbiosis in a child. Modern pharmacological agents manage disease and symptoms easily, even in small children.

If we determine the reasons for the imbalance of bacteria, then treatment will pass much faster and easier.

Parents should notice any changes in the baby's condition and as soon as they appear characteristic symptoms, immediately go to the doctor.

A rash with dysbiosis can be removed only during the treatment of the disease itself. Often, therapy is long-term, and for the desired effect, you will need to use drugs that contain bacteria.

The very scheme of therapy is determined by the doctor, the essence of which is to restore the intestinal flora.

For example, a medicine called Linex should be given to the baby for 5-7 days, after which there is an improvement in the condition and work of the gastrointestinal tract.

If necessary, the doctor can supplement the treatment with other drugs or extend the time.

Initially, doctors use medicines that can get rid of negative flora.

Together with such drugs, sorbents are prescribed that will quickly remove toxins and toxins.

V further treatment is to normalize the balance and colonize the intestines with beneficial flora. For this, you can use medications or dairy products.

To maintain the immune system, it is important to follow a correct lifestyle, in the case of newborns, this rule is followed by the mother.

When breastfeeding, it is very important that it is the mother who monitors her diet. She will need to drink and eat more fermented milk products, and also completely eliminate harmful products:

1. Sausages.
2. Sauces, mayonnaises and ketchups.
3. Packaged juices.
4. Soda.
5. Crisps.
6. Other food trash.

When introducing complementary foods into the diet of babies, it is necessary to give fermented milk products every day.

As for medicines, there are a lot of them on the modern pharmacological market, and in order to remove the rash with dysbiosis in infants and the problem itself, it is recommended to use medicines with lactulose in the composition. They are harmless to babies and are well tolerated.

Linex is very often used, since it gently and quickly normalizes the flora. This medicine is often prescribed for children under 2 years of age.

If you need to give the remedy to newborns, then the first thing is to open the capsule, the mixture is diluted in water and given to the children.

A similar drug can be used by parents for prophylaxis or during the treatment of a child with powerful antibacterial agents.

1. Probiotics.
2. Acipol.
3. Enterol.
4. Bifidumbacterin.

Such medicines contain big number beneficial bacteria that quickly restore flora.

In addition, the composition includes vitamins that strengthen the immune system.

Prophylaxis

With a high probability of dysbiosis in a child, it is important to use a number preventive rules, which will eliminate the problem, a rash on the body and other symptoms of pathology.

If a child needs to take antibiotics, then in addition to them, doctors immediately prescribe Linex, syrups and other means that can restore the flora.

Potential side effects include upset stools and hives on the body. But negative consequences appear very often, and there is no reason to panic.

Before using any medicine for children, be sure to get a doctor's approval. If the dose is exceeded, there may be an overdose with negative consequences.

Among other preventive measures for infants, there are:

1. Earlier breastfeeding, you need to give breast milk as soon as possible after childbirth, as this is an ideal protection for the baby, a source of bacteria for the intestines.
2. Breastfeeding. It is better to breastfeed, but if there is no possibility, then choose the right formula for feeding that will be useful to the baby.
3. Proper nutrition for the mother.
4. Parents should monitor their health during the planning of the baby, as well as during pregnancy. It is imperative that you undergo a diagnosis by a doctor, identify possible health problems, and conceive a child only after treatment.

The correct lifestyle of parents and children will help to avoid diseases in newborns, as well as various disorders in the form of dysbiosis and rashes.

If symptoms of a problem appear, then you should immediately consult a doctor in order to avoid the consequences and possible complications.

Useful video

Many are interested in what kind of medicine can be taken after antibiotics. If, after a course of antibiotics, there are unpleasant sensations in the intestines (bloating, unstable stools, impaired appetite), then this is dysbiosis after antibiotics. Side effects are also possible in the form of vaginal candidiasis, gastritis, decreased immunity, hepatitis.

Normal microflora and antibiotic therapy

The microflora useful for the intestines and the one that has not yet decided what it should be are next to each other. But the disease begins, requiring antibiotics. The latter, acting on the focus of the pathogen, also enter the intestines, both through the mouth and with blood. And here, where the number of bacteria is greater than anywhere else, antibiotics act on them. Some bacteria die, others freeze, and some medicines do not work. As a result, the balance of the microflora of the stomach is disturbed. The normal mechanism of food processing and absorption in the intestine is disrupted. Her fermentation begins. Intestinal bacteria, which are considered conditionally pathogenic, now become pathogenic, the stomach begins to ache. The normal microflora is no longer enough, the bacteria are not inhibited by anything. Accumulating in large quantities, they penetrate the intestinal wall and cause irritation of the peritoneum - peritonitis. This is severe complication and the worst option.

But not all antibiotics and not everyone have side effects. Some people note that they have a violation of stool and flatulence after several doses of antibiotics. Others take them for a long time and do not have any pronounced changes... It all depends on the characteristics of the organism.

If the balance of the intestinal microflora is disturbed, the fungal flora is activated, therefore, antifungal drugs are required.

Returning the body to a physiologically normal state is not easy. The drugs that can help with the effects of antibiotics are being worked on as much as the development of the antibiotics themselves. For this, the main efforts are directed to the restoration of normal microflora, mainly the intestines, since it suffers more often than others.

Proper nutrition is recommended first. It is necessary to unload as much as possible the work of the gastrointestinal tract and its enzymatic systems.
Of course, all overcooked, spicy, smoked, pickled, aggressive seasonings are excluded. Fermented milk products, light soups, cereals, sauerkraut are recommended.

Most doctors agree that along with a course of antibiotics, especially a long one, antihistamines, antifungals and, of course, probiotics should be taken in parallel with them.

Probiotics: characteristics

These are medicines that restore the necessary intestinal microflora. They provide the so-called substitution therapy intestinal flora.

All of them are made as concentrated preparations of bacteria that contribute to the normalization of the normal composition of the intestinal microflora, as well as the vagina or other organs affected by antibiotic therapy, improve the digestion of food in the intestine, and optimize the digestion process.

Recognized and well-known are Bifidumbacterin, Linex, Hilak Forte, Simbilact and other probiotics.

1. Probiotics are recommended to be taken in parallel with the course of antibiotic therapy. If the study of feces for dysbiosis was not carried out, then it is worth starting with Bifidumbacterin or lactobacilli (for children).
2. Acylact, Lactobacterin are probiotics, which include lactobacilli. Once in the intestines, they promote the conversion of carbohydrates into lactate and lactose. It forms in the stomach acidic environment which is harmful to many bacteria. Both tablets and powder are available. It is recommended to start a course of these drugs while taking antibiotics.

The medicine Bifidumbacterin Forte is available in tablets. Has established itself as a drug that has a beneficial effect in any form of dysbiosis, but more effective in non-antibiotic dysbiosis.

The drug acts on intestinal cells, promotes the production of vitamin K and B vitamins.

Lactobacilli and bifidobacteria in the complex have a significant effect on dysbiosis of any nature. Their complex is already effective in parallel with taking antibiotics.

Bifiform is a drug that includes both bifidobacteria and Enterococcus faecium. This medication is available in capsules. They do not dissolve, the drug does not work until it reaches the intestines through the gastrointestinal tract. After that, the capsule dissolves. Probiotics must be refrigerated to keep the bacteria inside them.

To ensure functional rest of the enzymatic systems of the gastrointestinal tract and improve the digestion of food, enzymatic drugs such as Festal, Mezim or Pancreatin (tablets) are recommended.

If necessary, then taking probiotics should be continued.

In the most severe cases, in the absence of an effect from the treatment of dysbiosis, an expensive but effective new technique- transplantation of donor microflora.

Side effects

Another side effect of taking antibiotics is allergies. Then antihistamines will help out. When buying, you should pay attention to the instructions for the drug. Some funds provide light sleeping pill the effect. While taking these drugs, do not do anything that requires increased attention(for example, driving a car).

In some women, thrush may progress after taking antibiotics.

Here, a consultation with a gynecologist is required, who will prescribe a course of antifungal drugs.

Here is a small list of medications that can help cope with the effects of antibiotic therapy:

1. Candles Vagilak.
2. Bion-3 is a dietary supplement in the form of tablets. Recommended as an adjunct to the main treatment.
3. Bifidumbacterin in suppositories (acting locally, restores the vaginal microflora as soon as possible).
4. Suppositories Atsilakt quickly and effectively normalize the composition of the vaginal microflora, eliminating the lack of milk flora.
5. Bifidokefir, used for douching, also works well on the microflora of the stomach.

Rehabilitation of the liver after a course of antibiotics

The main organ that filters blood and neutralizes all harmful substances is the liver. That is why she needs to be cleaned of them.
Balneotherapy helps a lot. You can do it at home. Mineral water should be consumed warm, up to 37 ° C, half an hour before meals, 150 ml at a time.
It is recommended, especially if liver health was not ideal anyway, taking hepatoprotectors (LIV-52, Karsil, Hepatil).

Changes occur not only in the intestines, but also in the stomach. Exacerbation of gastritis is possible after antibiotic therapy. Then it is recommended to take gastroprotective drugs that regenerate the mucous membrane.
Hilak forte contains both a medicinal bacterial composition and lactic acid.

When treating infectious diseases, antibiotics cannot be avoided. Some try to avoid this, which leads to negative consequences, since an aggressive infectious agent can only be affected by a strong antibiotic, often wide range actions. By adhering to the recommendations, it is quite possible to protect yourself from the side effects of antibiotic therapy, and besides, they are not common for everyone.

Various antibacterial drugs are used to treat many diseases. But they all have a significant disadvantage, which is negative impact in addition to pathogenic microorganisms for the beneficial flora of the digestive organs. That is, they indiscriminately inhibit both beneficial and disease-causing bacteria. Young children are most susceptible to this pathological process. In order to prevent the occurrence of unpleasant phenomena, you should understand in more detail why they can develop, and how to recover after undergoing a course of antibiotic therapy.

The harmful effects of drugs on the gastrointestinal tract

Antibiotic therapy in our time is recognized as the most effective way to get rid of pathogenic bacteria localized in the human body. However, its implementation can do great harm, as it provokes the development of disorders in the stomach and intestines. This is due not only to the mechanism of action of these drugs, but also to the patient's admission of violations during their intake. Each group of antibacterial drugs has its own specific effect on the intestines:

• after undergoing a treatment course with aminoglycoside tablets, the reproduction of beneficial microorganisms in the human gastrointestinal tract stops;
• tetracyclines have a negative effect on intestinal motility and the state of its mucous membrane, which provokes increased growth pathogenic microflora;
• aminopenicillins cause increased growth of streptococci and staphylococci.

From this it follows that the likelihood of developing disorders in the digestive tract directly depends on the variety medicinal product used for therapeutic purposes.

After antibiotics, bloating and other gastrointestinal problems can occur even if the most harmless drug was used for treatment. This situation is also unpleasant because it will take at least a month to eliminate it and completely restore the functional activity of the digestive organs.

Gastrointestinal pathology provoked by a potent drug

Disorders that occur in the gastrointestinal tract after taking potent antibacterial drugs are called dysbiosis. This pathology is understood as a significant imbalance between pathogenic microorganisms and, directly, their own beneficial bacteria. The imbalance occurs mainly in the intestines, the stomach is much less affected by it. Pathology is always accompanied by the following set of signs:

• sudden sharp pains occur in the abdomen;
• a person's stool becomes unstable, liquid or mushy, but pathological inclusions in the form of pus or blood are not noted in it;
• there is bloating, rumbling and severe flatulence.

This pathology, provoked by the intake of antibiotics, differs from an intestinal infection in that abdominal discomfort accompanies a sick person constantly, regardless of the use of any foods or food intake. During its development, the digestive organs are not able to function normally, therefore, the human body loses the ability to fully satisfy the need for minerals, vitamins and vitamins necessary for normal life nutrients.

• what to do if bloating appears after kefir

If you suspect the development of dysbiosis, you should consult a specialist and undergo an appropriate diagnostic study, which will exclude an intestinal infection.

His main method is the analysis of feces. Thanks to him, a direct ratio of beneficial and harmful microorganisms localized in the intestine is revealed, which gives a complete understanding of how great the changes that have occurred in the digestive organs are.

Reducing side effects

In order for the likelihood of developing possible side effects after taking antibiotics to be reduced to a minimum, it is necessary to follow certain rules during the treatment measures carried out with the help of them:

• Do not take strong medicines on an empty stomach. Take a snack before swallowing the tablet.
• It is preferable to use dishes with enveloping properties during the course of antibiotic therapy. These include cereals, slimy soups and jelly.
• A full stomach for the use of an antibacterial drug is also harmful. This is due to the fact that in this case the onset of action of the drug slows down due to a decrease in the level of absorption in the stomach.
• Dangerous during treatment with antibacterial drugs overuse spicy and salty food, which has irritating effect on the mucous membrane of the main digestive organ.
• Antibiotics are washed down with pure boiled water. The use of juices, soda or tea for these purposes is unacceptable, since these drinks can provoke an undesirable chemical reaction that can have a pathological effect on the digestive organs or the liver.
• It is also forbidden to change the frequency of taking the dosage of drugs on your own. This can significantly increase the risk of developing adverse reactions from the internal organs.
• Treatment with antibacterial agents is prescribed only by a doctor who has previously been mandatory will weigh all the potential disadvantages and possible advantages of the drug chosen for therapy. Prescribing antibiotic therapy should have a clear rationale, and not be applied so simply "just in case." If a person does not tolerate pills, they are replaced with intramuscular or intravenous injection... In this case, the medicinal components enter the body bypassing the stomach.

Recovery after a course of therapy

After the treatment measures are completed, care must be taken to recover from taking antibiotics digestive organs and not provoke the development of a new disease in them. For this purpose, experts recommend conducting a comprehensive recovery work... It involves adherence to an appropriate diet, multivitamins, immunomodulators, adaptogens and biologics.

The restoration of the intestinal microflora begins with the correction of nutrition. The duration of adherence to the diet selected by the gastroenterologist is at least 3 months. Its meaning lies in the fact that from the diet products that contribute to the development of pathogenic microflora - yeast bread, confectionery and sugar.

You should also be very careful about the consumption of milk and potatoes. But fermented milk products must be consumed daily, as they contain useful bifidobacteria.

To restore the functional activity of the intestine, the use of minerals and vitamins in a prophylactic dose is also useful. This will help to quickly normalize the functioning of the digestive tract. From the above, it follows that only A complex approach will help to solve the problem of restoring the functional activity of the stomach and intestines.

The main methods of rehabilitation therapy

The easiest way to restore the intestinal flora is to use fermented milk products containing acidobifidobacteria and lactobacilli. They are quite easy to purchase in the store, since the choice of enriched kefirs and live yoghurts in them is simply huge today. Thanks to these drinks, the number of beneficial bacteria in the digestive tract will gradually recover, since ideal conditions for life will be created for them. But don't forget to check the expiration dates when purchasing these products. For rehabilitation therapy after antibiotic treatment, apply:

• lactic acid products having short term shelf life (no more than a week);
• special drugs that help to effectively correct the state of the intestinal microflora (Bifikol, Acylact, Lactobacterin, Bifidumbacterin and others).

You can also use folk methods for restoring the intestines. Fresh blueberries or juice from them help to remove antibiotics from the body well. You can also prepare this infusion:

• Half a liter of kefir is poured into a liter jar (you can replace with yogurt), finely chopped but not crushed 2 cloves of garlic are added to it, the same amount by volume onions and parsley and dill.
• To them is added a teaspoon of dry crushed flowers pharmacy chamomile and herbs St. John's wort.
• Further, the jar is poured to the very top with boiling water and left for half an hour to infuse, after which the composition is filtered and drunk, depending on the body weight, once or twice.

Antibacterial drugs have Negative influence on the whole body, but the digestive system suffers most of all. The duration of the rehabilitation measures directly depends on how intensive and long the course of antibiotic treatment was. But anyway the best way the solution to this problem should be its prevention, therefore, all efforts of the doctor and patient should be aimed at optimizing the course of treatment with antibacterial drugs.

One of the consequences of treatment with antibacterial drugs can be an imbalance of the intestinal microflora. This condition in itself is not a disease, but it can provoke a disruption in the work of some systems of the body weakened by the infection, and worsen the condition of the recovered patient. Dysbacteriosis from antibiotics is corrected with special diet, natural and medicinal florbiotics different types.

What is dysbiosis

An imbalance in the intestinal microflora associated with a change in the species composition of microorganisms inhabiting the organ is called dysbiosis. In this condition, the number of lacto- and bifidobacteria decreases, and opportunistic and pathogenic microorganisms begin to multiply actively. Long-term dysbiosis can cause disruption of the normal functioning of the gastrointestinal tract, provoke allergic skin reactions, sleep or appetite disorders.

Dysbacteriosis after antibiotics

One of the reasons for the development of dysbiosis is treatment with antibacterial drugs. Antibiotics not only destroy pathogenic microorganisms that cause infections (for example, staphylococci, pneumococci or streptococci), but also inhibit the beneficial flora that inhabit the intestine, which ensures its normal functioning. Violation of microflora can lead to:

• inappropriate use of antibacterial drugs;
• reception of poor quality products;
• wrong dosage;
• wrong treatment regimen;
• exceeding the duration of the course;
• uncontrolled self-medication, a mistake in choosing an antibiotic.

In some cases, if high dosages are necessary or when taking potent drugs, dysbiosis can develop even with a properly selected drug and adherence to all the rules for its use and medical recommendations on nutrition during therapy, especially in infants or childhood... Restoration of normal microflora usually takes three weeks or more. The place of development of dysbiosis is not only the intestines, but also the vagina, which is fraught with the development of a number of diseases, for example, candidiasis (thrush).

Causes

Antibiotics of different pharmacological groups have a serious effect on the intestinal microflora. Reproduction of some pathogenic bacteria (against which the main active ingredients drug) is inhibited, which is the goal of antibiotic therapy. But most drugs have the following negative side effect:

• Tetracyclines destroy the upper layers of the intestinal mucosa, which provokes an increase in the number of opportunistic and pathogenic organisms (candidal fungi, clostridia, etc.).
• Aminopenicillins provoke the multiplication of staphylococci, streptococci, inhibiting pathogenic bacteria of other types.
• Aminoglycosides inhibit the reproduction of normal flora (for example, bifidobacteria).
• Fungicidal drugs can activate the growth of lactose-negative Escherichia, Proteus microorganisms.

Symptoms

Symptoms of intestinal dysbiosis from antibiotics in adults - stool disorders (constipation, diarrhea or their alternation), intense gas formation, feelings of heaviness or bloating, wandering cutting pains in the lower abdomen, sometimes itching in anal area... These clinical signs can appear during antibiotic therapy, or some time after its completion. Vaginal dysbiosis is characterized by the following symptoms:

• the appearance of discharge of an unusual color, consistency, odor;
• itching in the vagina or external genitals;
• increased urination;
• burning sensation in the urethra;
• pulling pains in the lower abdomen.

Taking antibiotics is especially fraught with dysbiosis for children. Clinical signs conditions in young patients may differ slightly from symptoms in an adult. In childhood, intestinal dysbiosis is characterized by the following manifestations:

• upset stool - feces acquire a liquid consistency, becomes mushy, frothy, with pungent odor;
• flatulence;
• increased body temperature;
• stomach ache;
• sleep disorders, appetite;
• the appearance of irritation or redness of the skin in the perineum;
• the child becomes restless, capricious.

Treatment of dysbiosis after antibiotics

The main method for diagnosing dysbiosis is bacteriological examination of feces or vaginal smear (bacterial culture). It helps to determine which bacteria in what proportions have multiplied in the intestinal flora after taking antibiotics. Sometimes (in rare cases) additional examinations may be prescribed - contrast x-ray, colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy.

Treatment of dysbiosis after antibiotics in adults and children is aimed at normalizing the composition of the intestinal microflora (or vagina). The task is achieved by combining two methods - observing dietary recommendations and taking special antiseptic drugs that suppress the growth of pathogenic and opportunistic flora without destroying the useful one. Adults and children of all ages are shown to take florbiotics (probiotics or prebiotics), either as part of food or in the form of special medications (for example, Lactobacterin).

Drugs

Medicines for dysbiosis after antibiotics are selected depending on the drugs that were taken during the infection, and the types of pathogenic flora that multiplied as a result of therapy. Possible options appointments are presented in the table:

Type of pathogenic microorganisms	Antibiotic, its pharmacological group	The drug for dysbiosis	Mechanism of action	Method of administration and dosage
Staphylococcus	Oleandomycin (macrolides)	Polysorb	Enterosorbent with detoxification adaptogenic and adsorbing action	100-200 mg / kg, 4 times a day, course duration - 2-3 weeks
Enterococcus	Amoxicillin (semi-synthetic penicillins	Colibacterin	Suppression of reproduction of pathogenic and opportunistic microflora	Dosage: the contents of one bottle are diluted with 100 ml of water, number of doses - 3-4 times / day, for 10-14 days
Colibacillus	Furacilin (nitrofurans)	Bifiform	Probiotic	2-3 capsules per day, course - 10-21 days
Colibacillus	Phthalazole (sulfonamide)	Hilak forte	Prebiotic	40-60 drops 3 times a day for 10-14 days
Colibacillus	Nevigramone (nalidixic acid) (quinolones)		Prebiotic	15-40 ml, 2-3 times / day, 7-14 days
Pseudomonas aeruginosa	Polymyxin (cyclic polypeptides)	Bificol	Lyophilisate powder with antagonistic properties against pathogenic microflora	One ampoule or one bottle 5 times a day for 10-14 days
Pseudomonas aeruginosa	Kanamycin (aminoglycosides)	Trimedat	An antispasmodic that improves intestinal motility, regulates the processes of peristalsis	100 mg three times / day, the course of treatment is 7-10 days
Candidomycosis	Lamisil (antimycotics)	Lactobacterin	Dried mass of dry lactobacilli producing lactic acid and showing activity against pathogenic flora	5 doses, half an hour before meals, 2-3 times a day, course duration - 7-10 days
Candidomycosis	Amphotericin (macrocyclic antibiotic)		Contains three types of lactic acid bacteria that normalize the state of microflora	2 tablets, 3 times / day, 10-12 days
Proteus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococcal infection	Bacteriophages (viruses)	Iberogast	A remedy based on herbal ingredients, normalizes motor skills, regulates processes associated with an imbalance of microflora	20 drops, 3 times a day, 12-20 days