The complexity of keeping cattle, especially young animals, is that animals often get sick. Some diseases are life-threatening for calves, others cause them to lag behind in growth or development. You need to know what diseases you have to deal with in order to take preventive measures or start treatment on time. Sometimes from the right and quick action farmer depends on the lives of his wards. Consider the diseases that are most often encountered when raising calves.
Calves are prone to many diseases, and the breeder needs to be able to distinguish between their symptoms.
white muscle disease
white muscle disease occurs in young animals under the age of 3 months. White muscle disease affects the body of calves: the skeletal muscles and the heart suffer. More than half of sick animals die (60%).
Symptoms
White muscle disease is acute, subacute and chronic. Acute lasts 7-10 days.
Symptoms:
- eyes become cloudy, discharge from them is noticeable;
- there is discharge from the nose;
- it is difficult for animals to move, they get tired quickly, so they prefer to lie down;
- eat less and less, then refuse to eat;
- sometimes bloating, saliva flows;
- shortness of breath, arrhythmia.
Sometimes the symptoms are not expressed, the calves look healthy. At acute form calves die in 60-90% of cases. If the form of the disease is subacute, it lasts longer - 15-30 days, mortality - 40-60%. The symptoms are the same, but erased. Chronic white muscle disease lasts 50-60 days, 30-40% of calves die from it.
With white muscle disease, the calf constantly lies down and does not get up for a long time
Treatment
White muscle disease is treated only at an early stage. If irreversible changes have occurred in the heart, nothing can be done to help, it no longer works as before. A sick calf is taken to a warm room, well fed. Give vitamins. Selenium medications help. This is sodium selenite 0.1% solution - 0.1 -0.2 ml per 1 kg. Where to prick? It must be injected intramuscularly or subcutaneously. Sodium selenite is a poison, so follow the precautions and dosage.
Vitamin E is prescribed - (3 p. 10-20 mg each) and other drugs. The exact list will be given by the veterinarian.
Hernia
Not so common in calves, but still found umbilical hernia. A hernia is a disease when the peritoneum or abdominal organs protrude from the umbilical ring. A hernia can be congenital or acquired, appears due to the fall of a calf or a blow to the belly with a hoof.
Symptoms
The fact that calves have a hernia is indicated by a slight swelling in the navel, it is soft and painless. If the hernia is reducible, its content is inserted into abdominal cavity. An irreducible hernia cannot be reduced, sometimes it is infringed. When a calf has a hernia, the following symptoms appear:
- the calf is at first restless, then oppressed;
- refuses to eat;
- lack of stool;
- the temperature rises;
- the pulse becomes frequent;
- the swelling at the navel is tense, the hernia hurts.
Treatment
If the calf is sick, only surgical intervention. Previously, a hernia was treated with bandages, rubbing ointments, etc., but now these conservative methods considered obsolete.
A hernia in a calf can only be removed surgically.
Bloating or tympania
If the calf's stomach is swollen, the stomach is full, this may be a symptom of tympania, the disease appears after 1.5 - 2 months. This is not a contagious disease, but dangerous for the animal, because. without the help of a veterinarian, it will die.
Often occurs after a calf has eaten juicy green foods (clover, young grass, alfalfa, milky corn on the cob, beet or cabbage leaves).
If the plants were with dew or water after rain, the risk increases. After such a meal, animals cannot be watered. The stomach swells even after eating rotten root crops, frozen potatoes, etc. There are other causes of bloating in calves.
Symptoms
The symptoms of tympania are as follows:
- becomes restless;
- refuses to feed;
- often looks at the stomach;
- constantly lies down and gets up;
- shortness of breath;
- the main symptom is a large volume of the abdomen.
After the appearance of these and other symptoms within a few hours. The situation becomes more complicated when not one animal falls ill, but the whole herd.
Treatment
If the calf's belly is swollen, help him immediately. Simple tricks will also help: slowly lift the calf uphill, pour it over cold water or take it to the river. The main thing is to cause a burp.
At the first symptoms of bloating, you should try to cause a burp
Insert a probe or strong hose. Give him 2-3 liters of milk to drink, charcoal powder, 20 g of burnt magnesia, etc. If drugs and other methods did not help, a puncture with a trocar is needed. This is done by a veterinarian. Where to prick? In the left hungry hole. A large caliber trocar is used. After the calf is better, it should not be fed for 12-24 hours. Later, a sparing feeding regimen is prescribed, the stomach cannot be overfilled.
Avitaminosis
If the body of the animal does not have enough vitamins, it develops beriberi. Avitaminosis also happens because vitamins are poorly absorbed due to liver diseases, the stomach hurts. Most often, beriberi is a disease of young animals that develops in the spring, when there are almost no vitamins left in the feed.
Avitaminosis A
If calves do not receive enough carotene, which comes to them with mother's milk, they grow and develop poorly. They have beriberi A. The symptoms are as follows:
- not well-fed;
- their mucous membranes are pale;
- dry skin;
- wool is tousled;
- eyes are inflamed, vision is reduced;
- laryngitis, bronchitis, etc.
To prevent avitaminosis, it is necessary proper feeding, vitamin supplements (carrot, fish fat and etc.). Treatment is the introduction of vitamin A concentrate orally or intramuscularly - 50-100 thousand units, 1 time per day for 3-5 days.
Carrots - an excellent prevention of beriberi
Avitaminosis D
Avitaminosis D has another name - rickets. Occurs when there is a lack of vitamin D in the feed. Vitamin D deficiency, symptoms:
- perverted appetite: calves drink urine, chew manure, swallow rags, skin;
- walk cautiously, often stop, prefer to lie down;
- grow poorly, lose weight;
- their limbs are bent;
- hair falls out in places.
Treatment - replenishment of vitamin D. To cure beriberi, they give fish oil, bone meal. Helps natural or artificial ultraviolet irradiation. Appoint and medications. There is also beriberi B, C, etc.
pasteurellosis
Pasteurellosis is infectious disease, which affects not only calves, but also other domestic animals and birds. Called by Pasteurella that remain viable in manure or cold water 2-3 weeks, and in frozen meat - up to a year. Animals of any age get sick, but young animals are more susceptible. Pasteurellosis is transmitted from a sick animal along with feces, urine, nasal discharge.
A calf can catch pasteurellosis by eating infected grass
Symptoms
The incubation period lasts up to 3 days, but sometimes shorter. The temperature suddenly rises to 41-42 degrees, bloody diarrhea begins. After 6-12 hours, the animals die. This is a hyperacute course of the disease. There are several forms of the disease, each of which has its own symptoms. In calves, pasteurellosis manifests itself in the first hours of life or after 1-2 days. Pasteurellosis makes itself felt by the following symptoms:
- the temperature rises to 39 - 40 degrees;
- breathing quickens;
- diarrhea, bloody.
The calf dies after 2 days. If pasteurellosis is subacute, then symptoms of pneumonia appear.
Chronic pasteurellosis is also pneumonia, diarrhea, swelling of the joints. Often ends in the death of the animal.
Treatment
Pasteurellosis is treated with special hyperimmune sera or antibiotics. Glucose is administered intravenously. If pasteurellosis is detected, the animals are isolated in a warm, dry room and well fed. It is easier to prevent pasteurellosis than to treat it, for which they take animals only from farms that are safe for this disease, and keep them in quarantine for the first time.
Vaccination - reliable way avoid pasteurellosis
coccidiosis
Even if they recover, they remain spreaders of coccidiosis.
Symptoms
Coccidiosis does not make itself felt immediately, symptoms appear 14-21 days after infection. Coccidiosis in calves is severe, while adult animals tolerate it easily. Coccidiosis has three periods.
- First period of coccidiosis
Lasts 7 days. Calves get tired quickly, do not want to move. The stool is liquefied, blood is visible in it. Body temperature is slightly elevated or normal.
- Second period of coccidiosis
They are oppressed, constantly lying. They do not eat anything, the stomach is empty, they are rapidly losing weight. The feces are liquid, greenish, the temperature rises to 40-41 degrees.
- Third stage of coccidiosis
- The animals are so weak that they cannot get up, they do not eat. Feces become brown or black, sometimes red. The temperature is greatly reduced - 35-36 degrees. The calf is dying. Mortality in coccidiosis is 2-40%. Animals get sick for 10-15 days, but calves die after 1-2 days.
Treatment
Treatment of coccidiosis is complicated by the fact that it is easily confused with other diseases. But coccidiosis occurs in older calves. Used for treatment disinfectants. Do hot enemas 3 times a day for 2-3 days in a row. Ikhtargan has proven itself well. It is also given 3 times a day for 1-1.5 g. A solution is prepared, which is then given in 2 tbsp. spoons 2 times a day: 20 ml of ichthyol and 2 ml of lactic acid are added to 80 ml of water.
Lactic acid enhances the effect of ichtargan
Lichen
Lichen or trichoftia is a common disease in calves. Lichen from animals passes to humans. Lichen can be noticed immediately. The place of defeat by the fungus peels off, then wool falls on them. Symptoms appear after 5-7 days. Only a veterinarian should treat lichen, based on the degree and form of the disease. The wound is treated with an antiseptic. It is necessary to treat lichen immediately, otherwise it will spread throughout the herd.
If the animal has lichen, it is isolated, and the room is disinfected. Deprive not only spoils appearance animal, but also affects the growth and development of the calf.
siphunculatosis
Syfunculatosis is lice in animals. Lice are common everywhere, transmitted from sick animals to healthy ones, as well as through bedding. Often lice in calves appear in winter, when many animals are kept in a small room. How to determine that calves have lice? Animals experience severe itching scratch the skin. Blood comes out of the scratches and dries up in the form of a crust. Young animals grow poorly, dermatitis occurs, hair falls out. Lice often congregate on the animal's head, neck, and tail. If you examine the calf, you can see both lice and nits. Lice are destroyed by insecticides.
White muscle disease (" muscular dystrophy”,“ myopathy ”,“ waxy muscle degeneration”) - serious disease young farm animals and birds, occurring with violations of mineral, protein and carbohydrate metabolism, as well as with functional, biochemical and morphological changes in skeletal muscles and cardiac muscle.
The disease usually occurs in the second half of the winter - stall keeping of animals, in young animals in the first days and weeks of life, due to the fact that their mothers during pregnancy were not provided with sufficient and balanced feeding. Most often, lambs, piglets, calves, ducklings, and rarely foals are sick.
The disease has been known for a long time and is registered in most regions of Russia, including Vladimir, Nizhny Novgorod, Kostroma, Yaroslavl, Ivanovo.
White muscle disease is more often recorded in those places where pastures and hayfields are located in floodplain, low lands, often flooded during the spring flood, with high content it contains sulfur, which is an antagonist of selenium, and prevents its absorption by plants.
In the absence of treatment and preventive measures, the death rate of young animals reaches 50-70% of the number of cases. Young animals that have recovered from white muscle disease further lag behind in growth and development.
Etiology. The causes of white muscle disease are not well understood. Most scientists believe that white muscle disease is a specific violation of the vitamin and mineral nutrition of animals that occurs when there is a deficiency in the diet of microelements - selenium, cobalt, copper, manganese, iodine, vitamins A, B, E, as well as sulfur-containing amino acids - methionine and cysteine. Deficiency in the diet of the above substances, especially selenium and vitamin E renders negative influence on the intrauterine development offspring, and later on the growth and development of young animals. Concomitant factors aggravating the course this disease include a violation of zoohygienic conditions of detention (crowding, dampness, poor ventilation, etc.)
Symptoms. In lambs, the disease begins in the first 2-3 months, but more often immediately after birth. Calves and piglets become ill during the milk feeding period or immediately after weaning.
The disease occurs in acute, subacute and chronic forms. All forms are characterized by the following signs- depression, weakness, stagnation, unsteadiness of gait, muscle tremors, paralysis of certain parts of the body.
acute form- characterized by severe clinical signs and severe cardiac disorders, disorder gastrointestinal tract, oppression and paralysis of individual parts of the body. The heart rate reaches 140-200 beats per minute, heart sounds are deaf and weakened, splitting of the first tone, and with the development of pericarditis - splitting of the second and arrhythmia. Breathing is rapid, shallow and difficult, accompanied by the participation of muscles in the act of breathing abdominal wall and reaches 70-100 in one minute. Serous-purulent exudate is released from the nasal cavities, sick animals move with difficulty, get tired quickly, and often lie down. Appetite is reduced and then disappears. Some animals have atony of the gastrointestinal tract, bloating, salivation, and gnashing of teeth.
Defeat nervous system characterized by lethargy, loss of muscle tone. The upper parts of the scapula protrude above the spinous vertebrae, the head is lowered, the legs are spread apart, then paresis of the limbs develops, turning into convulsions, in which the head is thrown back onto the back. animal without outside help can't get up.
Body temperature is within the normal range, an increase to 40-41 degrees, when inflammation of the lungs is superimposed on white muscle disease.
Sometimes the disease can be blurred clinical signs Outwardly healthy animals suddenly die. The mortality rate of young animals in the absence of timely and well-conducted treatment reaches 60-90%.
For subacute and chronic forms disease symptoms are the same as in acute, but less pronounced. The subacute form lasts 15-30 days, with chronic 50-60 days and mortality reaches 4-60%.
A characteristic symptom of white muscle disease at autopsy is - diffuse or focal damage to the heart muscle and skeletal muscles, which are clearly visible in the transverse section of the heart and large group muscles of the pelvic limbs. They have diffuse or focal lesions in the form spilled whitish color, dense consistency, dryish and reminiscent of boiled chicken(hence the name white muscle disease)
Treatment. Specific treatment has not been developed. Best healing effect happens when using selenium preparations. for subcutaneous and intramuscular injection apply 0.1 -0.5% percentage solutions sodium selenite. They are prepared aseptically in sterile distilled water; sodium selenite solutions are colorless, transparent, unstable and do not withstand boiling. Solutions are suitable for use only on the day of preparation.
In farms disadvantaged by white muscle disease of lambs, sodium selenite with preventive purpose pregnant uterus is injected subcutaneously, once at a dose of 4-6 mg per animal (0.8-1.2 ml of a 0.5% solution) 20-30 days before lambing. When white muscle disease appears among young animals, a solution of sodium selenite is administered once to all young animals subcutaneously or intramuscularly at a dose of 0.1-0.2 mg / kg (0.1-0.2 ml 0.1% solution)- lamb weighing 2 kg - 0.2-0.4 ml of 0.1% sodium selenite solution.
The use of selenium preparations is allowed only for veterinarians with higher or specialized secondary veterinary education!
Based on practice - before the mass use of the drug, we recommend checking selenite for toxicity by introducing its solutions to a preliminary control group of animals - 5-6 animals. In the absence of toxic effects, we process the entire livestock. Sodium selenite is highly toxic and must be stored as medicines. groups A., and since its use causes complications at the injection site in the form of abscesses, the solutions are used simultaneously with a therapeutic dose of an antibiotic dissolved in a solution of sodium selenite.
For therapeutic purposes can be applied vitamin E, but it is less effective than sodium selenite. It is used for pregnant sheep a month before lambing, for lambs - within 2-4 weeks after birth with food. doses of vitamin E: sheep - 10-20 mg, lamb 5-10 mg. on the head 2-3 times a day. Also apply complex preparations- selevit containing in 1 ml.
Tocopherol acetate 25 mg and sodium selenite 2.2 mg, it is administered subcutaneously or intramuscularly to lambs up to 3 weeks 2 ml, older than 3 weeks - 4 ml, calves, foals, piglets 2 ml per 10 kg of body weight. A drug SELEVIT ADULTOS contains vitamin E 7.5g, sodium selenite-75mg per 100ml, selferol contains 0.5mg sodium selenite per 1ml and vitamin E 150mg.
Microelements are introduced into the diet - cobalt chloride, copper sulfate, manganese chloride, the use of sulfur-containing amino acids (methionine, cysteine) is useful. Spend symptomatic treatment: with heart failure - cordiamine 1.5-3 ml, camphor oil-3-5mg. With complications - antimicrobial drugs.
Prevention. Based on the elimination of the causes of white muscle disease.
Proper conditions for feeding and keeping pregnant animals and offspring are being created. Apply microelement polysalts and vitamin preparations. One month before delivery, as well as for newborn calves, lambs and piglets, we inject 1 ml intramuscularly or subcutaneously 0.1% sodium selenite solution. Prophylactic doses selevite, SELEVIT ADULTOS, selferol 2 times less than therapeutic, and tocopherol 3 times.
IN Lately developed an oral method for the prevention of white muscle disease in sheep, by using the drug "Bentoselen", in the form of tablets of 0.25 g for lambs and 0.5 g for ewes. Lambs are given it by mouth, twice, on the 2nd-3rd and 25th-30th days of life at a dose of 30 mg per kilogram of live weight, and pregnant ewes at 15 mg per kilogram of body weight 25-30 days before lambing.
For the prevention of white muscle disease of young farm animals, the industry also produces premixes for sheep ().
Many farmers are engaged in the cultivation of cattle. The breeding of calves is especially popular. They are grown both for meat (marbled beef is especially appreciated), and for delicious healthy milk and the production of other equally popular dairy products. Unfortunately, white muscle disease in calves and lambs causes great damage to the herd.
White muscle disease of young animals (abbreviated as "white mouse"), unfortunately, is very common in many farm animals (calves, piglets, lambs, sheep, foals) and birds (chickens, ducklings, turkeys, etc.). Foals are the most resistant to this disease.
The disease, as a rule, occurs in the first weeks of the animal's life. This is a very serious disease, which entails serious disturbances in the metabolic processes of the body of livestock, as well as changes in the muscles and heart muscle. After all, the heart is a vital organ.
Symptoms of the disease
Let's return to the white muscle disease of animals. Let us consider in more detail its symptoms and the most effective ways treatment.
This disease occurs in three forms: acute, subacute, chronic.
The most common symptoms are increased heart rate, fast fatiguability, diarrhea, rapid breathing, poor appetite (may disappear altogether), cloudy eyes, serous discharge, weakening of muscle tone, paralysis various parts body, severe convulsions. But not all symptoms may appear.
Urine and blood tests of sick young animals are unsatisfactory. The urine contains protein and the pigment myochrome. According to the blood tests of sick cattle, hypovitaminosis is immediately visible, which leads to white muscle disease.
Treatment of the disease
Once diagnosed, it is very important to start treatment immediately, as the heart is affected and the mortality rate is very high. Treatment must be prescribed by a veterinarian. As a rule, he chooses complex treatment.
Sick animals are isolated in a separate pen, they provide quality care, complete rest, certain nutrition (milk diet, carrots, bran, good hay).
- Usually, sodium selenite solution is used subcutaneously to treat sick calves, lambs and other cubs.
- Tocopherol, methionine, cysteine are also used to treat young animals. Tocopherol is also called vitamin E, it is very important for restoring metabolism and normal level hemoglobin.
- Methionine is an excellent metabolic agent. Methionine is an essential amino acid for both animals and humans. She is also actively involved in the exchange process.
- Cysteine is an equally important amino acid for the body.
All these drugs are sold in regular pharmacies. They treat not only animals, but also people.
- Of the heart medicines for the treatment of young animals, cordiamine, camphor oil, and tincture of lily of the valley are used. These are the most common cardiac drugs, they are used not only in veterinary practice, but also in medicine in general.
- Cobalt chloride, copper sulfate, manganese chloride are introduced into the diet of sick young animals.
- Cobalt is indispensable in the process of hematopoiesis and helps the body absorb vitamins such as A, E, C, B12. Copper sulfate is a good antiseptic.
- With complications, antibiotics can not be dispensed with.
Treatment should be strictly under the supervision of a veterinarian, who can adjust the dosage or replace one drug with another, based on the condition of the animals. This disease is considered one of the most dangerous, but despite this, it is not contagious. This is a serious violation of metabolic processes in the body, caused by a lack of the most important macro- and microelements.
Disease prevention
If you do not take preventive measures and do not treat animals, then the death of sick young animals can reach 90%, these are very serious numbers. It is also important to take into account the fact that the ill young animals lag behind in development, as a rule, and are no longer suitable.
The causes of the white mouse are not well understood. But it was found that young animals suffer from this disease, whose mothers received the wrong, not balanced diet and were kept in unfavorable conditions (dampness, dirt, etc.), therefore, preventive measures for this disease are good conditions keeping animals, balanced nutrition. As prescribed by a veterinarian, pregnant animals are given vitamin E and other complex preparations, a solution of sodium selenite is used, which is subsequently injected subcutaneously into lambs, calves, and piglets.
Sodium selenite - generic drug used in many diseases. Even as a preventive measure, the drug "Bentoselen" is prescribed. Dosage of drugs - strictly according to the instructions. Preparations are sold in special veterinary pharmacies.
The value of young animals in the economy
Growing healthy young animals is very time consuming, difficult process. But with the right distribution of forces and the implementation of preventive measures, this is quite realistic, and most importantly, very profitable. Good beef is rich in protein, vitamins B1, B5, B4, B6, B12, B2, B3, PP, B9, K. It is the main source of iron.
Beef is an indispensable product for a growing body, athletes, people struggling with overweight and those suffering from anemia. And cow's milk, of course, is a storehouse of calcium, it is very useful for teeth and bones.
To get excellent beef and milk, farmers have to work hard. The basic rule is never to save on the maintenance and nutrition of animals. Improperly fed cattle will not grow up healthy, they will not have the desired milk yield or high quality meat.
Meat quality and milk yield are also closely related to pen conditions. It must be clean, mandatory disinfection must be carried out, and the optimum air temperature must be ensured in it: animals must not freeze. Only with good maintenance, the cow will give healthy offspring.
And, of course, the most important rule of successful farmers is that you need to take care of animals with love, it is important to love your job, only then there will be a good return.
Availability farming requires not only love for animals, but also complete dedication. Indeed, sometimes problems arise, for example, when young animals fall ill, and it is necessary to know what are the symptoms of the disease, what is its treatment and the main preventive measures. White muscle disease in newborn calves is serious danger for their life and health, so it is so important for an attentive owner to be able to recognize early signs incipient disease and start adequate treatment.
White muscle disease appears in calves in the very first days or weeks from the moment they are born. When this pathology occurs, serious violation some types of metabolism in the body - mineral, carbohydrate, protein, lipid.
If not start timely treatment, then in more than half of the cases it is not possible to avoid the death of young animals. In a diseased animal, muscle changes are noted, to which dystrophy, myopathy, and serious damage to the heart muscle are added. Experts note the connection of this disease with the presence of calves in areas with peat, sandy and podzolic soil. Most severe forms white muscle disease occurs in young animals in winter and spring.
Thus, calves are always at risk of getting sick during the milk period. The disease can occur in three main stages - acute, subacute and chronic. Duration acute period can be from a week to 10 days. She is characterized by bright pronounced signs, as well as disturbances in the work of the heart muscle, indigestion, general depression, even paralysis of some parts of the body is possible.
During such a period, animals have characteristic cloudy eyes with serous discharge, and serous-purulent fluid flows from the nose. White muscle disease leads to the fact that the animal often spends time lying down and moves with visible effort. He has practically no appetite, in some cases there is atony of the gastrointestinal tract, profuse salivation, grinding of teeth, and the abdomen may be bloated.
Due to incorrect work of the heart muscle, tachycardia appears, breathing becomes rapid. feces calves have bad smell. There are also major changes on the part of the nervous system - the animal becomes lethargic, moves with its head down, raised shoulder blades, legs spread wide apart. Later, paralysis occurs as a result of convulsions, and after that the calf almost does not get up.
For white muscle disease, an increase in body temperature is not characteristic. The disease can also be virtually asymptomatic, causing death in more than 60 out of a hundred livestock. For subacute and chronic forms Clinical signs almost the same as for acute stage, but not very pronounced externally. The duration of the subacute period can be from two weeks to a month, and with chronic form– from 50 to 60 days.
Prevention
When diagnosing a disease, a number of factors should be taken into account - data on the area in which the animals are located, pathoanatomical and clinical characteristics, age of calves, results of laboratory tests, seasonality of the occurrence of "white mouse".
If possible, fluoroscopy, electrocardiography, radiography are also carried out. Preventive measures to prevent the onset of the disease in young animals, they include the mandatory administration of a solution of sodium selenite or tocopherol to pregnant cows and born calves. Preventive doses of selevit, selferol are several times less than therapeutic doses, they are also administered to animals. If fish oil is added to the diet, then the need of animals for vitamin E will become 2-3 times higher. General prevention implies the creation right conditions maintenance and feeding of pregnant heifers and young animals, complexes of vitamins and microelements are widely used in private practice.
Treatment
In mild cases of the disease, the prognosis for recovery is very favorable, in all other cases it is doubtful, or unfavorable, up to death. Selenium and vitamin E preparations are currently considered the most effective in the treatment of white muscle disease.
Sick animals must be provided with comfortable conditions of detention, a complete balanced diet, good care.
Apply sodium salt selenium is a white powder of sodium selenite, which is administered intravenously to animals in the form of a solution. Such a solution is not stored for a long time, so it is recommended to prepare it on the day of use. Selenium is a strong antioxidant, it reduces the formation of peroxides, which normalizes the natural metabolism in the body. You need to know the exact dosage, because this drug in large doses, it can be harmful.
Its antidote is arsenic acid. In order to prevent complications, along with the introduction of sodium selenite, antibiotics should be used at the recommended dose. Veterinarians also prescribe vitamin E for sick calves, usually it must be injected under the skin three times a day. The course of treatment can be up to one week.
Such medical preparations, as "Erevit" and "Aevit" are advised to prick once a day or every other day, the course lasts from a week to 10 days. Besides, good effect give specific sulfur-containing amino acids cysteine and methionine. Them veterinarians also prescribed to prick intramuscularly, such solutions are usually prescribed to be administered several times a day.
Protein hydrolysates are also especially good during treatment. They need to be pierced every day, the course of treatment with such drugs can be about a week.
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